Gempet: E E the Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum E Thesaurus E

e e e e e e GeMPeT: e e The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum e Thesaurus e

-e e e e e e - e Edited by: Jane Edinger and Tracy Barker e Charted Information Services e e e e e e GeMPeT : the geoscience, minerals and petroleum thesaurus. e Includes index. ISBN 0 9750776 0 0

1. Geology- Terminology. 2. Earth sciences- Terminology. 3. Subject headings- Geology. 4. Subject headings- Earth sciences. I. Edinger, Jane. II. Barker, Tracy Anne. e

025.49551 e

e Cover illustration: North East Shaded Reduced to Pole Aeromagnetic Image of the Red October Area, Lake carey, Western Australia. e Image supplied courtesy of Sons of Gwalia.

Jane Edinger and Tracy Barker Charted Information Services e 166 Whatley Crescent Maylands WA 6051 Australia e

Telephone: +61 8 9272 1267 e Facsimile: +61 8 9471 8567 E-mail: [email protected] WWW: www.chartedinfo.com.au/thesaurus.html e e e e e e e e e Acknowledgements e e We would like to acknowledge our colleagues e who worked on the Australian Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus. Without your previous hard work there would be no GeM PeT.

e We would also like to thank our families e for their support of our vision during the creation of GeM PeT. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Contents e e e Introduction vii e References xi e e SECTION 1: e Alphabetical Listing 1 e SECTION 2: e Hierarchical Listing 239 e

e SECTION 3: e KWIC (Permuted) Listing 291 e e e e v e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Introduction e GeMPet had its genesis in the now defunct Australian Mineral Foundation's Australian e Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus. The purpose of GeM PeT, providing geoscience professionals with a standardised terminology with which to index material, has not changed.

The need for standardised geoscience taxonomy is more important now than ever as the expansion of online information delivery through intranets and the internet has highlighted e the necessity to utilise controlled indexing to effectively identify and organise information. GeMPeT is designed to provide geoscience organisations with a ready-made taxonomy for e this purpose. GeMPeT has three types of relationships applied to each term:

• Hierarchical relationships, linking terms to other terms expressing more e general (broader) and more specific (narrower) concepts. Broader terms are indicated by the prefix BT, e Narrower terms are indicated by the prefix NT • Associative relationships, which link terms to similar terms (related terms) where the relationship between the terms is non-hierarchical. e Related terms are indicated by the prefix RT. e • Equivalence relationships, which link "non-preferred" terms to synonyms or quasi-synonyms which act as "preferred" terms. Non-preferred terms are e indicated by the prefix USE. Where necessary scope notes (SN) are included. These provide clarification and explain the meaning and application of terms. e There are three display arrangements for terms and relationships: • The main alphabetic display with relationships indicated at each term, along with e scope notes where considered appropriate • The systematic display of terms in their respective hierarchical order

• The permuted, or keyword in context (KWIC), display of every word in every term.

GeMPeT does not include geographical, species, product or registered trade names. A selection of mineral names are included, however the list is in no way exhaustive. Organisations using GeMPeT should include additional names of this type as necessary.

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-e e e e e ~ e References e - e Jackson, J.A., 1997. Glossary of geology. American Geological Institute, Washington, D.C. e Milstead, J.L. (Editor), 1993. Ei Thesaurus. Engineering Information, Hoboken, N.J. e Walker, P. (Editor), 1991. Chambers Science and Technology Dictionary. Chambers, Edinburgh. -e - ~ e e e e e e e ix e e e e e

-e e

-e e - -e - -e e e e e e e e e e e e e Section 1 -e e e Alphabetical Index e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Alphabetical Listing

20 seismic surveys Abrasion Desiccation Non-Preferred BT: Wear (materials} Fullers earth USE: Two dimensional seismic NT: Sand blasting Suppressors surveys RT: Abrasives UF: Absorbers (materials) Adsorbents 3D seismic surveys Abrasion (geological) Sorbents Non-Preferred BT: Mechanical weathering USE: Three dimensional seismic RT: Erosion Absorbers surveys UF: Corrasion BT: Absorption RT: Absorbents Abrasion resistance Air cleaners A Non-Preferred Clarifiers USE: Wear resistance Degassers A horizon UF: Absorbers (equipment) Abrasive jet drilling Absorption towers BT: Soil stratigraphy Non-Prefe"ed A type granite USE: Jet cutting Absorbers (equipment) BT: Granite Non-Preferred Abrasiveness USE: Absorbers Abandoned channel BT: Physical properties RT: Abrasives Absorbers (materials) Non-Preferred Non-Prefe"ed USE: Palaeochannel Abrasives USE: Absorbents BT: Wear (materials) Abandoned mines RT: Abrasion Absorption BT: Mines RT: Mine rehabilitation Abrasiveness BT: Sorption Aluminium oxides NT: Absorbents Ceramics Absorbers Abandoned wells Non-Preferred Corundum Degassers Diamonds RT: Activated carbon USE: Well abandonment Gamet Chromatography Abandonment Grit Desorption Industrial minerals Water treatment Non-Preferred Pumice UF: Adsorption USE: Well abandonment Silicon carbide Absorption spectra Ablation Absite BT: Spectra Non-Preferred USE: Wind erosion Non-Preferred RT: Atomic spectra USE: Brannerite Absorption spectroscopy Abney level Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Absolute age BT: Geological age USE: Spectroscopy USE: Levelling instruments NT: Hybrid age Aboriginal land rights Overprinted age Absorption towers RT: Age determination methods Non-Preferred BT: Aboriginals UF: Absolute age USE: Absorbers Land rights NT: Native title determination Age Abstracting RT: Land use planning Non-Preferred National parks Absolute age determination USE: Abstracts Non-Preferred Aboriginal relics USE: Absolute age Abstracts BT: Aboriginals RT: Artefacts BT: Documentation Absolute gravity UF: Abstracting Non-Preferred Aboriginal sacred sites BT: Aboriginals USE: Gravity Abyssal rocks Non-Preferred Absolute gravity instruments USE: Plutonic rocks Aboriginal site surveys BT: Surveys Non-Prefe"ed USE: Gravimeters Abyssal zone RT: Anthropology BT: Oceanic zones Aboriginals Absolute pressure NT: Deep water Non-Preferred Ocean deeps BT: Indigenous people USE: Pressure RT: Pelagic zone NT: Aboriginal land rights Sea floor Aboriginal relics Absorbents Submarine trenches Aboriginal sacred sites BT: Absorption RT: Anthropology RT: Absorbers Acanthodii Activated clay BT: Pisces Bentonite GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Accelerated tests Pegmatite Acoustic arrays BT: Materials tests Perlite Non-Preferred Pumice USE: Seismic spread Accelerometers Rhyodacite BT: Instruments Rhyolite Acoustic detection RT: Seismometers Trondhjemite Non-Preferred RT: Monzonite USE: Sonic detection Accessory minerals Syenite BT: Minerals Trachyte Acoustic drilling Rock forming minerals UF: Acid rocks Non-Preferred RT: Petrology Felsic igneous rocks USE: Sonic drilling

Accident prevention Acid leaching Acoustic emission BT: Accidents BT: Leaching BT: Acoustic properties Safety RT: Heap leaching Acoustics RT: Gasd~ectors RT: Microseisms Safety devices Acid mine drainage Safety engineering BT: Mine drainage Acoustic logging Warning systems Non-Preferred Acid mine waters USE: Velocity logging Accidents BT: Mine waters BT: Safety RT: Effluents Acoustic logs NT: Accident prevention Non-Preferred Acid openhearth process USE: Velocity logs Accounting Non-Preferred BT: Financing USE: Openhearth process Acoustic properties NT: Cash flow BT: Acoustics Insolvency Acid rain NT: Acoustic emission Revenue BT: Air pollution RT: Rock geophysics RT: Capital costs RT: Pollution Rock properties Cost analysis Seismicity Inventory control Acid refractories UF: Sonic properties Return on investment Non-Preferred Royalties USE: Refractory materials Acoustic wave Taxation Non-Preferred UF: Amortization Acid rocks USE: Sonic waves Auditing Non-Preferred Audits USE: Acid igneous rocks Acoustic waves Book keeping BT: Acoustics Budgeting Acid sulphate soils RT: Radiation Cost accounting BT: Soils Cost control RT: Soil chemistry Acoustics Depreciation BT: Physical properties Acid treatment NT: Acoustic emission Accreditation BT: Chemical processes Acoustic properties BT: Quality assurance RT: Acidification Acoustic waves UF: Sonics Accreting plate boundary Acid volcanic rocks BT: Plate tectonics BT: Volcanic rocks Acquisitions UF: Divergent plate boundary UF: Felsic volcanic rocks BT: Companies Licences Acetylene Acidification NT: Due diligence BT: Alkenes BT: Chemical processes UF: Takeovers RT: Acid treatment Achondrite pH control Acritarchs Non-Preferred BT: Microfossils USE: Meteorites Acidity RT: Algal structures BT: Chemical properties Palynology Acid igneous rocks RT: pH control BT: Igneous rocks pH value Actinide series NT: Adamellite BT: Non ferrous metals Albitite Acidity control NT: Actinium Aplite Non-Preferred Americium Chamockite USE: pH control Berkelium Felsite Californium Granite Acids Curium Granitic rock BT: Chemical compounds Einsteinium Granodiorite NT: Industrial acids Fermium Granophyre Inorganic acids Lawrencium Keratophyre Organic acids Mendelevium

2 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Neptunium Active margin Aeolian sediments Nobelium BT: Continental margin BT: Sediments RT: Passive margin NT: Aeolian sands Actinium Plate tectonics Aeolianite BT: Actinide series UF: Aeolian deposits Adamellite Actinium isotopes BT: Acid igneous rocks Aeolian soils BT: Radioactive isotopes NT: Adamellite porphyry BT: Soils RT: Granite NT: Loess Actinolite Granodiorite RT: Dunes BT: Amphiboles Monzonite Silts Asbestos Plutonic rocks Fibrous minerals UF: Bananite Aeolianite RT: Mineral fibres Quartz monzonite BT: Aeolian sediments Nephrite UF: Calcareous aeolianite Silicate refractories Adamellite porphyry Dune rock BT: Adamellite Eolianite Actinolite marble Non-Preferred Additives Aeration USE: Marble BT: Chemical compounds BT: Mixing Materials RT: Agitation Activated carbon NT: Cement additives Blending BT: Activation Pulp additives Water treatment Carbon RT: Corrosion inhibitors UF: Aerators RT: Absorption Fillers Carbon in pulp process UF: Modifiers Aerators Charcoal Non-Preferred Clarification Ad its USE: Aeration Odour control Non-Preferred Water treatment USE: Tunnels Aerial colour photography UF: Activated charcoal Non-Preferred Administration USE: Colour aerial photography Activated charcoal Non-Preferred UF: Activated carbon USE: Management Aerial electromagnetic surveys Non-Preferred Activated clay Adsorbed water USE: Aerial EM surveys BT: Activation Non-Preferred RT: Absorbents USE: Hygroscopic water Aerial EM methods Bentonite BT: Aerial EM surveys Adsorbents EM methods Activating reagents UF: Absorbents BT: Activation Aerial EM surveys Reagents Adsorption BT: Aerial geophysical surveys NT: Surfactants Non-Preferred EM surveys RT: Bentonite USE: Absorption NT: Aerial EM methods Catalysts Dighem surveys Flotation reagents Adularia UF: Aerial electromagnetic Frothing reagents BT: Alkali feldspars surveys UF: Activators Input surveys Collecting reagents Aegirine BT: Pyroxene Aerial geochemical exploration Activation BT: Geochemical exploration BT: Chemical processes Aeolian NT: Activated carbon BT: Wind erosion Aerial geophysical surveys Activated clay RT: Loess BT: Aerial surveys Activating reagents Sedimentary structures Geophysical surveys UF: Eolian NT: Aerial EM surveys . Activation analysis Aerial gravity surveys Non-Preferred Aeolian deposits Aerial magnetic surveys USE: Radioactivation analysis Non-Preferred Aerial radioactivity surveys USE: Aeolian sediments RT: Thematic mapper surveys Activators Non-Preferred Aeolian environment Aerial gravimetric surveys USE: Activating reagents BT: Non marine environment Non-Preferred USE: Aerial gravity surveys Active fault Aeolian sands Non-Preferred BT: Aeolian sediments Aerial gravity surveys USE: Faults Sands BT: Aerial geophysical surveys Gravity surveys UF: Aerial gravimetric surveys

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Aerial magnetic anomalies RT: Flight maps Aftershock Non-Preferred Geological surveys BT: Earthquakes USE: Magnetic anomalies Geophysical surveys RT: Foreshock Hydrographic surveys Aerial magnetic maps Photogeology Agate BT: Magnetic maps Topographic surveys BT: Gemstones UF: Aeromagnetic maps UF: Airborne surveys Silica minerals Helicopter surveys RT: Industrial gems Aerial magnetic surveys Photogrammetric surveys Thunder eggs BT: Aerial geophysical surveys Photographic UF: Banded agate Magnetic surveys reconnaissance Clouded agate RT: Magnetic anomalies Moss agate Magnetic gradiometers Aerobic decay UF: Aeromagnetic surveys Non-Preferred Age Magnetic airborne USE: Aerobic processes Non-Preferred detection USE: Absolute age Aerobic processes Aerial mapping BT: Biogeochemistry Age dating BT: Mapping RT: Anaerobic processes Non-Preferred NT: Flight line Bacteria USE: Age determination methods UF: Airborne mapping Microorganisms UF: Aerobic decay Age determination Aerial multispectral scanning Non-Preferred BT: Multispectral imagery Aerodynamics USE: Age determination methods BT: Gas dynamics Aerial photogrammetry NT: Airflow Age determination methods Non-Preferred RT: Fluid dynamics BT: Geochronology USE: Photogrammetry Fluid mechanics NT: Cathodoluminescence dating Aerial photographs Aeromagnetic anomalies Chlorine dating BT: Aerial photography Non-Preferred Dendrochronology UF: Aerophoto USE: Magnetic anomalies ESRdating Airborne photograph Fluorine dating Aeromagnetic maps lsochron Aerial photography Non-Preferred Palaeomagnetic dating BT: Photography USE: Aerial magnetic maps Racemization dating Remote sensing Radiometric dating Aeromagnetic surveys NT: Aerial photographs Thermoluminescence Non-Preferred Black and white aerial dating photography USE: Aerial magnetic surveys RT: Absolute age Colour aerial photography Aerophoto Whole rock analysis Flight line Non-Preferred UF: Age dating Infrared aerial photography USE: Aerial photographs Age determination Multiband aerial Dating photography Aerosol generators Geological age Oblique aerial photography Non-Preferred determination Photointerpretation USE: Aerosols Photomosaics Age of the earth Trimetrogon aerial Aerosols BT: Earth (planet) photography BT: Dispersions Vertical aerial photography RT: Air pollution Age of the universe RT: Photogeology Airborne wastes BT: Cosmology Photogrammetry Dust Smog Agglomerate Aerial radioactivity surveys Smoke BT: Pyroclastic rocks BT: Aerial geophysical surveys UF: Aerosol generators Radioactivity surveys Biological aerosols Agglomeration UF: Aerial radiometric surveys BT: Chemical processes Affirmative action RT: Briquetting Aerial radiometric surveys Non-Preferred Compaction Non-Preferred USE: Equal opportunity Flocculation USE: Aerial radioactivity surveys Pelleting Afmag survey methods Sintering Aerial ropeways Non-Preferred Thickening BT: Mine transportation USE: EM methods UF: Aggregation Balling Aerial surveys Afmag surveys BT: Surveys BT: Magnetotelluric surveys NT: Aerial geophysical surveys UF: Audio frequency Flight line magnetotellurics

4 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Aggregates Agriculture Air drilling BT: Industrial materials BT: Natural science BT: Drilling NT: Cement aggregate Primary industry RT: Air core drilling reactions NT: Agronomy Gas drilling Heavyweight aggregates Arable land Lightweight aggregates Fertilizers Air entrainment Rail ballast Pastoralism BT: Entrainment Rip rap RT: Agricultural engineering Road metal Agricultural geology Air fall tuff Rubble Pesticides Non-Preferred RT: Bitumen stripping test USE: Volcanic tuff Borrow pits Agronomy Building materials BT: Agriculture Air filters Construction materials RT: Pedology Non-Preferred Dolomite (rock) Soil chemistry USE: Air filtration Gravel Soil horizons Limestone Soil physics Air filtration Sands Soil surveys BT: Filtration Slags Soils RT: Air cleaners UF: Coarse aggregates Air pollution control Crushed stone Air blast (mine subsidence) Dust control Fine aggregates BT: Mine subsidence Ventilation RT: Mine safety UF: Air filters Aggregation Underground mining Non-Preferred Airflow USE: Agglomeration Air blown converters BT: Aerodynamics Non-Preferred RT: Turbulance Agitation USE: Converters Ventilation BT: Mixing RT: Aeration Air circulation Air gun sound source Blending Non-Preferred BT: Seismic energy source Draft tube circulation USE: Ventilation RT: Marine seismic surveys Emulsification Leaching Air cleaners Air lift Size classification BT: Pollution control BT: Pumping Size screening RT: Absorbers Vibration Air filtration Air pollution UF: Agitators Air pollution control BT: Air quality Pachuas Dust control Pollution Electrostatic precipitators NT: Acid rain Agitators Scrubbers Air pollution control Non-Preferred Ventilation Airborne wastes USE: Agitation Emissions trading Air compressors Greenhouse gases Agmatic gneiss BT: Compressors Smog Non-Preferred RT: Compressed air Smoke USE: Migmatite RT: Aerosols Air conditioning Atmospheric composition Agnatha BT: Cooling systems Combustion products BT: Pisces NT: Space heating Exhaust systems RT: Air cooling Particulate matter Agreements Dust control Public health Non-Preferred Refrigeration Sulphur recovery USE: Contractual arrangements Temperature control UF: Atmospheric pollution Ventilation Agricultural energy Air pollution control BT: Energy Air cooling BT: Air pollution BT: Cooling NT: Smoke abatement Agricultural engineering RT: Air conditioning Water mist BT: Engineering Temperature control RT: Air cleaners RT: Agriculture Ventilation Air filtration Soil conservation Water cooling Air quality Water conservation Carbon tax Air core drilling Cyclone separators Agricultural geology BT: Drilling Dehydration BT: Geology RT: Air drilling Dust control RT: Agriculture Core drilling Electrostatic precipitators Arable land Mine gases Soils Odour control Scrubbers

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Air quality Alaskite Algal structures BT: Environmental BT: Granite BT: Sedimentary structures management RT: Alkali granite NT: Algal mats NT: Air pollution Cryptozoon RT: Air pollution control Albite Stromatolites Air sampling BT: Alkali feldspars RT: Acritarchs Plagioclase Biogenesis Air sampling NT: Peristerite UF: Oncolite BT: Sampling RT: Air quality Albite porphyry Alginite Pollution UF: Albitite BT: Coal constituents

Air sampling (geochemistry) Albitite Algorithms BT: Geochemical sampling BT: Acid igneous rocks BT: Mathematics NT: Epidote NT: Genetic algorithms Air sparging RT: Albitization RT: Mathematical models Non-Preferred Plutonic rocks USE: Pneumatic methods UF: Albite porphyry Aliphatic hydrocarbons Soda syenite BT: Hydrocarbons Air transportation NT: Alkanes BT: Transportation Albitization Alkenes NT: Aircraft BT: Mineralization Naphthenes RT: Albitite Paraffins Air washers Plagioclase RT: Aromatic hydrocarbons Non-Preferred USE: Scrubbers Alcohol Alkali basalt BT: Safety training BT: Alkali igneous rocks Airborne mapping RT: Drugs Basalt Non-Preferred Education NT: Alkali olivine basalt USE: Aerial mapping UF: Basanite Alcohol fuels Oligoclase basalt Airborne photograph BT: Liquid fuels Tephrite Non-Preferred Synthetic fuels USE: Aerial photographs RT: Biomass Alkali feldspars BT: Feldspars Airborne surveys Alcohols NT: Adularia Non-Preferred BT: Organic material Albite USE: Aerial surveys RT: Hydrocarbons Anorthoclase Liquid fuels Microcline Airborne wastes Orthoclase BT: Air pollution Alexandrite Sanidine Wastes BT: Chrysoberyl RT: Alkali igneous rocks NT: Waste gases UF: Potash feldspar RT: Aerosols Alfisol Potassium feldspar Combustion products BT: Soils Dust Alkali gabbro Exhaust systems BT: Alkali igneous rocks Algae Industrial wastes Gabbro BT: Microorganisms Odour control UF: Essexite Thallophyta Smog NT: Sapropel Smoke Alkali granite Palaeobotany Stacks RT: BT: Alkali igneous rocks Stromatolites UF: Plumes (air pollution) Granite UF: Blue green algae RT: Alaskite Aircraft Brown algae Green algae BT: Air transportation Alkali igneous rocks Red algae NT: Unmanned air vehicles BT: Igneous rocks NT: Alkali basalt Algal limestone Airtrac drilling Alkali gabbro BT: Limestone Non-Preferred Alkali granite USE: Rock drilling Potassic igneous rocks Algal mats RT: Alkali feldspars BT: Algal structures Akerite UF: Microbial mats Non-Preferred Alkali leaching USE: Syenite BT: Leaching Algal reefs NT: Ammoniacal leaching Akermanite BT: Reefs RT: Bioherms Non-Preferred Alkali metals Stromatolites USE: Melilite BT: Non ferrous metals NT: Caesium

6 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Lithium Allivalite Alluvial mining Potassium Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Rubidium USE: Gabbro USE: Placer mining Sodium Allochthon Alluvial plains Alkali olivine basalt Non-Preferred BT: Flood plains BT: Alkali basalt USE: Nappe RT: Alluvial fans Alluvium Alkali syenite Allochthonous coal Deltas BT: Syenite BT: Coal UF: Blue granite Coal genesis Alluvial sediments Larvikite Non-Preferred Laurvikite Allochthonous limestone USE: Alluvium Pulaskite BT: Limestone Pyroxene alkali syenite Alluvial soils Allowances BT: Soils Alkaline batteries Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Wages and salaries Alluvial tin deposits USE: Storage batteries Non-Preferred Alloy steels USE: Tin placer deposits Alkaline earth metals BT: Alloys BT: Non ferrous metals Steel Alluvium NT: Barium NT: Chromium steel BT: Sediments Beryllium lnvar Soils Calcium Manganese steel RT: Alluvial plains Magnesium Nickel steel Deltas Radium Stainless steel Fluvial sediments Strontium Sedimentary rocks UF: Alkaline earths Alloys UF: Alluvial sediments BT: Metallurgy Flood plain sediments Alkaline earths NT: Alloy steels Non-Preferred Copper alloys Almandine USE: Alkaline earth metals Gold alloys BT: Gamet Iron alloys Alkalinity Lead alloys Alnoite BT: Chemical properties Selenium alloys Non-Preferred RT: pH value Silver alloys USE: Lamprophyre Solder Alkalinity control Tin alloys Alpha irradiation Non-Preferred Zinc alloys BT: Irradiation USE: pH control RT: Materials technology Alpha particle detectors Alkanes Alluvial deposits Non-Preferred BT: Aliphatic hydrocarbons Non-Preferred USE: Scintillometers NT: Butanes USE: Placer deposits Ethane Alpha radiation Heptanes Alluvial diamond deposits BT: Nuclear radiation Hexanes Non-Preferred RT: Beta radiation Methane USE: Diamond placer deposits Gamma radiation Pentanes Radioactive decay Propane Alluvial fans BT: Fluvial sediments Alphameter surveys Alkenes RT: Alluvial plains Non-Preferred BT: Aliphatic hydrocarbons Deltas USE: Track etch surveys NT: Acetylene Submarine fans Butadienes UF: Fans (geology) Alstonite Ethylene Talus fan Non-Preferred Hopanes USE: Barytocalcite Sterenes Alluvial gem deposits Triterpenes Non-Preferred Alteration (geology) USE: Gem placer deposits BT: Geological processes Allanite NT: Hydrothermal alteration BT: Cerium Alluvial gold deposits Supergene alteration RT: Epidote Non-Preferred UF: Cerine USE: Gold placer deposits Altimeters Cerite BT: Instruments Orthite Alluvial mineral deposits NT: Hypsometer Non-Preferred RT: Barometers USE: Placer deposits Surveying instruments

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Alumina Aluminium resources Amethyst BT: Aluminium BT: Aluminium BT: Gemstones RT: Aluminium oxides Mineral resources Quartz Bauxite NT: Aluminium reserves Silica minerals

Aluminate cements Aluminium silicates Amino acid dating Non-Preferred BT: Aluminium Non-Preferred USE: Cements NT: Andalusite USE: Racemization dating Asbestos Aluminium Chiastolite Amino acids BT: Non ferrous metals Kyanite BT: Organic compounds NT: Alumina Sillimanite Aluminium deposits Staurolite Ammonia Aluminium isotopes RT: Aluminium minerals BT: Nitrogen inorganic Aluminium minerals compounds Aluminium ores Aluminium smelting NT: Ammonium compounds Aluminium oxides BT: Aluminium Liquid ammonia Aluminium production Smelting Aluminium refining NT: Bayer process Ammoniacal leaching Aluminium reserves BT: Alkali leaching Aluminium resources Aluminium sulphate RT: Heap leaching Aluminium silicates BT: Aluminium Aluminium smelting RT: Alums Ammonium compounds Aluminium sulphate BT: Ammonia Bauxite mines Alums NT: Ammonium nitrate BT: Chemical compounds Ammonium sulphate Aluminium deposits RT: Aluminium sulphate BT: Aluminium Ammonium sulphate Ammonium nitrate Metalliferous deposits BT: Ammonium compounds RT: Aluminium ores Alunite RT: Explosives UF: Bauxite deposits BT: Aluminium minerals Aluminium ores Ammonium sulphate Aluminium isotopes Potassium minerals BT: Ammonium compounds BT: Aluminium NT: Jarosite RT: Alums Plumbogummite Aluminium minerals Plumbojarosite Ammonoidea BT: Aluminium RT: . Potash deposits BT: Cephalopoda Metalliferous minerals NT: Alunite Amalgam Amortization Diaspore Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Gibbsite USE: Mercury amalgam USE: Accounting Kyanite RT: Aluminium silicates Amalgamation Amphibia BT: Hydrometallurgy BT: Vertebrata Aluminium ores RT: Gold Vertebrate palaeontology BT: Aluminium NT: Labyrinthodontia NT: Alunite Amazonite RT: Tetrapods Bauxite BT: Feldspars RT: Aluminium deposits Gemstones Amphiboles Cryolite BT: Silicate minerals Amber NT: Actinolite Aluminium oxides BT: Gemstones Anthophyllite BT: Aluminium Arfvedsonite RT: Abrasives Amblygonite Cummingtonite Alumina BT: Lithium minerals Glaucophane Grunerite Aluminium production Amenities Hastingsite BT: Aluminium BT: Personnel management Hornblende Mineral statistics Nephrite Americium Riebeckite Aluminium refining BT: Actinide series Tremolite BT: Aluminium Uralite Refining Americium isotopes RT: Amphibolization BT: Radioactive isotopes Asbestos Aluminium reserves Pyroxene BT: Aluminium Arne site Aluminium resources BT: Septechlorite Amphibolite Ore reserves BT: Metamorphic rocks NT: Ortho amphibolite Para amphibolite

8 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Amphibolite facies Analcime tephrite Andalusite BT: Metamorphic facies Non-Preferred BT: Aluminium silicates RT: Eclogite facies USE: Analcime basalt Industrial minerals Epidote amphibolite facies NT: Chiastolite Granulite facies Analcimite RT: Kyanite Hornfels facies BT: Basalt Sillimanite Pyroxene hornfels facies Analcite Andalusite schist Amphibolite schist Non-Preferred BT: Schist BT: Schist USE: Analcime RT: Chiastolite schist

Amphibolization Analogue computers Andesine BT: Mineralization BT: Computers BT: Plagioclase RT: Amphiboles RT: Digital computers RT: Latite Hybrid computers Amplitude versus offset UF: Analogue differential Andesine basalt Non-Preferred analyzers BT: Basalt USE: AVO methods RT: Latite Analogue data UF: Hawaiite AMT surveys BT: Data Non-Preferred Andesite USE: Magnetotelluric surveys Analogue differential analyzers BT: Intermediate igneous rocks Non-Preferred RT: Basic igneous rocks Amygdaloidal textures USE: Analogue computers Dacite BT: Rock textures Latite Analogue processing Volcanic rocks Amygdules BT: Data processing UF: Boninite Non-Preferred Mugearite USE: Geode Analogue simulation BT: Computer simulation Andradite Ana branching RT: Digital simulation BT: Gamet BT: Rivers Mathematical models Anemometers Anaerobic decay Analysis BT: Meteorological instruments Non-Preferred NT: Bacteriological analysis USE: Anaerobic processes Chemical analysis Aneroid barometers Financial analysis Non-Preferred Anaerobic processes X ray analysis USE: Barometers BT: Biogeochemistry RT: Synthesis RT: Aerobic processes Anfo Bacterial reduction Analytical chemistry BT: Explosives Microorganisms BT: Chemistry Reducing environment NT: Chemical analysis Angiospermae UF: Anaerobic decay RT: Earth sciences BT: Spermatophyta Instrumental chemical Anaerobic sediments analysis Angle of repose BT: Sediments BT: Slope stability Anapsida RT: Noncohesive soils Analcime BT: Reptilia Soil properties BT: Zeolite minerals RT: Scolecite Anatase Anglesite UF: Analcite Non-Preferred BT: Lead minerals USE: Rutile Lead ores Analcime basalt Sulphate minerals BT: Basalt Anatexis UF: Analcime basanite BT: Metamorphism Anhydrite Analcime tephrite RT: Granitization BT: Calcium sulphates Olivine analcitite Syntaxis Evaporite minerals Industrial minerals Analcime basanite Anchoring systems Sulphate minerals Non-Preferred BT: Engineering NT: Anhydrite deposits USE: Analcime basalt RT: Marine mining RT: Gypsum Offshore structures Analcime dolerite UF: Mooring systems Anhydrite deposits BT: Dolerite BT: Anhydrite RT: Teschenite Anchors (rock) RT: Gypsum deposits Non-Preferred Analcime syenite USE: Cable bolting Animals BT: Syenite Non-Preferred USE: Fauna

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 9 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Anion exchange Anthracite API gravity Non-Prefe"ed BT: Coal BT: Density USE: lon exchange RT: Coal rank RT: Crudeoil UF: Semianthracite Anions Aplite BT: Ions Anthropogenic factor BT: Acid igneous rocks BT: Environmental impact RT: Pegmatite Anisotropy RT: Pollution UF: Granite aplite BT: Physical properties UF: Human impact RT: Isotropy Apparent dip Anthropology BT: Dip Ankerite BT: Social sciences RT: True dip BT: Carbonate minerals NT: Palaeoanthropology UF: False dip RT: Aboriginal site surveys Annabergite Aboriginals Apparent movement of faults BT: Nickel minerals Archaeology BT: Faulting Nickel ores Vertebrate palaeontology RT: Fault geometry UF: Nickel bloom Nickel ochre Anticlines Apparent porosity BT: Folds Non-Prefe"ed Annelida NT: Baldheaded anticline USE: Porosity BT: Vermes Breached anticline RT: Domes (geological) Apparent resistivity Annual reports Geanticlines Non-Prefe"ed BT: Reports Geosynclines USE: Resistivity RT: Progress reports Synclines UF: Brachyanticline Application of mathematics Anodic protection Non-Preferred BT: Corrosion prevention Anticlinorium USE: Mathematical applications RT: Cathodic protection BT: Fold system RT: Synclinorium Application software Anodic stripping voltammetry BT: Computer software BT: Voltammetry Antimony UF: Spreadsheets RT: Cathodic stripping BT: Non ferrous metals voltammetry NT: Antimony deposits Applications Antimony minerals BT: Technology Anomalies Antimony mines UF: Uses NT: Geochemical anomalies Native antimony Geophysical anomalies Applied potential surveys Antimony bloom Non-Preferred Anorthite Non-Prefe"ed USE: Mise a Ia masse surveys BT: Plagioclase USE: Valentinite Appraisal wells Anorthoclase Antimony deposits BT: Wells BT: Alkali feldspars BT: Antimony RT: Development wells Metalliferous deposits UF: Oil appraisal wells Anorthosite BT: Ultrabasic rocks Antimony minerals Apron feeders RT: Plutonic rocks BT: Antimony Non-Preferred Metalliferous minerals USE: Feeders Antarctic regions NT: Cervantite BT: Polar regions Chalcostibite Aptian Native antimony BT: Chronostratigraphy Antecedent streams Stibiconite BT: Streams Stibnite Aquamarine RT: Consequent streams Valentinite BT: Beryl Subsequent streams UF: Superimposed drainage Antimony mines Aquapulse BT: Antimony BT: Seismic energy source Antecedent valleys Mines RT: Marine seismic surveys BT: Geomorphology Apatite Aqueducts Anthophyllite BT: Igneous rocks BT: Water supply BT: Amphiboles Metamorphic rocks RT: Flumes NT: Fluorapatite Water tunnels Anthozoa Hedyphane BT: Coelenterata Mimetite Aquicludes NT: Coral RT: Calcium phosphates BT: Ground water Phosphate rock NT: Aquitards RT: Aquifers

10 BT=Broader term; NT=Na"ower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Artesian water Archaean Claystone Artesian wells BT: Precambrian Mudstone Leaky aquifers Pelite Permeability Archaeocyatha Springs BT: Invertebrate palaeontology Argillaceous sandstone Water table Non-Preferred Archaeology USE: Sandstone Aquifer properties BT: Social sciences BT: Aquifers NT: Artefacts Argillite NT: Hydraulic conductivity Industrial archaeology Non-Preferred Transmissivity RT: Anthropology USE: Mudstone RT: Permeability Geology Porosity Palaeoanthropology Argon UF: Permeability coefficient Palaeontology BT: Rare gases Vertebrate palaeontology NT: Argon compounds Aquifer tests Argon isotopes BT: Pump tests Architecture RT: Well discharge tests NT: Buildings Argon argon dating Well tests RT: Infrastructure BT: Radiometric dating UF: Water well tests (aquifer) Archives Argon compounds Aquifers BT: Information management BT: Argon BT: Ground water RT: Information centres NT: Aquifer properties Libraries Argon dating Artesian aquifers Museums Non-Preferred Confining beds USE: Potassium argon dating Fractured rock aquifers Arctic regions Leaky aquifers BT: Polar regions Argon isotopes Unconfined aquifers BT: Argon RT: Aquicludes Arcuate faults Artesian water BT: Faults Arid cycle Artesian wells Non-Preferred Ground water recharge Areal geology USE: Arid environment Hydrogeology Non-Preferred Recharge wells USE: Regional geology Arid environment Springs BT: Climatic zones Water supply Areal maps NT: Deserts Water table Non-Preferred Desiccation (geology) Water wells USE: Regional maps RT: Climatology UF: Ground water reservoirs Desert polish Areal surveys Desiccation breccia Aquitards Non-Preferred Desiccation conglomerate BT: Aquicludes USE: Regional surveys Dreikanter RT: Confining beds Duricrust Arenaceous rocks Efflorescence Arable land BT: Sedimentary rocks Gibber BT: Agriculture RT: Clastic rocks Red beds RT: Agricultural geology Sandstone Sedimentary environments Land reclamation UF: Arid cycle Soils Arenite Arid lands Non-Preferred Semiarid lands Arachnida USE: Sandstone BT: Arthropoda Arid lands UF: Spiders Arete Non-Preferred BT: Glacial features USE: Arid environment Aragonite BT: Carbonate minerals Arfvedsonite Arkose Evaporite minerals BT: Amphiboles BT: Sandstone RT: Calcite UF: Feldspathic sandstone Argentite Arbitration BT: Silver minerals Arkosic arenite BT: Industrial relations Sulphide minerals Non-Preferred USE: Sandstone Arch dams Argillaceous limestone BT: Dams Non-Preferred Arkosic conglomerate RT: Concrete dams USE: Limestone Non-Preferred USE: Conglomerate Arch gravity dams Argillaceous rocks BT: Dams BT: Sedimentary rocks RT: Clastic rocks

