The Great Daii Sheikh Nimatullah by Prof. Dr. Salih Mahdi Samarrai
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A Thousand and One Wives: Investigating the Intellectual History of the Exegesis of Verse Q 4:24
A THOUSAND AND ONE WIVES: INVESTIGATING THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE EXEGESIS OF VERSE Q 4:24 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Arabic and Islamic Studies By Roshan Iqbal, M.Phil. Washington, DC July 15, 2015 Copyright 2015 by Roshan Iqbal All Rights Reserved ii A THOUSAND AND ONE WIVES: INVESTIGATING THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE EXEGESIS OF VERSE Q 4:24 Roshan Iqbal, M.Phil. Thesis Adviser: Felicitas Opwis, Ph.D. ABSTRACT A Thousand and One Wives: Investigating the Intellectual History of the Exegesis of Verse 4:24 traces the intellectual legacy of the exegesis of Qur’an 4:24, which is used as the proof text for the permissibility of mut’a (temporary marriage). I ask if the use of verse 4.24 for the permissibility of mut’a marriage is justified within the rules and regulations of Qur’anic hermeneutics. I examine twenty Qur’an commentaries, the chronological span of which extends from the first extant commentary to the present day in three major Islamicate languages. I conclude that doctrinal self-identity, rather than strictly philological analyses, shaped the interpretation of this verse. As Western academia’s first comprehensive work concerning the intellectual history of mut’a marriage and sexual ethics, my work illustrates the power of sectarian influences in how scholars have interpreted verse 4:24. My dissertation is the only work in English that includes a plurality of voices from minor schools (Ibadi, Ashari, Zaidi, and Ismaili) largely neglected by Western scholars, alongside major schools, and draws from all available sub-genres of exegesis. -
Tightening the Reins How Khamenei Makes Decisions
MEHDI KHALAJI TIGHTENING THE REINS HOW KHAMENEI MAKES DECISIONS MEHDI KHALAJI TIGHTENING THE REINS HOW KHAMENEI MAKES DECISIONS POLICY FOCUS 126 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY www.washingtoninstitute.org Policy Focus 126 | March 2014 The opinions expressed in this Policy Focus are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, its Board of Trustees, or its Board of Advisors. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including pho- tocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2014 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050 Washington, DC 20036 Cover: Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei holds a weapon as he speaks at the University of Tehran. (Reuters/Raheb Homavandi). Design: 1000 Colors CONTENTS Executive Summary | V 1. Introduction | 1 2. Life and Thought of the Leader | 7 3. Khamenei’s Values | 15 4. Khamenei’s Advisors | 20 5. Khamenei vs the Clergy | 27 6. Khamenei vs the President | 34 7. Khamenei vs Political Institutions | 44 8. Khamenei’s Relationship with the IRGC | 52 9. Conclusion | 61 Appendix: Profile of Hassan Rouhani | 65 About the Author | 72 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EVEN UNDER ITS MOST DESPOTIC REGIMES , modern Iran has long been governed with some degree of consensus among elite factions. Leaders have conceded to or co-opted rivals when necessary to maintain their grip on power, and the current regime is no excep- tion. -
Architectural Mimicry and the Politics of Mosque Building: Negotiating Islam and Nation in Turkey
The Journal of Architecture ISSN: 1360-2365 (Print) 1466-4410 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjar20 Architectural mimicry and the politics of mosque building: negotiating Islam and Nation in Turkey Bülent Batuman To cite this article: Bülent Batuman (2016) Architectural mimicry and the politics of mosque building: negotiating Islam and Nation in Turkey, The Journal of Architecture, 21:3, 321-347, DOI: 10.1080/13602365.2016.1179660 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2016.1179660 Published online: 17 May 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 43 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rjar20 Download by: [Bilkent University] Date: 