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Cuaderno De Documentacion SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DE ECONOMÍA, MINISTERIO SECRETARÍA GENERAL DE POLÍTICA ECONÓMICA DE ECONOMÍA Y ECONOMÍA INTERNACIONAL Y HACIENDA SUBDIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE ECONOMÍA INTERNACIONAL CUADERNO DE DOCUMENTACION Número 94 ANEXO V Alvaro Espina Vocal Asesor 12 Julio de 2011 ENTRE EL 1 Y EL 15 DE MAYO DE 2011(En sentido inverso) 1 0 MOISÉS NAÍM ¿Por qué Libia sí y Siria no? Los sirios desafían a los tanques sin más armas que sus deseos de cambio MOISÉS NAÍM 15/05/2011 ¿Cómo explicar que Estados Unidos y Europa estén bombardeando a Trípoli con misiles y a Damasco con palabras? ¿Por qué tanto empeño en sacar al brutal tirano libio del poder y tanto cuidado con su igualmente salvaje colega sirio? Comencemos por la respuesta más común (y errada): es por el petróleo. Libia tiene mucho y Siria, no. Y por tanto, según esta explicación, el verdadero objetivo de la agresión militar contra Libia son sus campos petroleros. Siria se salva por no tener mucho petróleo. El problema con esta respuesta es que, en términos de acceso garantizado al petróleo libio, Gadafi era una apuesta mucho más segura para Occidente que la situación de caos e incertidumbre que ha producido esta guerra. Las empresas petroleras de Occidente operaban muy bien con Gadafi. No necesitaban cambiar nada. Una segunda, y común, manera de contestar la pregunta es denunciando la hipocresía estadounidense: Washington nos tiene acostumbrados al doble rasero y a las contradicciones en sus relaciones internacionales. Esta tampoco es una respuesta muy útil, ya que no nos ayuda a entender las causas de estas contradicciones. ¿Qué protege, entonces al carnicero de Damasco de un tratamiento como el que le está siendo propinado a su homólogo Libio? Las razones humanitarias que justificaron el ataque contra Gadafi -el cual apoyé- son tanto o más validas en el caso de Siria. Tan sorprendente como la brutalidad genocida de la familia Asad es la suicida valentía de los sirios. Desde hace dos meses salen a las calles a enfrentarse a los tanques y las balas sin más armas que sus deseos de cambio. Los masacran, los torturan, encarcelan a sus familiares y, sin embargo... siguen las protestas. Aun en las ciudades asoladas por las atrocidades de los militares y las milicias civiles (las temidas shabia) y declaradas por el Gobierno "en calma" y "bajo control" la gente vuelve a las calles a protestar. Y los vuelven a masacrar. Mientras esto sucede, la reacción de Estados Unidos y Europa es, por decir lo menos, anémica. De nuevo: ¿por qué? 1. Porque Siria es militarmente más fuerte que Libia. Siria cuenta con una de las Fuerzas Armadas más numerosas, mejor equipadas y entrenadas de Oriente Próximo. También cuenta con armas químicas y biológicas y sus fuerzas paramilitares están entre las 13 más grandes del mundo. Este no era el caso de los militares libios, a quien Gadafi mantenía fragmentados y no muy bien equipados. 2. Fatiga. Libia agotó el poco apetito que quedaba en Estados Unidos para involucrarse en guerras que no fuesen motivadas por claras amenazas a sus intereses vitales. Los disidentes sirios pagan las consecuencias de las largas y costosas guerras de Estados Unidos en Afganistán e Irak y de la incursión en Libia. El apoyo militar de Washington a causas remotas será en adelante más limitado y selectivo. Y, en lo que a guerras se refiere, sin Washington Europa no existe. Esto deja muy solos a los heroicos disidentes sirios. 3. Los vecinos. Libia tiene de un lado a Egipto y del otro a Túnez, las joyas de la primavera árabe. Siria limita con Líbano, Israel, Irak, Jordania y Turquía. Está todo dicho. 2 4. Los aliados. Gadafi no tiene aliados y hasta sus propios hijos querían apartarle del poder. En una decisión sin precedentes, la Liga Árabe apoyó la intervención contra él. En cambio, Bachar el Asad tiene poderosos aliados dentro y fuera de la región, comenzando por Irán. Y, por tanto, Hezbolá y Hamás. Ni siquiera está claro que Benjamín Netanyahu y el Gobierno israelí prefieran una caótica transición en Siria o mantener a los Asad en el poder. Hasta la revista Vogue se sintió atraída por esta familia y le hizo un glorioso reportaje a Asma Asad: "La más fresca y magnética de las primeras damas... con sus ojos y cabellera castaños, largo cuello y gracia energizante". Es difícil bombardear a alguien así. 5. No tenemos a quién apoyar y no sabemos quiénes son. Hace poco, dos altos funcionarios de la Casa Blanca declararon que la débil respuesta de su Gobierno a los acontecimientos en Siria se debe en parte a que no tienen interlocutores válidos en la oposición. No saben con quién hablar. Otro alto funcionario