DOCSLIB.ORG

Improved Decision-Making Processes for the Transfrontier Conservation Areas of Southern Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Improved Decision-Making Processes for the Transfrontier Conservation Areas of Southern Africa IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES FOR THE TRANSFRONTIER CONSERVATION AREAS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA by ANNA SUSANNA MALAN A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Forestry) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) May 2015 © Anna Susanna Malan, 2015 ABSTRACT The focus of this research is environmental governance in Africa, explored through the lens of trans- border conservation initiatives. I used the embedded case study approach to dissect the political, socio- economic and ecosystem management aspects of decision making in the establishment and management of protected areas across national boundaries, focusing on two transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) in southern Africa, the Greater Limpopo and the Greater Mapungubwe transfrontier conservation areas. This is a qualitative study using mixed methods to collect data, including 93 semi- structured interviews with current and potential decision makers from every possible level, 16 questionnaires, ten mental model workshops, several meetings with local municipalities and other decision-making platforms, and an in-depth scrutiny of relevant policies and treaty documents. Interviewees provided inputs into a value system framework based on a compilation of attributes from each of the ecosystem, socio-economic and governance literature, to produce an average score for each of the two case study areas. The results indicated highly disjunctive approaches among countries forming part of the TFCAs, leading to many undesirable feedback loops. The decision-making processes of each country component of the two TFCAs were then analyzed separately, using a “governance” capability maturity model to determine the effectiveness of current management practices. A “collaboration” maturity model was used to identify gaps in the information sharing, decision making and patterns of interaction among the different stakeholders of each of the two TFCAs, indicating institutional and decision-making flaws in the current system. Some recommendations are provided to improve these in order to overcome current failures in the three dimensions of a TFCA. ii PREFACE This dissertation is an original intellectual product of the author, A.S. Malan. The fieldwork reported in Chapters three to seven was approved by the University of British Columbia’s Research Ethics Board (Certificate number H11-02012). Anna Susanna Malan identified the research problem and methodologies, made the field contacts, identified collaborating organizations, collected the data and conducted the data analyses independently. Only the final field trip to Zimbabwe was organized with the assistance of Dr. Clara Bocchino (Animal Health for the Environment and Development (AHEAD) Greater Limpopo TFCA Coordinator); all other field trips were organized by the student. The mental model workshops described in Chapter four were facilitated by Dr Marisa Coetzee, Mpumalanga Parks and Tourism Association and Mr. Harry Biggs, South African National Parks, with Malan assisting with the facilitation of five of these workshops. The outcomes of these workshops were published as an internal report to the South African Department of Environmental Affairs, and was officially presented on November 16th, 2012 (Coetzee M., Biggs H.C., and Malan S. Sharing the benefits of biodiversity: a regional action plan to nurture and sustain the contribution of biodiversity and ecosystem services to livelihoods and resilient economic development within the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere). The research, or parts of it, was presented at the following scientific conferences: the 10th, 11th and 12th Annual Savannah Scientific Network Meetings in 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively; the 11th and 12th AHEAD Working Group Meetings in 2011 and 2014; and the Europe, Middle East and Africa Chapter of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) Conference in 2014. The latter’s conference proceedings published the paper written jointly by Malan and Innes (Using systems thinking to inform natural resource governance), awarding the authors with the Ad Sparrius Best Paper trophy. In revising and editing the thesis, the supervisory committee consisting of Dr John L. Innes, Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Dr Robert A. Kozak, Professor at the Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, and Dr Peter Dauvergne, Professor of Political Science, and Director of the Liu Institute for Global Issues, University of British Columbia, made valuable contributions that improved the quality of the thesis. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... ii Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. viii List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ x Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... xi 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Problem Statement ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Research Question and Objectives ............................................................................................... 2 1.3. Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4. Structure of the Thesis .................................................................................................................. 8 1.5. Limitations of the Research .......................................................................................................... 8 1.6. Some Definitions ........................................................................................................................... 9 2. Literature Review ................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1. Resource Governance ................................................................................................................. 