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Effect of Integration on the Gross Value Added in the Baltic States Dairy Sector

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Effect of Integration on the Gross Value Added in the Baltic States Dairy Sector Proc. Latv. Univ. Agr., 2012, 28(323) DOI: 10.2478/v10236-012-0011-4 Efficiency of the European Social Fund Contribution Effect of Integration on the Gross Value Added in to the Regions of Latvia the Baltic States Dairy Sector Secondary Level Ilze Latviete* Jānis Ozoliņš* Department of Economics, LLU Faculty of Economics, LLU Abstract. From 2004 till mid-2007, the economics of Latvia experienced fast development, which to some Abstract. Dairy sector is an essential part of Baltic States economies in terms of created gross value added extent was influenced by accessing the European Union (EU), which in its turn provided access to the EU funds (GVA) and labour usage. The dairy sector’s potential to create economic effect is underutilised as a result of and subsequently to significant investment in the country’s development, thus also affecting the topicalities of fragmented production structure and ensuing low economic efficiency. Integration can facilitate concentration social security and employment. Because of the world recession, the EU has experienced an economic downfall of the sector’s market structure. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of dairy sector secondary-level which hit Latvia and its regions very hard, causing a significant reduction in the economic activity, increase in company integration on the creation of GVA. To accomplish the aim, an extensive sample of 54 companies the unemployment level, and the risk of social stratification. To facilitate the socio-economic development of is used whereas previous research has been based on data of only 5–10 largest Baltic States companies. It is the regions, to increase the level of welfare in the regions with lower socio-economic development indicators, concluded that integration characteristics of dairy processing companies significantly influence relationships as well as to prevent the possibility of appearance of unfavourable situations in the future, it is necessary to use which express their GVA creation pattern. Dominating horizontally integrated dairy processing companies correctly the EU funds available in Latvia, including the financing of the European Social Fund (ESF). In the are the most valuable to the economy as their GVA increase rate which results from net turnover growth is period from 2004 till 2010, the Riga region has acquired 33% of the total ESF financing in the welfare sector, the highest. Non-integrated companies’ GVA growth rate provided that their net turnover grows is lower than Latgale has the second largest financing – 25%, but the other resources have been acquired in a more or less for dominating horizontally integrated companies. Increases in company size do not statistically significantly equal amounts in the other regions: Kurzeme (16%), Zemgale (14%), and Vidzeme (12%). The ESF financing increase the relation of GVA to the sum of net turnover and other operating income. Both successful and in the welfare sector has influenced the socio-economic indicators of the regions. Functional correlations are commercially weak companies can produce high GVA in respect to their size. However, only the successful observed among the ESF financing in the welfare sector and the value changes in the number of registered companies are expected to generate positive growth dynamics, be economically efficient and can be relied unemployed persons, job seekers and the territory development index. upon as driving force of dairy sector growth. Key words: European Social Fund, financing, activity, development of territories. Key words: Dairy processing, integration, economic effect. crime, drug addiction and alcoholism also increases Introduction 2007), therefore Latvian, Estonian and Lithuanian and, as a result, general social degradation sets in, Dairy sector is an essential part of Baltic States dairy sectors should preferably be analysed which can spread in the entire country and cause a economies by created GVA and labour usage weight together. Each of the Baltic States has specific deep economic crisis. in the total respective indicators of these countries. problems, nevertheless the main problems both in The EU funds are the main financial instrument Appropriate natural resources, existing infrastructure, the primary and secondary level of the dairy sector that supports less favourable areas and unsecured dairy farming and processing traditions, are fragmented production structure and resulting groups of population to reduce socio-economic favourable geographic position in the context low economic efficiency (Vasiliev et al., 2011; differences between the Member States and their of world agricultural market liberalisation are Jansik, 2009; Krieviņa, 2009; Zemeckis, Gapšys, regions. Thus, Latvia receives financing as a country main elements of rationale to retain and develop Mikelionyte, Eicaite, & Girgždiene, 2009; Lepasalu, not particular its regions, as it is practised in most of the sector. Transition from command to market Arney, Soidla, & Poikalainen, 2009; Sepp & Ohvril, the EU Member States. economy and separation from the USSR milk 2009; Jasjko et al., 2007; Špoģis & Radžele, 2007; Previous research shows that regional market, according to Eurostat data, resulted in Glinskiené, Daraškevičiūté, & Lipinskiené, 2006). opportunities and interests to acquire the EU funds a decrease of produced raw milk in the Baltic The structural problems of dairy sector secondary financing are not equal. The response of the region’s States by 42–49% in the period from 1990 level are the most significant factor hindering economics on the efficiency of the invested resources until 1996. In the period until 2010 there has development of the whole sector. Baltic States is not identical either because there are different been no significant increase in the amount of dairy processing companies are small in the world economic advantages and economic development produced raw milk, and growth trends in milk market and export mainly industrial products while interests between the regions (Saktiņa, 2008). In processing products have been minimal. The dairy competing with high value added products in the the territories which have attracted larger EU funds sector’s potential to create economic effect is narrow and shrinking local market. The amount of financing faster development has taken place, whereas underutilised. value added created is not sufficient to pay higher the improvement of the socio-economic indicators in Existing trade patterns confirm that a single prices for raw milk which according to Miglavs et al. the other regions is slower, their differences continue market for raw milk and fresh milk products exists (2008) is the main stimulus to produce more and thus increasing. in the Baltic States (Estonian Competition Board, is a precondition for the sector to develop. ___________________________ * Author’s email: [email protected] © Latvia University of Agriculture (LLU) 2012 J. Ozoliņš Effect of Integration on the Gross Value Added in the Baltic States Dairy Sector Integration can directly or indirectly facilitate not specialized in goat’s milk processing, were not production capacity utilisation, increases in scope of engaged primarily in ice cream production not production, economic efficiency, cost optimisation, using fresh milk, did not produce milk candy, or higher value added production, research and did not generate more than 40% of income from development, and acquiring new markets. GVA other activities than dairy processing (Pārtikas is the main indicator for measuring the economic un veterinārais ..., 2010; Valstybinė maisto ..., effect of a branch of economy because it specifies its 2010; Veterinaar-ja toiduamet, 2010). Companies contribution to the GDP. As integration in secondary undergoing liquidation were also not included in the level is an instrument that may be used to realise research sample. the economic potential of dairy sector, it is useful to Taking into account availability of Lithuanian research the impact of integration on GVA created by data starting from year 2004 (prior to this period the the dairy processing companies in the Baltic States. companies in this country were not obliged to submit The impact of integration characteristics on the annual reports to the Valstybės įmonė Registrų GVA created by the dairy processing companies centras) and involved countries’ EU membership has not been researched to a sufficient extent. since 2004, this year was selected as the starting Existing integration-related research of the Latvian period for the research. The end of research period sector includes Leimane et al. (2006), Jasjko et al. is year 2010 because annual reports in some of the (2007), Krieviņa (2009). Several scientists have Baltic States are publically accessible 10 months devoted fragments of their papers, except for fully subsequent to the end of the respective financial year. devoted but not recent work by Kedaitiene, to dairy The sample of dairy processing companies was close sector integration problems in the other Baltic to the whole population as in the year 2008 sample States (Girgzdiene, Hartmann, Kuodys, Vaikutis, & companies were creating approximately 98% of dairy Wandel, 1999; Hartmann, Berkum, & Wandel, processing turnover. 1999; Kedaitiene & Hockmann, 2002; Vaznonis In order to analyse the economic effect of various & Danilevičé, 2006). A significant drawback of types of dairy processing companies, the author all existing research papers is reliance on general used GVA at factor cost. Information
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