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Pipestone National Monument, Minnesota Native American Cultural Affiliation and Traditional Association Study

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Pipestone National Monument, Minnesota Native American Cultural Affiliation and Traditional Association Study Pipestone National Monument, Minnesota Native American Cultural Affiliation and Traditional Association Study Item Type Report Authors Zedeño, M. Nieves; Basaldu, R.C. Publisher Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona Download date 24/09/2021 17:33:02 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292671 PIPESTONE NATIONAL MONUMENT, MINNESOTA NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURAL AFFILIATION AND TRADITIONAL ASSOCIATION STUDY Final Report June 30, 2004 María Nieves Zedeño Robert Christopher Basaldú Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA Tucson, AZ 85721 PIPESTONE NATIONAL MONUMENT, MINNESOTA NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURAL AFFILIATION AND TRADITIONAL ASSOCIA- TION STUDY Final Report Prepared by María Nieves Zedeño And Robert Christopher Basaldú Prepared for National Park Service Midwest Region Under Task Agreement 27 of Cooperative Agreement H8601010007 R.W. Stoffle and M. N. Zedeño, Principal Investigators Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 86721 June 30, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................................................iii SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ......................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER ONE – STUDY OVERVIEW...................................................................................... 1 Geographic and Cultural Focus of the Research............................................................................. 1 Project Scope and Methodology ..................................................................................................... 2 Previous Research and Tiering...................................................................................................... 4 Legal Foundations for Cultural Affiliation ..................................................................................... 5 Determining Lineal Descent in Cultural Affiliation ..................................................................... 5 Theoretical and Practical Issues in Cultural Affiliation Research .................................................. 8 Object, People, and Place.............................................................................................................. 9 Temporal and Spatial Scales ....................................................................................................... 10 Land Use Practices and Cultural Affiliation............................................................................... 10 CHAPTER TWO – PIPESTONE: A PLACE AND A RESOURCE IN AMERICAN INDIAN CULTURE, PAST AND PRESENT ............................................................................. 12 The Pipestone................................................................................................................................ 15 Quarrying Rites ........................................................................................................................... 16 The Color Red............................................................................................................................... 17 Tobacco and Smoke ...................................................................................................................... 18 The Calumet.................................................................................................................................. 20 CHAPTER THREE – REGIONAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE MONUMENT’S USE HISTORY............................................................................................................................. 24 Early Prehistory in the Prairie Lakes Subarea............................................................................... 25 The Woodland Period ................................................................................................................... 28 Woodland at the Monument – Relevance for Cultural Affiliation ............................................. 31 The Plains Village Pattern Middle Missouri Tradition................................................................. 32 The Plains Village Tradition at the Monument – Relevance for Cultural Affiliation ................ 35 The Coalescent Tradition .............................................................................................................. 36 Oneota Tradition ........................................................................................................................... 36 Oneota at the Monument – Relevance for Cultural Affiliation................................................... 38 The Early Historic Period (A.D. 1600-1800)................................................................................ 40 The Late Historic Period (A.D. 1800-Present).............................................................................. 40 Summary and Commentary........................................................................................................... 41 i CHAPTER FOUR – ETHNOGENETIC TRAJECTORIES OF CULTURALLY AFFILIATED GROUPS .............................................................................................................. 44 The Middle Missouri Tradition and Mandan Ethnogenesis......................................................... 44 Prehistoric Archaeology.............................................................................................................. 44 Physical Anthropology................................................................................................................ 45 Linguistics................................................................................................................................... 45 Oral History................................................................................................................................. 46 Geography................................................................................................................................... 47 Colonial Records......................................................................................................................... 49 American Records and Ethnography .......................................................................................... 50 Oneota and the Chiwere Sioux ..................................................................................................... 53 Linguistics................................................................................................................................... 53 Physical Anthropology................................................................................................................ 54 Early Colonial Documents .......................................................................................................... 54 Post-Colonial Documents............................................................................................................ 58 Archaeology ................................................................................................................................ 58 Oral Tradition.............................................................................................................................. 60 Ethnography ................................................................................................................................ 63 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 65 Oneota and the Dhegiha Sioux...................................................................................................... 66 Oral Tradition.............................................................................................................................. 66 Archaeology and Dhegiha Origins.............................................................................................. 70 Archaeological Signatures of Omaha-Ponca .............................................................................. 72 Physical Anthropology................................................................................................................ 74 Colonial Documents.................................................................................................................... 74 Ethnography ................................................................................................................................ 79 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 82 CHAPTER FIVE – DAKOTA SIOUAN SPEAKERS AT THE MONUMENT......................... 83 Historical Sketch........................................................................................................................... 83 Dakota (Santee)............................................................................................................................. 86 The Pipe in Dakota Culture......................................................................................................... 90 Yankton......................................................................................................................................... 91 Yanktonai ...................................................................................................................................... 95 The Pipestone Quarry in Yankton History.................................................................................
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