11 2.2. Conservation Influences in Africa ............................................................................................... 20 2.2.1. Conservation Paradigms ..................................................................................................... 20 2.2.2. Transfrontier Conservation ................................................................................................. 22 2.2.3. Transfrontier Conservation in Africa ................................................................................... 25 2.2.4. Learning from Transboundary Examples Worldwide: ........................................................ 27 2.3. Community-based Conservation ................................................................................................ 33 2.4. Decision Making in Complex Systems ......................................................................................... 35 3. Study Area .......................................................................................................................................... 40 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 40 3.2. Geographical Location and Biophysical Information .................................................................. 41 3.3. Cultural and Historical Background ............................................................................................ 44 iv 3.4. Institutional Arrangements ......................................................................................................... 47 4. Socio-economic Dimension ................................................................................................................. 49 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 49 4.2. Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 50 4.3. Results and Discussion According to Attributes ......................................................................... 56 4.3.1. Who are the Stakeholders?................................................................................................. 56 4.3.2. Some Results and Comments Following the Meta-Study of CBNRM Literature ................ 58 4.3.3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Multiple Polyploidy Events in the Early Radiation of Nodulating And
    Multiple Polyploidy Events in the Early Radiation of Nodulating and Nonnodulating Legumes Steven B. Cannon,*,y,1 Michael R. McKain,y,2,3 Alex Harkess,y,2 Matthew N. Nelson,4,5 Sudhansu Dash,6 Michael K. Deyholos,7 Yanhui Peng,8 Blake Joyce,8 Charles N. Stewart Jr,8 Megan Rolf,3 Toni Kutchan,3 Xuemei Tan,9 Cui Chen,9 Yong Zhang,9 Eric Carpenter,7 Gane Ka-Shu Wong,7,9,10 Jeff J. Doyle,11 and Jim Leebens-Mack2 1USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 2Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia 3Donald Danforth Plant Sciences Center, St Louis, MO 4The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia 5The School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia 6Virtual Reality Application Center, Iowa State University 7Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada 8Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee Downloaded from 9BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China 10Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada 11L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University yThese authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/ Associate editor:BrandonGaut Abstract Unresolved questions about evolution of the large and diverselegumefamilyincludethetiming of polyploidy (whole- genome duplication; WGDs) relative to the origin of the major lineages within the Fabaceae and to the origin of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Previous work has established that a WGD affects most lineages in the Papilionoideae and occurred sometime after the divergence of the papilionoid and mimosoid clades, but the exact timing has been unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaea, Bacteria and Termite, Nitrogen Fixation and Sustainable Plants Production
    Sun W et al . (2021) Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Volume 49, Issue 2, Article number 12172 Notulae Botanicae Horti AcademicPres DOI:10.15835/nbha49212172 Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Re view Article Archaea, bacteria and termite, nitrogen fixation and sustainable plants production Wenli SUN 1a , Mohamad H. SHAHRAJABIAN 1a , Qi CHENG 1,2 * 1Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] ; [email protected] 2Hebei Agricultural University, College of Life Sciences, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; [email protected] (*corresponding author) a,b These authors contributed equally to the work Abstract Certain bacteria and archaea are responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. Metabolic pathways usually are common between archaea and bacteria. Diazotrophs are categorized into two main groups namely: root- nodule bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Diazotrophs include free living bacteria, such as Azospirillum , Cupriavidus , and some sulfate reducing bacteria, and symbiotic diazotrophs such Rhizobium and Frankia . Three types of nitrogenase are iron and molybdenum (Fe/Mo), iron and vanadium (Fe/V) or iron only (Fe). The Mo-nitrogenase have a higher specific activity which is expressed better when Molybdenum is available. The best hosts for Rhizobium legumiosarum are Pisum , Vicia , Lathyrus and Lens ; Trifolium for Rhizobium trifolii ; Phaseolus vulgaris , Prunus angustifolia for Rhizobium phaseoli ; Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella for Rhizobium meliloti ; Lupinus and Ornithopus for Lupini, and Glycine max for Rhizobium japonicum . Termites have significant key role in soil ecology, transporting and mixing soil. Termite gut microbes supply the enzymes required to degrade plant polymers, synthesize amino acids, recycle nitrogenous waste and fix atmospheric nitrogen.
    [Show full text]
  • Whole Genome and Segmental Duplications Underlie Glutamine Synthetase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Diversity in Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus Angustifolius L.)
