Ice Thinning on Nunataks During the Glacial to Interglacial Transition In
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Integración De Modelos Numéricos De Glaciares Y Procesado De Datos De Georradar En Un Sistema De Información Geográfica Tesis Doctoral
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación Integración de modelos numéricos de glaciares y procesado de datos de georradar en un sistema de información geográfica Tesis Doctoral por Ricardo Rodríguez Cielos Ingeniero de Telecomunicación Ingeniero Técnico en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía Año 2014 Departamento de Matemática Aplicada a las Tecnologías de la Información Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación Integración de modelos numéricos de glaciares y procesado de datos de georradar en un sistema de información geográfica Autor: Ricardo Rodríguez Cielos Ingeniero de Telecomunicación Ingeniero Técnico en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía Directores: Francisco José Navarro Valero Javier Jesús Lapazaran Izargain Doctor en Ciencias Físicas Doctor Ingeniero de Telecomunicación Año 2014 III IV Tribunal nombrado por el Mgfco. y Excemo. Sr. Rector de la Uni- versidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día ____ de __________ de 2014. Presidente D. Vocal D. Vocal D. Vocal D. Vocal Secretario D. Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día ____ de __________ de 2014, en ____________. Calificación: ________________________ EL PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL VOCAL SECRETARIO V A mis hijos, a ella, a mis padres, a mi familia, a mis compañeros, a mis profesores y a mis alumnos. VII Resumen Resumen Los modelos de termomecánica glaciar están definidos mediante sistemas de ecuaciones en derivadas parciales que establecen los principios básicos de conservación de masa, momento lineal y energía, acompañados por una ley constitutiva que define la relación entre las tensiones a las que está sometido el hielo glaciar y las deformaciones resultantes de las mismas. La resolución de estas ecuaciones requiere la definición precisa del dominio (la geometría del glaciar, obtenido a partir de medidas topográficas y de georradar), así como contar con un conjunto de condiciones de contorno, que se obtienen a partir de medidas de campo de las variables implicadas y que constituyen un conjunto de datos geoespaciales. -
USGS Open-File Report 2007-1047, Short Research Paper 035, 3 P.; Doi:10.3133/Of2007-1047.Srp035
U.S. Geological Survey and The National Academies; USGS OF-2007-1047, Short Research Paper 035; doi:10.3133/of2007-1047.srp035 New 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar ages of dikes in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula) S. Kraus,1 M. McWilliams,2 and Z. Pecskay3 1Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile ([email protected]) 2John de Laeter Centre of Mass Spectrometry, Perth, Australia ([email protected]) 3Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary ([email protected]) Abstract Eighteen plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar and 7 whole rock K/Ar ages suggest that dikes in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula) are of Paleocene to Eocene age. The oldest dikes are exposed on Hurd Peninsula (Livingston Island) and do not yield 40Ar/39Ar plateaux. Our best estimates suggest dike intrusion at about the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary. An older age limit for the dikes is established by Campanian nannofossil ages from their metasedimentary host. Dike intrusion began earlier and lasted longer on Hurd Peninsula (Danian to Priabonian) than on King George Island (Thanetian to Lutetian). Arc magmatism on King George Island, possibly accompanied also by hypabyssal intrusions, began in the Cretaceous as indicated by ages from the stratiform volcanic sequence. The dikes on King George Island were emplaced beginning in the late Paleocene and ending 47–45 Ma. The youngest arc-related dikes on Hurd Peninsula were emplaced ~37 Ma. Citation: Kraus, S., M. McWilliams, and Z. Pecskay (2007), New 40Ar/39Ar and K/Ar ages of dikes in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula), in Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World – Online Proceedings of the 10th ISAES, edited by A. -