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 11 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Arkosic greywacke Artesian aquifers Artificial mineral fibres Non-Preferred BT: Aquifers BT: Mineral fibres USE: Graywacke RT: Ground water RT: Glass fibres UF: Confined aquifer Arkosic limestone Artificial recharge Non-Preferred Artesian basins Non-Preferred USE: Limestone BT: Ground water basins USE: Artificial ground water RT: Artesian water recharge Arkosic sandstone Sedimentary basins BT: Sandstone Artificial reefs Artesian bores BT: Coastal engineering Aromatic hydrocarbons Non-Preferred BT: Hydrocarbons USE: Artesian wells Artificial satellites NT: Benzene Non-Preferred Naphthalene Artesian discharge USE: Spacecraft Phenanthrenes BT: Artesian wells Retene RT: Mound springs Artificial weathering tests Toluene Non-Preferred RT: Aliphatic hydrocarbons Artesian pressure USE: Weathering tests UF: Aromatics BT: Hydrostatic pressure Asbestos Aromatics Artesian water BT: Aluminium silicates Non-Preferred BT: Ground water Fibrous minerals USE: Aromatic hydrocarbons NT: Artesian wells Industrial minerals RT: Aquicludes Mineral fibres Arrival time Aquifers NT: Actinolite BT: Seismic velocity Artesian basins Crocidolite RT: Seismology Mound springs Serpentine Potentiometric surface RT: Amphiboles Arsenate mineral deposits UF: Confined water Carcinogens Non-Preferred Silicate refractories USE: Arsenic deposits Artesian wells Tremolite BT: Artesian water UF: Asbestos deposits Arsenic Water wells BT: Non ferrous metals NT: Artesian discharge Asbestos cements NT: Arsenic deposits RT: Aquicludes BT: Cements Arsenic isotopes Aquifers Arsenic minerals Springs Asbestos deposits Native arsenic Subartesian wells Non-Preferred UF: Artesian bores USE: Asbestos Arsenic deposits BT: Arsenic Arthropoda Asbestosis Metalliferous deposits BT: Invertebrata BT: Respiratory diseases UF: Arsenate mineral deposits Invertebrate palaeontology RT: Silicosis NT: Arachnida Arsenic isotopes Crustacea Ash (volcanic) BT: Arsenic Hexapod a Non-Preferred Merostomata USE: Volcanic ash Arsenic minerals Onychophora BT: Arsenic Trilobita Ash analysis Metalliferous minerals BT: Chemical analysis NT: Arsenopyrite Artificial diamonds Loellingite Non-Preferred Ash content Native arsenic USE: Synthetic diamonds Non-Preferred Niccolite USE: Coal ash Realgar Artificial ground water recharge Scorodite BT: Ground water recharge Ash flows Smaltite NT: Recharge wells BT: Volcanic ash Sperrylite UF: Artificial recharge RT: Ignimbrite Water spreading Arsenopyrite Asphalt base crudes BT: Arsenic minerals Artificial intelligence Non-Preferred Sulphide minerals BT: Information technology USE: Crude oil RT: Computer software Artefacts Expert systems Asphalt emulsions BT: Archaeology Neural networks Non-Preferred RT: Aboriginal relics USE: Asphalts Artificial lift Non-Preferred Asphaltene USE: Pumping BT: Crude oil

12 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT'-Re/ated term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Asphaltite Asymmetric ripple mark Atomic absorption spectra BT: Bitumens Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Ripple marks USE: Atomic absorption Asphalts spectroscopy BT: Bitumens Atacamite RT: Bituminous cements BT: Copper minerals Atomic absorption spectrometers Petroleum products Non-Preferred Tars Atlases USE: Atomic absorption UF: Asphalt emulsions BT: Maps spectroscopy Natural asphalts RT: Gazetteers Pitch (materials) Geographic names Atomic absorption spectrometry Non-Preferred Assay Atmosphere (earth) USE: Atomic absorption Non-Preferred Non-Preferred spectroscopy USE: Assay value USE: Earth atmosphere Atomic absorption spectroscopy Assay grade Atmospheric circulation BT: Atomic spectroscopy Non-Preferred BT: Climatology UF: Atomic absorption spectra USE: Assay value Atomic absorption Atmospheric composition spectrometers Assay value BT: Earth atmosphere Atomic absorption SN: Use where assay results RT: Air pollution spectrometry have been recorded Atmospheric ozone BT: Assaying Extraterrestrial Atomic energy UF: Assay atmospheres Non-Preferred Assay grade USE: Nuclear energy Atmospheric corrosion Assaying BT: Corrosion Atomic reactors BT: Chemical analysis Non-Preferred NT: Assay value Atmospheric corrosion tests USE: Nuclear reactors Radiometric assaying Non-Preferred Wet assaying USE: Corrosion tests Atomic spectra RT: Sampling BT: Spectra UF: Fire assaying Atmospheric ozone RT: Absorption spectra BT: Ozone Atomic structure Asteroids RT: Atmospheric composition BT: Extraterrestrial geology Atomic spectroscopy RT: Solar system Atmospheric pollution BT: Spectroscopy Non-Preferred NT: Atomic absorption Asthenosphere USE: Air pollution spectroscopy Non-Preferred Atomic structure USE: Eart~ mantle Atmospheric pressure Gamma spectroscopy BT: Meteorology Mass spectroscopy Astrobleme RT: Barometers Neutron spectroscopy Non-Preferred Pressure X ray atomic spectroscopy USE: Meteorite craters UF: Barometric pressure X ray fluorescence spectroscopy Astrogeology Atmospheric radiation RT: Ultraviolet spectroscopy Non-Preferred BT: Earth atmosphere X ray spectroscopy USE: Extraterrestrial geology Radiation NT: Aurora Atomic structure Astronomy RT: Cosmic rays BT: Atomic spectroscopy BT: Natural science NT: Atomic weight NT: Eclipse Atmospheric refraction RT: Atomic spectra Extraterrestrial atmospheres BT: Earth atmosphere Molecular structure Extraterrestrial satellites RT: Solar radiation Galaxy Atomic weight Milky Way Atmospheric weathering BT: Atomic structure Nebular hypothesis Non-Preferred RT: Chemical properties Radio astronomy USE: Weathering Molecular weight RT: Cosmology Geodesy Atolls Atomizing UF: Geodetic astronomy BT: Coral reefs Non-Preferred RT: Barrier reefs USE: Grinding Asymmetric folds Fringing reefs Non-Preferred Glacial control theory Attapulgite USE: Inclined folds Reefs Non-Preferred USE: Palygorskite

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 13 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Attenuation Augitite Autunite BT: Seismic velocity BT: Basic igneous rocks BT: Uranium minerals RT: Seismic waves Volcanic rocks NT: Saleeite

Atterberg limits Aurora Avalanche bedding Non-Preferred BT: Atmospheric radiation BT: Sedimentary structures USE: Atterberg tests UF: Northern lights Avalanches Atterberg tests Australites BT: Landslides BT: Soil properties BT: Tektites RT: Plastic limit RT: Meteorites Aves Plastic properties BT: Vertebrata Soil tests Austrian tunnelling method Vertebrate palaeontology UF: Atterberg limits BT: Tunnelling UF: Birds Liquid limit Authigenesis AVO methods Attrition (materials) BT: Mineral genesis BT: Seismic reflection methods Non-Preferred UF: Amplitude versus offset USE: Comminution Authority to prospect Non-Preferred Axial flow compressors Audio frequency magnetotelluric& USE: Exploration licences Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Compressors USE: Afmag surveys Autochthonous coal BT: Coal Axial plane Audio visual materials Coal genesis BT: Fold geometry BT: Graphic presentation UF: Slides Autoclaves Axial plane cleavage Transparencies BT: Equipment BT: Cleavage RT: Pyrometallurgy RT: Foliation Auditing Schistosity Non-Preferred Autogenous grinding USE: Accounting BT: Grinding Axial symmetry UF: Autogenous mills Non-Preferred Audits USE: Fold geometry Non-Preferred Autogenous mills USE: Accounting Non-Preferred Axial trace USE: Autogenous grinding Non-Preferred Augen gneiss USE: Fold geometry Non-Preferred Autogenous mining USE: Gneiss BT: Mining Axis of symmetry Non-Preferred Augen schist Autogenous smelting USE: Crystallographic axis Non-Preferred BT: Smelting USE: Schist RT: Pyrometallurgy Azurite BT: Carbonate minerals Augen structure Automatic control Copper minerals BT: Rock structures BT: Automation Copper ores Control systems Auger conveyors RT: Remote control Non-Preferred B USE: Screw conveyors Automatic data processing Non-Preferred B horizon Auger drilling USE: Data processing Non-Preferred BT: Drilling USE: Soil horizons RT: Rotary drilling Automatic image analysis UF: Augers Non-Preferred Back arc basins USE: Image analysis Auger sampling BT: Island arcs RT: Fore arc basins Non-Preferred Automatic processing USE: Soil sampling Non-Preferred Back filling USE: Automation Non-Preferred Augers USE: Mine filling Non-Preferred Automation USE: Auger drilling NT: Automatic control Back pressure Robotics Non-Preferred Augite RT: Computer control USE: Formation pressure BT: Pyroxene Equipment NT: Diallage Mechanization UF: Basaltine Remote control UF: Automatic processing

14 BT'-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Back reefs Balanced cross sections Barite Non-Preferred BT: Structural analysis BT: Industrial minerals USE: Reefs RT: Cross sections Sulphate minerals NT: Barite deposits Backdeep Baldheaded anticline RT: Barytocalcite BT: Geological structures BT: Anticlines Drilling fluids UF: Epieugeosyncline RT: Breached anticline Heavyweight aggregates Structural closure UF: Barytes Background noise BT: Signal processing Ball clay Barite deposits NT: Signal to noise ratio BT: Clays BT: Barite RT: Background radiation Industrial minerals Non metalliferous deposits Seismic noise RT: Kaolin UF: Noise (electromagnetic) Kaolinite Barium BT: Alkaline earth metals Background radiation Ball milling NT: Barium isotopes BT: Radiation BT: Grinding Barium minerals RT: Background noise Radioactivity surveys Ball mills Barium isotopes BT: Grinding mills BT: Barium Backhoes RT: Pebble mills BT: Excavation equipment Rod mills Barium minerals UF: Conical mills BT: Barium Backwater curve Non-Preferred Balling Barographs USE: Flow profile Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Agglomeration USE: Barometers Bacteria BT: Microorganisms Bananite Barometers NT: Sulphur bacteria Non-Preferred BT: Meteorological instruments Thermophiles USE: Adamellite RT: Altimeters RT: Aerobic processes Atmospheric pressure Banded agate Pressure measurement Bacterial leaching Non-Preferred Vacuum gauges BT: Leaching USE: Agate UF: Aneroid barometers Microbiological processes Barographs RT: Heap leaching Banded coal Microbarographs Hydrometallurgy BT: Coal Microorganisms Barometric levelling Sulphate reduction Banded gneiss BT: Surveying Sulphur bacteria BT: Gneiss Barometric pressure Bacterial oxidation Banded iron formation Non-Preferred BT: Microbiological processes BT: Ironstone USE: Atmospheric pressure RT: Jaspilite Bacterial reduction Taconite Barrage sampling BT: Microbiological processes UF: Banded ironstone Non-Preferred RT: Anaerobic processes BIF USE: Bulk sampling Sulphate reduction UF: Biological reduction Banded ironstone Barrages (dams) Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Bacteriological analysis USE: Banded iron formation USE: Dams BT: Analysis Biochemistry Banding Barred basin BT: Glacial features Non-Preferred Bag house · Metamorphic rocks USE: Restricted basins BT: Dust control Sedimentary rocks Barrier ice Bagasse Banket Non-Preferred BT: Biomass Non-Preferred USE: Sea ice Fuels USE: Conglomerate RT: Waste to heat Barrier reefs Bar sediments BT: Coral reefs Balance of payments Non-Preferred RT: Atolls Non-Preferred USE: Fluvial sediments Fringing reefs USE: Trade balance Glacial control theory Barchan Balance of trade BT: Dunes Bars Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Trade balance USE: Sandbars

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 15 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Barysphere Peneplains Basic front Non-Preferred Peneplanation Non-Preferred USE: Earth core USE: Mafic front Base line Barytes BT: Surveying Basic igneous rocks Non-Preferred RT: Datum BT: Igneous rocks USE: Barite NT: Augitite Base line data Basalt Barytocalcite BT: Environmental impact Chromitite BT: Carbonate minerals surveys Dolerite RT: Barite Geochemical exploration Gabbro Calcite Geophysical surveys Lamprophyre UF: Alstonite Leucitite Bromlite Base maps No rite BT: Maps Ophiolites Basal cleavage RT: Cadastral maps Shoshonite Non-Preferred Field maps RT: Andesite USE: Cleavage Geological maps Diorite Photo maps Eclogite Basal conglomerate Topographic maps Epidiorite Non-Preferred Latite USE: Conglomerate Base metal deposits Nephelinite BT: Base metals Ultrabasic rocks Basalt Metalliferous deposits UF: Basic rocks BT: Basic igneous rocks NT: Copper deposits Mafic rocks Volcanic rocks Lead deposits NT: Alkali basalt Nickel deposits Basic openhearth process Analcime basalt Sulphide deposits Non-Preferred Analcimite Zinc deposits USE: Openhearth process Andesine basalt Flood basalt Base metal exploration Basic oxygen process Leucite basalt BT: Base metals BT: Steel making Melilite basalt Mineral exploration Nepheline basalt Basic refractories Olivine basalt Base metals Non-Preferred Picrite basalt BT: Metals USE: Refractory materials Quartz basalt Non ferrous metals Tholeiite NT: Base metal deposits Basic rocks RT: Dolerite Base metal exploration Non-Preferred Gabbro Copper USE: Basic igneous rocks Keratophyre Lead Latite Nickel Basin analysis Leucitite Zinc BT: Sedimentary basins Limburgite UF: Heavy metals NT: Basin geometry Nephelinite Oceanic crust Baseflow Basin geometry Shoshonite BT: Ground water BT: Basin analysis Tachylite Ground water discharge Ultrabasic rocks Basin range structure UF: Spilite Basement BT: Geomorphology BT: Earth crust Basaltine NT: Basement depth Basins Non-Preferred Magnetic basement BT: Geological structures USE: Augite RT: Bed rock NT: Drainage basins UF: Crystalline basement Foreland basins Basanite Ground water basins Non-Preferred Basement depth Ocean basins USE: Alkali basalt BT: Basement Sedimentary basins NT: Basement depth maps RT: Lakes Base courses and pavements UF: Geological basins BT: Foundations Basement depth maps RT: Engineering geology BT: Basement depth Bastnaesite Isopach maps BT: Rare earth minerals Base exchange RT: Magnetic basement maps Non-Preferred Batholiths USE: lon exchange Basic converters BT: Igneous intrusions BT: Converters Base level Bathyal zone BT: Denudation BT: Oceanic zones RT: Cycle of erosion RT: Continental slope

16 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RTc...Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Bathymetric charts Beach concentrate Bed (stratigraphic) Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Oceanographic charts USE: Mineral sands USE: Stratum

Bathymetry Beach erosion Bedload BT: Oceanography BT: Beaches BT: River load RT: Geophysics Coastal erosion RT: Rivers Side scan sonar Soil erosion Sediment transport Solid earth geophysics RT: Breakwaters Sedimentation Sonic detection Coast protection Streams Coastal engineering Suspended sediments Bathysphere Ocean waves Non-Preferred Water waves Bed rock USE: Earth core UF: Shore erosion BT: Geological structures RT: Basement Batteries (electrical) Beach mining Soils Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Storage batteries USE: Mineral sand mining Bed rock sampling Non-Preferred Batteries (mine) Beach protection USE: Rock chip sampling Non-Preferred Non-Prefe"ed USE: Stamp batteries USE: Coast protection Bedding faults BT: Faults Batteries (stamp) Beach rock UF: Bedding plane fault Non-Preferred BT: Marine sediments Bedding plane slip USE: Stamp batteries RT: Beach breccia Littoral environment Bedding plane cleavage Battery chargers BT: Cleavage BT: Storage batteries Beach sand mining UF: Bedding plane parting Non-Preferred Battery locomotives USE: Mineral sand mining Bedding plane fault BT: Locomotives Non-Preferred RT: Electric vehicles Beach sands USE: Bedding faults BT: Sands Bauxite RT: Mineral sand mining Bedding plane parting BT: Aluminium ores Mineral sands Non-Preferred Oxide minerals USE: Bedding plane cleavage NT: Bauxite mines Beaches Bauxitization BT: Coastal features Bedding plane slip RT: Alumina NT: Beach erosion Non-Preferred Diaspore Raised beaches USE: Bedding faults Red mud Sandbars Residual deposits Swash zone Bedding planes RT: Dunes BT: Sedimentary structures Bauxite deposits Littoral zone Non-Preferred Beehive kilns USE: Aluminium deposits Beam pumps Non-Preferred BT: Pumps USE: Furnaces Bauxite mines RT: Sucker rod pumps BT: Aluminium Beerbachite Bauxite Bearing capacity Non-Preferred Mines BT: Physical properties USE: Hornfels Soil mechanics Bauxitization RT: Cohesion Beidellite BT: Bauxite Foundations Non-Preferred Slope stability USE: Clay minerals Bay ice Soil pressure Non-Preferred Soil tests Belt conveyors USE: Sea ice UF: Bearing strength BT: Conveyors Ultimate bearing capacity NT: Cable belt conveyors Bayer process High angle conveyors BT: Aluminium smelting Bearing piles RT: Mine transportation BT: Piles Ore transportation Bays UF: Conveyor belts BT: Coastal features Bearing strength Non-Preferred Belt feeders Beach breccia USE: Bearing capacity Non-Preferred BT: Breccia USE: Feeders RT: Beachrock

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 17 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Bench stoping Berthierine Binary granite BT: Cut and fill mining BT: Septechlorite BT: Granite UF: Two mica granite Benchmarking Beryl BT: Quality assurance BT: Gemstones Binders (materials) Industrial minerals BT: Industrial materials Beneficiation NT: Aquamarine RT: Briquetting BT: Mineral processing Emerald Pelleting NT: Mineral beneficiation RT: Beryllium Mineral concentrates Binocular microscopes UF: Ore beneficiation Beryllium BT: Microscopes BT: Alkaline earth metals Benefit cost analysis NT: Beryllium isotopes Bins Non-Preferred RT: Beryl BT: Containers USE: Cost benefit analysis RT: Chutes Beryllium detectors Hoppers Benefit cost ratios BT: Radiation measuring Silos Non-Preferred instruments USE: Cost benefit analysis RT: Radioactivation analysis Biochemical cycles BT: Biochemistry Benioff seismic zone Beryllium isotopes Geochemical cycles Non-Preferred BT: Beryllium NT: Carbon cycle USE: Benioff zones Nitrogen cycle Beryllium moderated reactors Oxygen cycle Benioff zones Non-Preferred Phosphorus cycle BT: Subduction zones USE: Nuclear reactors Sulphur cycle RT: Plate tectonics Sea floor spreading Bessemer converters Biochemical fuel cells UF: Benioff seismic zone BT: Converters Non-Preferred USE: Fuel cells Benthonic foraminifera Bessemer ore BT: Foraminifera BT: Iron ores Biochemistry BT: Chemistry Benthonic zone Beta radiation NT: Bacteriological analysis BT: Oceanic zones BT: Nuclear radiation Biochemical cycles RT: Littoral zone RT: Alpha radiation Palaeobiochemistry Marine geology Gamma radiation Sea floor Radioactive decay Bioclimatology BT: Climatology Bentonite BHP BT: Clay minerals Non-Preferred Biodegradability RT: Absorbents USE: Bottom hole pressure Non-Preferred Activated clay USE: Biodegradation Activating reagents Bibliographic databases Fullers earth Non-Preferred Biodegradation Industrial minerals USE: Reference databases BT: Microbiological processes Montmorillonite RT: , Waste treatment Bibliographies UF: Biodegradability Benzene BT: Documentation BT: Aromatic hydrocarbons RT: Encyclopaedias Biodiversity Indexes (documentation) BT: Ecology Bergschrund Literature reviews BT: Glacial features Biofacies maps RT: Crevasses Bicadinanes Non-Preferred Land ice Non-Preferred USE: Facies maps USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Berkelium Biofiltration BT: Actinide series BIF BT: Filtration Non-Preferred Berkelium isotopes USE: Banded iron formation Biogenesis BT: Radioactive isotopes BT: Origin of life Big bang theory NT: Biogenic sedimentation Berms BT: Origin of the universe RT: Algal structures Non-Preferred RT: Cosmology Coal USE: Sandbars Coral reefs Billabongs Limestone Bemoullis theorum BT: Lakes Palaeontology BT: Hydrodynamics RT: Oxbow lake River features Waterholes

18 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Biogenic sedimentation Biological processes Biostratigraphic correlation BT: Biogenesis Non-Preferred BT: Biostratigraphy Sedimentation USE: Microbiological processes Stratigraphic correlation

Biogeochemical exploration Biological reduction Biostratigraphic logs BT: Biogeochemistry Non-Preferred BT: Logs Geochemical exploration USE: Bacterial reduction NT: Geobotanical exploration Biostratigraphic unit RT: Indicator plants Biological surveys BT: Biostratigraphy UF: Biogeochemical prospecting BT: Surveys RT: Environmental impact Biostratigraphic zone Biogeochemical prospecting surveys BT: Biostratigraphy Non-Preferred UF: Biozone USE: Biogeochemical exploration Biomarker hydrocarbons BT: Biomarkers Biostratigraphy Biogeochemistry Hydrocarbons BT: Stratigraphy BT: Geochemistry RT: Organic geochemistry NT: Biostratigraphic correlation NT: Aerobic processes UF: Bicadinanes Biostratigraphic unit Anaerobic processes Botryococcane Biostratigraphic zone Biogeochemical exploration Cheilanthanes Faunal break Microbiological processes Dinosterane Faunal evolution Photosynthesis Diterpanes Faunal extinctions RT: Geomicrobiology Drimanes Faunal stage UF: Biogeology Gammacerane Faunal succession Hopanes Faunal zone Biogeography Isoprenoid alkanes Floral stage BT: Geography Oleanane Floral succession NT: Palaeobiogeography Phytane Floral zone RT: Ecology Pristane RT: Floral break Sesquiterpanes Floral evolution Biogeology Squalane Floral extinctions Non-Preferred Steranes Palaeontology USE: Biogeochemistry Terpanes Triterpanes Biostrome Biographies Non-Preferred BT: History Biomarkers USE: Bioherms RT: Obituaries BT: Organic chemistry NT: Biomarker hydrocarbons Biota Bioherms RT: Environmental impact BT: Ecology BT: Reefs Sedimentation NT: Riparian zone NT: Mud mounds UF: Biological indicators Termite mounds RT: Algal reefs Biological markers Wetlands Coral reefs RT: Fauna Reef limestone Biomass Flora UF: Biostrome BT: Renewable energy Fossil reefs NT: Bagasse Biotechnology Waste to heat BT: Engineering Biological aerosols RT: Alcohol fuels NT: Biological control Non-Preferred Synthetic fuels Genetic engineering USE: Aerosols UF: Biological energy sources Biotite Biological control Bioremediation BT: Mica BT: Biotechnology BT: Microbiological processes RT: Muscovite Waste treatment Biological energy sources NT: Biosorption Biotite gneiss Non-Preferred RT: Microorganisms BT: Gneiss USE: Biomass Rehabilitation Sequencing batch reactor Biotite schist Biological indicators BT: Mica schist Non-Preferred Biosorption USE: Biomarkers BT: Bioremediation Bioturbation BT: Microbiological processes Biological markers Biosphere Non-Preferred NT: Earth atmosphere Biozone USE: Biomarkers Earth hydrosphere Non-Preferred Earth lithosphere USE: Biostratigraphic zone Biological oxidation UF: Earth biosphere BT: Oxidation Birds Biostatistics Non-Preferred BT: Statistics USE: Aves

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 19 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Birefringence Bituminous cements Blasthole mining Non-Preferred BT: Bitumens BT: Mining USE: Shear wave splitting Cements RT: Asphalts Blasting Bismuth Oil well cements BT: Physical processes BT: Non ferrous metals NT: Blasting design NT: Bismuth isotopes Bituminous coal Blasting methods Bismuth minerals BT: Coal Blasting vibration Maldonite RT: Cannel coal Detonation Coal rank Explosion effects Bismuth glance Subbituminous coal Explosions Non-Preferred UF: Black coal Explosives USE: Bismuthinite Flyrock Bituminous materials Fuses Bismuth isotopes Non-Preferred Misfires BT: Bismuth USE: Bitumens Rock fragmentation Secondary blasting Bismuth minerals Bituminous sands Underwater blasting BT: Bismuth BT: Oil sands RT: Drilling Metalliferous minerals RT: Petroleum resources Face preparation (mining) NT: Bismuthinite UF: Tarsands Property damage Bismutite Rock mechanics Bituminous shale Bismuth spar Non-Preferred Blasting caps Non-Preferred USE: Oil shale Non-Preferred USE: Bismutite USE: Detonators Bivalvia Bismuthinite BT: Mollusca Blasting design BT: Bismuth minerals NT: Trigoniidae BT: Blasting UF: Bismuth glance UF: Lamellibranchia NT: Presplitting Pelecypoda Tunnel blast Bismutite BT: Bismuth minerals Black and white aerial Blasting gelatins UF: Bismuth spar photography BT: Explosives BT: Aerial photography Bits (tools) Blasting methods Non-Preferred Black coal BT: Blasting USE: Drill bits Non-Preferred NT: Smooth blasting USE: Bituminous coal Bitterns Blasting vibration BT: Saltwater Black opal BT: Blasting RT: Brines Non-Preferred NT: Shock waves Sea water USE: Opal RT: Vibrographs

Bitumen stripping test Black sand Blastoidea BT: Physical tests Non-Preferred BT: Crinozoa RT: Aggregates USE: Mineral sands Blastomylonite Bitumenite Black shale BT: Metamorphic rocks Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Mylonite USE: Torbanite USE: Carbonaceous shale Bleaching clay Bitumens Black smokers BT: Clays BT: Petroleum Non-Preferred NT: Asphaltite USE: Submarine hydrothermal BLEG sampling Asphalts vents BT: Geochemical sampling Bituminous cements UF: Bulk cyanide extractable Coal tar Blanket sands gold Coastal bitumens BT: Sediments Bulk cyanide leach Gilsonite RT: Sands Bulk leach extractable gold Tars UF: Sheetsands RT: Waxes Bien de UF: Bituminous materials Blast furnaces Non-Preferred Natural bitumens BT: Metallurgical furnaces USE: Sphalerite NT: Raceway Bituminous bonded refractories RT: Converters Blenders Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Refractory materials Blasthole drilling USE: Blending Non-Preferred USE: Rock drilling

20 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Blending Blue granite Book keeping BT: Mixing Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Aeration USE: Alkali syenite USE: Accounting Agitation UF: Blenders Blue green algae Book reviews Non-Preferred BT: Reviews Blind orebodies USE: Algae RT: Literature reviews Non-Preferred USE: Concealed deposits Blue ground Boosters Non-Preferred BT: Explosives Blister copper USE: Kimberlite RT: Detonators BT: Copper Blue Iamping Bootstrap method Bloating Non-Preferred BT: Statistical analysis BT: Physical properties USE: Fluorescence surveys RT: Kriging RT: Clays Lightweight aggregates Blueschist Borate deposits BT: Schist BT: Borates Block caving Evaporite deposits BT: Caving mining Blueschist facies UF: Borate mineral deposits RT: Breast stoping BT: Metamorphic facies Retreat mining Borate mineral deposits Stope mining Bog iron ore Non-Preferred Sublevel cave mining Non-Preferred USE: Borate deposits Top slice mining USE: Limonite UF: Block caving mining Borate minerals Bog manganese BT: Borates Block caving mining BT: Manganese minerals Non metalliferous minerals Non-Preferred Manganese oxides NT: Borax USE: Block caving RT: Psilomelane UF: Wad Borates Block diagrams BT: Industrial minerals BT: Cartography Boghead coal NT: Borate deposits Non-Preferred Borate minerals Block faults USE: Cannel coal BT: Faults Borax RT: Grabens Boilers BT: Borate minerals BT: Equipment Block mountains NT: Steam boilers Bord and pillar mining BT: Geomorphology RT: Burners Non-Preferred RT: Fault blocks USE: Room and pillar mining Boiling point Blowers BT: Physical properties Bore core Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Ventilation fans Boiling water reactors USE: Drill core Non-Preferred Blowholes USE: Nuclear reactors Bore hole data BT: Coastal features Non-Preferred Bombardment (irradiation) USE: Drill hole data Blowout preventers Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Irradiation Bore logging USE: Blowout prevention Non-Preferred Bonding strength USE: Welllogging Blowout prevention BT: Physical properties BT: Well control Strength of materials Bore logs RT: Drilling RT: Cements Non-Preferred Formation pressure USE: Welllogs Safety devices Bonds Well completion Non-Preferred Bore water Well head USE: Stocks and shares Non-Preferred UF: Blowout preventers USE: Ground water Blowouts Bone breccia BT: Breccia Borehole breakout Blowouts BT: Drilling problems Non-Preferred Boninite USE: Blowout prevention Non-Preferred Borehole cameras USE: Andesite BT: Cameras Blue asbestos NT: Borehole television Non-Preferred cameras USE: Crocidolite

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 21 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Borehole imaging Botany Bottomset bed BT: Borehole surveys BT: Natural science Non-Preferred NT: Flora USE: Current bedding Borehole logging Forestry Non-Preferred Geobotany Boudinage USE: Welllogging Microorganisms BT: Rock deformation Palaeobotany RT: Rock textures Borehole periscopes Palynology UF: Sausage structure BT: Drilling equipment Vegetation UF: Periscopes UF: Phytology Bouguer anomalies Non-Preferred Borehole surveys Botryococcane USE: Gravity anomalies BT: Surveys Non-Preferred NT: Borehole imaging USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Bouguer anomaly maps RT: Dipmeter BT: Gravity maps Well location surveys Bottom blown converters RT: Free air anomaly maps Well logging Non-Preferred Residual anomaly maps UF: Down hole probe USE: Converters Bouguer correction Borehole television cameras Bottom currents Non-Preferred BT: Borehole cameras BT: Ocean currents USE: Gravity corrections RT: Continental slope Boreholes Turbidity currents Boulder clay Non-Preferred BT: Clays USE: Drill holes Bottom dumpers Glacial sediments BT: Materials handling equipment RT: Glacial till Bores RT: Mine transportation Non-Preferred Ore transportation Boulder train USE: Drill holes Side dumpers Non-Preferred Tipplers USE: Boulders Boring Non-Preferred Bottom hole core Boulders USE: Drilling BT: Petroleum exploration BT: Detritus RT: Stratigraphy RT: Glaciers Borings Moraines Non-Preferred Bottom hole pressure UF: Boulder train USE: Drill cuttings BT: Formation pressure RT: Bottom hole temperature Bound water Bornhardts Formation tests Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Gas production methods USE: Hygroscopic water USE: lnselbergs Petroleum production methods Boundary element analysis Bornite Water flooding BT: Statistical analysis BT: Copper minerals Well completion Copper ores Well pressure Boumonite Well tests BT: Copper minerals Boron UF: BHP BT: Non ferrous metals Bowen reaction series NT: Boron isotopes Bottom hole sampling Non-Preferred BT: Geochemical sampling USE: Reaction series Boron isotopes BT: Boron Bottom hole temperature Bowl classifiers BT: Reservoir performance BT: Size classifiers Borosilicate glass RT: Bottom hole pressure RT: Centrifugal separators BT: Glass Petroleum production Drag classifiers methods Rake classifiers Borrow pits Well completion UF: Solid bowl classifiers BT: Pits Well tests RT: Aggregates Bowralite Bottom sampling Non-Preferred Bort BT: Sampling USE: Syenite pegmatite Non-Preferred RT: Freeze sampling USE: Industrial diamonds Geochemical sampling Boxwork Lake sediment sampling Non-Preferred Boss Stream sediment sampling USE: Gossans BT: Igneous intrusions UF: Sea floor sampling RT: Granite Underwater sampling Brachiopoda BT: Invertebrate palaeontology Bostonite NT: Spiriferida BT: Syenite

22 BT-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT~Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Brachyanticline Intraformational breccia Brine salt Non-Preferred Intrusion breccia BT: Brines USE: Anticlines Mega breccia Salt Reef breccia Brachygeosyncline Salt dome breccia Brinell hardness Non-Preferred Scree breccia BT: Hardness tests USE: Geosynclines Shatter breccia Silty breccia Brines Brachysynclines Sinkhole breccia BT: Salt water Non-Preferred Slump breccia NT: Brine salt USE: Synclines Volcanic breccia Thermal brines RT: Melange RT: Bitterns Brackish water UF: Landslide breccia Reservoir fluids Non-Preferred Sea water USE: Salt water Breccia pipes BT: Pipes Briquetting Braided channel Volcanic breccia BT: Mineral processing BT: Rivers RT: Agglomeration Brecciation Binders (materials) Brannerite BT: Rock deformation Extruding BT: Uranium minerals Pelleting UF: Absite Breeder reactors Non-Preferred Brittle deformation Brass USE: Fast breeder reactors BT: Deformation (structural BT: Copper alloys geology) Tin alloys Brick clay BT: Clays Brittle failure Braunite RT: Brick making BT: Materials tests BT: Manganese minerals Brick kilns Brittleness Breached anticline Non-Preferred BT: Physical properties BT: Anticlines USE: Furnaces RT: Hardness RT: Baldheaded anticline Brick making Broken Hill type deposits Breakage BT: Bricks BT: Mineral deposits Non-Preferred RT: Brick clay USE: Rock fragmentation Extruding Bromides BT: Halides Breakers (crushers) Bricks Non-Preferred BT: Ceramics Bromine USE: Crushers NT: Brick making BT: Halogens Firebrick NT: Bromine isotopes Breaking RT: Building stones Non-Preferred Silica brick Bromine isotopes USE: Crushing BT: Bromine Bridges Breakwaters BT: Infrastructure Bromlite BT: Coastal engineering RT: Engineering geology Non-Preferred RT: Beach erosion Roads USE: Barytocalcite Ocean waves Bright coal Bromoform Breast stoping BT: Coal BT: Heavy media BT: Stope mining RT: Block caving Bright spot detection Bronzite BT: Direct detection BT: Pyroxene Breccia RT: Flat spot detection BT: Clastic rocks Bronzitite NT: Beach breccia Brightness Non-Preferred Bone breccia Non-Preferred USE: Pyroxenite Cave breccia USE: Reflectivity Contact breccia Brookite Crush breccia Brilliants Non-Preferred Desiccation breccia Non-Preferred USE: Rutile Diapiric breccia USE: Diamonds Explosion breccia Brown algae Fault breccia Brimstone Non-Preferred Flow breccia Non-Preferred USE: Algae Fold breccia USE: Sulphur Igneous breccia Injection breccia