24 June 2016, At: 05:51 321 The Journal of Architecture Volume 21 Number 3 Architectural mimicry and the politics of mosque building: negotiating Islam and Nation in Turkey Bülent Batuman Department of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, Bilkent University, Turkey (Author’s e-mail address: [email protected]) This paper discusses the politics of mosque architecture in modern Turkey. The classical Ottoman mosque image has been reproduced in state-sponsored mosques throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Defining this particular design strategy as architectural mimicry, I discuss the emergence of this image through the negotiation between the nation- state and the ‘nationalist conservative’ discourse within the context of Cold War geopolitics. Comparing the Turkish case with the Islamic post-colonial world, I argue that the prevalence of architectural mimicry is related to the nostalgia it generates. -
ISLAM in JAPAN HISTORY, SPREAD, and INSTITUTIONS in the COUNTRY by Prof
ISLAM IN JAPAN HISTORY, SPREAD, AND INSTITUTIONS IN THE COUNTRY By Prof. Dr. Salih Mahdi S. Al Samarrai Chairman Islamic Center- Japan 2003 [email protected] 1 2 Introduction: The light of Islam emanated from the Arabian Peninsula and spread eastwards to Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Indian sub- continent, then to Malaysia and reached as far as China and Philippine. It continued spreading for a long time and reached different parts of the world but reached Japan only towards the end of the nineteenth century. In fact, Japanese, Muslims and non-Muslims alike, feel wonder why Islam was so delayed and did not reach Japan at the time it did reach to China and Philippine. In the present pamphlet, I would like to present a chronology of Islam in Japan, writing whatever information I have about each point in time, based on fifty years of my life which I spent in Japan and fifty years of research. The present work does not pretend to be exhaustive, but different writings on the subject will certainly provide a more comprehensive study. I hereby present my work, seeking the good pleasure of Almighty Allah. I pray to Allah (S.W.T.) for His Mercy and I beg my Muslim bothers for forgiveness. Dr. Salih Mahdi S. Al Samarrai Email: [email protected] 3 The Era before 1900: With the beginning of the era of Japanese Renaissance, known as the era of Meiji, started in 1868, only two countries in Asia enjoyed independence, namely the Ottoman Empire and Japan. As they both came under pressure from Western countries, they decided to establish friendly relations between them and consequently they started to exchange visits. -
A Study of Ibadi Oman
UCLA Journal of Religion Volume 2 2018 Developing Tolerance and Conservatism: A Study of Ibadi Oman Connor D. Elliott The George Washington University ABSTRACT This thesis analyzes the development of Omani-Ibadi society from pre- Islam to the present day. Oman represents an anomaly in the religious world because its Ibadi theology is conservative in nature while also preaching unwavering tolerance. To properly understand how Oman developed such a unique culture and religion, it is necessary to historically analyze the country by recounting the societal developments that occurred throughout the millennia. By doing so, one begins to understand that Oman did not achieve this peaceful religious theology over the past couple of decades. Oman has an exceptional society that was built out of longtime traditions like a trade-based economy that required foreign interaction, long periods of political sovereignty or autonomy, and a unique theology. The Omani-Ibadi people and their leaders have continuously embraced the ancient roots of their regional and religious traditions to create a contemporary state that espouses a unique society that leads people to live conservative personal lives while exuding outward tolerance. Keywords: Oman, Ibadi, Tolerance, Theology, History, Sociology UCLA Journal of Religion Vol. 2, 2018 Developing Tolerance and Conservatism: A Study of Ibadi Oman By Connor D. Elliott1 The George Washington University INTRODUCTION he Sultanate of Oman is a country which consistently draws acclaim T for its tolerance and openness towards peoples of varying faiths. The sect of Islam most Omanis follow, Ibadiyya, is almost entirely unique to Oman with over 2 million of the 2.5 million Ibadis worldwide found in the sultanate.2 This has led many to see the Omani government as the de facto state-representative of Ibadiyya in contemporary times. -