Decelerated Mass Loss of Hurd and Johnsons Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 59, No. 213, 2013 doi: 10.3189/2013JoG12J144 1 Decelerated mass loss of Hurd and Johnsons Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula Francisco J. NAVARRO, Ulf Y. JONSELL, MarõÂa I. CORCUERA, Alba MARTIÂN-ESPANÄ OL Departmento de MatemaÂtica Aplicada, ETSI de TelecomunicacioÂn, Universidad PoliteÂcnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. A new 10 year surface mass balance (SMB) record of Hurd and Johnsons Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica, is presented and compared with earlier estimates on the basis of local and regional meteorological conditions and trends. Since Johnsons is a tidewater glacier, we also include a calving flux calculation to estimate its total mass balance. The average annual SMB over the 10 year observation period 2002±11 is ±0.15 0.10 m w.e. for Hurd Glacier and 0.05 0.10 m w.e. for Johnsons Glacier. Æ Æ Adding the calving losses to the latter results in a total mass balance of ±0.09 0.10 m w.e. There has Æ been a deceleration of the mass losses of these glaciers from 1957±2000 to 2002±11, which have nearly halved for both glaciers. We attribute this decrease in the mass losses to a combination of increased accumulation in the region and decreased melt. The increased accumulation is attributed to larger precipitation associated with the recent deepening of the circumpolar pressure trough, while the melt decrease is associated with lower summer surface temperatures during the past decade. 1. INTRODUCTION lation rate. In fact, much evidence points to such an Hurd and Johnsons Glaciers are located on Livingston Island increase: an increasing trend in winter accumulation in the (LI), the second largest island in the South Shetland Islands northwestern AP observed in ERA-40 reanalysis data (Miles (SSI) archipelago, which lies nearly parallel to the northern and others, 2008), an increase in the annual total of tip of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), known as Trinity precipitation days at Faraday/Vernadsky station (Turner and Peninsula (Fig. -
South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) – Clues from Magmatic Dykes S
TOMO 2 - Volcanismo y Magmatismo THE ROLE OF CONTINENTAL CRUST DURING MAGMA GENESIS BENEATH HURD PENINSULA (SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS, ANTARCTICA) – CLUES FROM MAGMATIC DYKES S. Kraus (Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, [email protected]) H. Miller (Dept. of Earth & Environm. Sci., Univ. of Munich, Germany, [email protected]) INTRODUCTION Hurd Peninsula (62° 40’ S / 60° 22’ W) is located in southern Livingston Island, the second largest of the South Shetland Islands (Fig. 1). It is bordered by South Bay in the NW and False Bay in the SE and comprises about 27 km2. Three main lithological sequences crop out there: the sedimentary, turbiditic Miers Bluff Formation (MBF) in the stratigraphically lowermost position, unconformably overlain by the Moores Peak Breccia and, uppermost, the volcanic rocks of the magmatic arc (Mount Bowles Formation). The investigation area is located in the northwestern part of Hurd Peninsula and the dykes are hosted without exception by the Miers Bluff Formation. Major goals were the identification of tectonic events as reflected by the orientation of the dykes and by joint systems, the determination of the magma sources as well as possible changes, and relationships between tectonic and magmatic events. Ar-Ar age determinations carried out on plagioclase separates indicate that the dykes intruded the different directions (first and second order dextral and sinistral shear systems) correlated with the folding axis (24°, evident in the sedimentary host rocks) from Danian on, most of them during the Lutetian. Six different intrusive events can be distinguished on Hurd Peninsula. Fig. 1: Geography of the northern Antarctic Peninsula Dykes of the same relative age also share the and the South Shetland Islands and their location in Antarctica (inset). -
The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Aretic Glaciers