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 23 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Brown coal Timber Bunching Non-Preferred RT: Aggregates Non-Preferred USE: Lignite Stone USE: Queueing theory

Brownfield& development Building sands Bunds BT: Mine development BT: Building materials BT: Pollution control Project development Sands RT: Greenfields development RT: Construction materials Bunker oil Sand washing Non-Preferred Brucite USE: Fuel oil BT: Magnesium minerals Building stones BT: Building materials Burial Brucite marble Stone BT: Deposition Non-Preferred NT: Dimension stone Sedimentation USE: Marble Stone conservation RT: Bricks Burial history Brunton compass Masonry Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Ornamental stone USE: Diagenesis USE: Magnetic compasses Sandstone Burial history curve Bryophyta Buildings BT: Depth of burial BT: Palaeobotany BT: Architecture RT: Engineering geology Burial metamorphism Bryozoa Foundation investigations Non-Preferred BT: Invertebrate palaeontology Property damage USE: Load metamorphism UF: Polyzoa Bulk cyanide extractable gold Buried channel Bubble columns Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Flotation USE: BLEG sampling USE: Palaeochannel

Bubble size Bulk cyanide leach Buried placer BT: Flotation Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Frothing reagents USE: BLEG sampling USE: Deep leads

Buchite Bulk handling Burners Non-Preferred BT: Materials handling BT: Equipment USE: Hornfels NT: Containerization RT: Boilers RT: Storage Bucket conveyors Transportation Burning Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Conveyors Bulk leach extractable gold USE: Combustion Non-Preferred Bucket dredges USE: BLEG sampling Bush fires Non-Preferred BT: Fires USE: Dredges Bulk mineral analysis RT: Forest fires BT: Chemical analysis Wildfires Bucket wheel excavators NT: Bulk mineral analyzers BT: Wheel excavators Bustamite Bulk mineral analyzers BT: Manganese minerals Budgeting BT: Bulk mineral analysis RT: Rhodonite Non-Preferred Instrumental chemical USE: Accounting analysis Butadienes RT: Control systems BT: Alkenes Buffer stockpiling BT: Commodity economics Bulk mineralogy Butanes RT: Mineral economics BT: Mineralogy BT: Alkanes Stockpiling RT: Liquefied petroleum gas Strategic materials Bulk sampling UF: lsobutane UF: Strategic stockpiling BT: Sampling UF: Barrage sampling Butte Buffers (chemistry) Non-Preferred BT: Chemical properties Bulldozers USE: Mesas RT: pH control BT: Earth moving equipment Buttress dams Building materials Bulldust BT: Dams BT: Construction materials BT: Noncohesive soils RT: Concrete dams NT: Building sands RT: Dust Building stones Byproducts Masonry BT: Mineral processing Paving stone Petroleum refining

24 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

NT: Fly ash Caesium Calcareous ooze RT: Wastes BT: Alkali metals Non-Preferred NT: Caesium isotopes USE: Oozes Bytownite UF: Cesium BT: Plagioclase Calcareous sands Caesium isotopes BT: Sands BT: Caesium RT: Silica sands c Radioactive isotopes UF: Lime sands Shell sand Cages C axis analysis BT: Structural petrology BT: Mine hoisting Calcareous sandstone Mine transportation BT: Sandstone RT: Mine shafts RT: Calcarenite C horizon Non-Preferred Skips Calcareous schist USE: Soil horizons Cainozoic BT: Schist Cable belt conveyors BT: Phanerozoic NT: Quaternary Calcareous sediments BT: Belt conveyors Tertiary BT: Sediments Cable bolting UF: Cenozoic NT: Maris Marts BT: Ground control Caisson Micrite Mine support RT: Rock bolting BT: Mining engineering RT: Carbonate sediments RT: Foundation engineering UF: Anchors (rock) Shaft sinking Calcareous shale Rock anchors Tunnels BT: Shale Cable tool bits Caking coal Calcareous sinter BT: Percussion drill bits Percussion tool bits Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Coking coal USE: Travertine RT: Cable tool drills

Cable tool drilling Calamine Calcareous soils BT: Zinc minerals BT: Soils BT: Percussion drilling UF: Hydrozincite RT: Calcification NT: Cable tool drills RT: Drilling cable Zinc bloom Calcareous tufa Pneumatic drilling Calaverite Non-Preferred UF: Chum drilling BT: Gold ores USE: Travertine Cable tool drills Calc alkaline rocks Calcflinta BT: Cable tool drilling Non-Preferred Percussion drills BT: Igneous rocks USE: Calc silicate hornfels RT: Cable tool bits Calc silicate hornfels UF: Cable tool rigs Chum drills BT: Calc silicate rocks Calcicrete Hornfels Non-Preferred UF: Calcflinta USE: Calcrete Cable tool rigs Non-Preferred Calc silicate rocks Calcification USE: Cable tool drills BT: Metamorphic rocks BT: Mineralization Cables NT: Calc silicate hornfels RT: Calcareous soils Calc silicate schist Soils Non-Preferred RT: Carbonate rocks USE: Wire ropes Calcilutite Calc silicate schist BT: Limestone CAD BT: Calc silicate rocks BT: Computer applications UF: Computer aided design Schist Calcination Non-Preferred Calcarenite USE: Roasting Cadastral maps BT: Maps BT: Limestone RT: Calcareous sandstone calcite RT: Base maps BT: Carbonate minerals Low magnesium calcite Cadmium Calcareous aeolianite NT: Non-Preferred RT: Aragonite BT: Non ferrous metals USE: Aeolianite Barytocalcite NT: Cadmium isotopes UF: Iceland spar Calcareous crust Cadmium isotopes BT: Soil horizons Calcium BT: Cadmium NT: Calcrete BT: Alkaline earth metals Kunkar NT: Calcium carbide Calcium carbonates

USE directs the user to the preferred term 25 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Calcium ferrites Caliche (nitrate) Canyons Calcium fluoride Non-Preferred BT: Geomorphology Calcium isotopes USE: Nitrate deposits RT: River features Calcium phosphates Submarine canyons Calcium silicates Caliche {soil) Valleys Calcium sulphates Non-Preferred UF: Gorges Lime USE: Calcrete Capacitors Calcium carbide Californium BT: Electrical equipment BT: Calcium BT: Actinide series RT: Electrical energy Carbides Energy storage Californium isotopes Calcium carbonates BT: Radioactive isotopes Capillarity BT: Calcium BT: Soil water Carbonates Caliper logging RT: Porosity NT: Chalk BT: Welllogging Soil properties RT: Carbonate minerals NT: Caliper logs UF: Capillary conductivity UF: Whiting Capillary movement Caliper logs Capillary pressure Calcium ferrites BT: Calcium BT: Caliper logging Well logs Capillary conductivity Non-Preferred Calcium fluoride BT: Calcium Callovian USE: Capillarity BT: Chronostratigraphy Fluorides Capillary movement RT: Fluorite Calorific value Non-Preferred BT: Calorimetry USE: Capillarity Calcium isotopes Chemical properties BT: Calcium RT: Coal analysis Capillary pressure UF: Gross heat value Non-Preferred Calcium phosphates Heat value USE: Capillarity BT: Calcium Phosphates Net heat value Specific energy Capillary water RT: Apatite BT: Soil water Calcium silicates Calorimeter RT: Hygroscopic water BT: Calorimetry BT: Calcium RT: Heat capacity Capillary yield Calcium sulphates BT: Soil water BT: Calcium Calorimetry NT: Anhydrite BT: Heat Capital Gypsum NT: Calorific value BT: Financing Plaster Calorimeter RT: Investment RT: Gypsum cements Stocks and shares Calweld drilling UF: Working capital Calcrete Non-Preferred BT: Calcareous crust USE: Large diameter drilling Capital costs RT: Duricrust BT: Costs Ferricrete Cambrian RT: Accounting Gypsite BT: Palaeozoic Operating costs Kunkar Silcrete Cameras Caprock UF: Calcicrete BT: Photographic equipment BT: Salt anticlines Caliche (soil) NT: Borehole cameras Cartographic cameras Caradocian Calculators Stereoscopic cameras BT: Chronostratigraphy BT: Computer software Underwater cameras Equipment Carbides NT: Slide rules Camptonite BT: Carbon compounds RT: Computers Non-Preferred NT: Calcium carbide USE: Lamprophyre Cementite Caldera Iron carbide BT: Volcanoes Canga Silicon carbide RT: Craters Non-Preferred Tungsten carbides USE: Ferricrete UF: Metal carbides Calibration BT: Instruments Cannel coal Carbon RT: Error correction BT: Sapropelic coal BT: Elements Instrumentation RT: Bituminous coal NT: Activated carbon Metering UF: Boghead coal Carbon compounds UF: Error compensation Carbon isotopes

26 BTc...Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Carbonization Carbon monoxide Carbonate rocks Charcoal BT: Gases BT: Sedimentary rocks Fullerenes RT: Carbon compounds NT: Dolomite (rock) RT: Carbon black Limestone Diamonds Carbon ratio RT: Calc silicate rocks Graphite Non-Preferred Carbonate sediments USE: Fixed carbon ratio Carbonatite Carbon arc Marble BT: Materials technology Carbon refractories RT: Carbon filament BT: Refractory materials Carbonate sediments RT: Graphite BT: Sediments Carbon black RT: Calcareous sediments BT: Combustion products Carbon tax Carbonate rocks Industrial materials BT: Taxation RT: Carbon RT: Air pollution control Carbonates Carbonization Greenhouse gases BT: Carbon compounds Pollution control NT: Calcium carbonates Carbon compounds Carbonate minerals BT: Carbon Carbon trading Magnesium carbonates NT: Carbides Non-Preferred Potassium carbonates Carbonates USE: Emissions trading Sodium carbonates Hydrocarbons RT: Carbon monoxide Carbon trash Carbonation BT: Sedimentary rocks BT: Chemical processes Carbon cycle RT: Carbonaceous sediments RT: pH control BT: Biochemical cycles Uranium Water treatment RT: Carbon dioxide Greenhouse effect Carbonaceous ores Carbonatite UF: Carbon dioxide cycle BT: Ores BT: Igneous rocks RT: Carbonate rocks Carbon dating Carbonaceous rocks Kimberlite BT: Radiometric dating UF: Radiocarbon dating BT: Sedimentary rocks Carboniferous Carbon dioxide Carbonaceous sediments BT: Palaeozoic BT: Gases BT: Sediments RT: Carbon cycle NT: Carbonaceous shale Carbonization Gas content Kerogen BT: Carbon Greenhouse gases RT: Carbon trash RT: Carbon black Organic sediments Coalification Carbon dioxide cycle Coke Non-Preferred Carbonaceous shale USE: Carbon cycle BT: Carbonaceous sediments Carborundum Shale Non-Preferred Carbon dioxide flooding RT: Oil shale USE: Silicon carbide BT: Enhanced recovery UF: Black shale Reservoir performance Carcinogens Reservoir stimulation Carbonate minerals BT: Industrial health BT: Carbonates RT: Asbestos Carbon dioxide removal Minerals Radiation hazards BT: Natural gas treatment NT: Ankerite Aragonite Card index systems Carbon filament Azurite Non-Preferred BT: Materials technology Barytocalcite USE: Manual information systems RT: Carbon arc Calcite Cerussite Care and maintenance Carbon in leach process Dolomite (mineral) SN: Use for the suspension of BT: Hydrometallurgy Magnesite mining operations at a site when RT: Carbon in pulp process Malachite mining is anticipated to recommence Gold Rhodochrosite at a later date. Siderite BT: Mine management Carbon in pulp process Smithsonite Plant maintenance BT: Hydrometallurgy Strontianite RT: Mine closure RT: Activated carbon Witherite Carbon in leach process RT: Calcium carbonates Careers Gold BT: Education Carbonate reservoirs Carbon isotopes BT: Petroleum reservoirs Cargo transportation BT: Carbon Non-Preferred Radioactive isotopes USE: Water transportation UF: Radiocarbon

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 27 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Carlin type deposits Case notes Cataclastite BT: Gold deposits Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Disseminated deposits USE: Legal case notes USE: Cataclastic rocks Ore genesis Case studies Catalogues Carlsbad twin law BT: Documentation BT: Information management Non-Preferred UF: Case histories RT: Dictionaries USE: Twinning Documentation Cash bidding Glossaries Carnallite BT: Tenements BT: Evaporite minerals RT: Licences Catalysts Halogen minerals Mining agreements BT: Chemical processes Potassium minerals Petroleum agreements NT: Enzymes RT: Potassium chloride RT: Activating reagents Cash flow Carnelian BT: Accounting Catalytic cracking BT: Chalcedony NT: Discounted cash flow Non-Preferred RT: Economic analysis USE: Cracking process Carnotite BT: Uranium minerals Casing Catchment Non-Preferred BT: Hydrology Cartographic cameras USE: Well casing RT: Watersheds BT: cameras RT: Stereoscopic cameras Casing tools Cathodic protection UF: Mapping cameras BT: Well casing BT: Corrosion prevention RT: Drills RT: Anodic protection Cartography Well head Marine mining BT: Spatial science NT: Block diagrams Casinghead Cathodic stripping voltammetry Conic projection BT: Well head BT: Voltammetry Contours RT: Well completion RT: Anodic stripping Cross sections voltammetry Equatorial projection Casinghead pressure Fence diagrams Non-Preferred Cathodoluminescence Gauss projection USE: Well pressure BT: Luminescence Globular projection Gnomonic projection Cassiterite Cathodoluminescence dating Isometric projection BT: Oxide minerals BT: Age determination methods Longitudinal section Tin minerals Map legend lin ores Cation exchanging Map projection Non-Preferred Mercator projection Cast (sedimentary) USE: lon exchange Normal projection BT: Sedimentary structures Pantographs Cations Photogrammetry Cast iron BT: Ions Planimeters BT: Iron UF: Metal ions Polar projection caustic soda Polyconic projection Casting Non-Preferred Scribing BT: Foundry practice USE: Sodium hydroxide RT: Graphic presentation NT: Continuous casting Mapping Green strength Navigation Materials technology Cave breccia RT: BT: Breccia Stereographic projection Metallurgy RT: Sinkhole breccia UF: Collapse breccia Carving properties Cataclastic breccia Solution breccia Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Sectility USE: Crush breccia Caves BT: Speleology Case hardening (geological) Cataclastic conglomerate NT: Limestone caves BT: Weathering Non-Preferred Potholes USE: Crush conglomerate RT: Karst Case hardening (metallurgical) Stalactites Non-Preferred Cataclastic metamorphism Stalagmites USE: Hardening (materials) BT: Metamorphism Caving mining Case histories Cataclastic rocks BT: Underground mining Non-Preferred BT: Metamorphic rocks NT: Block caving USE: case studies RT: Mylonite UF: Cataclastite CD ROM BT: Computer hardware

28 BT:-Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Celadonite Plaster Ceramic compounds BT: Mica Pozzolan Non-Preferred Well cementing USE: Ceramics Celestite UF: Aluminate cements BT: Strontium minerals Expanding cements Ceramic fuel reactors Sulphate minerals Hydraulic cements Non-Preferred Low heat cements USE: Nuclear reactors Celsian Masonry cements BT: Feldspars White portland cements Ceramic materials Non-Preferred Cement additives Cenozoic USE: Ceramics BT: Additives Non-Preferred RT: Cements USE: Cainozoic Ceramic pipes Non-Preferred Cement aggregate reactions Centrifugal classifiers USE: Ceramics BT: Aggregates Non-Prefe"ed Cements USE: Centrifugal separators Ceramic refractories RT: Chemical processes Non-Preferred Centrifugal compressors USE: Refractory materials Cement grouts Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Compressors Ceramic tiles USE: Grouting Non-Preferred Centrifugal process (uranium) USE: Ceramics Cement making BT: Uranium enrichment BT: Cements Ceramics Centrifugal pumps BT: Materials Cementation Non-Preferred NT: Bricks Non-Preferred USE: Pumps Earthenware USE: Cementation process Pottery Centrifugal separation Silica brick Cementation (diagenesis) BT: Gravity separation Stoneware BT: Diagenesis Size classification RT: Abrasives NT: Centrifugal separators Combustion chambers Cementation process Cyclone separation Firebrick BT: Hydrometallurgy Spiral separation Fireclay refractories UF: Cementation Glass Centrifugal separators Refractory concretes Cemented filling BT: Centrifugal separation Refractory materials BT: Mine filling Gravity separators smcate refractories RT: Paste filling Size classifiers UF: Ceramic coatings NT: Cyclone separators Ceramic compounds Cementing Spiral separators Ceramic materials Non-Preferred RT: Bowl classifiers Ceramic pipes USE: Well cementing Centrifuges Ceramic tiles Cone classifiers Whiteware Cementite Drag classifiers BT: Carbides Rake classifiers Ceramics industry UF: Centrifugal classifiers BT: Industry Cements Ultracentrifuges BT: Materials Cerargyrite NT: Asbestos cements Centrifuges BT: Halogen minerals Bituminous cements BT: Equipment Silver minerals Cement aggregate NT: Impellers reactions RT: Centrifugal separators Cerine Cement making Non-Preferred Gypsum cements Cephalopoda USE: Allanite Lime cements BT: Invertebrata Mortars Mollusca Cerite Oil well cements NT: Ammonoidea Non-Preferred Portland cements Nautiloidea USE: Allanite Resin cements Setting time Ceramic clay Cerium Slag cements BT: Clays BT: Rare earth elements Soil cements NT: Allanite Sulphate resisting cements Ceramic coatings Cerium isotopes RT: Bonding strength Non-Preferred Cement additives USE: Ceramics Cerium isotopes Concrete BT: Cerium Efflorescence Radioactive isotopes Grouting

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 29 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Cerussite Channel sampling Ultimate analysis BT: Carbonate minerals Non-Preferred Volumetric analysis Lead minerals USE: Rock chip sampling Water analysis Lead ores Whole rock analysis Channel sands RT: Chemical composition Cervantite BT: Sands Forensic science BT: Antimony minerals Sandstone Gas detectors RT: River erosion Gas sampling Cesium Physical chemistry Non-Preferred Char Spectroscopy USE: Caesium Non-Preferred Toxic substances USE: Coke Toxicology Cetacea Vacuum fusion analysis BT: Mammalia Charcoal UF: Chemical determination BT: Carbon Geochemical analysis CFC RT: Activated carbon Metallurgical analysis BT: Chemical pollutants RT: Greenhouse gases Charitable trusts Chemical composition PCB BT: Financial analysis BT: Chemistry UF: Chloro fluoro carbons NT: Purity Chloro fluoro hydrocarbons Chamockite RT: Chemical analysis BT: Acid igneous rocks Chain conveyors RT: Granite Chemical compounds BT: Conveyors Plutonic rocks BT: Materials RT: Mine transportation NT: Acids Ore transportation Charts Additives BT: Graphic presentation Alums Chalcanthite RT: Flow charting Coolants BT: Copper minerals Maps Cyanides Sulphate minerals Halogens Chattermark Nitrogen compounds Chalcedony BT: Glacial features Organic compounds BT: Gemstones Oxonium Silica minerals Cheilanthanes Pesticides NT: Carnelian Non-Preferred Phenoxyacetic acid RT: Onyx USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Phosphates Quartz Sulphates Thunder eggs Chemical alteration Thiourea BT: Chemical processes RT: Chemistry Chalcocite UF: Chemicals BT: Copper minerals Chemical analysis Copper ores BT: Analysis Chemical decontamination NT: Digenite Analytical chemistry BT: Decontamination UF: Copper glance NT: Ash analysis RT: Oil slick dispersion Assaying Chalcodite Bulk mineral analysis Chemical determination Non-Preferred Chemical indicators Non-Preferred USE: Stilpnomelane Chromatography USE: Chemical analysis Coal analysis Chalcopyrite Colorimetry Chemical engineering BT: Copper minerals Electrochemical analysis BT: Engineering Copper ores Electrolytic analysis NT: Chemical extraction Sulphide minerals Electron diffraction analysis Chemical processes RT: Copper Gas analysis Fluidization UF: Copper pyrites Gravimetric analysis Fluidized bed processing Heavy mineral analysis Petrochemical engineering Chalcosiderite Instrumental chemical Water treatment BT: Copper minerals analysis RT: Chemistry RT: Turquoise Major element analysis Chlorination Microanalysis Colloid chemistry Chalcostibite Microprobe analysis Dehydration BT: Antimony minerals Multielement analysis Desulphurization Oil analysis Digestion Chalk Organic analysis Electrochemistry BT: Calcium carbonates Proximate analysis Extractive metallurgy Sedimentary rocks Qualitative analysis Petrochemical industry Quantitative analysis Physical chemistry Chamosite Silicate analysis Thermochemistry Non-Preferred Titration USE: Chlorite Trace analysis

30 BT=Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Chemical equilibrium Dissolution Chemical stabilization BT: Chemical processes Efflorescence BT: Chemical processes RT: Chemical properties Emulsification RT: Chemical equilibrium Chemical stabilization Endothermic reactions Soil stabilization Physical properties Exothermic reactions Flocculation Chemical synthesis Chemical extraction Fluoridation Non-Preferred BT: Chemical engineering Fusion USE: Chemical processes Extractive metallurgy Halogenation NT: Chemical precipitation Hydration Chemical weathering RT: Hydrometallurgy Hydrogenation BT: Geochemical processes Leaching Hydrolysis Weathering Ionization NT: Lateritization Chemical fossils Neutralizing Saprolite Non-Preferred Nitrification Tafoni USE: Trace fossils Oxidation RT: Decomposition Photochemical reactions Gossans Chemical grouts Polymerization BT: Grouting Purification Chemicals RT: Sand control Pyrolysis Non-Preferred Reduction (chemistry) USE: Chemical compounds Chemical indicators Sorption BT: Chemical analysis Substitution reactions Chemistry NT: Methyl orange Sulphidization BT: Physical science Phenolphthalein Synthesis NT: Analytical chemistry RT: Colorimetry RT: Cement aggregate Biochemistry UF: Indicators (chemical analysis) reactions Chemical composition Physical chemistry Chemical properties Chemical industry Thermochemistry Coal chemistry BT: Industry UF: Chemical reactions Colloid chemistry NT: Petrochemical industry Chemical synthesis Crystal chemistry Electrochemistry Chemical laboratories Chemical properties Geochemistry BT: Laboratories BT: Chemistry Inorganic chemistry NT: Acidity Mineral chemistry Chemical mining Alkalinity Molecular weight Non-Preferred Buffers (chemistry) Organic chemistry USE: Solution mining Calorific value Physical chemistry Eh value Quantum chemistry Chemical pollutants pH value Radiochemistry BT: Pollution Reactivity Rock chemistry NT: CFC Redox potential Soil chemistry PCB Salinity Water chemistry Solubility RT: Chemical compounds Chemical precipitation Thermochemical properties Chemical engineering BT: Chemical extraction Thermodynamic properties UF: Precipitation (chemistry) RT: Atomic weight Chemographic analysis Chemical equilibrium BT: Chemography Chemical processes Molecular weight BT: Chemical engineering Physical chemistry Chemography NT: Acid treatment Soil properties BT: Mineralogy Acidification NT: Chemographic analysis Activation Chemical reactions Agglomeration Non-Preferred Chemostratigraphy Carbonation USE: Chemical processes BT: Historical geology Catalysts Stratigraphy Chemical alteration Chemical reactors Chemical equilibrium BT: Extractive metallurgy Cheniers Chemical stabilization equipment BT: Coastal features Chlorination Combustion Chemical removal (water Cheralite Cracking process treatment) BT: Thorium minerals Crystallization Non-Preferred Dechlorination USE: Water treatment Cherry pickers Dehydration BT: Equipment Demineralization Chemical sedimentation RT: Tunnelling Desulphurization BT: Sedimentation Digestion Chert Displacement reactions BT: Sedimentary rocks Dissociation Silica minerals

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 31 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

RT: Flint Chlorinators Chromatography Jasper Non-Preferred BT: Chemical analysis Porcellanite USE: Chlorination NT: Gas chromatography Quartz Liquid chromatography Silicification Chlorine Paper chromatography UF: Chert nodule BT: Halogens RT: Absorption NT: Chlorine isotopes Colorimetry Chert nodule Instrumental chemical Non-Preferred Chlorine dating analysis USE: Chert BT: Age determination methods Liquid liquid separation Qualitative analysis Chiastolite Chlorine isotopes Quantitative analysis BT: Aluminium silicates BT: Chlorine Spectroscopy Andalusite Volumetric analysis Chlorite UF: Chromatographic analysis Chiastolite schist BT: Clay minerals Column chromatography BT: Schist RT: Septechlorite Electrochromatography RT: Andalusite schist UF: Chamosite Chrome diopside Chilled margin Chlorite schist BT: Diopside BT: Contact metamorphism BT: Schist RT: Diamond exploration Indicator minerals Chimney (volcanic) Chloritic shale Non-Preferred BT: Shale Chrome spinel USE: Volcanic vents BT: Spinel Chloritization RT: Indicator minerals Chimneys BT: Metamorphism Non-Preferred RT: Saussuritization Chromite USE: Stacks BT: Chromium minerals Chloro fluoro carbons Industrial minerals China clay Non-Preferred Oxide minerals Non-Preferred USE: CFC RT: Chromitite USE: Kaolin Chloro fluoro hydrocarbons Chromite deposits China stone Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: CFC USE: Chromium deposits USE: Kaolin Chromite minerals Chlorophyll Non-Preferred Chiroptera BT: Vegetation USE: Chromium minerals BT: Eutheria Chlorosulphonation Chromitite Chitinozoa Non-Preferred BT: Basic igneous rocks BT: Micropalaeontology USE: Chlorination RT: Chromite Chloanthite Chondrichthyes Chromium BT: Nickel minerals BT: Pisces BT: Non ferrous metals UF: White nickel NT: Chromium deposits Chondrites Chromium isotopes Chloride process Non-Preferred Chromium minerals Non-Preferred USE: Meteorites USE: Chlorination Chromium deposits Chondrules BT: Chromium Chlorides BT: Meteorites Metalliferous deposits BT: Halides RT: Marine sediments UF: Chromite deposits NT: Ferric chloride Potassium chloride CHP generation Chromium isotopes BT: Electrical power generation BT: Chromium Chlorination RT: Cogeneration BT: Chemical processes UF: Combined cycle power Chromium minerals Vapour metallurgy generation BT: Chromium RT: Chemical engineering Combined heat and power Metalliferous minerals Dechlorination generation NT: Chromite Fluoridation UF: Chromite minerals Hydrometallurgy Christmas tree Water treatment Non-Preferred Chromium steel UF: Chloride process USE: Well head BT: Alloy steels Chlorinators Chlorosulphonation Chromatographic analysis Chronostratigraphy Hydrochlorination Non-Preferred BT: Stratigraphy USE: Chromatography NT: Aptian

32 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT~Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Callovian Cirque Clastic dyke Caradocian BT: Glacial features Non-Prefe"ed UF: Time stratigraphy RT: Neve USE: Intrusive sedimentary structures Chronozone Civil engineering Non-Preferred BT: Engineering Clastic ratio USE: Stratigraphic unit NT: Coastal engineering Non-Preferred Drainage (dewatering) USE: Sand shale ratio Chrysoberyl Embankments BT: Gemstones Foundation engineering Clastic rocks Oxide minerals Highway engineering BT: Sedimentary rocks NT: Alexandrite Prestressing NT: Breccia River engineering Conglomerate Chrysocolla RT: Engineering geology Graywacke BT: Copper minerals Mining engineering Grit Rock mechanics Pebble bed Chrysolite Soil mechanics Sandstone Non-Preferred Water supply Shale USE: Olivine Siltstone Clad ism RT: Arenaceous rocks Chrysoprase BT: Palaeontology Argillaceous rocks BT: Gemstones Clays Silica minerals Clara in Pebbles BT: Coal constituents UF: Fragmental rocks Chrysotile UF: Clarinite BT: Serpentine Clastic sediments Clarification BT: Sediments Chum drilling BT: Size classification NT: Clays Non-Preferred NT: Clarifiers Diamictite USE: Cable tool drilling Grit removal Gravel RT: Activated carbon Sands Churn drills Filtration Siliciclastic sediments Non-Preferred Flocculation RT: Piedmont gravel USE: Cable tool drills Flotation Thickening Clay Chutes Water treatment Non-Prefe"ed BT: Materials handling equipment USE: Clays RT: Clarifiers Bins Clay cores Conveyors BT: Clarification Hoppers Size classifiers BT: Earth dams Loading pockets RT: Absorbers Clay deposits lon exchangers Mining BT: Clays Storage Sedimentation tanks Thickeners (equipment) Clay gouge Cinder cones Non-Preferred BT: Volcanic cones Clarinite Non-Preferred USE: Fault gouge USE: Clarain Cinnabar Clay mineralogy BT: Mercury minerals Clarke BT: Mineralogy Sulphide minerals Non-Preferred USE: Crustal abundance Clay minerals CIPW classification BT: Clays BT: Igneous petrology Classical geodesy Industrial minerals Nomenclature Non-Preferred Non metalliferous minerals RT: Igneous rocks USE: Geodesy NT: Bentonite Petrology Chlorite Classification Dickite Circular shafts BT: Taxonomy Gibbsite BT: Mine shafts RT: Nomenclature Glauconite Halloysite Circulation fluid Classifiers Hydromuscovite Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Illite USE: Drilling fluids USE: Size classifiers Kaolin Montmorillonite Circum pacific belt Clastic deformation Palygorskite BT: Plate tectonics BT: Deformation (structural Sepiolite RT: Island arcs geology) Vermiculite RT: Metamorphism RT: Fullers earth Plastic deformation Marls Rock deformation UF: Beidellite

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 33 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Clay pits Cleavage Precipitation (meteorology) BT: Clays BT: Rock structures Solar radiation Pits NT: Axial plane cleavage Storms Bedding plane cleavage Sunlight Clay shale Crenulation cleavage Weather Non-Preferred Fracture cleavage UF: Climate USE: Shale Shear cleavage Slaty cleavage Climbing ripple Clay slate Strain slip cleavage Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Foliation USE: Ripple marks USE: Slate Schistosity UF: Basal cleavage Clinker Clay soils BT: Coal combustion BT: Cohesive soils Cleavage banding RT: Clays BT: Rock structures Clinoenstatite Fullers earth RT: Foliation BT: Pyroxene Schistosity Clay pan Strain slip cleavage Clinometers BT: Lakes BT: Field instruments RT: Playa lakes Cleavage plane BT: Rock structures Clinopyroxene Clays RT: Foliation BT: Pyroxene BT: Clastic sediments Schistosity NT: Ball clay Clinozoisite Bleaching clay Cliffs BT: Epidote Boulder clay BT: Coastal features Brick clay RT: Escarpments Closed structure Ceramic clay Marine erosion Non-Preferred Clay deposits USE: Structural closure Clay minerals Climate Clay pits Non-Preferred Closure Coating clay USE: Climatology Non-Preferred Filler clay USE: Structural closure Flint clay Climate change Moulding clay BT: Climatology Cloud cover Paper clay RT: Global warming BT: Climatology Pelleting clay RT: Solar radiation Pipe clay Climatic cycles Plastic clay BT: Climatology Cloud seeding Pottery clay RT: Palaeoclimatology BT: Precipitation (meteorology) Refractory clays Climatic zones Underclay Clouded agate BT: Geography Whiteclay Non-Preferred NT: Arid environment RT: Bloating USE: Agate Equatorial zone Clastic rocks Polar regions Clay soils Clustering Temperate regions Fillers BT: Multivariate analysis Tropical regions Fines RT: Discriminant analysis Lightweight aggregates Climatology Moulding materials BT: Earth sciences Cnidaria PCE equivalent NT: Atmospheric circulation BT: Coelenterata Refractory materials Bioclimatology Rheology Climate change Coagulation Thixotropy Climatic cycles Non-Preferred UF: Clay Cloud cover USE: Flocculation Continental climate Claystone Diurnal variation Coal BT: Sedimentary rocks Droughts BT: Fossil fuels RT: Argillaceous rocks Global warming Sedimentary rocks Mudstone Meteorology NT: Allochthonous coal Microclimatology Anthracite Clean coal technology Palaeoclimatology Autochthonous coal BT: Coal preparation Seasonal variation Banded coal RT: Arid environment Bituminous coal Cleat Deserts Bright coal BT: Coal seams Earth atmosphere Coal ash RT: Jointing Eustacy Coal chemistry Forecasting Coal combustion Glaciation Coal constituents Greenhouse gases Coal dust

34 BT-Broader term; Nr-Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Coal exploration Vitrinite Coal geology Coal fields Volatile matter BT: Coal Coal genesis RT: Coal analysis Geology Coal geology Coal petrology Coal production Lignin Coal handling Coal properties UF: Coal macerals BT: Materials handling Coal quality Macerals RT: Coal mining Coal rank Coal storage Coal reserves Coal consumption Slurries Coal resources BT: Coal statistics Coke Consumption Coal industry Coking coal RT: Coal production BT: Mining industry Dull coal NT: Coal statistics High sulphur coal Coal conversion RT: Mineral industry Lignite BT: Synthetic fuels Petroleum industry Noncoking coal NT: Coal gasification Pulverized coal Coal liquefaction Coal liquefaction Sapropelic coal RT: Combustion BT: Coal conversion Subbituminous coal NT: Sasol process Ultraclean coal Coal cutters RT: Hydrogenation RT: Biogenesis BT: Coal mining Synthetic fuels Excavation equipment Coal analysis RT: Coal loaders Coal loaders BT: Chemical analysis BT: Coal mining NT: Fixed carbon ratio Coal degasification RT: Coal cutters Tree flotation Non-Preferred RT: Calorific value USE: Methane drainage Coal macerals Coal constituents Non-Preferred Coal deposits UF: Ultimate analysis (coal) USE: Coal constituents BT: Coal fields Coal ash NT: Coal seams Coal measures BT: Coal Non-Preferred Coal dust RT: Fly ash USE: Coal fields UF: Ash content BT: Coal Dust Coal mines NT: Dust explosions Coal basins BT: Coal mining Non-Preferred RT: Coal mines Mines Mine dust USE: Coal fields Coal dust Mine fires RT: Mine fires Coal chemistry Mine ventilation Mine gases BT: Chemistry Mine hoisting Coal exploration Coal Mine shafts BT: Coal Organic chemistry Mine ventilation Exploration UF: Coal pits RT: In seam drilling Coal classification Collieries Non-Preferred Coal fields USE: Coal rank Coal mining BT: Coal BT: Mining Coal cleaning NT: Coal deposits NT: Coal cutters RT: Coal resources Non-Preferred Coal loaders Coal seams USE: Coal preparation Coal mines Underclay Coal recovery UF: Coal basins Coal combustion Continuous mining Coal measures BT: Coal Degasification Combustion Highwall mining Coal gas NT: Clinker Longwall mining BT: Gases RT: Coal oil mixtures Mine roads Coal water mixtures RT: Synthesis gas Multiple seam mining Synthetic gas Retreat mining UF: Town gas Coal constituents Room and pillar mining BT: Coal Short wall mining Coal gasification NT: Alginite Thick seam mining BT: Coal conversion Clara in Thin seam mining Durain Gasification RT: Coal handling Exinite Coal genesis Coal outbursts Fusain BT: Coal Coal storage Huminite NT: Allochthonous coal Floor heave Inertinite Autochthonous coal Highwall Mineral matter Coalification In seam seismic surveys Vitrain RT: Coal rank Mine ventilation

