Yearbook of Population Research 2018 Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna

Special issue on Broadening demographic horizons

Guest editors: Alexia Prskawetz, Warren Sanderson and Sergei Scherbov Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 2018 (Volume 16) All Research Articles in this publication were subject to international peer review

Editorial board Editor: Guest editors for this issue: Alexia Prskawetz, Warren Sanderson and Sergei Scherbov Managing editor: Maria Winkler-Dworak Email: [email protected] Associate editors: Thomas Fent, , Dimiter Philipov, Alexia Prskawetz, Sergei Scherbov and Toma´sˇ Sobotka Vienna Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences Welthandelsplatz 2/Level 2 1020 Vienna, Fax: (+43 1) 313 36 90 7702 Website: www.viennayearbook.org Publisher Austrian Academy of Sciences Press Postgasse 7 1011 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43 1) 515 81-3401-3406 Fax: (+43 1) 515 81-3400 Email: [email protected] Website: verlag.oeaw.ac.at Copy editing: Miriam Hils ISSN 1728-4414 ISBN 978-3-7001-8364-8 Cover: Word cloud from title words used in Wittgenstein Center publications (2011–2018)

Made in Europe Authors for this volume

Mohammad Jalal ABBASI-SHAVAZI, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Jalal Al Ahmad Avenue, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran and Professorial Fellow, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia Nicholas BIDDLE, Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research and ANU Centre for Social Research and Methods, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Australia Helge BRUNBORG, Previously with Statistics Norway William P. BUTZ, Senior Research Scholar, World Population Program, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria Graziella CASELLI, Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Statistical Sciences, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161, Rome, Italy Joel E. COHEN, Laboratory of Populations, The Rockefeller University and Columbia University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA Additional affiliations: Earth Institute and Department of Statistics, Columbia University, USA; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, USA Nicholas GAILEY, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OAW,¨ WU), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria Patrick GERLAND, United Nations Organization, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Population Division, Two UN Plaza, Room DC2-1934, New York, NY 10017, USA Bernhard HAMMER, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, Vienna, Austria Gavin W. JONES, Emeritus Professor, Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia Nico KEILMAN, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 1095 Blindern, N 0317 Oslo, Norway Bernhard KOPPEN,¨ University of Koblenz-Landau, Universitatsstraße¨ 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany Rosa Maria LIPSI, Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Italy Wolfgang LUTZ, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OAW,¨ WU), Vienna, Austria Marc LUY, Vienna Institute of Demography of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Welthandelsplatz 2/Level 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria James O’DONNELL, School of Demography, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Australia Alexia PRSKAWETZ, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OAW,WU),¨ Vienna Institute of Demography, Welthandelsplatz 2/Level 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria and TU Wien, Austria Francesco RAMPAZZO, University of Southampton, UK James RAYMER, School of Demography, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, 9 Fellows Road, Acton ACT 2601, Australia Philip REES, Professor Emeritus, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Warren C. SANDERSON, Department of Economics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794-4384, New York, USA and Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OAW,WU),¨ International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria Sergei SCHERBOV, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/OAW,WU),¨ International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria Yanlin SHI, Department of Actuarial Studies and Business Analytics, Macquarie University, Australia Maria Rita TESTA, Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/OAW,¨ WU), Vienna Institute of Demography/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Welthandelsplatz 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria Frans WILLEKENS, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), Lange Houtstraat 19, NL-2511 CV The Hague, The Netherlands Meng XU, Department of Mathematics, Pace University, 41 Park Row, New York, NY 10038, USA