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"Push to Talk" : Comunicación Al Instante

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No. de tesis: 103 TESIS presentada a 1 Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superion:~s de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México fl.11"ª la obtención del grado de MAESTRO EN A.DMINISTRACl()N DE LAS TELEC:OMUNICACIONJES pa: Enrique Alberto Romero Rosales "Push to Talk'~' Comunicación al instante Defendida el 29 de Vlarzo del 2006antc el comité de tesis: Asesor: Dr. Francisco .Javier Cuevas Ordaz Prn/i.1ordel /'l'l:'Si\!-CSF Sinodales: Dr. José Ra1rní11 i\lvarez Bada Proj(·.rnr del /Tl:'SM-( '( J/ Dr. Alfonso Parra Rodriguez l'm¡i,,n,· del !Tl:SM-CC\J Tr,1bc1jo ei"cctu,1du al seno de la Escuela de Cir,1duadl1s en lngL:niería y J\rquitec1urc1 del l11s111u10 Tecnolug1cn y de Lstudios Superiores de i\1onterrey Campus Ciudad de \kxiL'\l '(Le 1i, '1\~f:>50S­ tb5 CJ-oo fo i\gratk,i111i,111os Agradecin1ientos ----------------- Indice Indice Acrónin1os ............................................................................................................................. i Introducción General ......................................................................................................... 1 Capítulo 1: Evolución de las redes Celulares 1.1 Introducción .................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Evolución de los sistemas celulares ........................................ .. ............. .. .. ..................... 5 1.2. I Primera Generación 1.2.2 Segunda Generación 1.2.3 Generación 2.5 I .3 Tercera Generación (3G) ................................................................................................. 9 1.4 Propuestas para el estándar 3G .................................................................. 1O 1.4. I "Widcband Code Oivision Multimplex Accesss" (WCOMA) 1.4.2 'Time Oivision Multiplex Access" (TOMA) Avanzado 1.4.3 "Hybrid Code Oivision Multiplex Access" (COMA)/ 'Time Oivision Multiple x Access" (TOMA) 1.4.4 "Orthogonal Frecuency Oivision Multiplexing" (OFOM) 1.4.5 "Internacional Mobile Telecommunications 2000" (IMT -2000) l.5 'Third General Partership Project'' (3G PP) ............ .. .. .. .. ............ .. .. .. ... .. ....................... 13 l.6 'Third General Partership Project 11" (3GPP2) ...................................................... .. ... 14 I. 7 Conclusión ............... .. ............................................... ..................................................... 15 Capítulo II Migración hacia una 1red de Tercera Generación 11.1 Introducción .................................................................................. ............................... 17 11.2 Red ~lular .................................................................................................................. 17 11.3 Nuevos elementos de la red en COMA 2000 .... .......................................................... 19 11.3.1 Estación móvil 11.3.2 Sitio celular 11.3.3 "Network protocol stack" 11.3.4 "Transf'cr control ¡rntocol" (TCP y UDP) I11Jicé 11.3.5 .. Point to point protocor (PPP y RLP) 11.3.6 ··Packct control runction" (PCF) 11.3.7 ··rackct data scrving nodc" (PDSN) 11.3.8 '·Authentication, Authorization and Account suppo11" (AAA) 11.3.9 '·(fome AgenC' (HA) 11.3. l O Autenticación, Autorización y Contabilidad 11.4 Interfaces de los nuevos elementos de red ................................................................... 2 7 11.5 Administración de la movilidad de los servicios de paquetes de datos ....................... 29 11.5.1 "Handoff packet control function and packet data switching rode" 11.5.2 "'I-landoffbetween PDSN 's" 11.5.3 "lnter - PDSN fast handoff' 11.5.4 Modelo de una red CDMA2000 3GPP2 11.6 Operación de los canales de tráfico ............................................................................. 3 6 11.7 Configuración y negociación de los canales de tráfico ............................................... 3 6 11.8 Transmisión de datos y de voz en los canales de 11 ático ............................................. 37 11.8.l Asignación hacia delante del canal secundario (fo1ward SCI-1) 11.8.2 Asignación hacia atrás del canal secundario (reverse SCH) 11.8.3 Control de admisión y asignación de los canales de tráfico 11.9 Procesamiento de una llamada en IS2000 .................... .. .. .. .... .. ................................... 44 11. 9.1 Estado de inicialización del móvil 11.9.2 Estado disponible del móvil 11.9.2.1 Monitoreando el "forward commun and broadcast channef' 11.9.2.2 Monitoreando los mensajes "1:rnadcast in the forward and paging channef' (F-PCI-1) 11.9. 