Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2010 (Volume 8) Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna

Special issue on “Education and ”

Guest editors: Bilal Barakat and Hans-Peter Blossfeld

Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2010 (Volume 8)

All articles in this publication, except the Introduction and Demographic Debate contributions, were subject to international peer review

Internet address: www.oeaw.ac.at/vid/yearbook/

Editorial board Guest Editors for this issue: Bilal Barakat and Hans-Peter Blossfeld Editor: Wolfgang Lutz Managing editor: Tomáš Sobotka Associate editors: Thomas Fent, , Dimiter Philipov, Alexia Prskawetz and Sergei Scherbov

Vienna Institute of Demography Austrian Academy of Sciences Wohllebengasse 12-14 1040 Vienna, Fax: (+43 1) 515 81-7730 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.oeaw.ac.at/vid/yearbook/ Publisher Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Postfach 471, Postgasse 7 1011 Vienna, Austria Tel. (+43 1) 515 81-3401-3406 Fax (+43 1) 515 81-400 e-mail: [email protected] Website: verlag.oeaw.ac.at

Cover design: Christian Högl Copy editing: Werner Richter, Heike Barakat and Margaret Hutchings Editorial assistants: Binita K.C. and Ani Minassian

ISSN 1728-4414 ISBN 978-3-7001-6967-3 Authors for this volume

Christos Bagavos, Department of Social Policy, Panteion University, Athens, Greece. Bilal Barakat, Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, and World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria. Alaka Malwade Basu, Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States. Hans-Peter Blossfeld, Institute of Longitudinal Studies in Education (INBIL), University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany. John Bongaarts, Population Council, New York, United States. David De Wachter, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. Priska Flandorfer, Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. Katrin Fliegenschnee, Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. Regina Fuchs, World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria. Harvey J. Graff, Department of English, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States. Raquel Rangel de Meireles Guimarães, CEDEPLAR-Center for Regional Development and Planning of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Samir KC, World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria. Johannes Klotz, Population Statistics, Analysis and Projections, Statistics Austria, Vienna, Austria. Harold Lentzner, World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria. Wolfgang Lutz, World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria; Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, and Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria. Karel Neels, Sociology department, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium. Elsie Pamuk, World Population Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria. Eduardo Luiz Gonçalves Rios-Neto, Demography Department and CEDEPLAR- Center for Regional Development and Planning of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Joanna Różańska-Putek, Interface Demography research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium. Martin Spielauer, Modelling Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Canada. Jan Van Bavel, Interface Demography research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium. Contents

Introduction The search for a demography of education: some thoughts ...... 1 Bilal Barakat and Hans-Peter Blossfeld Demographic Debate Education will be at the heart of 21st century demography ...... 9 Wolfgang Lutz The Literacy Myth: literacy, education and demography ...... 17 Harvey J. Graff Mass schooling, empowerment, and demographic and economic outcomes: a note of dissent ...... 25 Alaka Malwade Basu Refereed Articles The causes of educational differences in fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa ...... 31 John Bongaarts Education and childlessness: the relationship between educational field, educational level, employment and childlessness among Greek women born in 1955-1959 ...... 51 Christos Bagavos Postponement and recuperation of Belgian fertility: how are they related to rising female educational attainment? ...... 77 Karel Neels and David De Wachter Second birth rates across Europe: interactions between women’s level of education and child care enrolment ...... 107 Jan Van Bavel and Joanna Różańska-Putek Convergence or divergence of educational disparities in mortality and morbidity? The evolution of life expectancy and health expectancy by educational attainment in Austria in 1981-2006 ...... 139 Johannes Klotz Education or wealth: which matters more for reducing child mortality in developing countries? ...... 175 Regina Fuchs, Elsie Pamuk, and Wolfgang Lutz The effect of education on adult mortality and disability: a global perspective ...... 201 Samir KC and Harold Lentzner Education and health: theoretical considerations based on a qualitative grounded theory ...... 237 Priska Flandorfer and Katrin Fliegenschnee Persistence and change of the relative difference in educational attainment by ethno-cultural group and gender in Canada ...... 261 Martin Spielauer The demography of education in Brazil: inequality of educational opportunities based on Grade Progression Probability (1986-2008) ...... 283 Eduardo Luiz Gonçalves Rios-Neto and Raquel Rangel de Meireles Guimarães