DA NM ARKS OG GRØN L ANDS GEO L OG I SKE UNDERSØGELSE RAP P ORT 2013/3 The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Aretic Glaciers Abstracts, IASC Network of Aretic Glaciology, 9 - 12 January 2012, Zieleniec (Poland) A. P. Ahlstrøm, C. Tijm-Reijmer & M. Sharp (eds) • GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF D EN MARK AND GREENLAND DANISH MINISTAV OF CLIMATE, ENEAGY AND BUILDING ~ G E U S DANMARKS OG GRØNLANDS GEOLOGISKE UNDERSØGELSE RAPPORT 201 3 / 3 The Dynamics and Mass Budget of Arctic Glaciers Abstracts, IASC Network of Arctic Glaciology, 9 - 12 January 2012, Zieleniec (Poland) A. P. Ahlstrøm, C. Tijm-Reijmer & M. Sharp (eds) GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND DANISH MINISTRY OF CLIMATE, ENERGY AND BUILDING Indhold Preface 5 Programme 6 List of participants 11 Minutes from a special session on tidewater glaciers research in the Arctic 14 Abstracts 17 Seasonal and multi-year fluctuations of tidewater glaciers cliffson Southern Spitsbergen 18 Recent changes in elevation across the Devon Ice Cap, Canada 19 Estimation of iceberg to the Hansbukta (Southern Spitsbergen) based on time-lapse photos 20 Seasonal and interannual velocity variations of two outlet glaciers of Austfonna, Svalbard, inferred by continuous GPS measurements 21 Discharge from the Werenskiold Glacier catchment based upon measurements and surface ablation in summer 2011 22 The mass balance of Austfonna Ice Cap, 2004-2010 23 Overview on radon measurements in glacier meltwater 24 Permafrost distribution in coastal zone in Hornsund (Southern Spitsbergen) 25 Glacial environment of De Long Archipelago -
US Antarctic Program Information Exchange
Information Exchange Under United States Antarctic Activities Articles III and VII (5) of the Modifications of Activities Planned for 2004-2005 ANTARCTIC TREATY X. Tourism X. Tourism Section X presents planned itineraries for U.S. based non- governmental activities in the Treaty area. Abercrombie & Kent International, Inc. Atholl Shipping Corporation and Abercrombie & Kent International, Inc. of Oak Brook, Illinois, conducted a total of ten cruises to the Antarctic Peninsula during the 2004-2005 season using the M/S Explorer II. Given below, for each cruise, is the port of origin, and sites visited (with dates) M/S EXPLORER Cruise EXP16NOV2004 November 2004 94 PAX; 145 STAFF; 162 CREW # PAX 1 Ports Landed Dates Montevideo, URUGUAY 16 NOV 2004 At sea 17-20 NOV 2004 Point Wild, Elephant Island 21 NOV 2004 Esperanza Station, Hope Bay 99 22 NOV 2004 James Ross Island 89* 23 NOV 2004 Vortex Island 106 23 NOV 2004 Paulet Island 114 24 NOV 2004 Brown Bluff, Tabarin Peninsula 87 24 NOV 2004 National Science Foundation 23 Arlington, Virginia 22230 October 1, 2005 Information Exchange Under United States Antarctic Activities Articles III and VII (5) of the Modifications of Activities Planned for 2004-2005 ANTARCTIC TREATY X. Tourism Hannah Point, Livingston Island 84 25 NOV 2004 Whalers Bay, Deception Island 108 25 NOV 2004 At sea 26-27 NOV 2004 Ushuaia, ARGENTINA 28 NOV 2004 1 = Includes passengers, staff and crew landed * = zodiac cruising only Cruise EXP28NOV 2004 November/December 2004 207 PAX; 13 STAFF; 159 CREW # PAX 1 Ports Landed Dates Ushuaia, -
Worldwide Version-Controlled Database of Glacier Thickness Observations Ethan Welty1,2, Michael Zemp2, Francisco Navarro3, Matthias Huss4,5,6, Johannes J
Worldwide version-controlled database of glacier thickness observations Ethan Welty1,2, Michael Zemp2, Francisco Navarro3, Matthias Huss4,5,6, Johannes J. Fürst7, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer2, Johannes Landmann2,4,5, Horst Machguth6,2, Kathrin Naegeli8,2, Liss M. Andreassen9, Daniel Farinotti4,5, Huilin Li10, and GlaThiDa Contributors* 1Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado Boulder, United States 2World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS), University of Zürich, Switzerland 3Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain 4Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zürich, Switzerland 5Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Switzerland 6Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Switzerland 7Department of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Germany 8Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Switzerland 9Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), Oslo, Norway 10Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China *A list of additional contributors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper. Correspondence: Ethan Welty ([email protected]) Abstract. Although worldwide inventories of glacier area have been coordinated internationally for several decades, a similar effort for glacier ice thicknesses was only initiated in 2013. Here, we present the third version of the Glacier Thickness Database (GlaThiDa v3), which includes 3 854 279 thickness measurements distributed over roughly 3 000 glaciers worldwide. Over- 5 all, 14 % of global glacier area is now within 1 km of a thickness measurement (located on the same glacier) – a significant improvement over GlaThiDa v2, which covered only 6 % of global glacier area, and only 1 100 glaciers. -
