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Northern Vermont

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Welcome to Northern Vermont 11 Introduction 11 Geography and Geology 14 Natural History 19 Northern Vermont History 27 General Topics 29 Parking and Access 29 Customs 29 Water Regime and Prediction 31 Water Quality 32 Fishing Pressure 34 Stocking 35 Regulations 36 Basic Equipment 38 Flies 38 The Fish 43 Landlocked Salmon 43 Brook Trout 48 Rainbow Trout 51 Steelhead 52 Brown Trout 55 Smallmouth Bass 57 Incidental Catches 59 Common Carp 59 Fallfish 61 Lake Trout 61 Walleye 62 Largemouth Bass 63 The Fishing Seasons 65 Spring Fishing 65 Summer Fishing 67 Fall Fishing 70 Winter Fishing 72 It Is Flooding! 75 Headwaters 77 Lake Outlets 77 Gihon River at Eden Mills 78 Outlet of Echo Lake at East Charleston 78 Green River at Garfield 78 Marginal Lake Outlets 79 Clyde River Lower Stem 79 Upper Stem of the Missisquoi River 80 Other Small Rivers to Do... Later 81 Two Big Rivers to Avoid... Until Much Later 81 Stream Gages 83 When Things Get Really Rough 83 Another Nice Day in Northern Vermont... Too Bad 85 Go for Gorges 85 Finding Shade 86 Lamoille Watershed 87 Memphremagog Watershed 87 Missisquoi Watershed 88 Lamoille River Watershed 91 Lamoille River Headwaters 95 Horse Pond, Long Pond and Flagg Ponds 96 Lamoille River at The Four Corners 97 Lamoille River at Greensboro Bend 98 Stannard Brook 100 Greensboro Brook 101 Lamoille River at East Hardwick 103 Haynesville Brook 107 Porter Brook 110 Nichols Brook 111 Cooper Brook 115 Lamoille River at Hardwick 116 Lamoille River Downstream of Hardwick 116 Main Stem of the Lamoille River 120 Lamoille River from Wolcott to Morrisville 122 Lamoille River at Wolcott 123 Elmore Branch 124 Wolcott Pond Brook 127 The Lamoille River Downstream of Wolcott 128 Lamoille River at Elmore Pond Brook 129 Elmore Pond Brook 131 Rodman Brook 133 Lamoille River at Morrisville 134 Lamoille River from Morrisville to Waterville 136 Lamoille River at Hyde Park – Cadys Falls and Ten Bends 137 Kenfield Brook 139 Centerville Brook 142 Waterman Brook 145 Lamoille River at Johnson 148 Foote Branch 150 Smith Brook 153 Lamoille River at Ithiel Falls 155 Lamoille River from Waterville to Fairfax Falls 157 Lamoille River at Jeffersonville 158 Brewster River 160 Lamoille River at Cambridge 163 Seymour River 165 Beaver Brook 169 Wild Branch 170 Headwaters 173 Lower Section 176 Baldin Brook and the Ponds 178 Tamarack Brook 180 Green River 183 Upper Section 186 Lower Section 187 Gihon River 191 Gihon River Headwaters 194 Dark Branch 197 Gihon River at Eden 197 White Branch 198 Stony Brook 199 Main Stem of the Gihon River 201 Gihon River at North Hyde Park 201 Wild Brook 202 Gihon River at Wilson Road 202 Gihon River at The Woodside Dam 203 Gihon River at East Johnson and Johnson 203 Bell Brook 205 North Branch Lamoille River 206 Calavale Brook 210 Belvidere Pond 210 North Branch Headwaters 211 Basin Brook 212 North Branch from Belvidere Center to Belvidere Junction 214 Streeter Brook 216 North Branch at Waterville 217 Lower Stem of the Lamoille River 221 Lamoille River at Fairfax 223 Stones Brook 225 Lamoille River From Fairfax to East Georgia 230 Arrowhead Mountain Lake 232 Lamoille River at Milton 233 Browns River 237 Browns River at Underhill Center 240 Browns River at Jericho 240 Lee River 241 Browns River at Westford 242 Browns River at the McNall bridge in Fairfax 243 Memphremagog Watershed 245 South Bay 247 Johns River 248 Black River Watershed 249 Black River Headwaters 253 Whitney Brook 255 Black River at Craftsbury 257 Lake Elligo 258 Whetstone Brook 259 Cass Brook 260 Black River Middle