2.3 Monitorcando los mensajes "'broadcast in the forward broadcast control channel F-BCCH y forward common control channel F-CCCI I" 11.9.2.4 Monitorcando el "quick paging channcf' 11.9.2.5 Respuesta a la información de encabezado 11.9.3 Estado de acceso al sistema !1.9.3.1 Registración l l.! O Resumen de n~joréls de IS -95 a 3G- IX .......................................... .. .......... .. ............. 52 11.10.1 ··Uplink pilut channel" 11.10.2 Turbo codi!ic1dur lndi..:..: 11.10.3 '·Forward power control" 11.10.4 Los canales suplementarios 11.11 Conclusión ....................................................................................... 54 Capítulo III Consolidación de "Push to Talk" (PTT) en una red Celular 111.1 Intrcxlucción 2. PTT ..................................................................................................... 55 111.2 PTT Application Server (AS) .................................................................................... 56 111.2.1 "Cal! session management" 111.2.2 Funciones del servidor de aplicaciones PTT 111.2.3 Enrutamiento de irticiones 111.2.4 "Session initialization ¡rotocol" (SIP) 111.2.5 "Floor control" 111.2.6 Protocolos en el PTT AS lll.2.6.1 Interface de aire CDMA 2000 lll.2.6.2 "Radio Link Protocof' (RLP) III.:2.6.2 "Point to Point Protocol" (PPP) III.2.6.3 "Internet Protocol" (IP) Ill.2.6.4 "User Datagram Protocol" (UDP) IIl.2.6.5 "Real-Time Protocol" (RTP) IIl.3 Agente de Servicios (SA) ........................................................................................... 64 111.3.1 Arquitectura del SA III.3.1.1 Servicios de direccionamiento basado en SIP 111.3.1.2 Infraestructura de ¡resencia 111.3.1.3 Infraestructura de chtos 111.3.2 Arquitectura lógica 111.3.2.1 Agrupamiento por funcionalidad IIl.3.2.1.1 "Edge ¡roxy' 111..3 .2. 1.2 "Data storage server" 111.3 .2.1.3 ''Presence server" 111.3.2.1.4 "Data g1teway' 111.3.3 tvhrco de reportes 111.3 .3.1 Bitácora (logs) de mensajes SI P 111.3.3. 1. 1 Bitácora generales Indice 111.3.3.1.2 l3i1úcora para facturación 111.3.3.2 Datos para la operación 111.3.3. 3 Destino para los mensajes de bitúcora "logs" 111.3 .3.4 Rotación lk los archivos de bit;ícora '·log" 111.3.3.5 "Fail-ovcr logs" 111.3.4 Marco de escalabilidad 111.3.4.1 Pa11icionamiento del cliente 111.3.4.2 Pa11icionamiento de funciones 111.3.5 Marco de Seguridad 111.3.5.1 Asegurando la interfaz del móvil en la red SIP 111.3.5.1.1 Autenticación 111.3 .5. 1.2 Prevención de accesos no autorizados 111.3.5.1.3 Manejo de los ataques 111.3.5.2 Asegurado la red SIP del acceso de otras redes 111.3.5.3 Seguridad de servidor a servidor 111.3.6 Marco de disponibilidad 111.4 Solución PTT e Implementación ............................................................... .. ..... .. ........ 82 111.4.1 Consideraciones g:neralcs 111.4.2 Diseño en dos POP's III .4.2.1 Arquitectura µ·opuesta para el SA 111.4.3 Teléfonos en la red de PTT (MS. mobile station - teléfonos) 111.4.4 Balanceador de carga ( load bilancer) 111.4.5 Registro e inicio de una llamada 111.4.6 Establecimiento de una llamada entre POP' s (call-setup between POP's) 111.4.7 Establecimiento ce llamadas grupales "call-setup'' 111.4.8 Detalles del flujo de llamadas 111.4. 9 Problemas comunes 111.5 Conclusión ...................... .. .... .. .... .. .............................................................................. 97 Capítulo IV La comunicadún al instante. l\'. l Introducción .............................................................. ................................................. 99 IV.2 Establecimicnlo<lc una llamada PTT .................................... .................. 100 IV .3 Retardo en el establecimiento dc la llanrnda ....................... .. .. .... ... ........ 102 Indice IV.4 Retardo en la red de IX ................................. .. .. ......... ... .. .................................... .. .. 104 IV.4.1 Retardo en la celda 1V .4.1.1 Capacidad de recursos de 3G en la celda. IV.4.2 Retardo en la central de conmutación IV.4.3 Retardo en la red de 3G IV.5.Retardo en el PTT "Application Server"................................................................. 109 IV.6 Retardo en el 'Service Agent" ................................. .. ... ....... .................................. 113 IV.7 Resultados .................................................................................... 118 IV.7 Conclusión .............................................................................................................. 120 Capítulo V. V.! Introduce ión ......................................................... ........ .. ................... ........................ 121 V.2 El mercado mexicano .............................................................................................. 121 V .3 La tendencia del mercado rrcxicano en el 2004 ...................................................... 122 Y .3 .1 La tendencia de las empresas móviles en el mercado m~xicano en el 2004 Y.3.2
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