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article A Tale of Two Families: Whole Genome and Segmental Duplications Underlie Glutamine Synthetase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Diversity in Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Katarzyna B. Czy˙z 1,* , Michał Ksi ˛a˙zkiewicz 2 , Grzegorz Koczyk 1 , Anna Szczepaniak 2, Jan Podkowi ´nski 3 and Barbara Naganowska 2 1 Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (B.N.) 3 Department of Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 February 2020; Accepted: 6 April 2020; Published: 8 April 2020 Abstract: Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) has recently been supplied with advanced genomic resources and, as such, has become a well-known model for molecular evolutionary studies within the legume family—a group of plants able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. The phylogenetic position of lupins in Papilionoideae and their evolutionary distance to other higher plants facilitates the use of this model species to improve our knowledge on genes involved in nitrogen assimilation and primary metabolism, providing novel contributions to our understanding of the evolutionary history of legumes. In this study, we present a complex characterization of two narrow-leafed lupin gene families—glutamine synthetase (GS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). We combine a comparative analysis of gene structures and a synteny-based approach with phylogenetic reconstruction and reconciliation of the gene family and species history in order to examine events underlying the extant diversity of both families.
    [Show full text]
  • Luxury Botswana Safari Tours and Botswana Safaris
    BOTSWANA Luxury Botswana Safari Tours Botswana Safaris Over the past 15 years, Botswana has emerged as one of the most exclusive and authentic safari destinations in southern Africa. Bolstered by a stable government committed to conservation of its precious wildlife areas, Botswana boasts a wide array of well regulated and preserved ecosystems making it the ideal country to plan your Luxury African safari tours. Two thirds of the land consists of arid Kalahari desert unsuitable for agriculture making for a unique African wildlife safari experience. Out of this desert landscape arises an incredible example of nature’s unpredictability: the Okavango Delta. Okavango Delta is a must for Luxury Botswana Safari Tours, fans out across Botswana’s north- western corner and creates a paradise of islands and lagoons teeming with birds and wildlife making it the ideal destination for a Botswana safari tour. In the northeast, the famous Chobe National Park supports great concentrations of Elephant and Buffalo making the ideal place for boating and land-based safaris. In the southeast the Tuli Block, supports some of Botswana’s only commercial farming along with magnificent game reserves and offers unique horseback riding safaris as well as cycling safaris. Linyanti Game Reserve lies to the northeast of the Okavango Delta famed for its huge herds of elephant. The bulk of the concession is comprised of different Mopane woodland associations, with a strip of riparian forest and floodplain. Looking for a unique and completely different Botswana safari experience? Visit Makgadikgadi Salt Pans to enjoy nature drives on the pans, quad biking adventures, visits to the regions gigantic Baobab trees, and up close encounters with real colonies of wild meerkats.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Use Change and Bordering in the Greater
    LAND USE CHANGE AND BORDERING IN THE GREATER MAPUNGUBWE TRANSFRONTIER CONSERVATION AREA Ndidzulafhi Innocent Sinthumule Thesis Presented for the Degree of UniversityDOCTOR OF of PHILOSOPHY Cape Town Department of Environmental and Geographical Science Faculty of Science UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN March 2014 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town DECLARATION I, Ndidzulafhi Innocent Sinthumule, declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that it has not been previously submitted for a degree or any other qualification at this University or any other institution. Signed:------------------------------------------------------ Date:--------------------------------------------------------- i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The accomplishment of this thesis was a major undertaking that could not have been duly accomplished without the unselfish contribution of many individuals some of whom are worth mentioning here. I am extremely grateful to my promoter Professor Maano Ramutsindela for supervising this thesis. His guidance and support at all stages of the research work has really been invaluable. His constructive academic criticisms of the earlier drafts of the thesis have been very instrumental in making the thesis attain its present shape. I express my gratitude for the knowledge of transfrontier conservation area that I gained from Johan Verhoef then international coordinator of Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Pretoria Etd – Nsingo, SAM (2005)