Section 261 Black River at Albany 261 Seaver Branch 263 Rogers Branch 265 Shalney Branch 265 McCleary Brook 266 Lamphear Brook 267 Black River at the Mouth of Lords Creek 269 Lords Creek 270 Black River Lower Stem 272 Black River at Irasburg 273 Black River Between Irasburg and Coventry 274 Black River at Coventry 276 Barton River Watershed 279 Barton River 281 Barton River Headwaters 283 Barton River at Glover 287 Roaring Brook 289 Lake Parker 291 Barton River at Barton 292 Hogtrough Brook 293 Barton River between Barton and Orleans 295 Barton River at Orleans 297 Day Brook 298 Brownington Pond 300 Crystal Lake Watershed 301 May Pond 302 May Pond Brook 302 Wheeler Pond 303 Wheeler Brook 304 Bean Pond 304 Willoughby Brook 305 Outlet of Crystal Lake 306 Duck Pond Brook 307 Willoughby River Watershed 309 Mill Brook 312 Willoughby River from Lake Willoughby to Evansville 314 Willoughby River at Evansville 315 Willoughby River from Evansville to Brownington Center 315 Willoughby River from Brownington Center to Orleans 315 Willoughby River at Orleans 316 Brownington Branch 317 Clyde River Watershed 323 Overview 323 Clyde River Headwaters 328 Pherrins River 329 Clyde River Upper Stem 333 Oswegatchie Brook 335 Cold Brook 337 Webster Brook 339 Mad Brook 340 Seymour and Echo Lakes Watershed 342 Sucker Brook 343 Valley Brook 344 Seymour Lake 345 Outlet Brook 345 Echo Lake 347 Echo Lake Outlet 347 Clyde River Lower Stem 350 Pensioner Pond 351 Charleston Pond 351 Clyde River at West Charleston 352 Lake Salem 356 Tributaries of Lake Salem 358 Coche Brook 358 Orcutt Brook 359 Greens Brook 359 Clyde River at Derby Center 360 Derby Pond 363 Clyde Pond 364 Clyde River at Newport 365 Missisquoi River Watershed 371 Overview 371 Missisquoi River Headwaters 379 Burgess Branch 379 East Branch 380 Upper Stem of the Missisquoi River and Tributaries 382 Missisquoi River at Lowell 383 Notch Brook 383 McCallister Pond 384 Snyder Brook 384 Taft Brook 385 Missisquoi River at Loop Road 386 Mineral Springs/Tamarack Brooks 387 Mill Brook 390 Missisquoi River Downstream of the Dam at Troy 391 Missisquoi River at Jay Branch 393 Missisquoi River at Big Falls 394 Missisquoi River at North Troy 395 Jay Branch Watershed 396 Jay Branch from Jay Peak to the Village of Jay 398 Shallow Brook 400 Crook Brook 401 Jay Branch Downstream of the Village of Jay 402 Main Stem of the Missisquoi River 405 Missisquoi River at East Richford 407 Lucas Brook 408 Stanhope Brook 410 Missisquoi River at Stevens Mills 411 Missisquoi River at Richford 414 Loveland Brook 415 Missisquoi River Downstream of Richford 417 Missisquoi River at Samsonville 420 Trout River Watershed 423 Jay and Wade Brooks 426 South Branch 428 Pacific Brook 431 Trout River at Montgomery Center 432 Trout River at Montgomery 433 Alder Brook 434 Trout River at the Two Covered Bridges 436 Trout River at East Berkshire 437 Black Falls Brook 438 West Hill Brook 440 Lower Stem of the Missisquoi River 443 Lake Carmi 446 Missisquoi River at Enosburg Falls 448 Missisquoi River at North Sheldon 450 Missisquoi River at Sheldon Springs 453 Missisquoi River at East Highgate 455 Missisquoi River at Highgate Falls 456 Missisquoi River at Swanton 457 Tyler Branch Watershed 460 Cold Hollow Brook 462 Tyler Branch Upstream Section 463 Beaver Meadow Brook 464 Tyler Branch Middle Section 464 Tyler Branch Lower Section 466 The Branch 467 Bogue Branch 469 Black Creek Watershed 472 Metcalf Pond 473 Fairfield Pond 473 Black Creek 474 Black Creek Downstream of Metcalf Pond 474 Black Creek at East Fairfield 475 Black Creek at Sheldon 475 Kings Hill Brook 475 Elm Brook 477 .
Recommended publications
  • Official List of Public Waters