Observations on the Glacial History of Livingston Island1
Observations on the Glacial History of Livingston Island1 K. R. EVERETT2 ABSTRACT. Livingston Island, one of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, has recorded at least three glacial events. During the oldest event all areas of the island below 200 m. were covered by an expanded island ice cap. At that time Livingston Island ice probably joined that of adjacent islands. A second, less extensive event, is recorded by deposits of both the inland ice cap and cirque glaciers. Between these two glacial events a higherstand of sea level produced beaches and terracesat 10.6 m. to 12 m. above the present sea level. Following the second glacial event a higher sea level produced beaches 6.1 m. above the present sea level. A third, minor and probably relatively recent glacial event is recorded by push moraines in some cirques from which the ice has now receded. RÉSUMÉ. Observations sur l'histoireglaciaire de l'île deLivingston. L'une des Shetland du Sud, en Antarctique, I'ile de Livingston a vu au moins trois événements glaciaires. Au cours du plus ancien, toute l'île en bas de la cote 200 m a été recou- verte par une calotte insulaire. A ce moment-là, la glace de Livingston rejoignait probablementcelle des îles adjacentes. Un second événement moins étendu est enregistré à la fois dans les dépôts de la calotte,et dans ceux de glaciers de cirque. Entre ces deux événements, un niveau marin plus élevé a produit des plages et des terrasses entre 10,6 et 12 m au-dessus du niveau marin actuel. -
Structural Studies in the Scotia Arc: Livingston Island
Structural Studies in the Scotia Arc: relatively mature sandstone. Only plant fossils were Livingston Island found and it is not yet known whether any of these are diagnostic. Although tentatively correlated with the Trinity Peninsula Series by Hobbs (1968) on IAN W. D. DALZIEL lithic grounds, the rocks are remarkably similar to the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Cretaceous sediments at Cape Legoupil, directly Columbia University across the Bransfield Strait on the Antarctic Penin- sula, as described by Halpern (1965; see also Adie, The South Shetland Islands lie on the southern limb 1964). of the Scotia Arc, separated from the Antarctic Pen- The rocks of the Miers Bluff Formation, dip north- insula by the Bransfield Strait (Fig. 1). During the west at a low or moderate angle. They were regarded 1968-1969 antarctic summer, the author and his as- by Hobbs (1968) as a normal upward-facing succes- sistant, S. J. Brocoum, spent approximately seven sion. However, the present study has shown that they weeks in the southeastern part of Livingston Island, lie on the inverted limb of a recumbent fold of nappe the largest of the group, carrying out geological and proportions which is refo!ded by at least two later sets geophysical studies pertinent to the tectonic history of of structures. The hinge line of the recumbent fold the Arc. This particular location was selected in order can he deduced from cleavage/bedding relations to to study the so-called False Bay schists, which were strike northeast-southwest parallel to the trend of the tentatively assigned a Precambrian age by Hobbs Scotia Arc at this point, and the fold faces southeast. -
Frontal Ablation of Glaciers on Livingston Island 3 Frontal Ablation of Glaciers on Livingston Island
EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Open Access Open Access Natural Hazards Natural Hazards and Earth System and Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Chemistry Chemistry and Physics and Physics Discussions Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric Measurement Measurement Techniques Techniques Discussions Open Access Open Access Biogeosciences Biogeosciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Climate Climate of the Past of the Past Discussions Open Access Open Access Earth System Earth System Dynamics Dynamics Discussions Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific Open Access Instrumentation Instrumentation Methods and Methods and Data Systems