Islam-In-Japan.Pdf
With the Name of Allah, Most Merciful, Ever-Merciful Islamic Centre of Japan Publications THE MESSAGE OF ISLAM IN JAPAN – ITS HISTORY & DEVELOPMENT by Dr. Salih Mahdi al-Samarrai Director, Islamic Centre of Japan Translated from the 2nd Arabic edition, November 1999 by Dr. Usama Hasan (London) with thanks to Dr. Imtiaz Ahmad for her invaluable help with Japanese proper nouns ISLAMIC CENTRE OF JAPAN 1-16-11, Ohara, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo – 156 – 0041, Japan Tel: 0081-3-3460-6169 Fax: 0081-3-3460-6105 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://islamcenter.or.jp 1 CONTENTS Introduction 4 Barkatullah, Noda & Yamada 5 Al Tughrul and the Beginning of Japanese-Ottoman Relations 6 The Conference of Religions in Japan, 1906 8 Al-Jirjawi and his Japanese Journey 9 My Travels to Investigate Jirjawi’s Journey to Japan 10 Ahmad Fadli 11 Maulwi Barkatullah and His Role in the Call to Islam in Japan 12 Hasan Hatano 12 ‘Umar Yamaoka, the First Japanese Pilgrim 12 Ahmad Arija 13 Tatar (Kazan) Immigrants and Other Minorities 13 The Role of Universities and Cultural Organisations 13 The Association of Japanese Muslims – the first organised gathering of Japanese Muslims 14 Professor Nazir Ahmad Barlas 14 The Role of Arab Academics 14 The Role of Jama’ah al-Tabligh 15 ‘Abdul Rashid Arshad, one of the Giants of the Call to Islam in Japan 15 The Muslim Students’ Organisation and the Joint Islamic Board 16 The Founding of the International Islamic Centre 16 Muhammad Jamil, another Giant of the Call to Islam 17 2 King Faysal and his influence in anchoring the -
A Selection of Islamic Laws
Contents 1 A Selection of Islamic Laws Based on the verdicts of Grand Ayatollah Yousof Saanei www.saanei.org www.feqh.org 2 A Selection of Islamic Laws CONTENTS Translator’s Preface How to Say the Prayer for the Dead ■ Ijtihad (Rule Deduction) and Taquleed Rules of Burial (Imitation) Prayer of Fear (Wahshat Prayer) The Difference between Ihtiyat-ul-Wajib Exhumation (Nabsh-ul-Quabr) Signs of Puberty Ghusls for Girls and Women ■ Rules of Purity and Impurity (Tahaarat and 1- Haydh Ghusl (Ghusl for Menstruation) Nijaasat) 2- Istihadha Ghusl (Ghusl after Uterine Irregular Rules Which Must Be Observed While Relieving Discharges) Oneself 3- Nifaas (Afterbirth Bleeding) Istibra' (Confirmation of Emptiness) ■ Tayammum (Dry Ablution) Purity (Tahaarat) Instructions on Tayammum Impurities (Nijaasaat) Things on which Tayammum Is Valid Ways to Prove Impurity Rules of Tayammum How a Pure Thing Becomes Impure ■ Prayer Mutahiraat (Purifiers) Types of prayer Rules of Water Obligatory Prayers Qualeel (Under-Kurr) Water Obligatory Daily Prayers Kurr, Running, Well and Rain Water The Time for Daily Prayers How to Purify Impurities with Water Time for Midday and Afternoon Prayers Earth Time for Sunset and Evening Prayers The Sun Rules Regarding the Time of Prayers Islam The Prayers Which Must Be Offered In Removal of the Original Impurity (Najis-ul-Ayn) Sequence Istihalah (transformation) Rules of the Quiblah Intiqual (Transfer) Covering the Body in Prayers Rules of Utensils Body and Covering While Offering Prayers ■ Ablutions (Wudhu) Place where Prayer Must -
The Changing of Image of Islam in Japan: the Role of Civil Society in Disseminating Informations About Islam