    Official List of Public Waters

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  • Dams and Reservoirs in the Lake Champlain Richelieu River Basin

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    JUST THE FACTS SERIES June 2019 DAMS AND RESERVOIRS IN THE LAKE CHAMPLAIN RICHELIEU RIVER BASIN MYTH Water released from tributary dams in the United States causes flooding in Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River. FACT Water levels in Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River Generally, mass releases of water from flood control are primarily affected by precipitation from rain or dams are avoided. In addition to compromising the snowmelt. structural integrity of the dams, mass releases would also endanger the very communities that these dams are built Because of its size, Lake Champlain can store a lot of to protect. water; the flood control dams and reservoirs in the basin, which are very small in comparison to the lake, do not When conditions force the release of more water than significantly change water levels of the lake and river as hydropower plants can handle, the increase in water they release water. levels immediately below the dam will be much greater than the increase on Lake Champlain. This is true even during high water and flooding events. Consider, for instance, when Lake Champlain and the Richelieu River experienced extreme flooding between April and June 2011, the additional releases flowing from Waterbury Reservoir—the largest flood control reservoir in the Vermont portion of the basin, contributed less than 2 centimetres (¾ inch) to the elevation of Lake Champlain and the upper Richelieu River. International Lake Champlain-Richelieu River Study Board FACT FACT Dams in the US portion of the basin are built for one of Waterbury Reservoir in Vermont is the largest reservoir two purposes: flood control or hydroelectric power.
  • Vtrans TS4 NOI, Question D.1 List of First Waters to Which Designated MS4 Areas Discharge, Impairment Status, and Pollutants for Impaired Waters November 17, 2017

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    Notice of Intent (NOI) For Stormwater Discharges from the State Transportation Separate Storm Sewer System (TS4) General Permit 3-9007 Submission of this Notice of Intent (NOI) constitutes notice that the entity in Section A intends to be authorized to discharge pollutants to waters of the State under Vermont’s State Transportation Separate Storm Sewer System (TS4) permit. Submission of the NOI also constitutes notice that the party identified in Section A of this form has read, understands and meets the eligibility conditions; agrees to comply with all applicable terms and conditions; and understands that continued authorization under the TS4 General Permit is contingent on maintaining eligibility for coverage. In order to be granted coverage, all information required on this form must be completed and a complete Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) Plan must be submitted. A. Permittee Information 1a. Mailing Address: 1b. Town: 1c. State: 1d. Zip: 2 . Phone: 3. Email: B. Primary contact responsible for overall coordination of SWMP, if different than PEO 1. Name: 2a. Mailing Address: 2b. Town: 2c. State: 2d. Zip: 3. Phone: 4. Email: 5. Additional Contact Name: 6 . Additional Contact Email: C. Partnering organization responsible for Minimum Control Measure (MCM) implementation (if applicable) 1. If you are participating in the Chittenden County Reginal Planning Commission Memorandum Of Understanding to implement MCM1 & MCM2, check here: If you are relying on another entity to implement a MCM, please complete the following: 2. Organization: 3. Contact Name: 4. Minimum Control Measure being implemented: 5a. Mailing Address 5b. Town: 5c. State: 5d. Zip: 6. Phone: 7. Email: 8.
  • Trains, Logs, Moose, and Birds: Building on the Past and Reaching Toward the Future with Cultural Heritage and Nature-Based Ecotourism in Island Pond, Vermont