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 35 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Open cut mining Coal recovery Coalification Pillar recovery BT: Coal mining BT: Coal genesis Single entry development Recovery RT: Carbonization Stope mining Coal rank Strip mining Coal reserve estimation Thermal maturity Surface mining BT: Coal reserves Vitrinite reflectance Trackless mining RT: Ore reserve estimation UF: Peat to anthracite theory Underground mining Petroleum reserve estimation Coarse aggregates Coal oil mixtures Non-Preferred BT: Fuels Coal reserves USE: Aggregates RT: Coal combustion BT: Coal Coal water mixtures Coal resources Coarse grained rock Reserves Non-Preferred Coal outbursts NT: Coal reserve estimation USE: Rock textures BT: Underground explosions RT: Coal mining Coal resource maps Coarse sand Methane drainage BT: Resource maps Non-Preferred Outburst prevention USE: Sands Rock bursts Coal resources BT: Coal Coarsely crystalline Coal petrology Natural resources Non-Preferred BT: Organic petrology NT: Coal reserves USE: Rock textures RT: Coal constituents RT: Coal fields Oil shale petrology Resource assessment Coast protection BT: Coastal engineering Coal pits Coal seams RT: Beach erosion Non-Preferred BT: Coal deposits Coastal management USE: Coal mines NT: Cleat UF: Beach protection RT: Coal fields Shore protection Coal policy Coal statistics BT: Energy policy Coastal berms BT: Coal industry Non-Preferred Coal preparation Industry statistics USE: Sandbars Mineral statistics BT: Mineral processing NT: Coal consumption NT: Clean coal technology Coastal bitumens RT: Desulphurization Coal prices BT: Bitumens Coal production Size classification RT: Oil seepages RT: Exports Teetered bed separators UF: Coal cleaning Statistics Coastal capes Coal washing BT: Coastal features Coal storage Landforms Coal prices BT: Fuel storage RT: Coal handling BT: Coal statistics Coastal dunes Coal mining Prices BT: Coastal features Hoppers Dunes Reclaiming Coal production BT: Coal Coastal energy Coal statistics Coal tar BT: Renewable energy BT: Bitumens RT: Coal consumption NT: Current energy Tidal energy Coal properties Coal washing Wave energy Non-Preferred BT: Coal USE: Coal preparation NT: Gas content Coastal engineering BT: Civil engineering Coal wastes Coal quality NT: Artificial reefs BT: Mine wastes BT: Coal Breakwaters NT: Low grade coal Coast protection Coal water mixtures RT: Beach erosion BT: Fuels Coal rank Harbours BT: Coal RT: Coal combustion Coal oil mixtures NT: Low rank coal Coastal erosion RT: Anthracite BT: Erosion Bituminous coal Coalbed gas NT: Beach erosion Non-Preferred Coal genesis USE: Coalbed methane Coalification Coastal features Ugnite Coalbed methane BT: Coasts UF: Coal classification BT: Methane NT: Bays RT: Methane drainage Beaches UF: Coalbed gas Blowholes

36 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Cheniers Cobalt deposits Coffinite Cliffs BT: Cobalt BT: Uranium ores Coastal capes Metalliferous deposits RT: Hydrothermal deposits Coastal dunes Sandstone Coastal plains Cobalt isotopes Deltas BT: Cobalt Cogeneration Estuaries Radioactive isotopes BT: Electrical power generation Gulfs RT: CHP generation Harbours Cobalt minerals Shores BT: Cobalt Cohesion Tidal flats Metalliferous minerals BT: Physical properties Wave cut platforms NT: Cobaltite RT: Bearing capacity RT: Continental shelf Erythrite Soil mechanics Dunes Linnaeite UF: Cohesive strength Glacial features Smaltite Lagoons Cohesionless soils Ocean basins Cobaltite Non-Preferred Oceans BT: Cobalt minerals USE: Noncohesive soils Reefs Submarine topographic Cobbles Cohesive soils features Non-Preferred BT: Soils UF: Coastal topographic features USE: Pebbles NT: Clay soils RT: Lacustrine soils Coastal management Coccolith Loams BT: Coasts BT: Micropalaeontology Silts Environmental protection RT: Coast protection Code of ethics Cohesive strength Land use planning BT: Codes Non-Preferred RT: Code of practice USE: Cohesion Coastal onlap Guidelines Non-Preferred UF: Ethics Coiled tubing USE: Marine transgression Professional ethics BT: Drilling equipment RT: Drill pipe Coastal plains Code of practice Petroleum production BT: Coastal features BT: Codes methods NT: Guidelines Coastal topographic features RT: Code of ethics Coke Non-Preferred BT: Coal USE: Coastal features Codes NT: Coke making BT: Standards Coke ovens Coasts NT: Code of ethics RT: Carbonization BT: Landforms Code of practice UF: Char NT: Coastal features Mining code Coke breeze Coastal management Safety code Metallurgical coke RT: Specifications Coating clay Coke breeze BT: Clays Coefficient of friction Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Coke Coatings USE: Friction (engineering) BT: Materials Coke making NT: Organic coatings Coefficient of variation BT: Coke Precious metal coatings BT: Statistical analysis Protective coatings RT: Standard deviation Coke ovens Refractory coatings BT: Coke RT: Corrosion prevention Coefficient of viscosity Furnaces Inhibitors Non-Preferred Pigments USE: Viscosity Coking coal BT: Coal Cobalt Coelenterata RT: Noncoking coal BT: Non ferrous metals BT: Invertebrata UF: Caking coal NT: Cobalt deposits Invertebrate palaeontology Metallurgical coal Cobalt isotopes NT: Anthozoa Cobalt minerals Cnidaria Coleoidea Ediacaran fauna BT: Invertebrate palaeontology Cobalt bloom Hydrozoa Non-Preferred Scyphozoa Collapse breccia USE: Erythrite Non-Preferred Cofferdams USE: Cave breccia BT: Dams

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 37 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Collapse craters Colorimetry Spontaneous combustion BT: Craters BT: Chemical analysis RT: Coal conversion RT: Sinkholes Molecular spectroscopy Exothermic reactions RT: Chemical indicators Heat balance Collapsing soils Chromatography Heat of combustion BT: Soils Spectrometers Pyrolysis RT: Soil mechanics UF: Colorimeters UF: Burning Colorimetric analysis Collecting reagents Colorimetric methods Combustion chambers Non-Preferred BT: Combustion USE: Activating reagents Colour RT: Ceramics BT: Physical properties Firebrick Collenia RT: Striations BT: Stromatolites Combustion control Colour aerial photography BT: Combustion Collieries BT: Aerial photography Non-Preferred UF: Aerial colour photography Combustion efficiency USE: Coal mines BT: Combustion Colour photography Collision zone BT: Photography Combustion products BT: Tectonics BT: Combustion RT: Plate tectonics Columbite NT: Carbon black BT: Niobium RT: Air pollution Colloform NT: Tantalum Airborne wastes Non-Preferred RT: Granite Dust USE: Mineral textures Pegmatite Waste gases Tantalite Colloid chemistry UF: Dianite Comets BT: Chemistry Greenlandite BT: Extraterrestrial geology NT: Colloids Niobite RT: Solar system Syneresis RT: Chemical engineering Columbium Commerce Physical chemistry Non-Preferred BT: Financing USE: Niobium NT: Trade balance Colloids Trade practices BT: Colloid chemistry Column chromatography RT: Stocks and shares UF: Gels Non-Prefe"ed UF: Trade USE: Chromatography Colloquium Comminution Non-Preferred Column flotation BT: Mineral processing USE: Conferences BT: Flotation NT: Comminution equipment Crushing Colluvial deposit Column leaching Grinding Non-Preferred BT: Leaching High pressure comminution USE: Colluvium RT: Granulation Columnar jointing Rock fragmentation Colluvium BT: Jointing Size screening BT: Soils UF: Prismatic jointing UF: Attrition (materials) RT: Landslides Milling (comminution) Scree Columnar section Particle size reduction UF: Colluvial deposit Non-Preferred (crushing) USE: Stratigraphic section Size reduction (comminution) Coloradoite BT: Mercury minerals Combined cycle power generation Comminution equipment Non-Preferred BT: Comminution Colorimeters USE: CHP generation Equipment Non-Preferred NT: Crushers USE: Colorimetry Combined heat and power Grinding mills generation Tower mills Colorimetric analysis Non-Preferred RT: Mineral processing equipment Non-Preferred USE: CHP generation USE: Colorimetry Commissioning Combustion BT: Project management Colorimetric methods BT: Chemical processes NT: Decommissioning Non-Prefe"ed NT: Coal combustion Recommissioning USE: Colorimetry Combustion chambers Combustion control Commodity agreements Colorimetric sorting Combustion efficiency BT: Commodity economics BT: Ore sorting Combustion products Contractual arrangements Flameless combustion

38 BT=Broader term; NT=Na"ower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Marketing Compaction curve Compression faults RT: Mineral economics BT: Compaction BT: Faults Trade practices RT: Soil mechanics UF: Reverse fault Soil water Commodity economics Compression tests BT: Mineral economics Compaction folds BT: Physical tests NT: Buffer stockpiling BT: Folds RT: Hardness tests Commodity agreements UF: Triaxial compression test Compaction test Common carriers Non-Preferred Compressional waves BT: Transportation USE: Compaction Non-Preferred RT: Pipeline transportation USE: Primary waves Companies Common opal BT: Organizations Compressive properties Non-Preferred NT: Acquisitions Non-Preferred USE: Opal Mergers USE: Compressive strength Multinational companies Communications Compressive strength NT: Mine communications Compasses BT: Physical properties Radio communication Non-Preferred Strength of materials Telecommunications USE: Magnetic compasses Stress Television RT: Shear strength Video applications Compensation UF: Compressive properties RT: Computer networks BT: Industrial relations Crushing strength Optical fibres Community development Competent rock Compressor stations BT: Structural geology BT: Compressors NT: Mining towns RT: Incompetent rock RT: Infrastructure Land use planning Compressors Complex folds BT: Equipment Living standards BT: Folds NT: Air compressors Remote areas Urban planning RT: Cross folds Compressor stations Gas compressors Commuter mining Complex ores Superchargers SN: Provision for commuting to BT: Ores RT: Compressed air work at remote mine site as against RT: Refractory ores UF: Axial flow compressors provision of residential Centrifugal compressors accommodation on site Composite intrusions Reciprocating compressors BT: Personnel management BT: Igneous intrusions Rotary compressors RT: Infrastructure UF: Fly in fly out Composite logs Computer aided design BT: Welllogs Non-Preferred Compactibility USE: CAD BT: Physical properties Composite materials RT: Compaction BT: Materials technology Computer applications Diagenesis RT: Metals BT: Computers Soil properties NT: CAD UF: Compressibility Composite photographs Computer control Non-Preferred Computer graphics Compacting USE: Photomosaics Computer modelling Non-Preferred Computer networks USE: Compaction Composition Computer simulation BT: Mineralogy Expert systems Compaction RT: Multimedia BT: Foundation engineering Compressed air UF: Computer methods NT: Compaction curve BT: Gases Computer processing Roll compacting RT: Air compressors Computer technology Tamping Compressors Vibratory compacting Energy storage Computer contouring RT: Agglomeration Non-Preferred Compactibility Compressed gas USE: Computer graphics Earth filling BT: Gases Vibration Computer control UF: Compacting Compressibility BT: Computer applications Compaction test Non-Preferred Control systems Consolidation USE: Compactibility RT: Automation Differential compaction Remote control Compression Compaction (geology) BT: Physical processes BT: Diagenesis

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 39 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Computer graphics Computer storage devices Conchostraca BT: Computer applications Non-Preferred BT: Invertebrate palaeontology RT: Contour maps USE: Computer hardware GIS Concordant bedding Multimedia Computer technology BT: Sedimentary structures UF: Computer contouring Non-Preferred USE: Computer applications Concordant drainage Computer hardware BT: Drainage (geomorphology) BT: · Computers Computer viruses NT: CD ROM BT: Computer software Concrete Magnetic tapes BT: Construction materials Visual display terminals Computerized simulation NT: Concrete products RT: Data processing Non-Preferred Lightweight concrete UF: Computer storage devices USE: Computer simulation Post tensioned concrete Data processing equipment Precast concrete Hardware (computers) Computers Prestressed concrete Magnetic cards BT: Information technology Ready mixed concrete Magnetic disks NT: Analogue computers Sulphate soundness Punched cards Computer applications RT: Cements Punched tapes Computer hardware Grouting Computer software UF: Reinforced concrete Computer methods Digital computers Non-Preferred Hybrid computers Concrete dams USE: Computer applications Microcomputers BT: Dams Multimedia RT: Arch dams Computer modelling RT: Calculators Buttress dams BT: Computer applications UF: Computing machines Gravity dams Simulation Minicomputers RT: Computer simulation Concrete piles Computing machines BT: Piles Computer networks Non-Preferred RT: Sheet piles BT: Computer applications USE: Computers UF: Prestressed concrete piles RT: Communications UF: Networks (computer) Concave cross bedding Concrete products Non-Preferred BT: Concrete Computer processing USE: Current bedding Non-Preferred Concretion USE: Computer applications Concealed deposits BT: Diagenesis BT: Mineral deposits NT: Pearl Computer programs UF: Blind orebodies RT: Spherulite BT: Computer software UF: Lime concretion UF: Programs (computers) Concentrates Non-Preferred Condensate gas Computer simulation USE: Mineral concentrates Non-Preferred BT: Computer applications USE: Natural gas Simulation Concentrating NT: Analogue simulation Non-Preferred Condensate wells Digital simulation USE: Mineral separation BT: Wells RT: Computer modelling RT: Gaswells Mathematical models Concentrators Oil wells Models Non-Preferred Operations research USE: Mineral separators Condensates UF: Computerized simulation Non-Preferred Concentric folds USE: Natural gas liquids Computer software BT: Folds BT: Computers RT: Cylindrical folds Condensers (liquefiers) NT: Applicationsoftware UF: Parallel fold BT: Cooling Calculators Computer programs Concentric structures Condensing Computer viruses Non-Preferred BT: Vapourization Development software USE: Ring complex RT: Sublimation RT: Artificial intelligence Data processing Concentric weathering Condensing steam drive UF: Diagnostic routines Non-Preferred BT: Reservoir stimulation Programming (computers) USE: Spheroidal weathering RT: Oil recovery Programming languages Water drive Software (computers) Conceptual models Water flooding Sorting routines Non-Preferred USE: Philosophical models Condition monitoring BT: Monitoring

40 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Re/ated term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Conductivity lnterformational Recycling BT: Electrical properties conglomerate Revegetation NT: Superconductivity lntrafonnational RT: Resistivity conglomerate Consolidated back fill Thennal conductivity UF: Arkosic conglomerate Non-Preferred Banket USE: Mine filling Conductivity logging Basal conglomerate BT: Electrical well logging Conglomeratic mudstone Consolidation NT: Conductivity logs Conglomeratic sandstone Non-Preferred Dolomitic conglomerate USE: Compaction Conductivity logs Mudstone conglomerate BT: Conductivity logging Orthoconglomerate Constitution diagrams Electrical well logs Rudite Non-Preferred RT: Resistivity logs Sandy conglomerate USE: Phase diagrams

Cone classifiers Conglomeratic mudstone Constraints BT: Size classifiers Non-Preferred BT: Mathematical programming RT: Centrifugal separators USE: Conglomerate RT: Linear programming Cyclone separators Planning Slime tanks Conglomeratic sandstone Non-Preferred Construction costs Cone crushers USE: Conglomerate BT: Costs BT: Crushers RT: Gyratory crushers Congress Construction materials Impact crushers Non-Preferred BT: Industrial materials Roll crushers USE: Conferences NT: Building materials Concrete Cone in cone structure Conic projection RT: Aggregates BT: Sedimentary structures BT: Cartography Building sands Sand pits Cone of depression Conical mills UF: Extractive minerals BT: Ground water withdrawal Non-Preferred RT: Pumping USE: Ball mills Consultants BT: Project management Conferences Coniferales RT: Geoscientists BT: Education Non-Preferred Professional societies UF: Colloquium USE: Gymnospennae Congress Consumer tariffs Conventions Conjugate system Non-Preferred Meetings BT: Fault system USE: Tariffs Seminar· Symposium Connate water Consumption BT: Ground water BT: Industry statistics Confidence limits RT: Fonnation water NT: Coal consumption BT: Statistical analysis Energy consumption RT: Standard deviation Conodont colour alteration index Petroleum consumption BT: Maturation Confidentiality RT: Conodonta Contact breccia BT: Contractual arrangements Petroleum genesis BT: Breccia

Confined aquifer Conodonta Contact goniometer Non-Preferred BT: Micropalaeontology Non-Preferred USE: Artesian aquifers RT: Conodont colour alteration USE: Goniometers index Confined water Contact logging Non-Preferred Consequent streams Non-Preferred USE: Artesian water BT: Streams USE: Resistivity logging RT: Antecedent streams Confining beds Subsequent streams Contact logs BT: Aquifers Non-Preferred RT: Aquitards Conservation USE: Resistivity logs BT: Environmental science Confining pressure NT: Energy conservation Contact metamorphism Non-Preferred Mineral conservation BT: Metamorphism USE: Hydrostatic pressure Soil conservation NT: Chilled margin Water conservation RT: Delithification Conglomerate RT: Ecology Gametization BT: Clastic rocks Land use planning Thermal aureole gold NT: Crush conglomerate Pollution Desiccation conglomerate Reclamation

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 41 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Contact metasomatism Continental margin Continuous profiling BT: Metasomatism BT: Continental shelf Non-Preferred NT: Active margin USE: Seismic reflection surveys Containerization Passive margin BT: Bulk handling RT: Continental slope Continuous sintering Non-Preferred Containers Continental movement USE: Sintering BT: Storage BT: Plate tectonics NT: Bins RT: Plate movement rate Continuous spectra Hoppers BT: Emission spectra Silos Continental platform Non-Preferred Continuous weighing Contaminant migration USE: Continental shelf BT: Mineral processing BT: Contamination UF: Weightometers RT: Geochemistry Continental rise Ground water pollution BT: Submarine topographic Contorted bedding UF: Contaminant transport features Non-Preferred NT: Contourites USE: Convolute bedding Contaminant transport RT: Continental slope Non-Preferred Submarine canyons Contour interval USE: Contaminant migration Submarine plains BT: Contours

Contaminants Continental shelf Contour line Non-Preferred BT: Submarine topographic BT: Contours USE: Contamination features UF: Form line NT: Continental accretion Contamination Continental margin Contour maps BT: Purity RT: Coastal features BT: Contours NT: Contaminant migration Continental slope Maps RT: Ground water Inland sea NT: Topographic maps Laboratory tests Littoral zone RT: Computer graphics Pollution Neritic zone UF: Contaminants Shallow water Contourites Submarine canyons BT: Continental rise Contemporaneous deformation UF: Continental platform Deposition BT: Sedimentary structures RT: Ocean currents UF: Penecontemporaneous Continental shield deformation Non-Preferred Contours USE: Shield BT: cartography Contemporaneous erosion NT: Contour interval BT: Erosion Continental slope Contour line BT: Submarine topographic Contour maps Contemporaneous faults features Non-Preferred RT: Bathyal zone Contract services USE: Growth faults Bottom currents BT: Contractual arrangements Continental margin RT: Management Continental accretion Continental rise BT: Continental shelf Continental shelf Contracts RT: Crustal evolution Submarine canyons Non-Preferred Plate tectonics Turbidity currents USE: Contractual arrangements

Continental breakup Continents Contractual arrangements BT: Plate tectonics BT: Landforms BT: Management RT: Epeirogeny NT: Commodity agreements Continental climate Confidentiality BT: Climatology Continuing education Contract services BT: Education Dispute resolution Continental crust International agreements BT: Earth crust Continuous casting Mining agreements RT: Crustal evolution BT: casting Non disclosure agreements Oceanic crust Partnerships UF: Sial Continuous coring Petroleum agreements BT: Core drilling Sole risk Continental deposits RT: Joint ventures Non-Preferred Continuous mining UF: Agreements USE: Terrestrial sediments BT: Coal mining Contracts

Continental drift Continuous processes Control circuits BT: Plate tectonics BT: Mineral processing Non-Preferred RT: Smelting USE: Control systems

42 BT=Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Control rods Conveyor belts Copper isotopes BT: Nuclear reactors Non-Preferred Copper minerals USE: Belt conveyors Copper mines Control systems Copper ores BT: Engineering Conveyors Copper oxides NT: Automatic control BT: Materials handling equipment Copper production Computer control NT: Belt conveyors Copper refining Electronic control Chain conveyors Copper reserves Flow charting Hydraulic conveyors Copper resources Flow control Oscillating conveyors Copper smelting Flow measurement Pneumatic conveyors Copper sulphate Pneumatic control Screw conveyors Copper sulphides Pollution control RT: Chutes Native copper Process control Feeders RT: Chalcopyrite Quality control Loaders Remote control Mine transportation Copper alloys Temperature control Ore transportation BT: Alloys Voltage regulation UF: Bucket conveyors Copper RT: Bulk mineral analyzers NT: Brass lnstream analysis Convolute bedding Monitoring BT: Sedimentary structures Copper arsenate UF: Control circuits UF: Contorted bedding BT: Copper Regulators Coolants Copper carbonates Controlled blasting BT: Chemical compounds BT: Copper Non-Prefe"ed RT: Cooling USE: Presplitting Cooling systems Copper chloride BT: Copper Convection Cooling BT: Economic geology BT: Environmental management Copper converters Ground water NT: Air cooling BT: Converters Meteorology Condensers (liquefiers) Copper Oceanography Cooling systems Tectonics Evaporative cooling Copper deposits Refrigeration BT: Base metal deposits Conventions Water cooling Copper Non-Preferred Water jackets NT: Porphyry copper deposits USE: Conferences RT: Coolants Red bed copper deposits Heat recovery Convergence map Heat transfer Copper exploration Non-Preferred BT: Exploration USE: lsochore maps Cooling curves Convergent margin BT: Phase equilibria Copper glance BT: Plate tectonics RT: Phase diagrams Non-Preferred USE: Chalcocite Convergent plate boundary Cooling systems Non-Preferred BT: Cooling Copper isotopes USE: Subduction zones NT: Air conditioning BT: Copper Cooling towers • Converter reactors RT: Coolants Copper matte Non-Preferred Ventilation BT: Copper smelting USE: Nuclear reactors Matte Cooling towers Converters BT: Cooling systems Copper minerals BT: Metallurgical furnaces RT: Evaporative cooling BT: Copper NT: Basic converters Water conservation Metalliferous minerals Bessemer converters UF: Water cooling towers NT: Atacamite Copper converters Azurite Lead converters Coorongite Bornite Nickel converters BT: Sapropel Boumonite Oxygen blown converters Chalcanthite Steel converters Copper Chalcocite Tuyeres BT: Base metals Chalcopyrite RT: Blast furnaces NT: Blister copper Chalcosiderite Smelters Copper alloys Chrysocolla UF: Air blown converters Copper arsenate Covellite Bottom blown converters Copper carbonates Cubanite Metallurgical converters Copper chloride Cuprite Side blown converters Copper converters Dioptase Top blown converters Copper deposits Enargite

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 43 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Goldfieldite Coquina Core library Malachite BT: Limestone Non-Preferred Native copper USE: Core storage Stannite Coral Stromeyerite BT: Anthozoa Core logging Tennantite NT: Fossil coral BT: Logging Tetrahedrite Rugose coral NT: Core logs RT: Oxide minerals Tabulate coral RT: Drill core analysis Sulphate minerals RT: Coral reefs Sulphide minerals Core logs Coral limestone BT: Core logging Copper mines Non-Preferred Logs BT: Copper USE: Reef limestone RT: Drill core Mines Coral reefs Core orientation Copper ores BT: Reefs BT: Drill core BT: Copper NT: Atolls UF: Magnetic core orientation NT: Azurite Barrier reefs Oriented core Bornite Fringing reefs Oriented core barrel Chalcocite Glacial control theory Chalcopyrite RT: Biogenesis Core photographs Cuprite Bioherms BT: Core photography Malachite Coral Core photography Copper oxides Cordierite BT: Core sampling BT: Copper BT: Silicate minerals NT: Core photographs

Copper production Cordillera Core recovery BT: Copper BT: Geomorphology BT: Core drilling Mineral statistics RT: Fold mountains Core samples Copper pyrites Core analysis BT: Core sampling Non-Preferred BT: Reservoir engineering USE: Chalcopyrite NT: Rock eval pyrolysis Core sampling RT: Drill core analysis BT: Sampling Copper refining NT: Core photography BT: Copper Core barrels Core samples Refining BT: Coring equipment Drill core NT: Rotary core barrel Drill core sampling Copper reserves Rubber sleeve core barrel RT: Drill core analysis BT: Copper Sidewall core barrel Copper resources Wire line core barrel Core storage Ore reserves UF: Punch core barrel BT: Drill core NT: Corebox Copper resources Core bits UF: Core library BT: Copper Non-Preferred Mineral resources USE: Coring bits Cores (drill) NT: Copper reserves Non-Preferred Core box USE: Drill core Copper smelting BT: Core storage BT: Copper Coring Smelting Core complex Non-Preferred NT: Copper matte Non-Preferred USE: Core drilling RT: lsasmelt USE: Metamorphic complex Sirosmelt Coring bits Core drilling BT: Coring equipment Copper sulphate BT: Drilling Drill bits BT: Copper NT: Continuous coring RT: Diamond bits Core recovery Rotary drill bits Copper sulphides Coring equipment UF: Core bits BT: Copper RT: Air core drilling Diamond drilling Coring equipment Coprolites Directional drilling BT: Core drilling BT: Trace fossils Drill core analysis Drilling equipment Rotary drilling NT: Core barrels Copyright Slim hole drilling Coring bits BT: Legislation UF: Coring RT: Documentation Corings Intellectual property Non-Preferred USE: Drill cuttings

44 BT'-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RTc..Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Corrasion Sapphire Cottrell precipitators Non-Preferred RT: Abrasives Non-Preferred USE: Abrasion (geological) Gemstones USE: Electrostatic precipitators UF: Emery Correlation Counter current decantation BT: Geology Cosmic noise BT: Decantation Statistics BT: Extraterrestrial radiation NT: Stratigraphic correlation Counter current washing RT: Correlation coefficient Cosmic rays Non-Preferred BT: Extraterrestrial radiation USE: Scrubbing Correlation coefficient RT: Atmospheric radiation BT: Statistical analysis Solar radiation Country rock RT: Correlation UF: Solar cosmic rays Non-Preferred USE: Wall rock Correlation shooting Cosmology BT: Seismic shooting BT: Natural science Covellite NT: Age of the universe BT: Copper minerals Correlation techniques Pulsars Sulphide minerals Non-Preferred Stars USE: Statistical analysis Steady state theory Cover systems Universe BT: Environmental management Corrosion RT: Astronomy Environmental protection BT: Materials technology Big bang theory Waste management NT: Atmospheric corrosion Nebular hypothesis Wastes Corrosion fatigue Origin of the earth Corrosion prevention Origin of the universe Cracking process Corrosion resistance SN: Excludes mechanical Corrosion tests Cost accounting fracturing Electrochemical corrosion Non-Preferred BT: Chemical processes Rusting USE: Accounting RT: Petroleum refining Sea water corrosion Pyrolysis RT: Corrosion inhibitors Cost analysis Refining Electrochemistry BT: Economic analysis UF: Catalytic cracking Electrolysis NT: Cost benefit analysis Fractionation (hydrocarbons) Galvanizing Costs Protective coatings RT: Accounting Cranes UF: Metal corrosion Evaluation BT: Equipment Feasibility studies UF: Derricks Corrosion fatigue Market research BT: Corrosion Systems analysis Crater lakes UF: Estimating BT: Lakes Corrosion inhibitors RT: Volcanoes BT: Inhibitors Cost benefit analysis RT: Additives BT: Cost analysis Craters Corrosion Financial analysis BT: Landforms UF: Benefit cost analysis NT: Collapse craters Corrosion prevention Benefit cost ratios Explosion craters BT: Corrosion Cost effectiveness Lunar craters NT: Anodic protection Maars Cathodic protection Cost control Meteorite craters Galvanized steel Non-Preferred Volcanic craters Galvanizing USE: Accounting RT: Caldera RT: Coatings Inhibitors Cost effectiveness Cratonic basins pH control Non-Preferred BT: Sedimentary basins USE: Cost benefit analysis UF: Intracratonic basins Corrosion resistance BT: Corrosion Costeaning Cratons Non-Preferred BT: Earth crust Corrosion tests USE: Trenching NT: Shield BT: Corrosion RT: Materials tests Costs Creep UF: Atmospheric corrosion tests BT: Cost analysis BT: Deformation (structural Field corrosion tests NT: Capital costs geology) Galvanic corrosion tests Construction costs RT: Physical metallurgy Pitting tests Direct costs Strength of materials Exploration costs Structural petrology Corundum Indirect costs BT: Oxide minerals Operating costs Crenulation cleavage NT: Ruby RT: Management BT: Cleavage

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 45 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Crenulation folds Cross bedding Crude oil production BT: Folds Non-Preferred BT: Crude oil USE: Current bedding Petroleum production Cretaceous BT: Mesozoic Cross borehole geophysics Crude oil recovery Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Crevasses USE: Crosshole geophysics USE: Oil recovery BT: Glacial features RT: Bergschrund Cross faults Crude petroleum Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Crinoidea USE: Dip faults USE: Crude oil Non-Preferred USE: Crinozoa Cross folds Crush breccia BT: Folds BT: Breccia Crinozoa RT: Complex folds UF: Cataclastic breccia BT: Echinodermata UF: Polyphase folds NT: Blastoidea Superimposed folds Crush conglomerate UF: Crinoidea BT: Conglomerate Cross sections UF: Cataclastic conglomerate Crisis management BT: Cartography BT: Management RT: Balanced cross sections Crushed stone Fence diagrams Non-Preferred Cristobalite Geological maps USE: Aggregates BT: Silica minerals Mine maps RT: Opal Crushers Quartz Crossed nicols BT: Comminution equipment Non-Preferred Crushing Critical density USE: Nicol prism NT: Cone crushers Non-Preferred Gyratory crushers USE: Density Crosshole geophysics Impact crushers BT: Down hole geophysics Jaw crushers Critical path method RT: Seismic survey methods Mobile crushers BT: Flow charting UF: Cross borehole geophysics Roll crushers Operations research Crosshole seismic methods Stamp batteries RT: Production management RT: Grinding mills Project management Crosshole seismic methods Hammer mills Scheduling Non-Preferred UF: Breakers (crushers) UF: Critical path scheduling USE: Crosshole geophysics Primary crushers Rock crushers Critical path scheduling Crossopterygii Secondary crushers Non-Preferred BT: Pisces USE: Critical path method Crushing Crude oil BT: Comminution Critical pressure BT: Petroleum NT: Crushers Non-Preferred NT: Asphaltene Granulation USE: Pressure Crude oil production RT: Grinding Gas saturated oil Hammer milling Critical temperature High sulphur oil UF: Breaking Non-Preferred Oil fields Primary crushing USE: Temperature Residual oils Secondary crushing Sour crudes • Crocidolite Sweet crudes Crushing strength BT: Asbestos Waxy oils Non-Preferred Fibrous minerals RT: API gravity USE: Compressive strength Mineral fibres Fuel oil UF: Blue asbestos Natural gas Crust Oil Non-Preferred Crocodilia Oil shale USE: Earth crust BT: Diapsida Oil storage Oil wells Crustacea Crocoite Petroleum refining BT: Arthropoda BT: Lead minerals Shale oil NT: Decapoda UF: Asphalt base crudes Euryphyllum Crone EM surveys Crude petroleum UF: Stromatapoda Non-Preferred Heavy oils USE: Pulse EM surveys Mixed base crudes Crustal abundance Naphthene base crudes BT: Geochemistry Cronstedtite Paraffin base crudes UF: Clarke BT: Septechlorite

46 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Crustal downwarping Crystal lattice UF: Axis of symmetry Non-Preferred BT: Crystal structure USE: Downwarping Crystallography Crystal structure BT: Natural science Crustal evolution BT: Crystallography NT: Crystal growth BT: Earth crust NT: Crystal lattice Crystal structure RT: Continental accretion Dendrite Crystal symmetry Continental crust Inclusion trails Crystal systems Structural evolution Isomorphism Crystallographic axis Para morphism Extinction angle Crustal extension Pseudomorphism Habit BT: Crustal structure Water of crystallization Interference figure RT: Extension faults RT: Inclusions Rietveld method UF: Structural extension X ray crystallography Crystal symmetry RT: Hexagonal system Crustal movements BT: Crystallography Mineralogy BT: Earth crust NT: Secular movements NT: Pinacoid Morphology RT: Plate tectonics UF: Macrodome Orthorhombic system Para morphism Crustal plate Crystal systems Physical metallurgy BT: Crystallography Twinning BT: Earth crust NT: Hexagonal system RT: Plate tectonics Isometric system Cubanite Monoclinic system BT: Copper minerals Crustal shortening Orthorhombic system BT: Crustal structure UF: Structural shortening Tetragonal system Cubic system Triclinic system Non-Preferred Crustal structure USE: Isometric system BT: Earth crust Crystal tuff NT: Crustal extension BT: Pyroclastic rocks Cuestas Crustal shortening RT: Ignimbrite BT: Landforms RT: Downwarping NT: Mesas Stress field Crystalline basement Non-Preferred Cummingtonite Crustal thickness USE: Basement BT: Amphiboles BT: Earth crust Crystalline limestone Cupellation Cryogenics BT: Limestone BT: Lead refining BT: Physics RT: Marble NT: Gold recovery Silver recovery Cryolite Crystalline rocks RT: Desilverizing BT: Halogen minerals BT: Igneous rocks Industrial minerals Metamorphic rocks Cuprite RT: Aluminium ores BT: Copper minerals Sodium fluorides Crystalline schist Copper ores UF: Greenland spar BT: Schist Oxide minerals