The Changing of Image of Islam in Japan: The Role of Civil Society in Disseminating Informations about Islam Irma Rachmi Yulita1 and Susy Ong2 {[email protected], [email protected]} 1,2School of Strategic and Global Studies, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Abstract. This research focuses on the image of Islam in Japan and the efforts to eradicate Islam’s negative image created by the Japan’s mass media. In preparation for the coming 2020 Olympic Games, the government as well as the local organization nationwide is taking initiatives to create a friendlier social condition toward foreigners, including Muslim foreigners. I try to look into their efforts to disseminate knowledge and informations about Islam to the general public. I have conducted in-depth interviews with 6 Muslims residing in Kobe, Kyoto, and Tokyo, and compared their stories with Japanese articles on Muslim and Islam, as well as books and academic journals. I have come to the conclusion that Japanese society is becoming friendlier and showing understanding toward Islam culture and belief. Keywords: Muslim community in Japan, Japanese society, disseminate knowledge about Islam 1. INTRODUCTION This study takes the theme of the Muslim community in Japan, linked to the image of Islam in the Japanese society. Due to geographical and historical reasons, the Islamic religion until the early 20th century is still less well known by Japanese society in general. Few of the Japanese people had the opportunity to interact with the Muslim community, therefore their knowledge and understanding of Islam and Muslims tend to be minimal. The majority of people know Muslims and Islam from the mass media. -
Islam in Japan Its Past, Present and Future by Abu Bakr Morimoto
ISLAM IN JAPAN ITS PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE BY ABU BAKR MORIMOTO TRANSLATED BY ISKANDAR CHOWDHURY PREPARED BY PROF. DR. SALIH SAMARRAI [email protected] 1 اﻻسﻻم في اليابان بقلم أبو بكر موريموتو إعداد أ. د. صالح مهدى السامرائى [email protected] الدكتور السام ارئي وأبو بكر موري موتو في حج عام 1978 م Abu Bakr Morimoto with Dr. Salih Samarrai Hajj 1398 AH - 1978 2 ISLAM IN JAPAN: ITS PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER I Religious Environment in Japan and Islam……... 1 CHAPTER II Advent, Growth and DevelopMent of Islam in Japan………………………………………………………..…. 8 PART ONE 1. Historical Background 8 2. Lack of Historical Records of Muslim Contact with Japan.. 13 3. Who Was the First Japanese Muslim?.................................. 14 PART TWO 1. Establishment of Mosques……………………………….... 18 2. TranslatiorKof the Holy Quran into Japanese ..................... 29 3. Growth of Islamic Organizations…………………………. 38 4. Leaders of Islamic Movement…………………………….. 57 5. Relations with Foreign Muslims…………………………... 73 6. Muslim Students Community……………………………... 76 7. A Dialogue' among Japanese Muslims……………………. 79 8. Pilgrimage to Mecca: Experience of a Japanese Muslim…. 83 CHAPTER III Present Condition of Islam in Japan……….. 90 1. The Problems……………………………………………... 90 2. A Dialogue with Indonesian Muslims……………………. 92 3. An Interview with Prof. Ali Hassan EI-Sarnny………….. 102 3 4. Mass Media in Japan and Islam………………………….. 109 5. The problem of Muslim …… in Japan……………………… CHAPTER IV Future Outlook of Islam in Japan…………... 119 4 Introduction By Abdulrahman Siddiqi [email protected] Prof. Dr. Salih Samarrai [email protected] Islamic Center Japan has been receiving requests for information on Islam in Japan, from almost all over the world show in the progress of Islam in Japan. -
Revised Edition
ENG_COVER Fiqh COVID19.pdf 1 16/10/2020 11:07 AM mira.gov.my REVISED EDITION C REVISED EDITION M This book is a collection of Y frequently asked questions CM MY presented to us related to rulings CY and issues faced by society in CMY our current COVID-19 outbreak. K REVISED EDITION with Published by: GIFTCOPY All Rights Reserved. You may not reproduce Published by: or copy any part of the book including the MINISTER’S OFFICE IN THE PRIME MINISTER’S article and illustration in any form whether DEPARTMENT (RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS) by photocopy, mechanical, recording Level 9 & 10, Blok A, Kompleks Islam Putrajaya instrument, electronic or other means without No.23 , Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Presint 3, first obtaining written consent from the 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia. MINISTER’S OFFICE IN THE PRIME MINISTER’S Tel: 03-88707000 / 03-88707071 DEPARTMENT (RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS). Email: [email protected] Website: mira.gov.my/ Q & A REVISED EDITION CONTENT Pearls of