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    Trains, Logs, Moose, and Birds: Building on the Past and Reaching toward the Future with Cultural Heritage and Nature-based Ecotourism in Island Pond, Vermont Environmental interpretation involves communicating about natural history, cultural heritage, and environmental issues to visitors engaged in recreational pursuits in a way that is interesting and entertaining. Interpreters seek to enhance visitors’ recreational experiences while assisting recreation managers in protecting the resources through the use of interpretive media. By Thomas R. Hudspeth* he Vermont Landscape Conference considers views of the past and visions of the future, using the paintings of Vermont Tlandscape painter Charles Louis Heyde as a jumping off point. This paper looks at trains and logs in Island Pond’s past and their contri- bution to the area’s unique sense of place. It then considers moose and birds and other watchable wildlife as potential contributors to Island Pond’s economic revival and sustainable development—development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations. Island Pond is a village in the Town of Brighton in the wild and re- mote Northeast Kingdom of Vermont, a region that encompasses Cale- donia, Essex, and Orleans counties and is currently confronting high unemployment, poverty, and outmigration of youth. The village takes its name from the adjacent body of water, which in turn is named for the twenty-acre island in the pond. This paper describes a collaborative Vermont History 70 (Winter/Spring 2002): 47–60. © 2002 by the Vermont Historical Society. ISSN: 0042-4161; online ISSN: 1544-3043 48 ..................... project between the University of Vermont (UVM) and the Island Pond community that develops watchable wildlife and other year- round ecotourism opportunities in the area, primarily through the use of environmental interpretation media.
  • Winooski Watershed Landowner Assistance Guide

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    Winooski Watershed Landowner assistance Guide Help Protect The Winooski River And Its Tributaries index of resources (a-Z) Accepted Agricultural Practice (AAP) Assistance Landowner Information Series Agricultural Management Assistance (AMA) Natural Resource Conservation Service Backyard Conservation Northern Woodlands Best Management Practices Nutrient Management Plan Incentive Grants Program (NMPIG) Better Backroads Partners for Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commissions Rain Garden Project Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) River Management Program Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Shoreline Stabilization Handbook Conservation Security Program (CSP) Small Scale/Small Field Conservation Conservation Technical Assistance (CTA) Trout Unlimited Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Use Value Appraisal (“Current Use”) Farm Agronomic Practices Program (FAP) UVM-Extension Farm and Ranch Land Protection Program (FRPP) Vermont Agricultural Buffer Program (VABP) Farm*A*Syst Vermont Coverts: Woodlands for Wildlife Farm Service Agency Vermont Low Impact Development Guide Forest Bird Initiative Vermont River Conservancy Forest Stewardship Program VT DEC Winooski River Watershed Coordinator Friends of the Mad River Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) Friends of the Winooski River Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program (WHIP) Grassland Reserve Program (GRP) Wildlife Habitat Management for Vermont Woodlands Lake Champlain Sea Grant Winooski Crop Management Services Land Treatment Planning (LTP) Winooski Natural Resources Conservation District
  • Glover Flood Resilience Element

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    FLOOD RESILIENCE PLAN for the Town of Glover, Vermont Prepared by Meghann Carter NorthWoods Stewardship Center East Charleston, VT in cooperation with the Glover Planning Commission and Glover Selectboard February, 2015 Paid for in part by the Barton Hydro Project Municipal Planning Grant Introduction With an all-hazards mitigation plan now written and pending approval, the Town of Glover is obligated to begin to address identified pertinent hazards, one of which is flooding and fluvial erosion. The purpose of this plan is to identify key hazard areas which are most likely to be affected by flood and fluvial erosion and to propose potential actions to minimize these hazards and their impacts. Potential major points of impact include dams, culverts, bridges, and infrastructure such as roads and buildings within the floodplains. Goals (1) Identify areas of greatest risk to flooding and fluvial erosion within the Town of Glover. (2) Develop recommendations for future actions to create a flood-and fluvial erosion-safe Glover, minimizing threats to public safety, property, and water quality. Flooding and Fluvial Erosion in Vermont Flooding and fluvial erosion are Vermont’s most common and costly types of natural disaster and over time, many compounding factors have increased Vermont’s susceptibility to flood damage. As climate change affects global temperature fluctuations, storms of greater power and higher frequency are anticipated, and indeed this trend has been observed in recent decades. This trend had led to global, state, and regional efforts to better prepare for these events by identifying sensitive resources, key areas of vulnerability, and implementing mitigations. In the interest of promoting local flood resilience, as of July 1, 2014, according to new legislation (Act 16), any newly adopted or readopted municipal or regional plan must have a Flood Resilience Plan Element.
  • The Geology of the Lyndonville Area, Vermont