    University of Pretoria etd – Nsingo, S A M (2005) - 181 - CHAPTER FOUR THE PROFILE, STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS OF THE BEITBRIDGE RURAL DISTRICT COUNCIL INTRODUCTION This chapter describes the basic features of the Beitbridge District. It looks at the organisation of the Beitbridge Rural District Council and explores its operations as provided in the Rural District Councils Act of 1988 and the by-laws of council. The chapter then looks at performance measurement in the public sector and local government, in particular. This is followed by a discussion of democratic participation, service provision and managerial excellence including highlights of their relevance to this study. BEITBRIDGE DISTRICT PROFILE The Beitbridge District is located in the most southern part of Zimbabwe. It is one of the six districts of Matebeleland South province. It shares borders with Botswana in the west, South Africa in the south, Mwenezi District from the north to the east, and Gwanda District in the northwest. Its geographical area is a result of amalgamating the Beitbridge District Council and part of the Mwenezi- Beitbridge Rural District Council. The other part of the latter was amalgamated with the Mwenezi District to form what is now the Mwenezi District Council. Significant to note, from the onset, is that Beitbridge District is one of the least developed districts in Zimbabwe. Worse still, it is located in region five (5), which is characterized by poor rainfall and very hot conditions. As such, it is not suitable for crop farming, although this takes place through irrigation schemes. University of Pretoria etd – Nsingo, S A M (2005) - 182 - The district is made up of an undulating landscape with shrubs, isolated hills and four big rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • Provisional Constitutional Referendum Polling Stations 16 March 2013 Matabeleland South Province
    Matabeleland South Provisional Constitutional Referendum Polling Stations 16 March 2013 Matabeleland South Province DISTRICT CONSTITUENCY LOCAL AUTHORITY WARD# POLLING STATIONS FACILITY Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 1 Chikwalakwala Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 1 Chipise Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 1 Chitulipasi Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 1 Lungowe Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 1 Malabe Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 2 Chabili Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 2 Chapongwe Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 2 Dite Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 2 Lukumbwe Dip Tank Tent Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 2 Panda Mine Tent Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 2 Lukange Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 3 Chaswingo Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 3 Fula Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 3 Madaulo Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 3 Makombe Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge East Beitbridge RDC 3 Mandate Primary School Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge West Beitbridge RDC 4 Jopembe Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge West Beitbridge RDC 4 Mgaladivha Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge West Beitbridge RDC 4 Manazwe Area Tent Beitbridge Beitbridge West Beitbridge RDC 4 Matshiloni Primary School Beitbridge Beitbridge
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin and Early Evolution of the Legumes Are a Complex
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/577957; this version posted March 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 The Origin and Early Evolution of the Legumes are a 2 Complex Paleopolyploid Phylogenomic Tangle closely 3 associated with the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) Boundary 4 5 Running head: 6 Phylogenomic complexity and polyploidy in legumes 7 8 Authors: 9 Erik J.M. Koenen1*, Dario I. Ojeda2,3, Royce Steeves4,5, Jérémy Migliore2, Freek T. 10 Bakker6, Jan J. Wieringa7, Catherine Kidner8,9, Olivier Hardy2, R. Toby Pennington8,10, 11 Patrick S. Herendeen11, Anne Bruneau4 and Colin E. Hughes1 12 13 1 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 14 Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland 15 2 Service Évolution Biologique et Écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de 16 Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium 17 3 Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien 8, 1433 Ås, Norway 18 4 Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques, 19 Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada 20 5 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Center, 343 Université Ave, Moncton, NB 21 E1C 5K4, Canada 22 6 Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, 23 Wageningen, The Netherlands 24 7 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands 25 8 Royal Botanic Gardens, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Proposed Vhembe-Dongola National Park, Limpopo Province, South Africa
    gotze.qxd 2005/12/09 10:52 Page 45 Analysis of the riparian vegetation (Ia land type) of the proposed Vhembe-Dongola National Park, Limpopo Province, South Africa A.R. GÖTZE, S.S. CILLIERS, H. BEZUIDENHOUT and K. KELLNER A.R. Götze, S.S. Cilliers, H. Bezuidenhout and K. Kellner. 2003. Analysis of the ripar- ian vegetation (Ia land type) of the proposed Vhembe-Dongola National Park, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Koedoe 46(2): 45-64. Pretoria. ISSN 0075-6458. The establishment of the Vhembe-Dongola National Park has been an objective of sev- eral conservationists for many years. The ultimate objective is that this park would become a major component of a transfrontier park shared by Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa. The aim of this study was to identify, classify and describe the plant com- munities present in the Ia land type of the proposed area for the park. Sampling was done by means of the Braun-Blanquet method. A total of 70 stratified random relevés were sampled in the Ia land type. All relevé data was imported into the database TUR- BOVEG after which the numerical classification technique TWINSPAN was used as a first approximation. Subsequently Braun-Blanquet procedures were used to refine data and a phytosociological table was constructed, using the visual editor, MEGATAB. From the phytosociological table four plant communities were identified and described in the Ia land type. The ordination algorithm, DECORANA, was applied to the floristic data in order to illustrate floristic relationships between plant communities, to detect possible gradients in and between communities and to detect possible habitat gradients and/or disturbance gradients associated with vegetation gradients.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstructing the Deep-Branching Relationships of the Papilionoid Legumes