Cryptocrystalline texture Crystallization Curium Non-Preferred BT: Chemical processes BT: Actinide series USE: Rock textures NT: Crystallizers De vitrification Curium isotopes Cryptoexplosion structure Supercooling BT: Radioactive isotopes BT: Explosion craters RT: Crystal growth RT: Shattercone Heat of crystallization Current bedding UF: Geobleme Isomorphism BT: Sedimentary structures Cryptozoon Solubility RT: Graded bedding Sublimation Turbidite BT: Algal structures Water of crystallization UF: Bottomset bed Crystal chemistry UF: Recrystallization Concave cross bedding (separation) Cross bedding BT: Chemistry False bedding Crystal fractionation Crystallization (mineralogy) Festoon cross bedding Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Flaser structure USE: Magmatic segregation USE: Crystal growth (sedimentary) Foreset bed Crystal growth Crystallizers Topset bed BT: Crystallography BT: Crystallization Torrential cross bedding NT: Twinning RT: Crystallization Crystallographic axis Current energy UF: Crystallization (mineralogy) BT: Crystallography BT: Coastal energy

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 47 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Current ripple marks Cyclone separation Flood dams Non-Preferred BT: Centrifugal separation Gravity dams USE: Ripple marks NT: Cyclone separators Rockfill dams Hydrocyclone separation Spillways Curve matching RT: Spiral separation Weirs Non-Preferred RT: Embankments USE: Geophysical interpretation Cyclone separators Engineering geology BT: Centrifugal separators Fishways Cut and cover tunnelling Cyclone separation Flood control Non-Preferred NT: Hydrocyclones Foundation engineering USE: Tunnelling RT: Air pollution control Penstocks Cone classifiers UF: Barrages (dams) Cut and fill mining Electrostatic precipitators Damsites BT: Underground mining Size classifiers Masonry dams NT: Bench stoping Spiral separators Reservoirs (water) RT: Mine filling UF: Cyclones (engineering) Selective mining Dam sites Cyclones (engineering) Non-Preferred Cut and fill structures Non-Preferred USE: Dams BT: Sedimentary structures USE: Cyclone separators Darcys law Cutoff grade Cyclones (weather) BT: Fluid dynamics BT: Ore grade Non-Preferred RT: Ground water RT: Dilution (ore) USE: Tropical cyclones Permeability Mineral economics Seepage Ore reserves Cylindrical folds Soil physics Selective mining BT: Folds RT: Concentric folds Darwin glass Cutter loaders BT: lmpactite BT: Excavation equipment Cyprus type deposits Tektites BT: Mineral deposits Cutting fluids RT: Ore genesis Data Non-Preferred BT: Data processing USE: Drilling fluids NT: Analogue data D Data modelling Cuttings Digital data Non-Preferred Drill hole data D layer USE: Drill cuttings Geochemical data Non-Preferred Geological data Cuttings (excavation) USE: Earth mantle Geophysical data BT: Excavation Dacite Hydrological data Meta data Cyanidation BT: Volcanic rocks Numerical data RT: Andesite BT: Hydrometallurgy Spatial data Granodiorite RT: Cyanides Rhyodacite Data acquisition Cyanides Non-Preferred Daily variation BT: Chemical compounds USE: Data processing NT: Hydrogen cyanide Non-Preferred USE: Diumal variation Potassium cyanide Data analysis Sodium cyanide Non-Preferred RT: Cyanidation Dam site investigations USE: Data processing BT: Dams Site investigations Cyanite Data correlation RT: Induced seismicity Non-Preferred BT: Data processing USE: Kyanite Damourite Data handling BT: Industrial minerals Cyanophyta Non-Preferred Muscovite BT: Palaeobotany USE: Data processing UF: Talcite Cycle of erosion Data management Dams BT: Erosion BT: Information storage and BT: Water storage NT: Denudation retrieval RT: Base level NT: Arch dams NT: Data processing Arch gravity dams UF: Erosion cycle Data standards Buttress dams Geomorphic cycle Data storage Cofferdams Concrete dams Cyclone filters Data mining Dam site investigations Non-Preferred BT: Knowledge management USE: Filters Earth dams NT: Temporal data

48 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

RT: Data warehousing Dating Mining engineering Databases Non-Preferred UF: Ramp USE: Age determination methods Data modelling Decollement BT: Data Datum BT: Faulting Simulation BT: Surveying UF: Detachment (faults) RT: Mathematical models RT: Base line GPS Decommissioning Data packages BT: Commissioning BT: Earth sciences information Davidite RT: Mine closure BT: Uranium minerals Mine rehabilitation Data processing Mines BT: Data management Davis magnetic test Nuclear power generation NT: Analogue processing Non-Preferred Recommissioning Data USE: Magnetic separation Data correlation Decomposition Databases Dead rivers BT: Geochemical processes Deconvolution Non-Preferred Weathering Digital processing USE: Palaeochannel RT: Chemical weathering Signal processing Gossans RT: Computer hardware Deaeration Computer software BT: Mixing Decontamination Image interpretation UF: Deaerators BT: Pollution Reinterpretation NT: Chemical decontamination UF: Automatic data processing Deaerators Radioactive decontamination Data acquisition Non-Preferred RT: Oil pollution Data analysis USE: Deaeration Data handling Deconvolution Data retrieval Debentures BT: Data processing Data systems Non-Preferred RT: Reflection (seismic) Electronic data processing USE: Stocks and shares Seismic interpretation Integrated data processing Decantation Decrepitation Data processing equipment BT: Mineral separation BT: Heat treatment Non-Preferred NT: Counter current USE: Computer hardware decantation Deep drilling RT: Elutriation SN: Drilling to great depth Data reprocessing BT: Drilling Non-Preferred Decapod a USE: Reprocessing BT: Crustacea Deep focus earthquakes BT: Earthquakes Data retrieval Decay constant Non-Preferred BT: Radioactive decay Deep lead maps USE: Data processing Non-Preferred Dechlorination USE: Mineral resource maps Data standards BT: Chemical processes BT: Data management Vapour metallurgy Deep leads RT: Chlorination BT: Palaeochannel Data storage UF: Buried placer BT: Data management Decision methods BT: Operations research Deep mining Data systems RT: Geostatistics BT: Underground mining Non-Preferred Management USE: Data processing Mathematical models Deep sea deposits Probability theory Non-Preferred Data warehousing Risk analysis USE: Deep sea sediments BT: Knowledge management Statistical analysis RT: Data mining UF: Decision theory Deep sea dredging Databases Non-Preferred Decision theory USE: Marine mining Databases Non-Preferred BT: Data processing USE: Decision methods Deep sea drilling NT: Numeric databases SN: Drilling in deep sea waters Reference databases Declination BT: Drilling RT: Data mining Non-Preferred NT: Joides Data warehousing USE: Magnetic declination Meta data Deep sea mineral deposits Declines Non-Preferred BT: Underground mining USE: Submarine mineral deposits RT: Haul roads

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 49 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Deep sea mining Degasification Deltaic facies Non-Preferred BT: Coal mining BT: Sedimentary facies USE: Marine mining RT: Methane drainage Deltaic sediments Deep sea sediments Degassers BT: Deltaic environment BT: Marine sediments BT: Absorption UF: Estuarine sediments RT: Density currents RT: Absorbers Sea floor sediments Deltas Submarine mineral deposits Degradation BT: Coastal features UF: Deep sea deposits Non-Preferred Landforms Pelagic sediments USE: Denudation RT: Alluvial fans Alluvial plains Deep seismic methods Degrading stream Alluvium BT: Deep seismic surveys Non-Preferred Estuaries Seismic survey methods USE: River gradient Levees Rivers Deep seismic surveys Dehumidification Sedimentation BT: Seismic surveys Non-Preferred Silts NT: Deep seismic methods USE: Dehydration UF: Estuarine deltas Submarine deltas Deep water Dehumidifiers BT: Abyssal zone Non-Preferred Demagnetisation USE: Dehydration BT: Magnetism Deep water production Non-Preferred Dehydrating Demineralization USE: Offshore production Non-Preferred BT: Chemical processes methods USE: Dehydration RT: Dialysis Distillation Deep wells Dehydration Distilled water BT: Wells BT: Chemical processes lon exchange NT: Drying Liquid membranes Deflation RT: Air pollution control Membranes Non-Preferred Chemical engineering Osmosis USE: Wind erosion Desiccation Potable water Efflorescence Reverse osmosis Deflation lag sampling UF: Dehumidification Salinity Non-Preferred Dehumidifiers Saltwater USE: Lag sampling Dehydrating Sea water Dehydrators Water treatment Deflected drilling Demisters UF: Demineralizers Non-Preferred Demineralizing USE: Directional drilling Dehydrators Desalination Non-Preferred Desalting Deflocculation USE: Dehydration Salt water conversion Non-Preferred Water softening USE: Flocculation Deionization Non-Preferred Demineralizers Deformation (materials) USE: lon exchange Non-Preferred BT: Strength of materials USE: Demineralization RT: Materials tests Delay time Physical metallurgy BT: Seismic velocity Demineralizing UF: Time lag Non-Preferred Deformation (structural geology) USE: Demineralization BT: Structural processes De lithification (geology) BT: Geological processes Demisters NT: Brittle deformation RT: Contact metamorphism Non-Preferred Clastic deformation Lithification USE: Dehydration Creep Faulting Deliverability capacity (wells) Demography Folding Non-Preferred BT: Ecology Plastic deformation USE: Well deliverability NT: Living standards Polyphase deformation Population Rock deformation Delta T RT: Dilatancy BT: Seismic velocity Dendrite Rheology BT: Crystal structure Deltaic environment Deformed fossils BT: Sedimentary environments Dendritic drainage pattern BT: Palaeontology NT: Deltaic sediments BT: Drainage (geomorphology)

50 BT'-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Dendrochronology Depositional environment Desertification BT: Age determination methods Non-Preferred BT: Surficial geology UF: Tree ring chronology USE: Sedimentary environments NT: Deserts

Dense media separation Depreciation Deserts Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Arid environment USE: Heavy media separation USE: Accounting Desertification NT: Sand seas Density Depressing reagents Stony deserts BT: Physical properties BT: Flotation reagents Tundra NT: API gravity RT: Frothing reagents RT: Climatology RT: Mud properties Dunes Porosity Depth finders Gibber Pycnometers BT: Sonar equipment UF: Critical density RT: Echo sounder Desiccants Specific gravity Non-Preferred Depth of burial USE: Desiccation Density currents BT: Diagenesis BT: Ocean currents NT: Burial history curve Desiccation RT: Deep sea sediments BT: Physical processes Turbidity currents Depth sounding RT: Absorbents UF: Salinity currents Non-Preferred Dehydration USE: Sonic detection Drying Density logging UF: Desiccants Non-Preferred Depth structure maps Desiccators USE: Gamma gamma logging Non-Preferred USE: Structure contour maps Desiccation (geology) Density logs BT: Arid environment Non-Preferred Deregulation RT: Shrinkage cracks USE: Gamma gamma logs BT: Government policy Desiccation breccia Density profile Derivative maps BT: Breccia BT: Gravity surveys BT: Maps RT: Arid environment RT: Geological maps Density stratification Geophysical maps Desiccation conglomerate BT: Hydrology UF: Second derivative maps BT: Conglomerate RT: Limnology RT: Arid environment Derivatives Denudation BT: Financing Desiccation cracks BT: Cycle of erosion Non-Preferred NT: Baselev~ Derricks USE: Shrinkage cracks UF: Degradation Non-Preferred USE: Cranes Desiccators Deoxidizers Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Desalination USE: Desiccation USE: Reducing agents Non-Preferred Design USE: Demineralization BT: Engineering Depletion NT: Plant design BT: Economic geology Desalting State of the art RT: Mineral resources Non-Preferred RT: Innovation Natural resources USE: Demineralization Project management Reserves UF: Design criteria UF: Exhaustion Desanding BT: Size classification Design criteria Deposition Non-Preferred BT: Sedimentation Descriptors USE: Design NT: Burial BT: Thesauri Contourites UF: Key words Desilverizing Encrustations BT: Lead refining Settling velocity Desert polish RT: Cupellation BT: Weathering Depositional basins NT: Desert varnish Deslimers Non-Preferred RT: Arid environment BT: Size classifiers USE: Sedimentary basins Dreikanter Desliming Depositional dip Desert varnish BT: Size classification BT: Sedimentary structures BT: Desert polish UF: Initial dip RT: Rock textures Desorption UF: Rock polish BT: Sorption Rock varnish RT: Absorption

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 51 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Destructive distillation Deuterium oxide Diagenesis Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Sedimentation USE: Distillation USE: Heavy water NT: Cementation (diagenesis) Compaction (geology) Destructive testing Developing countries Concretion BT: Materials tests BT: Geography Depth of burial RT: Nondestructive testing RT: Remote areas Dilatancy Technology transfer Induration Desulphurization Lithification BT: Chemical processes Development Maturation RT: Chemical engineering BT: Economic geology Organic diagenesis Coal preparation NT: Offshore operations Overconsolidation High sulphur coal RT: Exploration Retrograde diagenesis Mining RT: Compactibility Detachment Reserves Geothermal history BT: Faulting Jasperization Development software Kaolinization Detachment (faults) BT: Computer software Lateritization Non-Preferred Metamorphism USE: Decollement Development wells Preconsolidation pressure BT: Wells Recrystallization (mineralogy) Detergents RT: Appraisal wells Sedimentary differentiation Non-Preferred Discovery wells Silicification USE: Surfactant& Exploratory wells Vitrification UF: Offset wells Zeolite facies Detonating cord Non-Preferred Stepout wells UF: Burial history USE: Detonators Deviation Diagenetic facies Detonation Non-Preferred BT: Facies BT: Blasting USE: Hole deviation NT: Detonators Diagnostic routines Electrical detonation Devitrification Non-Preferred RT: Dust explosions BT: Crystallization USE: Computer software Glass Detonators RT: Felsite Diallage BT: Detonation Vitrification BT: Augite NT: Nonelectrical detonators RT: Boosters Devitrified glass Diallagite Explosives BT: Glass Non-Preferred Fuses USE: Pyroxenite UF: Blasting caps Devonian Detonating cord BT: Palaeozoic Dialysis Primers BT: Filtration Dewaterers Mineral separation Detrital depostis Non-Preferred NT: Dialyzers Non-Preferred USE: Dewatering (separation) RT: Demineralization USE: Placer deposits Diffusion Dewatering (draining) Electrometallurgy Detrital minerals Non-Preferred Electroosmosis BT: Minerals USE: Drainage (dewatering) Electrophoresis NT: Heavy minerals Hydrometallurgy Dewatering (separation) Membranes Detrital sediments BT: Mineral separation Osmosis BT: Sediments NT: Single Leaf Filter Test UF: Electrodialysis NT: Detritus RT: Drying Filters Dialyzers Detritus Fines BT: Dialysis BT: Detrital sediments Mineral processing Mineral separators NT: Boulders Thickening Gravel UF: Dewaterers Diamictite Pebbles BT: Clastic sediments RT: Erosion Dezincing Rubble BT: Hydrometallurgy Diamond bits BT: Drill bits Deuteric alteration Diabase Rotary drill bits BT: Metasomatism Non-Preferred RT: Coring bits USE: Dolerite Diamond drills Deuterium BT: Hydrogen isotopes RT: Heavy water

52 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Diamond core drilling Fingerprinting Diatomaceous earth Non-Preferred Industrial gems BT: Industrial minerals USE: Diamond drilling Kimberlite Sedimentary rocks UF: Brilliants UF: Diatomite Diamond deposits Infusorial earth BT: Diamonds Dianite Kieselguhr Mineral deposits Non-Preferred Tripoli NT: Diamond placer deposits USE: Columbite Diatomite Diamond drilling Diaphragm pumps Non-Preferred BT: Drilling BT: Pumps USE: Diatomaceous earth NT: Diamond drills RT: Core drilling Diaphragms Diatoms UF: Diamond core drilling Non-Preferred BT: Micropalaeontology USE: Membranes Diamond drills Diatremes BT: Diamond drilling Diapiric breccia BT: Volcanism Drills BT: Breccia RT: Intrusion breccia RT: Diamond bits Diapirism Volcanic breccia Drill bits Diapirs Dickite Diamond exploration Diapiric fold BT: Clay minerals BT: Diamonds Non-Preferred RT: Kaolinite Exploration USE: Diapirs RT: Chrome diopside Dictionaries Exploration philosophy Diapirism BT: Nomenclature Indicator minerals BT: Structural processes RT: Catalogues (geology) Glossaries Diamond mines NT: Diapiric breccia Thesauri BT: Diamonds Diapirs Mines UF: Sedimentary volcanism Dieback Forestry Diapirs BT: Diamond occurrence RT: Vegetation BT: Diamonds BT: Diapirism NT: Diapiric breccia RT: Microdiamonds Dielectric constant Salt anticlines Mineral occurrence BT: Electrical properties Salt diapirs Salt plugs Diamond placer deposits Dielectric separation Shale diapirs BT: Diamond deposits BT: Mineral separation Gem placer deposits RT: Intrusive sedimentary structures UF: Alluvial diamond deposits Diesel electric power generation UF: Diapiric fold Non-Preferred Diamond production Piercement dome USE: Electrical power generation Piercement fold BT: Diamonds Diapsida Diesel fuel Diamond pyramid hardness tests BT: Reptilia BT: Refined hydrocarbons Non-Preferred NT: Crocodilia USE: Hardness tests Dinosaurs Diesel locomotives Snakes BT: Locomotives Diamond reserves BT: Diamonds Diaspore Diesel powered equipment BT: Aluminium minerals BT: Equipment Diamond sorting RT: Bauxite RT: Mining equipment BT: Diamonds UF: Diasporite Diesel trucks Diamonds Diasporite Non-Preferred BT: Gemstones Non-Preferred USE: Diesel vehicles NT: Diamond deposits USE: Diaspore Diamond exploration Diesel vehicles Diamond mines Diastem BT: Haulage vehicles Diamond occurrence BT: Unconformity UF: Diesel trucks Diamond production RT: Hiatus Diamond reserves UF: Non sequence Differential compaction Diamond sorting Non-Preferred Industrial diamonds Diastrophism USE: Compaction Microdiamonds Non-Preferred Synthetic diamonds USE: Tectonics Differential erosion RT: Abrasives BT: Erosion Carbon UF: Etching Drill bits

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 53 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Differential thermal analysis Digital simulation Dip BT: Thermal analysis BT: Computer simulation BT: Geomorphology RT: Analogue simulation Structural geology Differential weathering Mathematical models NT: Apparent dip Non-Preferred Isoclines USE: Weathering Dikes Monoclines Non-Preferred Regional dip Differentiation (magmatic) USE: Dykes True dip Non-Preferred USE: Magmatic differentiation Dikes (engineering) Dip faults Non-Preferred BT: Faults Diffractometers USE: Embankments UF: Cross faults Non-Preferred USE: Goniometers Dikes (intrusive rocks) Dip indication maps Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Diffusers USE: Dykes USE: Tectonic maps Non-Preferred USE: Diffusion Dilatancy Dip shooting BT: Diagenesis Non-Preferred Diffusion RT: Deformation (structural USE: Seismic reflection surveys BT: Physical processes geology) NT: Osmosis Dip slip faults RT: Dialysis Dilution (ore) BT: Faults Infiltration BT: Grade control NT: Reverse slip faults Sublimation RT: Cutoff grade UF: Diffusers Mining Dipmeter Ore grade BT: Instruments Diffusion process (uranium) Resuing mining RT: Borehole surveys BT: Uranium enrichment Selective mining Dipmeter logs Digenite Dimension stone BT: Welllogs BT: Chalcocite BT: Building stones RT: Masonry Dipole dipole array Digestion Non-Preferred BT: Chemical processes Dinoflagellates USE: Electrode array RT: Chemical engineering BT: Microplankton Hydrometallurgy RT: Palynology Dipole field BT: Magnetic fields Dighem method Dinosaurs Non-Preferred BT: Diapsida Diprotodonta USE: EM methods BT: Metatheria Dinosterane Dighem surveys Non-Preferred Direct costs BT: Aerial EM surveys USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons BT: Costs Digital computers Direct current exploration Diopside BT: Computers Non-Preferred RT: Analogue computers BT: Pyroxene USE: Direct current surveys Hybrid computers NT: Chrome diopside Direct current methods Digital data Dioptase BT: Direct current surveys BT: Copper minerals BT: Data Electrical survey methods UF: Emerald copper Digital filters Direct current survey equipment Diorite BT: Digital processing BT: Direct current surveys Intermediate igneous rocks BT: Electrical survey equipment Digital logs NT: Orthoclase diorite Pyroxene diorite BT: Welllogs Direct current surveys Quartz diorite BT: Electrical surveys Digital maps Quartz mica diorite NT: Direct current methods RT: Basic igneous rocks BT: Maps Direct current survey Granodiorite equipment Digital processing Lamprophyre UF: Direct current exploration BT: Data processing Monzonite NT: Digital filters Plutonic rocks Direct detection Image processing UF: Diorite porphyry BT: Seismic interpretation RT: Image interpretation NT: Bright spot detection Diorite porphyry Flat spot detection Digital seismographs Non-Preferred RT: Seismic surveys BT: Seismographs USE: Diorite UF: Direct hydrocarbon indicators

54 BT:..Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT:..Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Direct hydrocarbon indicators Discordant bedding Dissertations Non-Preferred BT: Sedimentary structures Non-Preferred USE: Direct detection USE: Theses Discounted cash flow Direct reduction BT: Cash flow Dissociation BT: Reduction (chemistry) Financial analysis BT: Chemical processes RT: Iron powder UF: Net present value Sponge iron Dissolution Discovery wells BT: Chemical processes Directed line source BT: Exploratory wells BT: Seismic energy source Producing wells Dissolved gas RT: Marine seismic surveys RT: Development wells BT: Natural gas

Directional drilling Discriminant analysis Dissolved gas drive BT: Drilling BT: Multivariate analysis Non-Preferred NT: Hole deviation RT: Clustering USE: Gas drive Horizontal drilling Measurement while drilling Discussion Dissolved load Whipstock BT: Professional papers BT: River load RT: Core drilling RT: Suspended sediments Hole straightening Disequilibrium Horizontal wells BT: Radioactive properties Distance measuring equipment Rotary drilling BT: Surveying instruments UF: Deflected drilling Disharmonic folds NT: Odometers Directional wells BT: Folds Tellurometers Inclined drilling RT: EDM methods Side tracking Dislocation breccia Slant hole driling Non-Preferred Distillation USE: Fault breccia BT: Physical processes Directional logs RT: Demineralization Dispersions Non-Preferred Petroleum refining BT: Physical processes USE: Directional well logs UF: Destructive distillation NT: Aerosols Directional well logging Emulsions Distilled water RT: Dust BT: Well logging BT: Water Suspended sediments NT: Directional well logs RT: Demineralization Dispersive soils Directional well logs BT: Soils Distribution BT: Directional well logging RT: Expansive soils BT: Statistical analysis Well logs Soil mechanics RT: Frequency distribution UF: Directional logs Displacement reactions Distribution functions Directional wells BT: Chemical processes Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Statistical distributions USE: Directional drilling Disposal basins BT: Runoff Diterpanes Directories RT: Salinization Non-Preferred BT: Documentation Water management USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons RT: Indexes (documentation) Disposal wells Diurnal variation Disaster management Non-Preferred BT: Climatology BT: Management USE: Drainage wells RT: Seasonal variation NT: Disaster relief UF: Daily variation RT: Emergency management Dispute resolution BT: Contractual arrangements Divergent plate boundary Disaster relief Management Non-Preferred BT: Disaster management NT: Mediation USE: Accreting plate boundary RT: Natural hazards Dissected peneplains Divers Disc filters BT: Peneplains BT: Personnel Non-Preferred RT: Marine mining USE: Filters Dissected plateaus Submersible vehicles BT: Plateaus Disconformity Diving bells Non-Preferred Dissection Non-Preferred USE: Unconformity BT: Erosion USE: Submersible vehicles

Discontinuity Disseminated deposits Divining BT: Geological structures BT: Mineral deposits Non-Preferred RT: Carlin type deposits USE: Water divining

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 55 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Documentation Domes (geological) Centrifugal separators BT: lnfonnation storage and BT: Structural closure Rake classifiers retrieval RT: Anticlines NT: Abstracts Geanticlines Drag folds Bibliographies Geosynclines BT: Folds Case studies Synclines UF: Parasitic folds Directories UF: Dome structures Reverse drag fold Editing Subsidiary fold Encyclopaedias Dormant volcanoes Indexing BT: Volcanoes Drag lines Manuals RT: Extinct volcanoes BT: Excavation equipment Methods Prospectuses Dosimeters Drainage (dewatering) Specifications BT: Dosimetry BT: Civil engineering Standards Instruments Mining engineering RT: Catalogues Radiation measuring NT: Drainage wells Copyright instruments Gravity drainage Libraries Mine drainage Popular presentation Dosimetry Pump drainage Records management BT: Nuclear radiation Subsurface drainage Technical writing NT: Dosimeters Surface drainage RT: Radiation hazards Well point drainage Dolerite RT: Drawdown BT: Basic igneous rocks Down hole drilling Irrigation NT: Analcime dolerite BT: Pneumatic drilling Land reclamation Quartz dolerite Mine waters Teschenite Down hole drills Mining RT: Basalt BT: Pneumatic drills Tunnelling Gabbro NT: Turbine drills Waste disposal UF: Diabase UF: Down hole hammer drills UF: Dewatering (draining) Water removal Dolomite (mineral) Down hole geophysics BT: Carbonate minerals BT: Geophysical methods Drainage (geomorphology) Industrial minerals NT: Crosshole geophysics BT: Geomorphology NT: Concordant drainage Dolomite (rock) Down hole hammer drills Dendritic drainage pattern BT: Carbonate rocks Non-Preferred Interior drainage Industrial materials USE: Down hole drills Radial drainage RT: Aggregates RT: Hydrology Limestone Down hole probe River basins UF: Dolostone Non-Preferred Water table USE: Borehole surveys Watersheds Dolomitic conglomerate Non-Preferred Downhole surveys Drainage basins USE: Conglomerate BT: Surveys BT: Basins Well tests Dolomitic limestone RT: Velocity surveys Drainage sampling Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Magnesian limestone Downwarping USE: Stream sediment sampling BT: Tectonics Dolomitic marble RT: Crustal structure Drainage wells Non-Preferred Upwarping BT: Drainage (dewatering) USE: Marble UF: Crustal downwarping Wells RT: Pump drainage Dolomitic shale Dowsing Relief wells Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Well point drainage USE: Shale USE: Water divining UF: Disposal wells

Dolomitization Draft tube circulation Drape folding BT: Geochemical processes BT: Turbine pumps Non-Preferred Metamorphism RT: Agitation USE: Folding

Dolostone Drag bits Dravite Non-Preferred BT: Drill bits BT: Tounnaline USE: Dolomite (rock) Rotary drill bits UF: Fishtail bits Draw works Dome structures BT: Drilling equipment Non-Preferred Drag classifiers USE: Domes (geological) BT: Size classifiers RT: Bowl classifiers

56 BT-Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Drawdown Drill column Drill holes BT: Ground water withdrawal Non-Preferred SN: Use in context of hard rock RT: Drainage (dewatering) USE: Drill stems drilling, eg. diamond drilling, otherwise Oil wells use Wells Pumping Drill core BT: Drilling Reservoir engineering BT: Core sampling NT: Drill hole data Water table NT: Core orientation Slim holes Water wells Core storage Uncased drill holes Wells Drill core analysis RT: Wells RT: Core logs UF: Boreholes Dredges UF: Bore core Bores BT: Dredging Cores (drill) RT: Excavation equipment Drill logs Scoops Drill core analysis Non-Preferred Shovels BT: Drill core USE: Drill hole logs UF: Bucket dredges RT: Core analysis Core drilling Drill pipe Dredging Core logging BT: Drilling equipment BT: Excavation Core sampling RT: Coiled tubing NT: Dredges Geochemical logs Drill bits Gold dredging Drill stems RT: Mineral sand mining Drill core data Rotary drills Mining Non-Preferred Placer mining USE: Drill hole data Drill rod Trenching Non-Preferred Drill core sampling USE: Drill stems Dreikanter BT: Core sampling BT: Pebbles Drill ships Wind erosion Drill crews BT: Drilling RT: Arid environment BT: Personnel RT: Drilling platforms Desert polish NT: Drillers logs Offshore drilling Gibber RT: Drilling Drill steels Drift Drill cuttings BT: Drilling equipment Non-Preferred BT: Drilling RT: Drill bits USE: Glacial sediments NT: Drill cuttings analysis Drill cuttings sampling Drill stem testing Drift correction UF: Borings Non-Preferred BT: Gravity corrections Corings USE: Formation tests Cuttings Drift ice Drillings Drill stems Non-Preferred Well cuttings BT: Drilling equipment USE: Sea ice RT: Drill bits Drill cuttings analysis Drill collars Drift mining BT: Drill cuttings Drill pipe Non-Preferred RT: Drill cuttings sampling Kelly USE: Drive mining Geochemical logs UF: Drill column Drill rod Drill bits Drill cuttings sampling Drill strings BT: Drilling equipment BT: Drill cuttings NT: Coring bits Sampling Drill strings Diamond bits RT: Drill cuttings analysis Non-Preferred Drag bits USE: Drill stems Percussion drill bits Drill hole data Percussion tool bits BT: Data Drillers logs Reamers Drill holes SN: Driller's daily work records Rotary drill bits RT: Drill hole logs BT: Drill crews Tungsten carbide bits UF: Bore hole data RT: Diamond drills Drill core data Drillers reports Diamonds BT: Reports Drill pipe Drill hole logs Drill steels BT: Logs Drilling Drill stems RT: Drill hole data BT: Physical processes Tungsten carbides Well logs NT: Air core drilling UF: Bits (tools) UF: Drilllogs Air drilling Auger drilling Drill collars Core drilling BT: Drilling equipment Deep drilling RT: Drill stems Deep sea drilling Diamond drilling

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 57 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Directional drilling Drilling fluids Drills Drill cuttings BT: Drilling BT: Drilling Drill holes NT: Drilling muds NT: Diamond drills Drill ships RT: Barite Drilling equipment Drilling fluids Gas drilling Hydraulic drills Drilling problems Mud circulation Percussion drills Drilling rate Mud properties Rotary drills Drills Mud systems Turbine drills Dry drilling Slurries RT: Casing tools Fishing (drilling) Well logging Hoists Gas drilling UF: Circulation fluid Well servicing Hole straightening Cutting fluids UF: Drilling rigs Hydraulic drilling In seam drilling Drilling muds Drimanes Jet cutting BT: Drilling fluids Non-Preferred Large diameter drilling NT: Gas cut muds USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Offshore drilling Low density muds Percussion drilling Low fluid loss muds Drinking water RC drilling Mud additives Non-Preferred Reaming Mud cake USE: Potable water Rock drilling Mud column Rotary drilling Mud filtrates Drive mining Shallow depth Mud properties BT: Mining Shot drilling Mud systems RT: Tunnelling Slim hole drilling Oil base muds Tunnels Sonic drilling Oil cut muds UF: Drift mining Spudding Water base muds Stratigraphic drilling RT: Formation damage Drop ball Thermal drilling Mud circulation BT: Secondary breaking Turbine drilling Mud conditioning Under balanced drilling Mudding off Drosses Vacuum drilling Sludge pits Non-Preferred Well drilling UF: Emulsion muds USE: Drossing Wire line drilling Mud (drilling) RT: Blasting Drossing Blowout prevention Drilling platforms BT: Refining Drill crews BT: Offshore structures RT: Smelting Explosives NT: Semisubmersible platforms UF: Drosses Face preparation (mining) RT: Drill ships Formation pressure Offshore drilling Droughts Formation tests Production platforms BT: Climatology Ground water surveys UF: Marine drilling platforms Mining Drowned valleys Perforating Drilling platforms (mining) BT: Geomorphology Shaft sinking Non-Preferred RT: Incised valleys Tunnelling USE: Jumbos Well casing Drug problems Wells Drilling problems Non-Preferred UF: Boring BT: Drilling USE: Drugs NT: Borehole breakout Drilling cable RT: Fishing (drilling) Drugs BT: Drilling equipment Lost circulation BT: Safety training RT: Cable tool drilling UF: Pipe sticking RT: Alcohol UF: Drug problems Drilling equipment Drilling rate BT: Drills BT: Drilling Drum filters NT: Borehole periscopes RT: Penetration resistance Non-Preferred Coiled tubing UF: Drilling time USE: Filters Coring equipment Draw works Drilling rigs Drumlin Drill bits Non-Preferred BT: Glacial features Drill collars USE: Drills Drill pipe Druse Drill steels Drilling time Non-Preferred Drill stems Non-Preferred USE: Geode Drilling cable USE: Drilling rate Kelly Dry cells Weight indicators Drillings Non-Preferred RT: Rotary drills Non-Preferred USE: Storage batteries USE: Drill cuttings

58 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Dry drilling Dune ridge Dust cloud hypothesis BT: Drilling Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Dunes USE: Planetesimal hypothesis Dry gas BT: Natural gas Dune rock Dust collection Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Dry grinding USE: Aeolianite USE: Dust control BT: Grinding Dunes Dust control Dry holes BT: Landforms BT: Dust Non-Preferred NT: Barchan NT: Bag house USE: Nonproductive wells Coastal dunes Dust filters Dune movements Electrostatic precipitation Dry separation Foredunes Konimeter BT: Mineral separation Lunette Water mist Seifdunes RT: Air cleaners Drying Stabilized dunes Air conditioning BT: Dehydration Transverse dunes Air filtration NT: Freeze drying RT: Aeolian soils Air pollution control RT: Desiccation Beaches Dust explosions Dewatering (separation) Coastal features Mine dust Deserts Scrubbers , Dual zone completion Sands Smoke abatement Non-Preferred UF: Dune ridge Soil conservation USE: Multiple completion Sand dunes Wetting Sand ridge UF: Dust collection Ductile deformation Dust suppression Non-Preferred Dunite USE: Plastic deformation BT: Peridotite Dust explosions RT: Plutonic rocks BT: Coal dust Ductility UF: Olivine rock Explosions BT: Physical properties RT: Detonation NT: Ductility tests Durain Dust control RT: Formability BT: Coal constituents Mine dust Hardness UF: Micrinite Plastic properties Dust filters UF: Workability Duricrust BT: Dust control BT: Soil horizons Filters Ductility tests RT: Arid environment RT: Respirators BT: Ductility Calcrete Physical tests Ferricrete Dust particles RT: Hardness tests Gypsite Non-Preferred Silcrete USE: Dust Due diligence UF: Hardpan BT: Acquisitions Dust sampling Mergers Durometer hardness tests BT: Dust NT: Information disclosure Non-Preferred Sampling USE: Hardness tests RT: Ventilation Dull coal BT: Coal Dust Dust storms BT: Particulate matter BT: Erosion Dumortierite NT: Coal dust Soils BT: Gneiss Dust control RT: Soil erosion Schist Dust sampling Flue dust Dust suppression Dump leaching Mine dust Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Aerosols USE: Dust control USE: Heap leaching Airborne wastes Bulldust Dyke swarm Dump sampling Combustion products BT: Dykes Non-Preferred Dispersions USE: Tailings sampling Pneumoconiosis Dykes Silicosis BT: Igneous intrusions Dumps Smoke NT: Dyke swarm Non-Preferred UF: Dust particles UF: Dikes USE: Industrial waste heaps Quartz dust Dikes (intrusive rocks) Respirable dust Dune movements Dykes (engineering) BT: Dunes Non-Preferred USE: Embankments