    The Geology of the Lyndonville Area, Vermont

    THE GEOLOGY OF THE LYNDONVILLE AREA, VERMONT By JOHN G. DENNIS VERMONT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. DOLL, Stale Geologist Published by VERMONT DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION MONTPELIER, VERMONT BULLETIN NO. 8 1956 Lake Willoughby, seen from its north shore. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................... 7 INTRODUCTION 8 Location 8 Geologic Setting ..................... 8 Previous Work ...................... 8 Purpose of Study ..................... 9 Method of Study 10 Acknowledgments . 11 Physiography ...................... 11 STRATIGRAPHY ....................... 16 Lithologic Descriptions .................. 16 Waits River Formation ................. 16 General Statement .................. 16 Distribution ..................... 16 Age 17 Lithological Detail .................. 17 Gile Mountain Formation ................ 19 General Statement .................. 19 Distribution ..................... 20 Lithologic Detail ................... 20 The Waits River /Gile Mountain Contact ........ 22 Age........................... 23 Preliminary Remarks .................. 23 Early Work ...................... 23 Richardson's Work in Eastern Vermont .......... 25 Recent Detailed Mapping in the Waits River Formation. 26 Detailed Work in Canada ................ 28 Relationships in the Connecticut River Valley, Vermont and New Hampshire ................... 30 Summary of Presently Held Opinions ........... 32 Discussion ....................... 32 Conclusions ...................... 33 STRUCTURE 34 Introduction and Structural Setting 34 Terminology ......................
  • Nutrient Loading and Impacts in Lake Champlain – Missisquoi Bay and Lake Memphremagog

    Nutrient Loading and Impacts in Lake Champlain – Missisquoi Bay and Lake Memphremagog

    Nutrient Loading and Impacts in Lake Champlain – Missisquoi Bay and Lake Memphremagog Missisquoi Bay. IJC Collection Lake Memphremagog. IJC Collection Missisquoi Bay Cyanobacteria. Pierre Leduc Prepared by the International Joint Commission April 21, 2020 Table of Contents I. Synthesis Document ........................................................................................................................ 3 A. Context ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Cyanobacteria .................................................................................................................................. 3 Actions and Consequences of Non-action ........................................................................................ 3 The Governments’ Reference ........................................................................................................... 4 IJC’s Approach to the Reference ...................................................................................................... 5 Workshops to Review Science and Policy on Nutrient Loading ........................................................ 6 Public Meeting and Online Consultation .......................................................................................... 6 B. IJC Analysis of SAG Reports ....................................................................................................... 7 C. Common Basin Recommendations and IJC Recommendations
  • RECOVERY PLAN for TWELVE VERMONT FRESHWATER MUSSEL SPECEIS Christine O'brien Browns River Environmental Consultants 279 River Ro

    RECOVERY PLAN for TWELVE VERMONT FRESHWATER MUSSEL SPECEIS Christine O'brien Browns River Environmental Consultants 279 River Ro

    115 RECOVERY PLAN FOR TWELVE VERMONT FRESHWATER MUSSEL SPECEIS Christine O'Brien Browns River Environmental Consultants 279 River Road Underhill, Vermont 05489 Mussel Recovery Team: Mark Ferguson Nongame and Natural Heritage Program Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife 1 Waterbury, Vermont 05671 Steve Fiske Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation Waterbury, Vermont 05671 Madeleine Lyttle U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Essex Junction, Vermont 05465 and Ellen Marsden School of Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont 05402 July 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXCUTIVE SUMMARY ............... ................................................................................................... 2 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 3 2 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Mussel Reproductive Biology .......................................................................................... 4 2.3 Food Requirements .......................................................................................................... 5 3 MUSSEL SPECIES fNFORMA TION ............................................................................................ 5 3 .1 Brook floater .................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Black sandsbell ...............................................................................................................
  • Progress Report on River Basin Water Quality Management Planning During 2010