    SAJB-00941; No of Pages 18 South African Journal of Botany xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes D. Cardoso a,⁎, R.T. Pennington b, L.P. de Queiroz a, J.S. Boatwright c, B.-E. Van Wyk d, M.F. Wojciechowski e, M. Lavin f a Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (HUEFS), Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil b Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, EH5 3LR Edinburgh, UK c Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, \ Bellville, South Africa d Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, 2006 Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa e School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA f Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA article info abstract Available online xxxx Resolving the phylogenetic relationships of the deep nodes of papilionoid legumes (Papilionoideae) is essential to understanding the evolutionary history and diversification of this economically and ecologically important legume Edited by J Van Staden subfamily. The early-branching papilionoids include mostly Neotropical trees traditionally circumscribed in the tribes Sophoreae and Swartzieae. They are more highly diverse in floral morphology than other groups of Keywords: Papilionoideae. For many years, phylogenetic analyses of the Papilionoideae could not clearly resolve the relation- Leguminosae ships of the early-branching lineages due to limited sampling.
    [Show full text]
  • Beitbridge Rural District Council Strategic Plan (2016-2020)
    BEITBRIDGE RURAL DISTRICT COUNCIL STRATEGIC PLAN (2016-2020) i i. FOREWORD FROM THE COUNCIL CHAIRPERSON The Strategic Plan (2016-2020) is the main document that has been produced by the Beit Bridge Rural District Council (RDC) with support from its development partners. The plan was produced with involvement and effective participation of the Rural District Development Committee (RDDC), Rural District Councillors, Traditional Leaders, Business CommunityResidents Association and Council Staff.The plan is a review of the Beitbridge Rural District Council Strategic Plan (2014 – 2018). An early review of this plan was prompted by the need to align the rural district’s operations to the Central Government’s economic blue print called the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation (ZimAsset), and the need to plan for the prevailing socio-economic environment. The overall aim of this Plan is to contribute to the national guiding vision, which is thriving ‘Towards an Empowered Society and a Growing Economy”The core strategic goals were aligned to the Zim Asset pillars (or clusters), namely,Food Security and Nutrition; Social Services and Poverty Eradication; Infrastructure and Utilities; and Value Addition and Beneficiation. Additional goals were crafted as deemed necessary, and these relate to the strengthening of local government institutions, formation of partnerships, mobilization of resources and the creation of Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation system. The plan becomes the principal guide of all development activities by BeitBridge Rural District Council, and will guide all operations involved in the development by Beitbridge Rural District Council in the next five years.The successful implementation of this plan will depend onthe commitment by relevant stakeholders and support from all leaders in the district.
    [Show full text]
  • Membership of the Zimbabwe National Cbnrm Forum
    COMMUNITY BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT COMMUNITY BASED NATURAL RESOURCESTOCKTAKING MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT ZIMBABWE PROFILE STOCKTAKING ASSESSMENT ZIMBABWE PROFILE MARCH 2010 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI in collaboration with World Wildlife Fund, Inc. (WWF). COMMUNITY BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STOCKTAKING ASSESSMENT ZIMBABWE PROFILE Program Title: Capitalizing Knowledge, Connecting Communities Program (CK2C) Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Office of Acquisition and Assistance Contract Number: EPP-I-00-06-00021-00/01 Contractor: DAI Date of Publication: March 2010 Author: David Mazambani and Priscilla Dembetembe Collaborating Partner: COPASSA project implemented by World Wildlife Fund, Inc. (WWF); Associate Cooperative Agreement Number: EPP-A-00-00004-00; Leader with Associate Award Number:LAG-A-00-99-00048-00 The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... XV PART 1: HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF CBNRM .................. 1 1. HISTORY OF CBNRM PROGRAM .................................................................................... 1 1.1 PRE-1988 CBNRM STATUS .............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Pre-Colonial Period
    [Show full text]