Wisdom from Leaders ix Mukadimah 01 History, Chronology and Latest Statistics 03 Guidelines in Facing A Pandemic 11 Suggestion and Advice 31 Fiqh COVID-19 39 Issues Pertaining to Friday and Congregational Prayers Q: What is the ruling of performing the Friday prayer during the 42 COVID-19 pandemic? Q: What is the ruling of complying with the order of the government 49 to not perform the Friday prayer? Q: What is the ruling of performing the Friday prayer at home? 51 Q: What is the status of praying Zohor at the beginning of its time 52 on Friday? Is it true that it is invalid to do so? Q: What is the ruling of missing the Friday prayer three times 54 consecutively during the COVID-19 pandemic? Q: Some people are still adamant and want to perform the Friday 57 prayer despite our current situation where we are facing the COVID-19 pandemic. -
A Contemporary Interpretation of Tradition in Mosque Design
European Scientific Journal March 2019 edition Vol.15, No.8 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 A Contemporary Interpretation of Tradition in Mosque Design. Marmara Ilahiyat Mosque, Turkey Alev Erarslan, Assoc.Prof.Dr, Department of Architecture, İstanbul Aydın University, Turkey Doi:10.19044/esj.2019.v15n8p97 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n8p97 Abstract In recent years, the concept of contemporary mosque architecture has emerged in all Islamic countries. The goal of these structures which are produced using original designs, contemporary materials, technology and construction systems is to design structures which suit modern architectural concepts of today in the architecture of traditional mosques. Taken up with contemporary plan and form concepts rather than traditional plans, contemporary lines and interpretations are seen in liturgical elements such as the mihrap, dais, pulpit, gallerys, courtyard, fountain and minaret, which are indispensable elements of the mosque architecture in these mosques. One of the important points that is dwelled upon with these structures is their interior design. The aim of this study is to examine the design, layout features as well as the interior decoration of the Marmara Ilahiyat Mosque, which is one of our contemporary mosques that have been addressed in Turkey in the 20th century. With this goal, the structure’s overall layout, its interior space, decorative and liturgic elements as well as characteristics such as materials, technology and lighting have been examined in detail. -
Fieldwork Note on Tatar Migrants from the Far East to the USA for Reviews of Islam Policy in Prewar and Wartime Japan
Special Feature (Research Note)/特集(研究ノート) Fieldwork Note on Tatar Migrants from the Far East to the USA For Reviews of Islam Policy in Prewar and Wartime Japan NUMATA Sayoko Ⅰ . Introduction Ⅱ . From the Far East to the USA Ⅲ . Current situation in San Francisco Bay Area Ⅳ . Future research issues 極東出身の在米タタール人に関する調査 戦前・戦中期日本における「回教政策」再評価のために 沼田 彩誉子 戦前・戦中期において、日本および日本占領下にあった満州・朝鮮半島に居住していたタター ル人の多くは、戦後アメリカやトルコへと渡った。両国では2012年現在も、彼らや彼ら の家族が暮らしている。本稿では、こうした極東出身のタタール人のうち、アメリカ合衆 国カリフォルニア州サンフランシスコ・ベイエリア(以下ベイエリア)へ移住した在米タター 127 Fieldwork Note on Tatar Migrants from the Far East to the USA (Numata) 中東学会28-2.indb 127 2013/02/14 13:15:49 ル人に焦点をあてる。聞き取り調査を中心に、戦前・戦中期日本での生活、戦後の極東地 域からの移住、およびベイエリアにおける現況をまとめる。 従前「在日タタール人」と呼称される彼らは、戦前・戦中期における日本の「回教政策」 と深く関わる存在である。一例をあげれば、早稲田大学に保管される大日本回教協会寄託 資料には、彼らに関する文書・写真資料が所蔵されている。しかしながら「在日タタール人」 の多くが戦後、極東地域から移住したために、彼らの存在、あるいは彼らの所有する資料 は、日本では長らく忘却されてきた。アメリカやトルコに暮らす極東出身のタタール人や 彼らの家族への聞き取りにより、既存文書・写真の特定や新規資料発見が大いに期待され る。関係者の逝去・高齢化が進むなか、戦前・戦中期に関わる聞き取りおよび写真や書簡 など私文書の調査は、喫緊の課題である。 このとき、戦前・戦中期における「回教政策」が独善的なものであった事実を忘れては ならない。そのため、先行研究の多くは、「在日タタール人」を「回教政策」の対象や道具 として扱ってきた。しかしながら、戦前・戦中期の日本とイスラーム関係の新たな理解を 目指すとき、当時の「在日タタール人」と日本との関係が必ずしも良好だったわけではない にしても、彼らの視点から改めて日本の「回教政策」を評価することが求められる。その ためには第一に、現在の状況を正しく把握・理解し、インフォーマントとの関係を慎重に 構築することが不可欠である。本稿は、彼らの移住経験に着目しつつ、聞き取り・資料調 査を通じてその歴史を見直す作業への、第一歩として位置づけられる。 本稿で扱うデータは、2012年4月25日から5月7日にかけて筆者が行ったベイエリアで の調査に基づくものである。日本での生活や移住の経験、ベイエリアにおける在米タター ル人の状況について、合計9名の関係者への聞き取りを中心とする、フィールドワークを行った。 日本では、東京、名古屋、神戸、熊本がタタール人の主な居住地となり、組織や学校、 モスク、印刷所などが設立された。タタール人の流入が始まった1920年代当初、クルバ ンガリーがコミュニティ形成のイニシアチブをとった。しかし1933年にイスハキーが来日