    Progress Report on River Basin Water Quality Management Planning During 2010

    PROGRESS REPORT ON RIVER BASIN WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING DURING 2010 A REPORT FOR: HOUSE & SENATE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE HOUSE & SENATE COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY JANUARY 2011 PREPARED BY: VERMONT AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION WATER QUALITY DIVISION 103 SOUTH MAIN STREET WATERBURY, VT 05671 www.vtwaterquality.org Introduction..........................................................................................................................................................3 Section 1) Statewide Surface Water Management Strategy - a Framework for Statewide Efforts to Guide Surface Water Management.................................................................................................................................5 Protecting & Improving Surface Waters by Managing Stressors ....................................................................5 What are the 10 Major Stressors affecting Vermont’s surface waters? ...........................................................6 Using the Stressor Approach to Evaluate Program Effectiveness ...................................................................6 Tactical Basin Planning: Managing waters along a gradient of condition.......................................................6 WQD Ambient Surface Water Monitoring & Assessment Strategy................................................................6 Public Input......................................................................................................................................................6
  • Surface Waters of Vermont

    Surface Waters of Vermont

    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper 424 SURFACE WATERS OF VERMONT BY C. H. PIERCE Prepared in cooperation with the STATE OF VERMONT WASHINGTON GOVEENMENT PBINTING OFFICE 1917 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BK PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 25 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS. Introduction.............................................................. 5 Cooperation................................................................ 8 Division of work.......................................................... 8 Definition of terms......................................................... 9 Explanation of data........................................................ 9 Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 11 Gaging stations maintained in Vermont..................................... 12 St. Lawrence River basin................................................. 13 Lake Champlain drainage basin......................................... 13 General features................................................... 13 Gaging-station records.............................................. 14 Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.............................. 14 Lake Champlain outlet (Richelieu River) at Chambly, Province of Quebec.1................................................. 20 Poultney Eiver near Fair Haven, Vt............................ 25 Otter Creek at Middlebury,
  • Barton Barton Village & Orleans Village

    Barton Barton Village & Orleans Village

    2018 MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR TOWN OF BARTON BARTON VILLAGE & ORLEANS VILLAGE Planning Commission Hearings: April 26, 2016 April 27, 2016 August 10, 2016 Select Board Hearing: October 26, 2017 Town Vote: March 8, 2018 1 Barton Municipal Development Plan Table of Contents A. Municipal Development Plan 4 B. Statement of Goals 5 C. LAND USE _____________________________________________________6 1. Natural Areas __________ 7 2. Low Density ______7 3. Medium Density 8 4. High Density 8 5. Mixed Use 8 6. Industrial 9 7. Shore Land Area __ 9 8. Floodplains 10 9. Wetlands 10 10. River Corridors ___________________________________________11 D. NATURAL, PUBLIC, IRREPLACEABLE, SCENIC, & HISTORIC RESOURCES 12 E. TRANSPORTATION PLAN 13 1. Existing Transportation 13 2. Proposed Transportation 14 F. COMMUNITY FACILITIES, UTILITIES & SERVICES 16 1. Existing 16 a. Municipal Buildings 16 b. Police Protection 16 c. Fire Departments 16 d. Ambulance/Rescue Squads 18 e. Public Recreation and Open Space 18 f. Public Works 18 g. Libraries 18 h. Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal Utilities 19 i. Energy 22 j. Schools 24 k. Solid Waste Disposal 25 l. Medical Services 26 m. Museums & Historical Sites____________________________26 n. Village Center Designation______________________________27 o. Wireless Telecommunications 28 2. Objectives/Recommendations 28 a. Municipal Office Buildings 29 b. Police Protection 29 c. Fire Protection 29 d. Water and Wastewater Disposal Utilities ___________________30 e. Energy Sources & Uses 31 e. Public Recreation & Open Space 33 2 f. Schools 34 g. Wireless Telecommunication Facilities ____________________33 G. HOUSING STATEMENT AND POPULATION DATA_ 34 Table 1: Housing and Affordability__ 34 H. STATEMENT OF IMPACT OF TOWN PLAN ON SURROUNDING TOWN PLANS AND THE REGIONAL PLAN___________________________________37 I.