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 59 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Dynamic hardness tests Earth crust Earth mantle Non-Preferred BT: Earth lithosphere BT: Geosphere USE: Hardness tests NT: Basement NT: ManUe fluids Continental crust RT: Earth core Dynamic metamorphism Cratons Earth lithosphere BT: Metamorphism Crustal evolution Moho Crustal movements UF: Asthenosphere Dynamic tests Crustal plate D layer BT: Physical tests Crustal structure Earth lower mantle RT: Hardness tests Crustal thickness Earth upper mantle Materials tests Oceanic crust LowermanUe Shield Mantle Dynamite Soils BT: Explosives RT: Expanding earth Earth measurement Lunar crust Non-Preferred Dyscrasite Plate tectonics USE: Geodesy BT: Silver minerals UF: Crust Earth models Dysprosium Earth current BT: Geodesy BT: Rare earth elements Non-Preferred Models USE: Telluric current RT: Earth (planet) Plate tectonics E Earth dams Simulation BT: Dams NT: Clay cores Earth movements Earth (planet) BT: Planets RT: Embankments Non-Preferred Gravity dams USE: Earth tremors NT: Age of the earth Rockfill dams Earth orbit Gaia hypothesis Earth moving Earth filling BT: Excavation Geodesy BT: Filling NT: Earth moving equipment Geosphere RT: Materials handling Origin of the earth RT: Compaction Hydraulic filling RT: Earth models Earth moving equipment Moon Solar system Earth handling equipment BT: Earth moving Non-Preferred Equipment USE: Earth moving equipment NT: Bulldozers Earth (soil) Non-Preferred Front end loaders Earth hydrosphere Scoops USE: Soils BT: Biosphere RT: Excavation equipment Earth atmosphere Geosphere Materials handling equipment NT: Inland sea UF: Earth handling equipment BT: Biosphere Oceans Geosphere NT: Atmospheric composition Surface waters Earth orbit RT: Earth atmosphere BT: Earth (planet) Atmospheric radiation Earth lithosphere RT: Earth rotation Atmospheric refraction Humidity Hydrology UF: Hydrosphere Earth pressure Ionosphere BT: Solid earth geophysics Moisture Particulate matter Earth internal structure RT: Isostasy BT: Geosphere Radiation belts Earth radiation Stratosphere Troposphere Earth lithosphere BT: Radiation BT: Biosphere RT: Solar radiation RT: Climatology Geosphere UF: Terrestrial radiation Earth hydrosphere Extraterrestrial atmospheres NT: Earth crust Zone of aeration Earth rotation Greenhouse effect Zone of cementation BT: Geodesy Lunar atmosphere UF: Atmosphere (earth) Zone of saturation RT: Earth orbit Zone of weathering Milankovitch theory RT: Earth hydrosphere Solar system Earth biosphere UF: Rotation of the earth Non-Preferred Earth mantle Moho USE: Biosphere Plate tectonics Earth sciences Earth core Solid earth geophysics BT: Natural science UF: Lithosphere NT: Climatology BT: Geosphere Geobotany RT: Earth mantle UF: Barysphere Earth lower mantle Geophysics Non-Preferred Hydrology Bathysphere USE: Earth mantle Hypsometry

60 BT:..Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT:..Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Morphology Earthquake prediction Echo sounder Remote sensing BT: Earthquakes BT: Sonar equipment Rheology NT: Earthquake warning systems RT: Depth finders RT: Analytical chemistry RT: Seismic monitoring Earth sciences information Echo sounding Extractive metallurgy Earthquake recorders Non-Preferred Geochemistry Non-Prefe"ed USE: Sonic detection Geology USE: Seismographs Geomorphology Eclipse Meteorology Earthquake records BT: Astronomy Mineral processing Non-Preferred UF: Lunar eclipse Mining USE: Seismographs Solar eclipse Natural history Oceanography Earthquake tremors Eclogite UF: Geosciences Non-Preferred BT: Metamorphic rocks USE: Earth tremors RT: Basic igneous rocks Earth sciences information Ultrabasic rocks BT: Information management Earthquake warning systems NT: Data packages BT: Earthquake prediction Eclogite facies RT: Earth sciences BT: Metamorphic facies Earthquake wave RT: Amphibolite facies Earth surface Non-Preferred BT: Geosphere USE: Seismic waves Ecologic distribution Non-Preferred Earth tides Earthquake zones USE: Ecology BT: Geodesy BT: Earthquakes RT: Gravity Seismic zones Ecologically sustainable Solid earth geophysics RT: Seismic maps development Tides UF: Seismic belt Non-Preferred USE: Sustainable development Earth tremors Earthquakes BT: Earthquakes RT: Seismic event BT: Natural hazards Ecology Seismology BT: Environmental science UF: Earth movements NT: Aftershock NT: Biodiversity Earthquake tremors Deep focus earthquakes Biota Earth tremors Demography Earth upper mantle Earthquake duration Environmental protection Non-Preferred USE: Earth mantle Earthquake effects Human ecology Earthquake engineering Palaeoecology Earthquake lights RT: Biogeography Earthenware BT: Ceramics Earthquake magnitude Conservation Earthquake prediction Environmental impact Earthquake zones Population Earthquake duration Ecologic distribution BT: Earthquakes Foreshock UF: Intermediate focus Ecosystem earthquakes Earthquake effects BT: Earthquakes lnterplate earthquakes Economic analysis Intraplate earthquakes BT: Economics RT: Earthquake magnitude Seismic epicentre NT: Cost analysis Mercalli scale Seismic intensity Seismic intensity Evaluation Seismic noise Forecasting Shallow focus earthquakes Market research Earthquake engineering Project valuation BT: Earthquakes Submarine earthquakes RT: Faults Resource assessment RT: Engineering geology Landslides Return on investment Induced seismicity Seismic event Sensitivity analysis Earthquake intensity Seismic risk RT: Cash flow Non-Preferred Seismicity Feasibility studies USE: Seismic intensity Shock waves Financial analysis Solid earth geophysics Management Earthquake lights Tsunamis Mathematical models BT: Earthquakes Resource economics Echinodermata UF: Economic factors Earthquake magnitude BT: Invertebrate palaeontology BT: Earthquakes NT: Crinozoa Economic factors NT: Richter scale Echinoidea Non-Preferred RT: Earthquake effects USE: Economic analysis Seismic intensity Echinoidea BT: Echinodermata

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 61 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Economic geography Management training Elastic deformation BT: Geography Metallurgical training Non-Preferred RT: Mineral economics Mining training USE: Elastic theory Petroleum engineering Economic geology training Elastic limit BT: Geology Safety training Non-Preferred NT: Convection Tertiary education USE: Elastic theory Depletion RT: Alcohol Development Technology transfer Elastic theory Exploration UF: Training BT: Stress measurement Mineral deposits NT: Elasticity Mining geology Effective permeability Seismic waves Petroleum geology Non-Preferred RT: Physical properties RT: Mineral economics USE: Permeability UF: Elastic deformation Elastic limit Economic minerals Effective pososity Elastic waves Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Hookes law USE: Ores USE: Porosity Modulus of elasticity Youngs modulus Economic surveys Efficiency BT: Economics BT: Management Elastic waves NT: Work study Non-Preferred Economics RT: Economics USE: Elastic theory BT: Social sciences Productivity NT: Economic analysis Elasticity Economic surveys Efflorescence BT: Elastic theory Gold standard BT: Chemical processes Physical properties Incentives RT: Arid environment NT: Hysteresis Inflation Cements Mineral economics Dehydration Electric field Subsidies Weathering Non-Preferred RT: Efficiency USE: Electrical field Exports Effluents Foreign investment BT: Industrial wastes Electric power production Imports RT: Acid mine waters Non-Preferred Trade balance Filtration USE: Electrical power generation Fly ash Ecosystem Mine wastes Electric power stations Non-Preferred River pollution Non-Preferred USE: Ecology Sewage USE: Electrical power generation Stacks Edge notch cards Tailings Electric precipitators Non-Preferred Waste disposal Non-Preferred USE: Manual information systems Waste water USE: Electrostatic precipitators

Ediacaran fauna Effusive rocks Electric smelting BT: Coelenterata Non-Preferred BT: Smelting RT: Hydrozoa USE: Volcanic rocks Electric vehicles Editing Eh value BT: Vehicles BT: Documentation BT: Chemical properties RT: Battery locomotives RT: Reports Renewable energy Technical writing Einsteinium Transportation BT: Actinide series EDM methods Electrical batteries BT: Surveying Einsteinium isotopes Non-Preferred RT: Distance measuring BT: Radioactive isotopes USE: Storage batteries equipment UF: Electromag distance Ejecta Electrical cables measurement BT: Volcanoes BT: Electrical equipment NT: Impact ejecta . Education Volcanic ejecta Electrical circuits BT: Personnel management BT: Electrical components NT: Careers Ejectamenta Electrical engineering Conferences Non-Preferred NT: Electrical grounding Continuing education USE: Volcanic ejecta RT: Electrical power transmission Field excursions Geological training El Nino effect Electrical components Geophysical training BT: Oceanic circulation BT: Electrical equipment Industrial training RT: ·Weather NT: Electrical circuits

62 BT-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Photoelectric cells Electrical models Electrical resistivity sounding Photovoltaic cells BT: Simulation Non-Preferred Thermocouple RT: Models USE: Resistivity sounding UF: Electronics Electrical power Electrical survey equipment Electrical detonation BT: Electrical energy BT: Electrical surveys BT: Detonation NT: Electrical power distribution NT: Direct current survey RT: Nonelectrical detonators Electrical power generation equipment Electrical power transmission EM survey equipment Electrical earthing Impedance survey Non-Preferred Electrical power distribution equipment USE: Electrical grounding BT: Electrical power IP survey equipment UF: Electricity supply Resistivity survey Electrical energy equipment Electrical power generation BT: Energy SP survey equipment NT: Electrical power BT: Electrical power Telluric current survey NT: CHP generation RT: Capacitors equipment Cogeneration Electrical engineering Electrochemical power Electrical survey interpretation generation BT: Engineering BT: Geophysical interpretation Hydroelectric power NT: Electrical circuits NT: EM interpretation Electrical equipment generation IP interpretation MHO electrical power Galvanometers generation Electrical survey methods Electrical equipment Nuclear power generation BT: Electrical surveys Solar power generation BT: Electrical engineering Geophysical methods Tidal power generation NT: Capacitors NT: Direct current methods Electrical cables RT: Electrical power transmission EM methods Electrical utilities Electrical components Impedance methods Voltage regulation IP methods Electrical exploration UF: Diesel electric power Mise a Ia masse methods generation Non-Preferred Resistivity methods Electric power production USE: Electrical surveys SP methods Electric power stations Telluric current methods Electrical generators Electrical field Electrical power plants BT: Electrical properties Electrical surveys RT: Magnetic fields Gas turbine power BT: Geophysical surveys generation UF: Electric field NT: Direct current surveys Hand generators Electrical survey equipment Electrical furnaces Mobile power generation Electrical survey methods Steam electric power BT: Furnaces Electrode array generation RT: Metallurgical furnaces EM surveys Thermal power plants Frequency domain Thermoelectric power Electrical generators Impedance surveys generation Non-Preferred IP surveys USE: Electrical power generation Electrical power plants Mise a Ia masse surveys Non-Preferred Resistivity surveys Electrical grounding USE: Electrical power generation SP surveys BT: Electrical circuits Telluric current surveys UF: Electrical earthing Electrical power transmission Time domain BT: Electrical power UF: Electrical exploration Electrical IP survey methods RT: Electrical circuits . Electrical prospecting Non-Preferred Electrical power generatron Electrometric exploration USE: IP methods Electrical properties Electrical utilities Electrical IP surveys NT: Conductivity BT: Infrastructure BT: IP surveys Dielectric constant RT: Electrical power generation Electrical field Electrical lighting Piezoelectric effect Electrical well logging BT: Lighting Resistivity BT: Welllogging RT: Mine lighting RT: Magnetic properties NT: Conductivity logging Rock geophysics Electrical well logs Electrical logging Induction logging Non-Preferred Electrical prospecting Resistivity logging USE: Electrical well logging Non-Preferred SP logging USE: Electrical surveys UF: Electrical logging Electrical logs Non-Preferred Electrical resistivity Electrical well logs USE: Electrical well logs Non-Preferred BT: Electrical well logging USE: Resistivity Well logs

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 63 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

NT: Conductivity togs Electroflotation Electromagnetic waves Induction logs BT: Flotation BT: Electromagnetism Resistivity logs NT: Microwaves SP logs Electrolysis Polarized light UF: Electrical logs BT: Electrochemistry RT: Electromagnetic radiation NT: Voltammetry UF: Electronic waves Electricity supply RT: Corrosion Non-Preferred Electrometallurgy Electromagnetism USE: Electrical power distribution BT: Magnetism Electrolytes NT: Electromagnetic waves Electro spin resonance BT: Electrochemistry Field strength spectroscope RT: Electrowinning Non-Preferred Electromagnetometers USE: ESR spectroscope Electrolytic analysis BT: EM survey equipment BT: Chemical analysis RT: Magnetotelluric surveys Electrochemical analysis Transient EM surveys Electrolytic cells BT: Chemical analysis BT: Electrochemistry Electrometallurgy Electrochemical corrosion RT: Electrowinning BT: Extractive metallurgy BT: Corrosion NT: Electrophoresis Electrolytic refining Electrowinning Electrochemical power generation BT: Refining RT: Dialysis RT: Electrowinning BT: Electrical power generation Electrochemistry UF: Electrorefining RT: Fuel cells Electrolysis Storage batteries Hydrometallurgy Electromag distance measurement Vapour metallurgy Non-Preferred Electrochemistry BT: Chemistry USE: EDM methods Electrometric exploration NT: Electrodeposition Non-Preferred Electromagnetic anomalies Electrodes USE: Electrical surveys Electrolysis Non-Preferred USE: EM anomalies Electrolytes Electron diffraction analysis Electrolytic cells BT: Chemical analysis Electroplating Electromagnetic exploration Non-Preferred RT: Chemical engineering Electron microprobes USE: EM surveys Corrosion BT: Instruments Electrometallurgy RT: Instrumental chemical Electromagnetic interpretation Fuel cells analysis Non-Preferred Galvanizing Microanalysis Physical chemistry USE: EM interpretation Microprobe analysis Electromagnetic maps UF: Electron probe Electrochromatography Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: EM maps Electron microscopes USE: Chromatography BT: Electron microscopy Electromagnetic radiation UF: Scanning electron Electrode array BT: Radiation microscopes BT: Electrical surveys NT: Light Transmission electron NT: Gradient array X rays microscopes Schlumberger array RT: Electromagnetic waves Wenner array Electron microscopy UF: Dipole dipole array Electromagnetic separation BT: Microscopy Electrode configuration Non-Preferred NT: Electron microscopes Pole dipole array USE: Magnetic separation RT: Instrumental chemical Pole pole array analysis Electromagnetic separators UF: Scanning electron Electrode configuration Non-Preferred microscopy Non-Preferred USE: Magnetic separators USE: Electrode array Electron paramag resonance Electromagnetic survey spectro Electrodeposition equipment Non-Preferred BT: Electrochemistry Non-Preferred USE: ESR spectroscopy RT: Electrowinning USE: EM survey equipment Electron probe Electrodes Electromagnetic survey method Non-Preferred BT: Electrochemistry Non-Preferred USE: Electron microprobes RT: Electrowinning USE: EM methods Electron spectroscopy Electrodialysis Electromagnetic surveys BT: Spectroscopy Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Dialysis USE: EM surveys

64 BT Broader term; NT Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Electron spin resonance dating Electrostatic separators EM maps Non-Preferred BT: Electrostatic separation BT: EM surveys USE: ESR dating Mineral separators Geophysical maps RT: Electrostatic precipitators UF: Electromagnetic maps Electron spin resonance spectre Magnetic separators Non-Preferred EM methods USE: ESR spectroscopy Electrowinning BT: Electrical survey methods BT: Electrometallurgy EM surveys Electronic control RT: Electrodeposition NT: Aerial EM methods BT: Control systems Electrodes Ground EM methods RT: Remote control Electrolytes ULF EM methods Electrolytic cells UF: Afmag survey methods Electronic data processing Electrolytic refining Dighem method Non-Preferred Electromagnetic survey USE: Data processing Electrum method BT: Gold alloys Magnetotelluric methods Electronic waves RT: Porpezite Transient EM methods Non-Preferred UF: Elektron USE: Electromagnetic waves Elektrum EM profiles BT: EM surveys Electronics Elektron Geophysical profiles Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Electrical components USE: Electrum EM sounding BT: Ground EM surveys Electroosmosis Elektrum BT: Osmosis Non-Preferred EM sounding methods RT: Dialysis USE: Electrum Non-Preferred Reverse osmosis USE: Ground EM methods Soil stabilization Elemental analysis BT: Quantitative analysis EM survey equipment Electrophoresis BT: Electrical survey equipment BT: Electrometallurgy Elements EM surveys RT: Dialysis NT: Carbon NT: Electromagnetometers Hydrogen UF: Electromagnetic survey Electrophotometry Isotopes equipment BT: Instrumental chemical Major element analysis analysis Nitrogen EM surveys RT: Materials tests Phosphorus BT: Electrical surveys Spectroscopy Sulphur NT: Aerial EM surveys Technetium EM maps Electroplating Zirconium EM methods BT: Electrochemistry EM profiles Elution EM survey equipment Electrorefining Non-Preferred Ground EM surveys Non-Preferred USE: lon exchange Magnetotelluric surveys USE: Electrolytic refining Transient EM surveys Elutriation UF: Electromagnetic exploration Electrostatic precipitation BT: Size classification Electromagnetic surveys BT: Dust control RT: Decantation NT: Electrostatic precipitators Flotation Embankments RT: Fly ash Leaching BT: Civil engineering Scrubbing RT: Dams Electrostatic precipitators UF: Elutriators Earth dams BT: Electrostatic precipitation UF: Dikes (engineering) RT: Air cleaners Elutriators Dykes (engineering) Air pollution control Non-Preferred Cyclone separators USE: Elutriation Embolite Electrostatic separators BT: Silver minerals Smoke abatement Eluvial soils UF: Cottrell precipitators BT: Soils Emerald Electric precipitators BT: Beryl EM anomalies Electrostatic separation BT: Geophysical anomalies Emerald copper BT: Mineral separation UF: Electromagnetic anomalies Non-Preferred NT: Electrostatic separators USE: Dioptase RT: Magnetic separation EM interpretation UF: High tension separation BT: Electrical survey Emerged bars interpretation Non-Preferred UF: Electromagnetic interpretation USE: Sandbars

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 65 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Emergency management Encyclopaedias Energy factor BT: Management BT: Documentation SN: Energy required for RT: Disaster management RT: Bibliographies production of unit quality Manuals BT: Energy economics Emery RT: Energy budget Non-Preferred End moraine UF: Energy accounting USE: Corundum Non-Preferred Energy analysis USE: Terminal moraines Energy quota Emission spectra Energy requirements BT: Spectra Endothermic reactions NT: Continuous spectra BT: Chemical processes Energy flow chart Gamma spectra Heat of reaction Non-Preferred Line spectra RT: Exothermic reactions USE: Energy budget Molecular spectra Ultraviolet spectra Energy Energy management X ray spectra NT: Agricultural energy BT: Energy RT: Nuclear radiation Electrical energy RT: Management Energy budget Emission spectroscopy Energy conservation Energy policy Non-Preferred Energy economics BT: Energy USE: Spectroscopy Energy management Government policy Energy policy NT: Coal policy Emissions trading Energy resources Petroleum policy BT: Air pollution Energy statistics Uranium policy Greenhouse effect Energy storage RT: Legislation Greenhouse gases Kinetic energy Mineral policy Pollution control Nuclear energy Mining policy RT: Global warming Potential energy UF: Carbon trading Pumped storage Energy quota Radiation Non-Preferred Emplacement mechanism Renewable energy USE: Energy factor BT: Magmatic deposits Thermal energy RT: Igneous intrusions Total energy Energy requirements RT: Fossil fuels Non-Preferred Employment Heat USE: Energy factor BT: Management Hydrogen NT: Enterprise bargaining Synthetic fuels Energy resources RT: Equal opportunity BT: Energy Personnel management Energy accounting Natural resources Non-Preferred RT: Resource assessment Emulsification USE: Energy factor BT: Chemical processes Energy statistics RT: Agitation Energy analysis BT: Energy Flocculation Non-Preferred Statistics USE: Energy factor Emulsion muds Energy storage Non-Preferred Energy budget BT: Energy USE: Drilling muds BT: Energy NT: Fuel cells RT: Energy factor Storage batteries Emulsions UF: Energy flow chart RT: Capacitors BT: Dispersions Compressed air RT: Turbidity Energy conservation Flywheels BT: Conservation Potential energy En echelon folding Energy Pumped storage BT: Fold system NT: Waste energy Engineering Enargite Energy consumption NT: Agricultural engineering BT: Copper minerals BT: Consumption Anchoring systems Energy economics Biotechnology Enclaves Chemical engineering Non-Preferred Energy costs Civil engineering USE: Igneous inclusions Non-Preferred Control systems USE: Energy economics Design Encrustations Electrical engineering BT: Deposition Energy economics Equipment design RT: Palaeontology BT: Energy Foundation engineering Water pipelines NT: Energy consumption Industrial engineering UF: Incrustations Energy factor Mechanical engineering UF: Energy costs Mechanization Military applications

66 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Mining engineering Environment Environmental protection Nuclear engineering Non-Preferred BT: Ecology Petroleum engineering USE: Environmental science Environmental science Production engineering NT: Coastal management Railway engineering Environment (ecological) Cover systems Systems engineering Non-Preferred Environmental impact RT: Technology USE: Environmental protection Environmental legislation Environmental management Engineering geology Environment (geological) National parks BT: Geology Non-Preferred Phytoremediation NT: Geomechanics USE: Geological environment Pollution Military applications Precautionary principle Site investigations Environment of deposition Public reserve Stability Non-Preferred Regional reserves Terrain classification USE: Sedimentary environments Rehabilitation RT: Base courses and RT: National heritage pavements Environmental auditing Sustainable development Bridges BT: Environmental management Wilderness Buildings UF: Environment (ecological) Civil engineering Environmental deposition Dams Non-Preferred Environmental science Earthquake engineering USE: Sedimentary environments BT: Natural science Excavation NT: Conservation Foundation engineering Environmental engineering Ecology Mining engineering Non-Preferred Environmental protection Mining geology USE: Environmental science Sustainable development Petroleum geology RT: Pollution Reinforcement methods Environmental geochemistry Waste disposal Rock mechanics Non-Preferred UF: Environment Soil mechanics USE: Environmental science Environmental engineering UF: Geological engineering Environmental geochemistry Geotechnical engineering Environmental geology Environmental geology Military geology Non-Preferred USE: Environmental science Environmental surveys Engineering geophysics Non-Preferred BT: Geophysics Environmental impact USE: Environmental impact BT: Environmental protection surveys Engineering societies NT: Anthropogenic factor Non-Preferred Environmental impact Enzymes USE: Professional societies surveys BT: Catalysts RT: Biomarkers Enhanced recovery Ecology Eocene BT: Reservoir engineering BT: Paleogene NT: Carbon dioxide flooding Environmental impact surveys Eolian Reservoir stimulation BT: Environmental impact Non-Preferred NT: Base line data Enriched fuel reactors USE: Aeolian Non-Preferred RT: Biological surveys Pollution USE: Nuclear reactors Eolianite UF: Environmental surveys Non-Preferred Enriched gas drive USE: Aeolianite Environmental legislation Non-Preferred BT: Environmental protection USE: Gas drive Eon Legislation BT: Geological time Enstatite Environmental management BT: Pyroxene Epeiric sea BT: Environmental protection Non-Preferred NT: Air quality Enterprise bargaining USE: Inland sea Cooling BT: Employment Cover systems Epeirogeny Environmental auditing Entrainment BT: Structural geology Fishways BT: Mineral processing RT: Continents NT: Air entrainment Greenhouse effect Orogeny Heating RT: Flotation Odour control Ephemeral streams Entrenched meander Oxygen deficit BT: Streams BT: Meanders Rangelands UF: Intermittent stream UF: Incised meander Ventilation Weeds Epicentre Entrenched streams Wind breaks Non-Preferred BT: Streams USE: Seismic epicentre

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 67 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Epicontinental sea Equator Equipment replacement Non-Preferred BT: Equatorial zone Non-Preferred USE: Inland sea USE: Plant maintenance Equatorial currents Epidiorite BT: Ocean currents Equities BT: Metamorphic rocks Non-Preferred RT: Basic igneous rocks Equatorial projection USE: Stocks and shares Uralitization BT: Cartography RT: Mercator projection Era Epidosite BT: Geological time BT: Metamorphic rocks Equatorial zone NT: Epoch BT: Climatic zones Period Epidote NT: Equator BT: Albitite NT: Clinozoisite Erbium Equilibrium diagrams BT: Rare earth elements Zoisite Non-Preferred NT: Erbium isotopes RT: Allanite USE: Phase diagrams Epidote amphibolite facies Erbium isotopes BT: Metamorphic facies Equipment BT: Erbium RT: Amphibolite facies NT: Autoclaves Boilers Ergonomics Epidotization Burners BT: Industrial engineering BT: Hydrothermal Calculators metasomatism Centrifuges Erosion- Cherry pickers BT: Geological processes Epieugeosyncline Comminution equipment Surficial geology Non-Preferred Compressors NT: Coastal erosion USE: Backdeep Cranes Contemporaneous erosion Diesel powered equipment Cycle of erosion Epigenesis Earth moving equipment Differential erosion BT: Mineral genesis Equipment evaluation Dissection Excavation equipment Dust storms Epigenetic deposits Geophysical equipment Erosion control BT: Mineral deposits Headframes Exhumation RT: Mineral genesis Hoists Glacial erosion Ore genesis Instruments Headward erosion UF: Epigenetic mineral Jacks Marine erosion deposits Marine survey equipment Peneplanation Materials handling equipment River erosion Epigenetic mineral deposits Metal detectors Scouring Non-Preferred Microscopes Soil erosion USE: Epigenetic deposits Mineral processing Water erosion equipment Wind erosion Episodes Mining equipment RT: Abrasion (geological) BT: Historical geology Mobile plant Detritus RT: Glaciation Optical equipment Mechanical weathering Orogeny Oxygen probe Sedimentation Seismicity Photographic equipment Weathering Tectonics Plant maintenance Volcanism Plant operations Erosion control UF: Geological events Pyrometallurgical equipment BT: Erosion Refrigerating machinery RT: Soil conservation Epithermal deposits Respirators Soil erosion BT: Hydrothermal deposits Sampling equipment Erosion cycle Seismometers Non-Preferred Epoch Sonar equipment USE: Cycle of erosion BT: Era Strain gauges Period Vibrators (machinery) Erosional unconformity X ray apparatus Epoxy resins Non-Preferred RT: Automation Non-Preferred USE: Unconformity Equipment design USE: Resin cements UF: Plant (physical) Erratic (glacial) EPR spectroscopy Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Equipment design USE: Glacial erratic USE: ESR spectroscopy BT: Engineering RT: Equipment Error compensation Equal opportunity Non-Preferred BT: Personnel management Equipment evaluation USE: Calibration RT: Employment BT: Equipment UF: Affirmative action

68 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Error correction Ethane Evaluation BT: Mathematical analysis BT: Alkanes BT: Economic analysis RT: Calibration RT: Gas content NT: Feasibility studies Statistical analysis Mine evaluation Ethanol Mineral valuation ERTS BT: Synthetic fuels RT: Cost analysis Non-Preferred Resource assessment USE: landsat Ethene Non-Preferred Evaporation Eruption breccia USE: Ethylene BT: Physical processes Non-Preferred NT: Evaporation control USE: Explosion breccia Ethics Evapotranspiration Non-Preferred RT: Hydrologic cycle Erythrite USE: Code of ethics Sublimation BT: Cobalt minerals UF: Cobalt bloom Ethylene Evaporation basin BT: Alkenes BT: Waste management Escarpments liquid fuels RT: Tailings dams BT: landforms UF: Ethene Waste disposal NT: Fault escarpments RT: Cliffs Eucrite Evaporation control UF: Scarp Non-Preferred BT: Evaporation USE: Gabbro Eskers Evaporative cooling Non-Preferred Eugeosyncline BT: Cooling USE: Moraines BT: Geosynclines RT: Cooling towers ESRdating RT: Exogeosyncline Miogeosyncline BT: Age determination methods Evaporimeters UF: Electron spin resonance BT: Meteorological instruments Europium dating BT: Rare earth elements Evaporite deposits ESR spectroscope NT: Europium isotopes BT: Non metalliferous deposits BT: Spectrometers NT: Borate deposits Europium isotopes UF: Electro spin resonance Gypsum deposits spectroscope BT: Europium Nitrate deposits Potash deposits Euryphyllum ESR spectroscopy Rock salt deposits BT: Spectroscopy BT: Crustacea Salt deposits UF: Electron paramag Soda ash deposits Eustacy RT: Sedimentary rocks resonance spectra BT: Oceanography Electron spin resonance NT: Sea level spectra Evaporite minerals Stranded coastlines BT: Non metalliferous minerals EPR spectroscopy RT: Climatology NT: Anhydrite Glacial cycle Essexite Aragonite Isostasy Carnallite Non-Preferred Seismology USE: Alkali gabbro Glauberite Gypsum Eutaxitic texture Halite Estimating BT: Rock textures Non-Preferred Natron USE: Cost analysis Eutectic texture Trona BT: Mineral textures RT: Sulphates Estuaries UF: Evaporites BT: Coastal features Eutectics landforms BT: Phase equilibria Evaporites RT: Deltas NT: Solid solutions Non-Preferred Rivers RT: Phase diagrams USE: Evaporite minerals

Estuarine deltas Eutheria Evapotranspiration Non-Preferred BT: Mammalia BT: Evaporation USE: Deltas NT: Chiroptera RT: Hydrologic cycle lnsectivora lysimeters Estuarine sediments Runoff Non-Preferred Eutrophication Soil water USE: Deltaic sediments BT: Water pollution UF: Transpiration RT: Nitrification Etching Pollution Evolution Non-Preferred BT: Origin of life USE: Differential erosion Euxenite NT: Morphologic evolution BT: Rare earth minerals Natural selection

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 69 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

RT: Faunal evolution Exfoliation Expanded slag aggregates Faunal extinctions BT: Mechanical weathering Non-Preferred Floral evolution USE: Lightweight aggregates Floral extinctions Exhalative deposits Genetic algorithms Non-Preferred Expanded slate aggregates Palaeontology USE: Volcanogenic deposits Non-Preferred UF: Ontogeny USE: Lightweight aggregates Phylogeny Exhaust emissions Non-Preferred Expanding cements Excavating machinery USE: Waste gases Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Cements USE: Excavation equipment Exhaust fans Non-Preferred Expanding earth Excavation USE: Ventilation fans BT: Geodesy NT: Cuttings (excavation) RT: Earth crust Dredging Exhaust gases Plate tectonics Earth moving Non-Preferred Sea floor spreading Excavation equipment USE: Waste gases Rock excavation Expanding universe Trenching Exhaust systems BT: Universe Tunnelling BT: Pollution control RT: Engineering geology Waste management Expansive soils Filling NT: Stacks BT: Soils Gabions Ventilation fans RT: Dispersive soils Mine shafts RT: Air pollution Soil mechanics Mining Airborne wastes Rippability Mine ventilation Experimental petrology Shaft sinking Ventilation BT: Petrology Waste disposal NT: Synroc Excavation conditions Waste gases Expert reports Non-Preferred SN: Associated with legal USE: Rippability Exhaustion cases, mineral valuation etc. Non-Preferred BT: Reports Excavation equipment USE: Depletion RT: Legislation BT: Equipment Mineral valuation Excavation Exhumation NT: Backhoes BT: Erosion Expert systems Coal cutters BT: Computer applications Cutter loaders Exinite RT: Artificial intelligence Drag lines BT: Coal constituents Graders UF: Liptinite Explanatory notes Power shovels Resinite BT: Geological maps Road headers Scrapers Exogeosyncline Exploration Shovels BT: Geosynclines BT: Economic geology Wheel excavators RT: Eugeosyncline NT: Coal exploration RT: Dredges Miogeosyncline Copper exploration Earth moving equipment UF: Foredeep Diamond exploration Front end loaders Exploration costs Tractors Exothermic reactions Exploration history Tunnelling machines BT: Chemical processes Exploration licences UF: Excavating machinery Heat of reaction Exploration management Excavators RT: Combustion Exploration philosophy Endothermic reactions Exploration potential Excavators Pyrolysis Fossicking Non-Preferred Hydrocarbon exploration USE: Excavation equipment Expanded aggregates Interpretation Non-Preferred Mine exploration Exchange capacity USE: Lightweight aggregates Mineral exploration Non-Preferred Mineral valuation USE: lon exchange Expanded clay aggregates Prospecting Non-Preferred Prospects and leads Exchange reactions USE: Lightweight aggregates Surveys Non-Preferred RT: Development USE: Substitution reactions Expanded shale aggregates Geological surveys Non-Preferred Geophysical surveys Excursion guides USE: Lightweight aggregates Ground water surveys Non-Preferred Mining USE: Field excursions Prospector Resource development

70 BT-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Exploration costs Explosions Jarosite process BT: Costs BT: Blasting Pyrometallurgy Exploration NT: Dust explosions Retorting Explosion effects Slags retreatment Exploration history Explosives Vapour metallurgy BT: Exploration Underground explosions RT: Chemical engineering History Earth sciences NT: Gold rushes Explosives Microwave methods RT: Mineral exploration BT: Blasting Mineral processing Mining history Explosions Raw materials Petroleum exploration NT: Anfo Recovery Blasting gelatins Refining Exploration licences Boosters BT: Exploration Dynamite Extractive metallurgy equipment Licences Gelignite BT: Extractive metallurgy RT: Petroleum leases Nitroglycerine NT: Chemical reactors UF: Authority to prospect Shaped charges Mineral tenements Slurry explosives Extractive minerals Petroleum exploration RT: Ammonium nitrate Non-Preferred licences Detonators USE: Construction materials Temporary reserves Drilling Fuel oil Extraterrestrial atmospheres Exploration management BT: Astronomy .. BT: Exploration Liquid oxygen Seismic energy source RT: Atmospheric compOSition Management Tamping Earth atmosphere Lunar atmosphere Exploration philosophy Exponential distribution UF: Mars atmosphere BT: Exploration Non-Preferred Planetary atmospheres RT: Diamond exploration USE: Statistical distributions Solar atmosphere Geological models Stellar atmospheres Mineral exploration Exports Venus atmosphere Petroleum exploration Philosophical models BT: Industry statistics Extraterrestrial geology RT: Coal statistics Uranium exploration SN: Includes asteroids, Economics comets taktites, meteorites and Industrial material statistics Exploration potential impact ~tructures, etc. even if found Mineral statistics BT: Exploration on earth. Petroleum statistics NT: Petroleum potential BT: Geology RT: Mineral exploration NT: Asteroids Exsolution textures Mineralization Comets BT: Mineral textures Petroleum exploration Lunar geology Meteorites Extension Exploratory wells RT: Impact structures BT: Strain BT: Wells Moon NT: Discovery wells Photogeology Extension faults RT: Development wells Remote sensing BT: Faults Gas wells UF: Astrogeology Nonproductive wells RT: Crustal extension Planetary environments Oil wells Planetary geology Extinct volcanoes Shut in wells Planetary structure UF: Wildcat wells BT: Volcanoes RT: Dormant volcanoes Extraterrestrial mapping . Explosion barriers . . SN: Mapping of extraterrestnal BT: Safety eng1neenng Extinction angle bodies BT: Crystallography BT: Mapping Explosion breccia RT: Optical mineralogy BT: Breccia Polarized light Extraterrestrial radiation UF: Extinction direction UF: Eruption breccia BT: Radiation Inclined extinction NT: Cosmic noise Explosion craters Cosmic rays Extinction direction BT: Craters Extraterrestrial radio waves NT: Cryptoexplosion structure Non-Preferred Radiation belts USE: Extinction angle Solar radiation Explosion effects UF: Planetary radiation BT: Blasting Extractive metallurgy Explosions BT: Metallurgy Extraterrestrial radio waves NT: Chemical extraction RT: Seismic waves BT: Extraterrestrial radiation Electrometallurgy Radio astronomy Explosion tuff Extractive metallurgy Non-Preferred equipment USE: Volcanic tuff Hydrometallurgy