Data Systems Discussions Open Access Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific Model Development Model Development Discussions Open Access Open Access Hydrology and Hydrology and Earth System Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Ocean Science Ocean Science Discussions Open Access Open Access Solid Earth Solid Earth Discussions Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | The Cryosphere Discuss., 7, 4207–4240, 2013 Open Access Open Access www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/7/4207/2013/ The Cryosphere The Cryosphere TCD doi:10.5194/tcd-7-4207-2013 Discussions © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 7, 4207–4240, 2013 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal The Cryosphere (TC). Frontal ablation of Please refer to the corresponding final paper in TC if available. glaciers on Livingston Island Frontal ablation and temporal variations B. Osmanoglu et al. in surface velocity of Livingston Island ice cap, Antarctica Title Page Abstract Introduction B. Osmanoglu1, M. -
Geologic Studies in the South Shetland Islands and at Hope Bay
trolled by regional NE-SW and NW-SE structures. The structural elements on Barton Peninsula are similar in type and general attitudes to those noted on Keller Peninsula. The remainder of the field season was spent in recon- naissance studies of (1) Greenwich Island (Duff Point)-25 and 26 February; (2) Livingston Island (Hurd Peninsula and area east of False Bay)-21 February; (3) Low Island (Cape Wallace, 63°13S 62°15W)-22 February; and (4) southern Anvers Island (vicinity of Palmer Station and Arthur Har- bor, 64°46S 64°04W)-18 and 19 February. The work in- cluded reconnaissance mapping and collection of samples for laboratory study. We defined two areas of considerable interest during the Figure 2. Location map, Keller and Barton Peninsulas, King reconnaissance studies. These are (1) Hurd Peninsula, on George Island. (Adapted from Barton 1965). Livingston Island; and (2) the vicinity of Palmer Station, on southern Anvers Island. NE-SW and NW-SE respectively; they and the Andean in- Veins bearing sphalerite, plus subordinate galena, pyrite, trusions appear to be related genetically. It is suggested that chalcopyrite, and quartz were found near Johnsons Dock the NE-SW set of joints and faults may be related to major (62°40S 60°22W), on Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island. strike-slip plate movement within the northern region of One sphalerite vein measured 50 centimeters in thickness. the peninsula. The NW-SE set of fractures is tensional and The veins apparently are associated with a small body of ton- may be related to opening of the Bransfield Strait. alite, presumably an apophysis of a larger intrusion nearby. -
151 3Rd Issue 2009
ISSN 0019–1043 Ice News Bulletin of the International Glaciological Society Number 151 3rd Issue 2009 Contents 2 From the Editor 40 International Glaciological Society 3 Recent work 40 Journal of Glaciology 3 Italy 41 Annals of Glaciology, Volume 51(54) 3 Alpine glaciers 41 Annals of Glaciology, Volume 51(55) 14 Ice cores 42 Report from the Nordic Branch Meeting 16 Alpine inventories 43 Notes from the production team 17 Apennine glaciers 44 Meetings of other societies: 18 Tropical glaciers 44 Northwestern Glaciologists meeting 18 Himalaya–Karakoram glaciers 2009 20 Polar glaciers and ice sheets 47 Sapporo symposium 2nd circular 23 Glacier hydrology 52 Ohio symposium 2nd circular 24 The Miage Lake project 57 Future meetings of other societies: 25 Applied glaciology 11th International Circumpolar 28 Remote sensing Remote Sensing Symposium 30 Permafrost 57 Books received 33 Ice caves 58 News 33 Ecological studies 58 Obituary: Hans Röthlisberger 37 Snow and avalanches 60 Glaciological diary 66 New members Cover picture: River Skeiðará flowing along the terminus of the outlet glacier Skeiðarárjökull from southern Vatnajökull ice cap. The river changed course in July 2009. Until then the river flowed directly to the south from the outlet on the eastern side of the terminus and under the longest bridge in Iceland, the ~900 m long Skeiðará bridge. The river now flows to the west along the terminus and merges with the river Gígjukvísl near the centre of the glacier and the Skeiðará bridge is more or less on dry land. Photo: Oddur Sigurðsson. Scanning electron micrograph of the ice crystal used in headings by kind permission of William P.