estadounidense -que exigió el anonimato- me insistió en que, de caer el régimen sirio, el caos y las matanzas serían mucho peores de lo que ha sido en otros países árabes donde se ha dado una transición. http://www.elpais.com/articulo/internacional/Libia/Siria/elpepiin1 t/20110515elpepiint_3/ Tes http://www.elpais.com/video2 s/internacional/crecimiento/America/Latina/depende/pase/ China/elpvidint/20110513elpepuint_2/Ves/ 3 3 4 Mai14 Le «clan mafieux» des Ben Ali devant la justice tunisienne Première condamnation pour un neveu de l’ancien président, dont la famille est visée par 44 actions en justice Auteur Isabelle Mandraud Il est le premier de la famille Ben Ali-Trabelsi à avoir été juge, et condamne. Imed Trabelsi, neveu de Leila Trabelsi, l’épouse de l’ancien président, Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali, a été condamné le 7 mai par le tribunal de Tunis à deux ans de prison et 2000 dinars d’amende (environ 1000 euros) pour…consommation de cannabis. Ses avocats français, Olivier Metzner et Benjamin Grundler, et Franco-Mauritanien, Jemal Ould Mohamed, et son conseil tunisien Wissem Saidi, ont fait appel. Leur client conteste les résultats du prélèvement urinaire réalisé après son arrestation, le 14 janvier, qui a révélé la trace de stupéfiants et la contre-expertise qui lui a été refusée. Ce n’est pas fini. Imed Trabelsi, 36 ans, homme d’affaires et ancien maire du port de La Goulette, l’une des figures les plus haies de l’ancien régime tunisien, doit faire face à trois autres procédures déclenchées le 26 janvier par le parquet de Tunis pour infraction aux droits de douane et change, trafic d’œuvres d’art et trafic d’armes. En France, l’enquête sur les biens détenus par la famille de l’ancien président déchu a abouti à la saisie de douze comptes appartenant à des proches. Imed Trabelsi possède l’un d’entre eux : 83000 euros déposés dans la succursale française de l’Union tunisienne de banques (UTB). Placé sous séquestre à la demande des autorités tunisiennes, ce compte, pour lequel le neveu du couple présidentiel affirme détenir les autorisations de la banque centrale de Tunis, a motivé sa mise en examen pour détournement de droits de douane et de change. Tout comme les 36 montres, certaines « serties de diamants», selon le rapport de police, d’un poids total de plus de 4 kg, trouvées sur lui le 14 janvier, alors qu’il s’apprêtait à prendre la fuite. Arrêté en fin d’après-midi dans le salon d’honneur de l’aéroport de Tunis-Carthage en même temps que d’autres membres de la famille, Imed Trabelsi est depuis lors incarcéré à la prison militaire de l’Aouina, où il partage la même cellule que son père, Nacer Trabelsi. Sa maison, proche du palais de Carthage, a été pillée. «Je voulais partir à l’étranger, je n’ai pas de billet, pas d’avion… Je cherche… », Avait-il alors expliqué. 4 L’accusation de trafic d’ouvres d’art concernerait la découverte à son domicile, saccage, d’une antiquité romaine. Mais celle relative au trafic d’armes est tombée: Imed Trabelsi ayant produit les licences nécessaires pour la détention de deux pistolets et de deux fusils de chasse trouvés chez lui par la foule qui avait envahi sa demeure, une ordonnance de non-lieu a été rendue. Moyennant quoi, ses avocats dénoncent un dossier «vide». «On veut le dépeindre comme un diable, un mafieux, mais il n’était pas le cœur du pouvoir », affirme Benjamin Grundler. «C’est l’ennemi public numéro un, on le charge de tout, mais il est très loin des autres [Trabelsi], renchérit Jemal Ould Mohamed. Il faut le juger pour ce qu’il a fait et seulement pour cela.» Pratique «familiale» Des arguments difficiles à faire valoir en Tunisie, où le neveu de l’ancien couple présidentiel est l’un des personnages les plus emblématiques de ce que les Tunisiens ne désignent plus que comme le «clan mafieux» qui a régné sur le pays. A tel point que l’audience du 20 avril avait du être reportée. Dans une ambiance surchauffée, en présence de la télévision, des dizaines d’avocats en robe, certains filmant la scène avec leur téléphone portable, scandaient «Perpétuité! Perpétuité !» avant le verdict, qui sera finalement rendu le 7 mai pour consommation de haschich. Connu pour ses frasques et ses excès, Imed Trabelsi l’était aussi pour sa façon de faire des affaires. A la tête d’une holding de dix sociétés, dont huit en activité, il avait été poursuivi en France après s’être approprie le yacht de Bruno Roger, un dirigeant de la banque Lazard, volé en 2006 en Corse. Un compromis ayant été trouvé entre les justices française et tunisienne – relaxe pour Imed Trabelsi et courte peine pour son cousin Moez Trabelsi –, ce dossier, toutefois, ne peut être rouvert sans charges nouvelles.
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