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The Trout River in Montgomery Is the First River (A One Mile Segment) to Be Restored Under the Program, with Several More Awaiting Additional Resources

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The Trout River in Montgomery Is the First River (A One Mile Segment) to Be Restored Under the Program, with Several More Awaiting Additional Resources The Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation is an equal opportunity agency and offers all persons the benefits of participating in each of its programs and competing in all areas of employment regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, sexual preference, or other non-merit factors. This document is available upon request in large print, braille or audio cassette. VT Relay Service for the Hearing Impaired 1-800-253-0191 TDD>Voice - 1-800-253-0195 Voice>TDD STATE OF VERMONT 2000 WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT 305(B) REPORT Agency of Natural Resources Department of Environmental Conservation Water Quality Division Waterbury, Vermont 05671-0408 June, 2000 COMMISSONERS OFFICE 103 South Main Street Waterbury, VT 05671-0401 802-241-3800 June, 2000 Dear Reader: It is with a great deal of pleasure that I present to you Vermont's 2000 Water Quality Assessment [305(b)] Report. The report is required by Congress by Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act. This water quality assessment summarizes Vermont’s water quality conditions for 1998 and 1999 and includes updated water resources program information for rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, wetlands and groundwater. The report contains detailed water quality information from round 2 of the rotational assessment, including the Poultney/Mettawee River watersheds, the Ottauquechee/Black River watersheds and the Stevens/Wells/Waits/ Ompompanoosuc River watersheds. The report also includes updated cost/benefit information, monitoring, beach closures, among other information. The water quality assessment found that 78% of Vermont’s total assessed river and stream miles (5,261 miles assessed) fully support all water uses. Of 53,350 lake acres assessed, 22,940 acres (43% of lake acres assessed) fully support all uses. If the EPA guidelines regarding the fish consumption advisory were applied in their strictest sense, none of the state’s surface waters would fully support water uses. However, states have been advised to assess their waters without the advisory so other polluting sources would not be “masked” by the mercury advisory. Common pollutants found in the assessed waterbodies include silt, pathogens and nutrients, which come from eroding stream/lake banks, urban areas and agricultural lands. Additional causes of pollution occurring in certain of the state’s watersheds include thermal modifications, organic enrichment/low dissolved oxygen, flow alterations, habitat alterations metals, noxious aquatic plants, and exotic species. Sources of these pollutants include atmospheric deposition, natural sources, flow regulation and habitat alterations, among others. Many of Vermont’s lakes and rivers have been cleaned up by construction of approximately 150 municipal and industrial waste water treatment facilities. However, as you can see from the figures above, much work needs to be done to complete the clean-up job - primarily to reduce pollution from nonpoint, or dispersed sources. We are indeed fortunate to have many volunteer groups around the state to assist us in this important work. As of last count, there were active watershed or lay monitoring groups on approximately 26 rivers, 31 lakes and 36 Lake Champlain stations. Their work is truly needed and greatly appreciated. Your comments on the report or other comments or suggestions on ways to improve Vermont's water resources are always welcome. Please write to me or call me at the above phone number. Sincerely, Canute E. Dalmasse Commissioner CED:jm enclosure TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ........................................................... i List of Tables .............................................................. iii List of Figures ............................................................. iv List of Appendices ...........................................................v List of Acronyms Used in This Document ........................................ vi Foreword ................................................................vii PART I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY/OVERVIEW - Background .................................................. I-1 - Overall Description of Vermont Water Quality ........................ I-1 - Water Pollution Control Program .................................. I-2 - Cost Benefit Assessment ......................................... I-4 - Special State Concerns and Recommendations ........................ I-4 - Current Surface Water Quality Monitoring Program .................... I-4 - Plan for Achieving Comprehensive Assessments ....................... I-5 - Assessment Methodology ........................................ I-5 - Section 303(d) Waters .......................................... I-6 - Rivers & Streams Water Quality Assessment ......................... I-6 - Lakes & Ponds Water Quality Assessment ........................... I-6 - Rotating Basin Assessment ( Specific Watersheds) ..................... 1-6 - Wetlands .................................................... I-7 - Public Health Concerns .......................................... 1-7 - Ground Water ................................................ I-7 PART II: BACKGROUND 1. Vermont's Surface Water Resources ...............................II-1 - Total waters/Mapping ...............II-2 2. Water Pollution Control Program .................................II-3 - Watershed Approach ................II-3 - Water Quality Standards ..............II-3 - Point Source Control Program .........II-6 3. Nonpoint Source Control Program ...............................II-10 - Section 319 Special Projects ..........II-10 - Section 604(b) ....................II-12 - Section 104(b)(3) ..................II-12 - Other Federal Sources ..............II-13 - Lake Champlain Steering Committee & Management Conference .............II-13 - State Sources ........................ II-14 4. Cost/Benefit Assessment .......................................II-18 - Point Sources/CSOs ................II-18 - Nonpoint Sources ..................II-19 i 5. Special State Concerns and Recommendations ......................II-22 PART III: SURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT 1. Current Surface Water Monitoring Program III-1 S Overview ................................................... III-1 S Surface Water Quality Monitoring Activities ......................... III-1 -- Data Interpretation and Communication ............................ III-3 S Plan for Achieving Comprehensive Assessments ..................... III-3 2. Assessment Methodology and Summary Data ........................... III-4 S Rotational Watershed Assessment ................................ III-4 S Rivers Biological Assessments ................................... III-5 S Use Support Determinations for Rivers & Streams .................... III-6 S Use Support Determinations for Lakes & Ponds ..................... III-10 S Maps ..................................................... III-12 S Section 303(d) Waters ........................................ III-12 3. Rivers and Streams Water Quality Assessment .......................... III-14 S Statewide Water Quality Assessment/Designated Use Support .......... III-14 S Individual Use Support Summary ............................... III-14 S Causes and Sources of Pollutants ................................ III-15 S Assessment of Causes of Impairment III-16 S Assessment of Sources of Impairment III-17 4. Lakes and Ponds Water Quality Assessment ............................ III-20 S Assessment of Statewide Use Support for Inland Vermont Lakes III-20 S Assessment of Causes of Use Support Impairment for Inland Vermont Lakes III-21 - Assessment of Sources of Use Support Impairment for Inland Vermont Lakes ..................................... III-23 - Synthesis: A Summary of Major Impacts and Threats to Uses of Inland Vermont Lakes ..................................... III-25 5. Round Two Rotating Basin Assessments III-27 S Basin 2. The Poultney-Mettawee Basin ............................ III-27 S Basin 10. The Ottauquechee and Black River Basin .................. III-29 S Basin 14. The Stevens, Wells, Waits & Ompompanoosuc River Basin .... III-32 6. Wetlands Information ............................................. III-34 S Background ................................................ III-34 S Extent of Wetland Resources ................................... III-34 S Wetland Loss ............................................... III-34 S Wetlands Protection Mechanisms ................................ III-35 7. Public Health Concerns ........................................... III-39 S Size of Water Affected by Toxicants .............................. III-39 S Public Health Impacts ......................................... III-39 S Restrictions on Bathing Areas ................................... III-40 S Data Source III-40 S Restrictions on Surface Drinking Water Supplies .................... III-41 ii PART IV: GROUND WATER ASSESSMENT - Groundwater Importance ....................................... IV-1 LIST OF TABLES Table II.1.1 Atlas .....................................................II-1 Table II.2.1 Summary of Classified Uses and Values ..........................II-5 Table II.2.2 Phosphorus Reduction Projects - Status ..........................II-7 Table II.2.3 Combined Sewer Overflow Correction - Status II-8 Table II.2.4 Municipal Pollution Control Project Starts ........................II-9 Table III.3.1 Statewide Overall & Individual Use Support Summary - Rivers & Streams ...................................... III-11 Table III.3.2 Statewide Total
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