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 71 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Extraterrestrial satellites Fallout shelters Fault folds SN: Planet satellite moons Non-Preferred BT: Faults BT: Astronomy USE: Fallout NT: Moon Fault geometry UF: Planetary satellites False bedding BT: Faults Non-Preferred RT: Apparent movement of faults Extruding USE: Current bedding UF: Fault displacement BT: Materials handling Fault line RT: Brick making False dip Fault plane Briquetting Non-Preferred Hade USE: Apparent dip Heave (fault) Throw (fault) Fans (geology) Thrust plane F Non-Preferred USE: Alluvial fans Fault gouge Fabric analysis BT: Fault breccia Non-Preferred Fans (ventilation) RT: Rock flour USE: Structural petrology Non-Preferred UF: Clay gouge USE: Ventilation fans Gouge Fabric diagram Non-Preferred Farm in Fault line USE: Structural petrology BT: Mining agreements Non-Preferred Petroleum agreements USE: Fault geometry Face preparation (mining) RT: Joint ventures BT: Mining Mining leases Fault line scarps RT: Blasting Drilling Non-Preferred Farm out USE: Fault escarpments BT: Mining agreements Faceted boulders Petroleum agreements Fault plane BT: Glacial features RT: Joint ventures Non-Preferred Mining leases USE: Fault geometry Faceted pebbles BT: Glacial features Fast breeder reactors Fault rubble BT: Nuclear reactors Non-Preferred Facies UF: Breeder reactors USE: Fault breccia BT: Lithology NT: Diagenetic facies Fathograms Fault scarps Facies analysis Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Facies maps USE: Oceanographic charts USE: Fault escarpments Geochemical facies Metamorphic facies Fatigue (materials) Fault system Sedimentary facies BT: Strength of materials BT: Faults UF: Lithofacies RT: Failure (materials) NT: Conjugate system Shear strength Facies analysis Fault traps BT: Facies Fault blocks BT: Traps (petroleum) BT: Faulting Facies maps NT: Horst Fault zone BT: Facies RT: Block mountains BT: Faults Geological maps Grabens UF: Biofacies maps NT: Shearzone UF: Thrust block UF: Fracture zone Lithofacies maps Facing Fault breccia Faulting BT: Structural geology BT: Breccia BT: Deformation (structural RT: Graded bedding NT: Fault gouge geology) RT: Slickenside NT: Apparent movement of faults Factor analysis UF: Dislocation breccia Decollement BT: Multivariate analysis Fault rubble Detachment Factor of safety Tectonic breccia Fault blocks Non-Preferred Faults Fault displacement USE: Safety factor Transfer zones Non-Preferred USE: Fault geometry Failure (materials) Faults BT: Strength of materials BT: Faulting RT: Fatigue (materials) Fault escarpments NT: Arcuate faults BT: Escarpments Shear strength Bedding faults Faults Block faults Fallout UF: Fault line scarps Compression faults Fault scarps BT: Radiation hazards Dip faults UF: Fallout shelters Dip slip faults

72 BT: Broader term; NT Narrower term; RT: Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Extension faults Feeders Fen Fault escarpments BT: Materials handling equipment Non-Preferred Fault folds RT: Conveyors USE: Peat Fault geometry Loaders Fault system UF: Apron feeders Fence diagrams Fault zone Belt feeders BT: Cartography Flexure faults Screw feeders RT: Cross sections Growth faults Vibrating feeders Hinge faults Fenster Listric faults Feedwater treatment Non-Preferred Normal faults Non-Preferred USE: lnliers Riedel shear USE: Water treatment Rift faults Ferberite Slickenside Feldspars Non-Preferred Step faults BT: Industrial minerals USE: Wolframite Strike faults Silicate minerals Strike slip faults NT: Alkali feldspars Fergusonite Submarine faults Amazonite BT: Rare earth minerals Thrust faults Celsian Transform faults Moonstone Fermium Transverse faults Myrmekite BT: Actinide series Wrench faults Perthite RT: Earthquakes Plagioclase Fermium isotopes Folds Sodium feldspar BT: Radioactive isotopes Lineaments UF: Active fault Feldspathic gabbro Ferns Non-Preferred BT: Pteridophyta Fauna USE: Gabbro BT: Zoology Ferric chloride NT: Invertebrata Feldspathic greywacke BT: Chlorides Megafauna Non-Preferred Microfauna USE: Graywacke Ferricrete Vertebrata BT: Soil horizons RT: Biota Feldspathic quartzite RT: Calcrete UF: Animals Non-Preferred Duricrust USE: Quartzite Silcrete Faunal break UF: Canga BT: Biostratigraphy Feldspathic sandstone Ferruginous duricrust Non-Preferred Faunal evolution USE: Arkose Ferrimolybdite BT: Biostratigraphy BT: Molybdenite RT: Evolution Feldspathic shale Palaeontology BT: Shale Ferrites BT: Iron oxides Faunal extinctions Feldspathization RT: Spinel BT: Biostratigraphy BT: Metamorphism Yttrium iron garnets RT: Evolution Feldspathoids Ferrochrome Faunal stage BT: Silicate minerals BT: Iron alloys BT: Biostratigraphy NT: Leucite Melilite Ferromagnesian minerals Faunal succession Nepheline BT: Minerals BT: Biostratigraphy Petalite Scapolite Ferromanganese Faunal zone Soda lite BT: Iron alloys BT: Biostratigraphy Felsic igneous rocks Ferronickel Fayalite Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Acid igneous rocks USE: Nickel steel USE: Olivine Felsic volcanic rocks Ferrosilicon Feasibility studies Non-Preferred BT: Iron alloys BT: Evaluation USE: Acid volcanic rocks RT: Heavy media NT: Prospect evaluation RT: Cost analysis Felsite Ferrotungsten Economic analysis BT: Acid igneous rocks BT: Iron alloys Geostatistics Volcanic rocks Refractory materials Management RT: De vitrification Mine evaluation Ferruginization Mineral economics BT: Geochemical processes

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 73 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Ferruginous duricrust Field intensity Filters Non-Preferred Non-Preferred SN: Not electrical/electronic USE: Ferricrete USE: Field strength filters BT: Filtration Ferruginous sediments Field manual NT: Dust filters BT: Sediments BT: Manuals Gas filters Oil filters Fertilizers Field mapping Sand filters BT: Agriculture Non-Preferred RT: Dewatering (separation) NT: Superphosphate USE: Geological mapping Scrubbers Urea UF: Cyclone filters RT: Phosphates Field maps Disc filters BT: Geological maps Drum filters Festoon cross bedding RT: Base maps Filter presses Non-Preferred Leaf filters USE: Current bedding Field strength Pressure filters BT: Electromagnetism Rotary filters Fibre optics Physics Vacuum filters Non-Preferred RT: Geophysical interpretation USE: Optical fibres Gravitational fields Filtration Magnetic fields BT: Mineral separation Fibreglass UF: Field intensity Physical processes BT: Materials technology NT: Air filtration RT: Glass Field studies Biofiltration Glass fibres Non-Preferred Dialysis Synthetic materials USE: Field tests Filter cake Filters Fibrolite Field tests Fluid filters Non-Preferred BT: Tests RT: Clarification USE: Sillimanite RT: Soil tests Effluents UF: Field experiments Membranes Fibrous minerals Field studies Mineral processing BT: Minerals Percolation (hydrometallurgy) NT: Actinolite Filing systems Scrubbing Non-Preferred Asbestos Size classification USE: Records management Crocidolite Water treatment Mineral fibres UF: Filtering Riebeckite Filler clay BT: Clays Tremolite Financial analysis Wollastonite BT: Analysis Fillers Financing BT: Industrial minerals Fido gas analyser NT: Charitable trusts Non-Preferred RT: Additives Cost benefrt analysis Clays USE: Gas analyzers Discounted cash flow Pigments RT: Economic analysis Field corrosion tests Pulp additives Four dimensional models Non-Preferred Filling USE: Corrosion tests Financing BT: Materials handling NT: Accounting NT: Earth filling Field excursions Capital Land filling BT: Education Commerce Field geology Mine filling Derivatives Paste filling NT: Trail guides Financial analysis RT: Excavation UF: Excursion guides · Forward selling Geological excursions Hedging Films (cinematography) Investment Field experiments BT: Photography Leveraged leasing Non-Preferred Option pricing USE: Field tests Filter cake BT: Filtration Stocks and shares RT: Gold currency Field geology Management BT: Geology Filter presses NT: Field excursions Non-Preferred Fine aggregates Specimen collecting USE: Filters Non-Preferred UF: Geological field work Filtering USE: Aggregates Field instruments Non-Preferred Fine grained ores BT: Instruments USE: Filtration NT: Clinometers BT: Ores Filtering (geophysics) RT: Magnetic compasses BT: Geophysical interpretation Surveying instruments

74 BT'-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Fineness modulus Firedamp Fissionable materials Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Materials USE: Size classification USE: Methane NT: Nuclear fuels RT: Nuclear fission Fines Fires Plutonium BT: Ore textures BT: Natural hazards Uranium Particulate matter NT: Bush fires RT: Clays Fire protection Fissure eruption Dewatering (separation) Forest fires BT: Volcanoes Flocculation Mine fires RT: Fissure vents Iron ores Wildfires Sands Fissure springs Tailings First arrival BT: Springs BT: Seismic velocity Fingerprinting UF: First break Fissure veins BT: Security Non-Preferred RT: Diamonds First break USE: Vein deposits Forensic science Non-Preferred Veins Gold USE: First arrival Theft Fissure vents First order levelling BT: Volcanoes Finite difference analysis Non-Preferred RT: Fissure eruption BT: Statistical analysis USE: Surveying Fixed carbon ratio Finite element analysis Fish BT: Coal analysis BT: Statistical analysis Non-Preferred UF: Carbon ratio Fire assaying USE: Pisces Fuel ratio Non-Preferred USE: Assaying Fishing (drilling) Fixed loop EM surveys BT: Drilling BT: Ground EM surveys Fire clay RT: Drilling problems Non-Preferred Fixed screens USE: Refractory clays Fishtail bits Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Sizing screens Fire prevention USE: Drag bits Non-Preferred Fjords USE: Fire protection Fishways BT: Glacial features BT: Environmental management Fire protection RT: Dams Flagstone BT: Fires Non-Preferred RT: Safety Fissility USE: Slate UF: Fire prevention BT: Rock properties Fire resistance Flame emission spectrometry Fire safety Fission Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Spectroscopy Fire resistance USE: Nuclear fission Non-Preferred Flame emission spectroscopy USE: Fire protection Fission dating Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Spectroscopy Fire safety USE: Fission track dating Non-Preferred Flame photometry USE: Fire protection Fission reactors Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Spectroscopy Fire storms USE: Nuclear reactors Non-Preferred Flame retardants USE: Wildfires Fission track analysis BT: Protective coatings BT: Fission tracks Safety Fire tests BT: Materials tests Fission track dating Flame spectroscopy BT: Radiometric dating Non-Preferred Firebrick UF: Fission dating USE: Spectroscopy BT: Bricks Spontaneous fission track Refractory materials dating Flame tests RT: Ceramics Track etch dating BT: Qualitative analysis Combustion chambers Fission tracks Flameless combustion Fireclay refractories BT: Radioactive decay BT: Combustion BT: Refractory materials NT: Fission track analysis RT: Ceramics Silicate refractories

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 75 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Flammable gases Flocculants Floods BT: Gases Non-Preferred BT: Hydrology Hazardous materials USE: Flocculation Natural hazards RT: Mine gases NT: Flood control Flocculation UF: Flash flood Flammable liquids BT: Chemical processes Flood crest BT: Hazardous materials RT: Agglomeration Flood current RT: Safe handling Clarification Emulsification Floodway Flaser gabbro Fines Non-Prefeffed BT: Gabbro Flotation USE: Spillways RT: Metamorphic rocks Thickening UF: Coagulation Floor heave Flaser granite Deflocculation BT: Rock mechanics BT: Granite Flocculants RT: Coal mining RT: Metamorphic rocks Flocculators Underground mining

Flaser structure (sedimentary) Flocculators Flora Non-Preferred Non-Prefeffed BT: Botany USE: Current bedding USE: Flocculation NT: Megaflora Microflora Flash flood Flood basalt Weeds Non-Preferred BT: Basalt RT: Biota USE: Floods UF: Plants Flood control Flash pyrolysis BT: Roods Floral break BT: Pyrolysis NT: Flood dams BT: Palaeontology RT: Dams RT: Biostratigraphy Flash smelting Fluviograph BT: Smelting River basins Floral evolution Water conservation BT: Palaeontology Flat spot detection UF: Flood forecasting RT: Biostratigraphy BT: Direct detection Flood frequency curve Evolution RT: Bright spot detection Flood crest Floral extinctions Flexure Non-Prefeffed BT: Palaeontology BT: Folds USE: Floods RT: Biostratigraphy Evolution Flexure faults Flood current BT: Faults Non-Preferred Floral stage RT: Growth faults USE: Floods BT: Biostratigraphy

Flight line Flood dams Floral succession BT: Aerial mapping BT: Dams BT: Biostratigraphy Aerial photography Flood control Aerial surveys Floral zone RT: Flight maps Flood forecasting BT: Biostratigraphy Non-Preferred Flight line maps USE: Flood control Flotation Non-Prefeffed BT: Mineral separation USE: Flight maps Flood frequency curve NT: Bubble columns Non-Preferred Bubble size Flight maps USE: Flood control Column flotation BT: Location maps Electroflotation RT: Aerial surveys Flood plain sediments Flotation equipment Flight line Non-Preferred Flotation reagents UF: Flight line maps USE: Alluvium Froth flotation lon flotation Flint Flood plains Precipitate flotation BT: Industrial minerals BT: Geomorphology Scavenging Silica minerals NT: Alluvial plains RT: Clarification RT: Chert RT: Levees Elutriation Rivers Entrainment Flint clay Wetlands Flocculation BT: Clays UF: Fluvial plains Pulps Riverine plains Settling velocity Float ore Size classification BT: Ores Flooding (formation) Surface chemistry RT: Gossans Non-Prefeffed Surface tension USE: Water flooding UF: Flotation conditioning

76 BT=Broader term; NT=Naffower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Flotation cells Flow texture Fluidized beds Non-Preferred BT: Rheology Non-Preferred USE: Flotation equipment Rock textures USE: Fluidized bed processing UF: Flow banding Flotation conditioning' Fluidizing Non-Preferred Flowage folds Non-Preferred USE: Flotation BT: Folds USE: Fluidization

Flotation equipment Flowing wells Flumes BT: Flotation Non-Preferred BT: Water supply Mineral separators USE: Producing wells RT: Aqueducts UF: Flotation cells Hydraulic conveyors Flue dust Water tunnels Flotation reagents BT: Dust BT: Flotation RT: Fly ash Fluorapatite Reagents UF: Furnace dust BT: Apatite NT: Depressing reagents Frothing reagents Flue gases Fluorescence Xanthate Non-Preferred BT: Irradiation RT: Activating reagents USE: Waste gases NT: Fluorescence surveys Wetting agents Ultraviolet fluorescence UF: Modifying reagents Fluid dynamics BT: Fluid mechanics Fluorescence surveys Flow banding NT: Darcys law BT: Fluorescence Non-Prefe"ed Fluid flow RT: Mineral exploration USE: Flow texture Gas dynamics Ultraviolet fluorescence Hydrodynamics UF: Blue Iamping Flow breccia Turbulance BT: Breccia RT: Aerodynamics Fluoridation BT: Chemical processes Fluid filters Flow charting RT: Chlorination BT: Filtration BT: Control systems Water treatment Project management UF: Fluorination Fluid flow NT: Critical path method Hydrofluorination BT: Fluid dynamics RT: Charts RT: Hydrodynamics Fluorides Flow charts Siphoning BT: Halides Turbulance Non-Preferred NT: Calcium fluoride UF: Liquid flow USE: Flow sheets Fluorimetry Fluid inclusions Flow cleavage Non-Preferred BT: Mineral thermometry Non-Preferred USE: Fluoroscopy USE: Slaty cleavage RT: Geobarometry Geothermometry Fluorination Mineralogy Flow control Non-Preferred BT: Control systems UF: Gas inclusions USE: Fluoridation Liquid inclusions RT: Flow measurement Metering Fluorine Fluid mechanics BT: Halogens BT: Mechanical engineering Flow measurement NT: Fluorine isotopes NT: Fluid dynamics BT: Control systems RT: Fluorite RT: Flow control RT: Aerodynamics Hydrodynamics Fluorine dating Flow measurement (ground water) Fluidization BT: Age determination methods BT: Ground water movement BT: Chemical engineering UF: Fluidizing Fluorine isotopes Flow profile BT: Fluorine BT: Hydrology Fluidized bed furnaces UF: Backwater curve Non-Preferred Fluorite USE: Fluidized bed processing BT: Halogen minerals Flow properties Industrial minerals Non-Preferred Fluidized bed processing RT: Calcium fluoride USE: Rheological properties BT: Chemical engineering Fluorine UF: Fluidized bed furnaces UF: Fluorspar Flow sheets Fluidized bed roasters BT: Plant design Fluidized beds Fluorometers RT: Mineral processing Non-Preferred Pilot plants Fluidized bed roasters USE: Fluoroscopy UF: Flow charts Non-Preferred USE: Fluidized bed processing

USE- directs the user to the preferred term n GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Fluoroscopy Fly ash Folding BT: Spectroscopy BT: Byproducts BT: Deformation (structural RT: X ray fluorescence Particulate matter geology) spectroscopy Wastes NT: Fold geometry UF: Fluorimetry RT: Coal ash Fold system Fluorometers Effluents Folds Electrostatic precipitation Harmonic folding Fluorspar Flue dust UF: Drape folding Non-Preferred Lightweight aggregates USE: Fluorite Folds Fly in fly out BT: Folding Fluting Non-Preferred Geological structures BT: Glacial features USE: Commuter mining NT: Anticlines Compaction folds Fluvial channel Flyrock Complex folds Non-Preferred BT: Blasting Concentric folds USE: River channels Crenulation folds Flysch Cross folds Fluvial environment BT: Sedimentary facies Cylindrical folds BT: Non marine environment RT: Molasse Disharmonic folds UF: Fluviatile environment Drag folds Flywheels Flexure Fluvial lakes BT: Mechanical engineering Flowage folds BT: Lakes RT: Energy storage Inclined folds Longitudinal folds Fluvial plains Foaming agents Overturned folds Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Plunging folds USE: Flood plains USE: Frothing reagents Ptygmatic folds Symmetrical folds Fluvial sediments Focal depth Synclines BT: Freshwater sediments BT: Photography Troughs NT: Alluvial fans RT: Faults RT: Alluvium Focal distance Lacustrine sediments Non-Preferred Foliation UF: Bar sediments USE: Focal length BT: Rock structures Fluviatile sediments RT: Axial plane cleavage Levee sediments Focal length Cleavage Stream sediments BT: Photography Cleavage banding UF: Focal distance Cleavage plane Fluviatile environment Schistosity Non-Preferred Focussed current logging USE: Fluvial environment BT: Welllogging Fontainebleau sandstone Non-Preferred Fluviatile sediments Fold breccia USE: Sandstone Non-Preferred BT: Breccia USE: Fluvial sediments Foot prints Fold geometry BT: Trace fossils Fluvioglacial sediments BT: Folding BT: Freshwater sediments NT: Axial plane Foothills Glacial sediments Limb Non-Preferred UF: Glaciofluvial sediments Plunge USE: Piedmont UF: Axial symmetry Footings Fluviograph Axial trace Non-Preferred BT: Instruments Hinge line RT: Flood control USE: Foundations Fold mountains Footwall Fluviomarine sediments BT: Geomorphology Non-Preferred BT: Marine sediments RT: Cordillera USE: Wall rock RT: Sediments Fold system Foraminifera Fluxes BT: Folding BT: Micropalaeontology BT: Mineral processing NT: Anticlinorium NT: Benthonic foraminifera NT: Self fluxing En echelon folding Planktonic foraminifera RT: Pelleting Synclinorium Smelting Foraminiferal limestone Foldbelt BT: Limestone Fluxgate magnetometers Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Orogenic belt Foraminiferal ooze USE: Magnetometers Non-Preferred USE: Oozes

78 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Re/ated term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Fore arc basins Hardness Fossicking BT: Island arcs UF: Forgeability BT: Exploration RT: Back arc basins RT: Metal detectors Formation damage Prospecting Fore reefs BT: Reservoir performance Prospector Non-Prefe"ed NT: Skin effect (wells) USE: Reefs RT: Drilling muds Fossil assemblage Formation tests BT: Fossils Forecasting Porosity BT: Economic analysis UF: Wellbore instability Fossil coral Meteorology BT: Coral RT: Climatology Formation evaluation Natural hazards BT: Petroleum geology Fossil fuels Planning RT: Formation tests BT: Fuels Prediction Reservoir engineering NT: Coal Reservoir performance Oil sands Foredeep Subsurface correlation Peat Non-Preferred Well logging Petroleum USE: Exogeosyncline UF: Well evaluation Shale oil RT: Energy Foredunes Formation gas Liquefied natural gas BT: Dunes Non-Preferred Liquefied petroleum gas USE: Natural gas Oil shale Foreign investment Ultraclean coal BT: Investment Formation pressure RT: Economics BT: Reservoir pressure Fossil reefs Multinational companies NT: Bottom hole pressure Non-Preferred Offshore operations Overpressured formations USE: Bioherms RT: Blowout prevention Foreland basins Drilling Fossil resin BT: Basins Formation tests BT: Palaeobotany RT: Sedimentary basins Reservoir engineering Structural geology UF: Back pressure Fossil wood BT: Palaeobotany Forensic science Formation simulation UF: Opalised wood BT: Science Non-Preferred Silicified wood NT: Toxicology USE: Reservoir stimulation RT: Chemical analysis Fossilization Fingerprinting Formation tests BT: Palaeontology BT: Reservoir engineering UF: Taphonomy Foreset bed NT: Logging Non-Preferred RT: Bottom hole pressure Fossils USE: Current bedding Drilling BT: Palaeontology Formation damage NT: Fossil assemblage Foreshock Formation evaluation Index fossils BT: Earthquakes Formation pressure Macrofossils RT: Aftershock Reserves Megafossils Well tests Microfossils Forest fires UF: Drill stem testing Pseudofossils BT: Fires Repeat formation tests Trace fossils RT: Bush fires Foundation engineering Wildfires Formation water BT: Civil engineering BT: Ground water Engineering Forestry NT: Pore water NT: Compaction BT: Botany RT: Connate water Foundations Primary industry Reservoir fluids Piles NT: Dieback Reinforced earth RT: Vegetation Forsterite Reinforcement methods Non-Preferred RT: Caisson Forgeability USE: Olivine Dams Non-Preferred Engineering geology USE: Formability Forsterite marble Non-Preferred Foundation investigations Form line USE: Marble BT: Site investigations Non-Preferred RT: Buildings USE: Contour line Forward selling BT: Financing Foundations Formability RT: Hedging BT: Foundation engineering BT: Physical properties Option pricing NT: Base courses and RT: Ductility pavements

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 79 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

RT: Bearing capacity Fracture zone Freeze drying Rock mechanics Non-Preferred BT: Drying Soil mechanics USE: Fault zone UF: Footings Freeze sampling Fractured reservoirs BT: Stream sediment sampling Foundry core sands BT: Petroleum reservoirs RT: Bottom sampling Non-Preferred RT: Fracturing (formation) USE: Foundry sands Gas reservoirs Frequency distribution Oil reservoirs BT: Statistical distributions Foundry practice Porosity NT: Histograms BT: Metallurgy Reservoir performance RT: Distribution NT: Casting RT: Materials technology Fractured rock Frequency domain Moulding materials BT: Rock structures BT: Electrical surveys Structural geology RT: Time domain Foundry sands UF: Frequency effect BT: Moulding materials Fractured rock aquifers Sands BT: Aquifers Frequency effect NT: Green strength Non-Preferred UF: Foundry core sands Fractures USE: Frequency domain Moulding sands BT: Mineralogy Structural geology Frequency meters Four dimensional information NT: Fractography ST: Instruments systems BT: Information systems Fracturing (formation) Freshwater BT: Reservoir stimulation BT: Water Four dimensional models NT: Hydraulic fracturing RT: Ground water BT: Models Nuclear fracturing Lakes RT: Financial analysis Prop pants RT: Fractured reservoirs Freshwater limestone Fourier analysis Non-Preferred BT: Statistical analysis Fragmental rocks USE: Limestone RT: Signal processing Non-Preferred USE: Clastic rocks Freshwater sediments Fourier transform infrared BT: Terrestrial sediments spectroscopy Fragmental texture NT: Fluvial sediments Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Fluvioglacial sediments USE: FTIR spectroscopy USE: Rock textures Lacustrine sediments

Fractal geometry Fragmentation Friability Non-Preferred BT: Mathematical applications BT: Physical properties USE: Rock fragmentation RT: Hardness Fractional crystalization Framboid Non-Preferred Friction (engineering) BT: Pyrite USE: Magmatic segregation BT: Mechanical engineering UF: Pyrite framboid UF: Coefficient of friction Fractionation (hydrocarbons) Franklinite Non-Preferred Friction (geomechanics) USE: Cracking process BT: Oxide minerals BT: Geomechanics Zinc minerals RT: Slope stability Fractography UF: Friction factor BT: Fractures Free air anomaly BT: Gravity anomalies Friction factor NT: Free air anomaly maps Fracture analysis Non-Preferred BT: Structural analysis Free air anomaly maps USE: Friction (geomechanics) UF: Geofracture analysis BT: Free air anomaly Lineament analysis Gravity maps Fringing reefs Megajoint analysis RT: Bouguer anomaly maps BT: Coral reefs Residual anomaly maps RT: Atolls Fracture cleavage Barrier reefs BT: Cleavage Free air correction BT: Gravity corrections Front end loaders Fracture properties BT: Earth moving equipment BT: Physical properties Free moisture RT: Excavation equipment NT: Fracture strength BT: Moisture RT: Hardness RT: Inherent moisture Frontal moraine Non-Preferred Fracture strength Freestone USE: Terminal moraines BT: Fracture properties Non-Preferred USE: Sandstone

80 BT'-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Frost action Fossil fuels Refractory materials BT: Mechanical weathering Fuel oil Roasters NT: Frost heave Liquid fuels UF: Beehive kilns RT: Permafrost RT: Wood Brick kilns Kilns Frost heave Fugacity Ovens BT: Frost action BT: Gas dynamics Rotary kilns NT: Pingos RT: Geochemistry Shaft kilns RT: Permafrost Thermodynamic properties Tunnel kilns Soil mechanics Fusain Froth flotation Fulgurites BT: Lightning BT: Coal constituents BT: Flotation RT: Glass UF: Mineral charcoal UF: Frothing Sands Fused minerals Frothing BT: Materials technology Fullerenes Non-Preferred Mineral chemistry USE: Froth flotation BT: Carbon RT: Inorganic chemistry Fuses Frothing reagents BT: Blasting BT: Flotation reagents Fullers earth RT: Detonators RT: Activating reagents BT: Industrial minerals Bubble size RT: Absorbents Fusibility Depressing reagents Bentonite BT: Physical properties UF: Foaming agents Clay minerals Clay soils Fusion Frozen soils Soils BT: Chemical processes BT: Soils NT: Permafrost Fulvic acid Fuzzy arithmetic BT: Soil analysis Non-Preferred FTIR spectroscopy RT: Humic acid USE: Fuzzy logic BT: Infrared spectroscopy Organic material UF: Fourier transform infrared Fuzzy logic spectroscopy Fumarole BT: Mathematical applications BT: Volcanic vents UF: Fuzzy arithmetic Fuchsite RT: Hotsprings Fuzzy sets BT: Muscovite UF: Solfatara Fuzzy sets Non-Preferred Fuel cells Fume cupboards USE: Fuzzy logic BT: Energy storage BT: Laboratory equipment RT: Electrochemical power generation Fumes Electrochemistry Non-Preferred G Storage batteries USE: Waste gases UF: Biochemical fuel cells Gabbro Liquid metal fuel cells Fuming BT: Basic igneous rocks Regenerative fuel cells BT: Vapour metallurgy Plutonic rocks RT: Sublimation NT: Alkali gabbro Fuel oil Vapourization Flaser gabbro BT: Fuels Hornblende gabbro RT: Crude oil Fungi Hypersthene gabbro Explosives BT: Microorganisms Norite UF: Bunker oil NT: Yeast Olivine gabbro Orthoclase gabbro Fuel ratio Furnace dust Quartz gabbro Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Basalt USE: Fixed carbon ratio USE: Flue dust Dolerite UF: Allivalite Fuel storage Furnaces Eucrite BT: Storage BT: Mineral processing Feldspathic gabbro NT: Coal storage equipment Gabbro porphyrite Gas storage NT: Coke ovens Gabbro porphyry Oil storage Electrical furnaces Troctolite Tank farms Gas furnaces RT: Underground storage Hearths Gabbro porphyrite Induction furnaces Non-Preferred Fuels Metallurgical furnaces USE: Gabbro BT: Materials Muffle furnaces NT: Bagasse Reverberatory furnaces Gabbro porphyry Coal oil mixtures RT: Pyrometallurgical Non-Preferred Coal water mixtures equipment USE: Gabbro

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 81 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Gabions Gamma irradiation Gamet mica schist BT: Reinforcement methods BT: Irradiation BT: Schist RT: Excavation RT: Radiation Garnet sands Gadolinium Gamma logging BT: Sands BT: Rare earth elements Non-Preferred NT: Gadolinium isotopes USE: Radioactivity logging Garnetite BT: Metamorphic rocks Gadolinium isotopes Gamma logs BT: Gadolinium Non-Preferred Garnetization USE: Radioactivity logs BT: Gamet Gahnite RT: Contact metamorphism BT: Oxide minerals Gamma radiation Garnierite UF: Zinc spinel BT: Nuclear radiation BT: Nickel minerals RT: Alpha radiation RT: Lateritic nickel ores Gaia hypothesis Beta radiation BT: Earth (planet) Radiation hazards Gas Radioactive decay Non-Preferred Galaxy UF: Gamma rays USE: Gases BT: Astronomy RT: Nebula Gamma ray spectrometer Gas analysis Stars Non-Preferred BT: Chemical analysis USE: Scintillometers NT: Gas analyzers Galena Vacuum fusion analysis BT: Lead minerals Gamma ray spectroscopy RT: Gas chromatography Lead ores Non-Preferred Infrared analysis Sulphide minerals USE: Gamma spectroscopy Qualitative analysis Quantitative analysis Gallium Gamma rays Soil gas surveys BT: Non ferrous metals Non-Preferred Volumetric analysis NT: Gallium isotopes USE: Gamma radiation Gas analyzers Gallium isotopes Gamma spectra BT: Gas analysis BT: Gallium BT: Emission spectra NT: Gas detectors UF: Fido gas analyser Galvanic corrosion tests Gamma spectroscopy Hot wire gas analyser Non-Preferred BT: Atomic spectroscopy USE: Corrosion tests UF: Gamma ray spectroscopy Gas cap drive Non-Preferred Galvanized steel Gammacerane USE: Gas drive BT: Corrosion prevention Non-Preferred Steel USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Gas caps BT: Gas reservoirs Galvanizing Gangue RT: Natural gas BT: Corrosion prevention BT: Wastes Oil recovery Protective coatings RT: Tailings RT: Corrosion Gas chromatography Electrochemistry Garbage disposal BT: Chromatography Zinc Non-Preferred RT: Gas analysis USE: Waste disposal Infrared analysis Galvanometers UF: Gas liquid chromatography BT: Electrical engineering Garden soils Instruments Non-Preferred Gas cleaning Magnetic fields USE: Loams Non-Preferred USE: Gas processing Gamma counters Garnet BT: Radiation counters BT: Gemstones Gas compressors RT: Scintillometers Silicate minerals BT: Compressors NT: Almandine Gamma gamma logging Andradite Gas condensate BT: Welllogging Gametization Non-Preferred NT: Gamma gamma logs Grossular USE: Natural gas liquids UF: Density logging Pyrope Gas consumption Spessartite BT: Petroleum consumption Gamma gamma logs Uvarovite BT: Gamma gamma logging Yttrium iron garnets Gas content Well logs RT: Abrasives BT: Coal properties UF: Density logs Hessonite RT: Carbon dioxide Industrial gems Ethane Methane

82 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Gas cooled reactors Gas injection Proration Non-Preferred BT: Pyrometallurgy Reservoir engineering USE: Nuclear reactors Reservoir stimulation Gas ionization Gas cut muds Non-Preferred Gas production tests BT: Drilling muds USE: Ionization BT: Gas production methods RT: Gas detectors Oil cut muds Gas kicks Gas purification Petroleum exploration BT: Hydrocarbon shows Non-Preferred USE: Gas processing Gas cut water Gas liquid chromatography BT: Hydrocarbon shows Non-Preferred Gas recovery RT: Petroleum exploration USE: Gas chromatography BT: Petroleum recovery RT: Oil recovery Gas detectors Gas liquid ratio BT: Gas analyzers BT: Reservoir performance Gas reserves NT: Mud gas analyzers NT: Gas oil ratio Non-Preferred RT: Accident prevention Gas water ratio USE: Natural gas reserves Chemical analysis RT: Gas production methods Gas cut muds Oil recovery Gas reservoirs Safety devices BT: Natural gas Gas logs Petroleum reservoirs Gas distribution Non-Preferred NT: Gascaps BT: Gas storage USE: Mud logs RT: Fractured reservoirs Petroleum industry Gas production methods RT: Gas pipelines Gas oil contact Gas wells Gas utilities Non-Preferred Natural gas fields Total energy USE: Gas oil interface Natural gas reserves UF: Gas supply Oil reservoirs Gas oil interface Reservoir stimulation Gas drilling BT: Reservoir engineering Underground storage BT: Drilling RT: Air drilling RT: Gas water interface UF: Gas pools Oil water interface Natural gas reservoirs Drilling fluids UF: Gas oil contact Gas drive Gas sampling Gas oil ratio BT: Sampling BT: Petroleum well drives BT: Gas liquid ratio RT: Chemical analysis RT: Water drive UF: Dissolved gas drive UF: Oil gas ratio Reservoir gas oil ratio Gas sand Enriched gas drive BT: Sands Gas cap drive Gas pipelines RT: Natural gas Gas dynamics BT: Petroleum pipelines Producing zone BT: Fluid dynamics RT: Gas distribution Reservoir rock NT: Aerodynamics Gas storage Natural gas Gas saturated oil Fugacity BT: Crudeoil RT: Hydrodynamics Pipeline transportation Underground storage Gas exploration UF: Natural gas pipelines Gas scrubbing BT: Hydrocarbon exploration BT: Gas processing Gas pools Scrubbing Gas fields Non-Preferred RT: Waste gases Non-Preferred USE: Gas reservoirs USE: Natural gas fields Gas seepages BT: Petroleum occurrence Gas processing RT: Oil seepages Gas filters BT: Hydrocarbon processing BT: Filters NT: Gas scrubbing Gas shows Natural gas conversion BT: Hydrocarbon shows Gas furnaces RT: Natural gas treatment BT: Furnaces UF: Gas cleaning Gas storage RT: Metallurgical furnaces Gas purification BT: Fuel storage Openhearth furnaces NT: Gas distribution Pyrometallurgical Gas production methods RT: Gas pipelines equipment BT: Petroleum production Natural gas methods Gas inclusions Oil storage NT: Gas production tests Non-Preferred Storage tanks Gasification USE: Fluid inclusions Underground storage RT: Bottom hole pressure Gas industry Gas liquid ratio Gas supply Non-Preferred Gas reservoirs Non-Preferred USE: Petroleum industry Pressure reduction USE: Gas distribution

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 83 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Gas turbine power generation Gasoline Gem placer deposits Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Gem deposits USE: Electrical power generation USE: Liquid fuels Placer deposits NT: Diamond placer deposits Gas utilities Gastropoda UF: Alluvial gem deposits BT: Infrastructure BT: Mollusca RT: Gas distribution Gemmology Gathering lines NT: Gemstones Gas water contact Non-Preferred UF: Gem cutting Non-Preferred USE: Pipelines Lapidary USE: Gas water interface Gauging stations Gems Gas water interface Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Reservoir engineering USE: Stream gauging USE: Gemstones RT: Gas oil interface UF: Gas water contact Gauss projection Gemstones BT: Cartography BT: Gemmology Gas water ratio NT: Agate BT: Gas liquid ratio Gaussian distribution Amazonite Non-Preferred Amber Gas well drives USE: Statistical distributions Amethyst Non-Preferred Beryl USE: Petroleum well drives Gazetteers Chalcedony BT: Mapping Chrysoberyl Gas wells Nomenclature Chrysoprase BT: Producing wells RT: Atlases Diamonds RT: Condensate wells Geographic names Gamet Exploratory wells Gem deposits Gas reservoirs Geanticlines Industrial gems Natural gas fields BT: Geological structures Jade Oil wells RT: Anticlines Lapis lazuli Relief wells Domes (geological) Malachite Geosynclines Moonstone Gaseous phases Tectonics Onyx BT: Phase equilibria UF: Geoanticlines Opal RT: Volatile matter Peridot UF: Vapour phase Gehlenite Peristerite Non-Preferred Rhodonite Gases USE: Melilite Ruby NT: Carbon dioxide Sapphire Carbon monoxide Geiger counters Spinel Coal gas BT: Radiation counters Spodumene Compressed air RT: Scintillometers Synthetic gems Compressed gas UF: Geiger muller counters Topaz Flammable gases Tourmaline Hydrogen sulphide Geiger muller counters Turquoise Industrial gases Non-Preferred Zircon Liquefied gases USE: Geiger counters RT: Corundum Natural gas Hessonite Nitrogen Gelignite Inclusions Oxygen BT: Explosives Jadeite Rare gases Nephrite Synthesis gas Gels Pear1 Synthetic gas Non-Preferred Pyrope Vapours USE: Colloids UF: Gem mineral Waste gases Gems UF: Gas Gem cutting Precious stones Non-Preferred Semi precious stones Gash veins USE: Gemmology Non-Preferred General geology USE: Vein deposits Gem deposits BT: Geology BT: Gemstones Gasification NT: Gem placer deposits Genetic algorithms BT: Gas production methods BT: Algorithms NT: Coal gasification Gem mineral RT: Evolution Underground gasification Non-Preferred RT: Sublimation USE: Gemstones Genetic engineering Vapourization BT: Biotechnology

84 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Geoanticlines Geochemical sampling Geochemical threshold Non-Preferred Geological surveys BT: Geochemical anomalies USE: Geanticlines Petroleum geology Rock chip sampling Geochemistry Geobarometry Termite mounds BT: Chemistry BT: Solid earth geophysics UF: Geochemical prospecting NT: Biogeochemistry RT: Fluid inclusions Crustal abundance Geothermometry Geochemical facies Geochemical cycles Mineral genesis BT: Facies Geochemical exploration Geochemical interpretation Geobleme Geochemical haloes Geochemical mapping Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Geochemical methods USE: Cryptoexplosion structure USE: Geochemical dispersions Geochemical processes Geochemical sampling Geobotanical exploration Geochemical interpretation Isotope geochemistry BT: Biogeochemical exploration BT: Geochemistry Marine geochemistry Geobotany RT: Interpretative maps MMI technique NT: Indicator plants Reinterpretation Mobile metal ions RT: Geochemical exploration Organic geochemistry UF: Geobotanical prospecting Geochemical logs Petroleum geochemistry BT: Logs Rock geochemistry Geobotanical prospecting RT: Drill core analysis Trace elements Non-Preferred Drill cuttings analysis RT: Contaminant migration USE: Geobotanical exploration Earth sciences Geochemical mapping Fugacity Geobotany BT: Geochemistry Geology BT: Botany Mapping Nuclear radiation Earth sciences RT: Geochemical exploration NT: Geobotanical exploration Geochemists Geochemical maps BT: Geoscientists Geochemical analysis BT: Maps Non-Preferred NT: Stream sediment maps Geochronology USE: Chemical analysis RT: Regolith maps SN: Dating and dating Sample location maps methodology Geochemical anomalies BT: Historical geology BT: Anomalies Geochemical methods NT: Age determination methods Geochemical dispersions BT: Geochemistry Geological age NT: Geochemical background Isotope ratio Geochemical threshold Geochemical processes Thermochronology BT: Geochemistry RT: Palaeoclimatology Geochemical background NT: Chemical weathering Palaeontology BT: Geochemical anomalies Decomposition Palynology Dolomitization Stratigraphy Geochemical cycles Ferruginization UF: Geochronometry BT: Geochemistry Leaching (geology) NT: Biochemical cycles Silicification Geochronometry Non-Preferred Geochemical data Geochemical prospecting USE: Geochronology BT: Data Non-Preferred USE: Geochemical exploration Geode Geochemical dispersions BT: Sedimentary structures BT: Geochemical exploration Geochemical sampling NT: Thunder eggs NT: Geochemical anomalies BT: Geochemistry UF: Amygdules Indicator beds Sampling Druse RT: Mercury halo technique NT: Air sampling (geochemistry) Vughs UF: Geochemical haloes BLEG sampling Bottom hole sampling Geodesy Geochemical exploration Gossan sampling BT: Earth (planet) BT: Geochemistry Lag sampling NT: Earth models Mineral exploration Pisolite sampling Earth rotation NT: Aerial geochemical Rock chip sampling Earth tides exploration Soil gas sampling Expanding earth Base line data Soil sampling Geodetic surveys Biogeochemical exploration Stream sampling Geoid Geochemical dispersions Stream sediment sampling Precession of the equinoxes Indicator elements RT: Bottom sampling Satellite geodesy Mercury halo technique Geochemical exploration RT: Astronomy Sniffer surveys Ground water sampling Geophysics RT: Geobotanical exploration MMI technique Solid earth geophysics Geochemical mapping Water sampling UF: Classical geodesy

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 85 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Earth measurement Geological age Regional mapping Geodetic coordinates BT: Geochronology Regolith mapping Geodetics NT: Absolute age Stratigraphic mapping Gravimetric geodesy Relative age Structural mapping Subsurface mapping Geodetic astronomy Geological age determination Underground mapping Non-Preferred Non-Preferred UF: Field mapping USE: Astronomy USE: Age determination methods Geological maps Geodetic coordinates Geological basins BT: Geological mapping Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Maps USE: Geodesy USE: Basins NT: Explanatory notes Facies maps Geodetic levelling Geological column Field maps Non-Preferred Non-Preferred lsochron maps USE: Surveying USE: Stratigraphic succession Metallogenic maps Outcrop maps Geodetic surveys Geological data Photogeological maps BT: Geodesy BT: Data Regional maps RT: Hydrographic surveys Stratigraphic maps Topographic surveys Geological engineering Structure contour maps Non-Preferred Subcrop maps Geodetics USE: Engineering geology Subsurface maps Non-Preferred Tectonic maps USE: Geodesy Geological environment RT: Base maps BT: Geology Cross sections Geodynamics NT: Palaeoenvironment Derivative maps Non-Preferred Reducing environment Interpretative maps USE: Tectonics Sedimentary environments Regolith maps RT: Palaeogeography Sample location maps Geofracture analysis UF: Environment (geological) UF: Lithologic maps Non-Preferred Metamorphic maps USE: Fracture analysis Geological events Non-Preferred Geological models Geographic information systems USE: Episodes BT: Geology Non-Preferred Models USE: GIS Geological excursions RT: Exploration philosophy Non-Preferred Geographic names USE: Field excursions Geological monuments BT: Nomenclature BT: Landforms RT: Atlases Geological field work RT: Historical geology Gazetteers Non-Preferred National heritage USE: Field geology Geography Geological oceanography BT: Natural science Geological hazards Non-Preferred NT: Biogeography Non-Preferred USE: Marine geology Climatic zones USE: Natural hazards Developing countries Geological processes Economic geography Geological history BT: Geology Geomorphology Non-Preferred NT: Alteration (geology) Latitude USE: Historical geology Delithification Longitude Erosion Palaeogeography Geological interpretation Glaciation Regional geography BT: Interpretation Metamorphism Remote areas RT: Reinterpretation Metasomatism Recrystallization (mineralogy) Geohydrology Geological investigations Sedimentation Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Uniformitarianism USE: Hydrogeology USE: Geological surveys Volcanism Weathering Geoid Geological logging RT: Historical geology BT: Geodesy BT: Logging Tectonics NT: Terrain effects Geological logs Geological province Geoisotherm BT: Logs BT: Regional geology BT: Geothermometry UF: Lithologic logs Geological sedimentation Geological mapping Non-Preferred BT: Mapping USE: Sedimentation NT: Geological maps

86 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Geological structures History of geology Geomagnetic variation BT: Structural geology Marine geology BT: Geomagnetism NT: Backdeep Mathematical geology NT: Micropulsations Basins Mineralogy RT: Secular variation Bed rock Palaeontology Discontinuity Petrology Geomagnetism Folds Regional geology BT: Solid earth geophysics Geanticlines Sedimentary geology NT: Geomagnetic axis Geosynclines Structural geology Geomagnetic equator Grabens Surficial geology Geomagnetic fields Horst RT: Archaeology Geomagnetic poles lnliers Earth sciences Geomagnetic stations Outliers Geochemistry Geomagnetic variation RT: Sedimentary structures Geophysics Magnetic declination Tectonics Stratigraphy Magnetohydrodynamics UF: Structure Uniformitarianism Magnetosphere Palaeomagnetism Geological surveys Geomagnetic axis Secular variation BT: Surveys BT: Geomagnetism RT: Geomagnetic polarity time NT: Photogeology RT: Geomagnetic fields scale RT: Aerial surveys Magnetic anomalies Exploration Geomagnetic equator Magnetic disturbances Geochemical exploration BT: Geomagnetism Magnetic surveys Geophysical surveys UF: Magnetic equator Magnetism Soil surveys UF: Spontaneous Topographic surveys Geomagnetic fields magnetization UF: Geological investigations BT: Geomagnetism Terrestrial magnetism RT: Geomagnetic axis Geological thermometry Geomagnetic latitude Geomechanics Non-Preferred Geomagnetic longitude BT: Engineering geology USE: Geothermometry Magnetic fields NT: Friction (geomechanics) Magnetohydrodynamics Ground control Geological time Rock mechanics BT: Historical geology Geomagnetic latitude Soil mechanics NT: Eon BT: Palaeomagnetism RT: Site investigations Era RT: Geomagnetic fields Stress measurement Geological time scale Geomagnetic longitude Series Polar migration Geomembranes Stage BT: Geotextiles RT: Hiatus Geomagnetic longitude Unconformity BT: Palaeomagnetism Geomicrobiology RT: Geomagnetic fields BT: Microorganisms Geological time scale Geomagnetic latitude RT: Biogeochemistry BT: Geological time Polar migration NT: Geomagnetic polarity time Geomorphic cycle scale Geomagnetic polarity reversal Non-Preferred Phanerozoic Non-Preferred USE: Cycle of erosion Precambrian USE: Geomagnetic reversals Geomorphic evolution Geological training Geomagnetic polarity time scale BT: Geomorphology BT: Education BT: Geological time scale RT: Geomagnetism Geomorphic maps Geologists BT: Geomorphology BT: Geoscientists Geomagnetic poles Maps NT: Palaeontologists BT: Geomagnetism NT: Polar migration Geomorphologists Geology RT: Magnetic poles BT: Geoscientists NT: Agricultural geology Coal geology Geomagnetic reversals Geomorphology Correlation BT: Palaeomagnetism BT: Geography Economic geology RT: Solid earth geophysics NT: Antecedent valleys Engineering geology UF: Geomagnetic polarity Basin range structure Extraterrestrial geology reversal Block mountains Field geology Magnetic reversals Canyons General geology Reversed polarity Cordillera Geological environment Dip Geological models Geomagnetic stations Drainage (geomorphology) Geological processes BT: Geomagnetism Drowned valleys Glacial geology Flood plains Historical geology Fold mountains

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 87 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Geomorphic evolution interpretation Exploration Geomorphic maps Filtering (geophysics) Geological surveys Impact structures Geophysical profiles Marine geophysics lnselbergs Gravity interpretation Marine surveys Landforms Magnetic interpretation Mineral exploration Massif Radiometric interpretation Oceanographic surveys Migration Seismic interpretation Profiling Monadnocks Type curve Well logging Mountains RT: Field strength UF: Geophysical exploration Outwash plains Interpretative maps Geophysical prospecting Palaeogeomorphology Reinterpretation Mining geophysics Physiographic province UF: Curve matching River system Geophysical training Topography Geophysical logs BT: Education Valleys BT: Logs RT: Earth sciences NT: Magnetic logs Geophysicists Glacial geology BT: Geoscientists Isostasy Geophysical maps NT: Seismologists Lunar geology BT: Maps Marine geology NT: EM maps Geophysics Pedology Gravity maps BT: Earth sciences Photogeology IP maps NT: Engineering geophysics Radial drainage Magnetic maps Geophysical equipment River capture Radiometric maps Geophysical interpretation Surficial geology Seismic maps Geophysical methods Volcanology RT: Derivative maps Geophysical models UF: Historical geomorphology Interpretative maps Geophysical surveys Physical geography Marine geophysics Physical geology Geophysical methods Mineral physics Physiography BT: Geophysics Palaeogeophysics NT: Down hole geophysics Regional geophysics Geophones Electrical survey methods Rock geophysics Non-Preferred Geothermal survey methods Solid earth geophysics USE: Seismometers Gravity survey methods Spectral analysis Magnetic survey methods RT: Bathymetry Geophysical anomalies Radioactivity survey methods Geodesy BT: Anomalies Seismic survey methods Geology Geophysical surveys Isostasy NT: EM anomalies Geophysical models Nuclear radiation Geothermal anomalies BT: Geophysics Physics Gravity anomalies Simulation Tectonics IP anomalies RT: Models Magnetic anomalies Geosciences Radiometric anomalies Geophysical profiles Non-Preferred Radon anomalies BT: Geophysical interpretation USE: Earth sciences SP anomalies NT: EM profiles Gravity profiles Geoscientists Geophysical data IP profiles BT: Personnel BT: Data Magnetic profiles NT: Geochemists NT: Gravity data Radiometric profiles Geologists Magnetic data Resistivity profiles Geomorphologists Seismic data Seismic profiles Geophysicists Soil scientists Geophysical equipment Geophysical prospecting RT: Consultants BT: Equipment Non-Preferred Geophysics USE: Geophysical surveys Geosphere RT: Logging equipment BT: Earth (planet) UF: Geophysical instruments Geophysical surveys NT: Earth atmosphere BT: Geophysics Earth core Geophysical exploration Surveys Earth hydrosphere Non-Preferred NT: Aerial geophysical surveys Earth internal structure USE: Geophysical surveys Base line data Earth lithosphere Electrical surveys Earth mantle Geophysical instruments Geophysical anomalies Earth surface Non-Preferred Geothermal surveys RT: Solid earth geophysics USE: Geophysical equipment Gravity surveys Magnetic surveys Geostatistics Geophysical interpretation Radioactivity surveys BT: Mathematical geology BT: Geophysics Seismic surveys Statistical analysis NT: Electrical survey RT: Aerial surveys NT: Kriging

88 BT=Broader term; NTc..Narrower term; Rr-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Variograms Hot ground Geysers RT: Decision methods UF: Heat flow BT: Hot springs Feasibility studies Mine evaluation Geothermal history Giant gas fields Ore reserve estimation BT: Geothermometry BT: Natural gas fields RT: Diagenesis Geosteering Geothermal heat flow Giant oil fields Non-Preferred Thermal metamorphism BT: Oil fields USE: Measurement while drilling UF: Thermal history Gibber Geothermal maps Geosynclinal cycle BT: Pebbles BT: Maps Non-Preferred Wind erosion USE: Tectonic cycle RT: Arid environment Geothermal metamorphism Deserts Non-Preferred Geosynclinal facies Dreikanter BT: Sedimentary facies USE: Thermal metamorphism Gibbsite Geothermal sediments Geosynclines BT: Aluminium minerals BT: Sediments BT: Geological structures Clay minerals NT: Siliceous sinter NT: Eugeosyncline Oxide minerals Travertine Exogeosyncline Miogeosyncline Gilgai Geothermal survey methods Orthogeosyncline BT: Soils BT: Geophysical methods Taphrogeosyncline Geothermal surveys RT: Anticlines Gilsonite Domes (geological) Geothermal surveys BT: Bitumens Geanticlines BT: Geophysical surveys Tectonics NT: Geothermal anomalies GIS UF: Brachygeosyncline Geothermal survey methods BT: Information systems RT: Temperature logging NT: Spatial databases Geotechnical engineering UF: Geothermal exploration RT: Computer graphics Non-Preferred Temperature surveys Remote sensing USE: Engineering geology Thermal exploration UF: Geographic information Thermal prospecting systems Geotectonic cycle Non-Preferred Geothermal water Glacial action USE: Tectonic cycle Non-Preferred BT: Glaciation USE: Hydrothermal water NT: Glacial erratic Geotectonics UF: Ice action Non-Preferred Geothermal zones USE: Tectonics BT: Geothermal heat flow Glacial control theory NT: Hot dry rock BT: Coral reefs Geotextiles Hot ground RT: Atolls BT: Reinforcement methods Hydrothermal fluids Barrier reefs NT: Geomembranes Geothermometry Glacial cycle Geothermal anomalies BT: Solid earth geophysics BT: Glaciation BT: Geophysical anomalies NT: Geoisotherm NT: Milankovitch theory Geothermal surveys Geothermal heat flow RT: Eustacy UF: Thermal anomaly Geothermal history Mineral thermometry Glacial drainage Geothermal energy RT: Fluid inclusions BT: Glaciation BT: Renewable energy Geobarometry Mineral genesis Glacial drift Geothermal exploration UF: Geological thermometry Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Glacial till USE: Geothermal surveys Germanium BT: Semiconductor materials Glacial epoch Geothermal gradients NT: Germanium isotopes Non-Preferred BT: Geothermal heat flow USE: Glacial period NT: Thermal conductivity Germanium isotopes UF: Temperature gradients BT: Germanium Glacial erosion Thermal gradients BT: Erosion Thermoclines Gersdorffite Glaciation BT: Nickel minerals RT: Water erosion Geothermal heat flow UF: Nickel glance BT: Geothermometry Glacial erratic NT: Geothermal gradients Geyserite BT: Glacial action Geothermal zones Non-Preferred UF: Erratic (glacial) RT: Geothermal history USE: Siliceous sinter

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 89 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Glacial features Glacial till Optical glass BT: Glaciation Rock flour Ruby glass Landforms Tillite Silica glass NT: Arete RT: Varves Vitrification Banding UF: Drift RT: Ceramics Bergschrund Fibreglass Chattermark Glacial striation Fulgurites Cirque BT: Glacial features Crevasses Glass fibres Drumlin Glacial till BT: Glass Faceted boulders BT: Glacial sediments RT: Artificial mineral fibres Faceted pebbles RT: Boulder clay Fibreglass Fjords Moraines Fluting UF: Glacial drift Glass making Glacial pavements Till BT: Glass Glacial polish Till (glacial) Glacial pressure ridges Glass sands Glacial striation Glaciation BT: Sands Hanging glaciers BT: Geological processes Hanging valleys Glacial geology Glauberite Moraines NT: Glacial action BT: Evaporite minerals Neve Glacial cycle Nunatak Glacial drainage Glauconite Perched block Glacial erosion BT: Clay minerals Pressure ridge Glacial features Mica Roche moutonnee Glacial period RT: Greenalite Sole marks Glacial sediments Illite Striated pebbles Glaciers RT: Coastal features Land ice Glauconitic sands Sea ice BT: Sands Glacial flour RT: Climatology UF: Greensand Non-Preferred Episodes USE: Rock flour Hydrogeology Glaucophane Isostasy BT: Amphiboles Glacial geology Palaeoclimatology BT: Geology UF: Glaciology Global positioning system NT: Glaciation Non-Preferred RT: Geomorphology Glacier flow USE: GPS BT: Glaciers Glacial lakes Global tectonics BT: Lakes Glacier ice Non-Preferred BT: Glaciers USE: Plate tectonics Glacial marine sediments BT: Marine sediments Glaciers Global warming BT: Glaciation BT: Climatology Glacial moraines NT: Glacier flow RT: Climate change Non-Preferred Glacier ice Emissions trading USE: Moraines RT: Boulders Land ice Globular projection Glacial pavements Moraines BT: Cartography BT: Glacial features UF: Mountain glacier UF: Pavement (glacial) Piedmont glacier Gloryhole mining BT: Mining Glacial period Glaciofluvial sediments BT: Glaciation Non-Preferred Glossaries UF: Glacial epoch USE: Fluvioglacial sediments BT: Nomenclature Ice age RT: Catalogues Interglacial stage Glaciology Dictionaries Non-Preferred Thesauri Glacial polish USE: Glaciation BT: Glacial features Glossopteris Glass BT: Gymnospermae Glacial pressure ridges BT: Industrial materials BT: Glacial features NT: Borosilicate glass Gneiss Devitrification BT: Metamorphic rocks Glacial sediments Devitrified glass NT: Banded gneiss BT: Glaciation Glass fibres Biotite gneiss Terrestrial sediments Glass making Dumortierite NT: Boulder clay Heat resistant glass Gneissic structure Fluvioglacial sediments Lead glass Granite gneiss

90 BT:.,.Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Injection gneiss Gold deposits Gold rushes Mylonite gneiss . BT: Gold BT: Exploration history Paragneiss Precious metal deposits Primary gneiss NT: Carlin type deposits Gold standard RT: Migmatite Gold placer deposits BT: Economics UF: Augen gneiss Lateritic gold deposits Spotted gneiss Thermal aureole gold Gold tellurides BT: Gold compounds Gneissic structure Gold dredging Tellurium minerals BT: Gneiss BT: Dredging Goldfieldite Rock textures Gold BT: Copper minerals UF: Gneissosity RT: Gold placer deposits Gondwana Gneissosity Gold exploration BT: Palaeogeography Non-Preferred BT: Gold RT: Laurasia USE: Gneissic structure Mineral exploration Pangaea Rodinia Gold fineness Gnomonic projection Supercontinent BT: Gold alloys BT: Cartography Tethys Vaalbara Gold isotopes Goethite UF: Gondwanaland BT: Iron ores BT: Gold - Oxide minerals Gold loans Gondwanaland UF: Xanthosiderite BT: Hedging Non-Preferred USE: Gondwana Gold Gold minerals BT: Precious metals Goniometers NT: Gold alloys BT: Gold Metalliferous minerals BT: Optical equipment Gold bullion RT: Spectrometers Gold compounds UF: Contact goniometer Gold currency Gold mines BT: Gold Diffractometers Gold deposits Mines Reflection goniometer Gold dredging Gold exploration Gold ores Gorges Gold isotopes BT: Gold Non-Preferred Gold minerals USE: Canyons Gold mines NT: Calaverite Lateritic gold ores Gold ores Refractory gold ores Goslarite Gold prices RT: Refractory ores BT: Sulphate minerals Gold production Zinc minerals Gold refining Gold placer deposits Gold reserves Gossan sampling Gold resources BT: Gold deposits Placer deposits BT: Geochemical sampling Native gold RT: Gold dredging Gossans RT: Amalgamation Carbon in leach process UF: Alluvial gold deposits Gossans Carbon in pulp process BT: Sulphide deposits Gold prices Fingerprinting NT: Gossan sampling . Resin in pulp process BT: Gold RT: Chemical weathenng Metal prices Decomposition Gold alloys Float ore BT: Alloys Gold production UF: Boxwork BT: Gold Gold Leached outcrop Mineral statistics NT: Electrum Gold fineness Gold recovery Gouge Maldonite BT: Cupellation Non-Preferred Porpezite USE: Fault gouge White gold Gold refining BT: Gold Government Gold bullion Refining NT: Government de~artments BT: Gold Government pohcy Gold reserves Gold compounds BT: Gold Government departments BT: Gold Gold resources BT: Government NT: Gold tellurides Ore reserves RT: Organizations

Gold currency Gold resources Government participation BT: Gold BT: Gold BT: Government policy RT: Financing Mineral resources Partnerships NT: Gold reserves RT: Public participation

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 91 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus e

Graders Granitoid Government policy BT: Excavation equipment Non-Preferred BT: Government USE: Granitic rock Policy Gradient array NT: Deregulation BT: Electrode array Granoblastic texture Energy policy Non-Preferred Government participation Grading USE: Rock textures Land rights Non-Preferred Legislation USE: Size classification Granodiorite Mineral policy BT: Acid igneous rocks Mining policy Grain morphology RT: Adamellite Nuclear debate BT: Mineralogy Dacite Privatization RT: Grain size analysis Diorite Royalties Granite Grain size analysis Science policy Plutonic rocks Sovereign risk BT: Size classification RT: Grain morphology Tariffs Granophyre Taxation BT: Acid igneous rocks Water rights Granite BT: Acid igneous rocks RT: Granite porphyry RT: Incentives Plutonic rocks Quartz porphyry Sustainable development NT: A type granite Volcanic rocks Alaskite GPS Granophyric texture Alkali granite BT: Navigation Non-Preferred RT: Datum Binary granite USE: Rock textures Satellite navigation Flaser granite Graphic granite Surveying Granular soils UF: Global positioning system Greisen Non-Preferred I type granite USE: Noncohesive soils Grab samples Luxullianite BT: Grab sampling S type granite Granular texture RT: Adamellite Non-Preferred Boss Grab sampling USE: Rock textures BT: Sampling Charnockite Columbite NT: Grab samples Granulation Granite porphyry BT: Crushing Grabens Granodiorite RT: Comminution BT: Geological structures Migmatite NT: Half grabens Pegmatite Granulite RT: Block faults Rhyolite BT: Metamorphic rocks Fault blocks Trondhjemite UF: Leptite UF: Trough fault UF: Granitite Leucogranite Granulite facies Grade (mineral deposits) BT: Metamorphic facies Granite aplite Non-Preferred RT: Amphibolite facies Non-Preferred USE: Ore grade USE: Aplite Graphic granite Grade control BT: Granite Granite gneiss BT: Mining RT: Graphic pegmatite BT: Gneiss NT: Dilution (ore) Selective mining Graphic logs Granite porphyry RT: Mining geology BT: Logs BT: Porphyries Ore grade UF: Sample logs Ore sorting RT: Granite Strip logs Granophyre Sampling Quartz porphyry UF: Grade control (ore) Graphic pegmatite Ore grading UF: Porphyritic microgranite BT: Pegmatite RT: Graphic granite Granitic rock Grade control (ore) Non-Preferred BT: Acid igneous rocks Graphic presentation Plutonic rocks USE: Grade control NT: Audio visual materials UF: Granitoid Charts Graded bedding Histograms Granitite BT: Sedimentary structures Mapping Non-Preferred RT: Current bedding Mohr circles Facing USE: Granite Multimedia Nomograms Granitization Graded streams Rose diagrams Non-Preferred BT: Metamorphism Stereographic projection NT: Mafic front USE: River gradient Video RT: Anatexis RT: Cartography

92 BT Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Graphite Gravimetry Gravity exploration BT: Industrial minerals Non-Preferred Non-Preferred NT: Graphite deposits USE: Gravity USE: Gravity surveys RT: Carbon Carbon refractories Gravitational fields Gravity fault BT: Gravity Non-Preferred Graphite deposits NT: Gravity gradient USE: Normal faults BT: Graphite RT: Field strength Non metalliferous deposits Solid earth geophysics Gravity fields UF: Gravity fields Non-Preferred Graphite moderated reactors USE: Gravitational fields Non-Preferred Gravity USE: Nuclear reactors BT: Solid earth geophysics Gravity gradient NT: Gravitational fields BT: Gravitational fields Graphite schist RT: Earth tides BT: Schist Gravity network Gravity gradiometers Isostasy BT: Gravimeters Graptolites UF: Absolute gravity BT: Hemichordata Gravimetry Gravity interpretation Normal gravity BT: Geophysical interpretation Gravel Observed gravity RT: Gravity profiles BT: Clastic sediments Detritus Gravity anomalies Gravity maps NT: Gravel pits BT: Geophysical anomalies BT: Geophysical maps RT: Aggregates Gravity surveys NT: Bouguer anomaly maps Grit NT: Free air anomaly Free air anomaly maps Moraines Lateral shift Residual anomaly maps Noncohesive soils UF: Bouguer anomalies RT: Gravity profiles Sands Gravity disturbances UF: Regional gravity maps Sediments Soil textures Gravity concentration Gravity meters UF: Sandy gravel Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Gravity separation USE: Gravimeters Gravel packing BT: Sand control Gravity concentrators Gravity methods Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Gravel pits USE: Gravity separators USE: Gravity survey methods BT: Gravel Pits Gravity corrections Gravity network BT: Gravity surveys BT: Gravity surveys Gravel sampling NT: Gravity stations Non-Preferred NT: Drift correction Free air correction RT: Gravity USE: Stream sediment sampling Isostatic correction Gravimeters Latitude correction Gravity profiles Topographic correction BT: Geophysical profiles BT: Gravity survey equipment UF: Bouguer correction RT: Gravity interpretation Instruments NT: Gravity gradiometers Gravity deflection Gravity maps Gravity reduction RT: Gravity surveys Gravity reduction UF: Absolute gravity Non-Preferred instruments Gravity dams BT: Dams USE: Gravity corrections Gravity meters RT: Concrete dams Vibration gravimeters Gravity separation Worden gravimeter Earth dams Rockfill dams BT: Mineral separation Gravimetric analysis NT: Centrifugal separation BT: Chemical analysis Gravity data Gravity separators RT: Thermogravimetric BT: Geophysical data Heavy media separation analysis Jigging Gravity deflection Panning Gravimetric geodesy Non-Preferred Sluicing Non-Preferred USE: Gravity corrections Tabling USE: Geodesy RT: Spiral separation Gravity disturbances Thickening Gravimetric prospecting Non-Preferred UF: Gravity concentration Non-Preferred USE: Gravity anomalies USE: Gravity surveys Gravity separators Gravity drainage BT: Gravity separation Gravimetric surveys BT: Drainage (dewatering) Mineral separators Non-Preferred NT: Centrifugal separators USE: Gravity surveys Heavy media separators

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 93 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Jigs (concentrators) RT: Carbon dioxide Pebble mills Sluices (concentrators) Carbon tax Rod mills Tables (concentrators) CFC Tube mills Teetered bed separators Climatology Vibrating mills RT: Spiral separators PCB RT: Crushers Thickeners (equipment) UF: Gravity concentrators Greenland spar Grit Non-Preferred BT: Clastic rocks Gravity stations USE: Cryolite RT: Abrasives BT: Gravity network Gravel Greenlandite Grit removal Gravity survey equipment Non-Preferred Sands BT: Gravity surveys USE: Columbite NT: Gravimeters Grit removal Greensand BT: Clarification Gravity survey methods Non-Preferred RT: Grit BT: Geophysical methods USE: Glauconitic sands Gravity surveys Grizzlies UF: Gravity methods Greenschist BT: Size classifiers BT: Schist RT: Sizing screens Gravity surveys BT: Geophysical surveys Greenschist facies Gross gas reserves NT: Aerial gravity surveys BT: Metamorphic facies BT: Natural gas reserves Density profile Gravity anomalies Greenstone Gross heat value Gravity corrections BT: Metamorphic rocks Non-Preferred Gravity network USE: Calorific value Gravity survey equipment Greenstone (mineral) Gravity survey methods Non-Preferred Gross oil reserves Gravity values USE: Nephrite BT: Oil reserves Marine gravity surveys RT: Gravimeters Gregory thesis Grossular UF: Gravimetric prospecting BT: Trade balance BT: Gamet Gravimetric surveys NT: Hessonite Gravity exploration Greisen UF: Grossularite Helicopter gravity surveys BT: Granite Microgravity surveys RT: Mica Grossularite Pegmatite Non-Preferred Gravity values Quartz USE: Grossular BT: Gravity surveys Topaz Ground control Green algae Greywacke BT: Geomechanics Non-Preferred BT: Clastic rocks NT: Cable bolting USE: Algae NT: Quartz greywacke Ground freezing UF: Arkosic graywacke Grouting Green strength Feldspathic graywacke Rock bolting BT: Casting Shotcrete Foundry sands Grindability RT: Mine support RT: Pelleting BT: Grinding Rock mechanics

Greenalite Grinding Ground cover BT: Serpentine BT: Comminution BT: Vegetation RT: Glauconite NT: Autogenous grinding RT: Revegetation Ball milling Soil erosion Greenfields development Dry grinding BT: Mine development Grindability Ground EM methods Project development Grinding mills BT: EM methods RT: Brownfields development Hammer milling Ground EM surveys Pebble milling NT: Sirotem methods Greenhouse effect Rod milling Turam EM survey methods BT: Environmental management RT: Crushing UF: EM sounding methods NT: Emissions trading Mixing Pulse EM methods Greenhouse gases UF: Atomizing Slingram EM methods RT: Carbon cycle Pulverizing UTEM method Earth atmosphere VLF EM methods Grinding mills Greenhouse gases BT: Comminution equipment Ground EM surveys BT: Air pollution Grinding BT: EM surveys Greenhouse effect NT: Ball mills NT: EM sounding NT: Emissions trading Hammer mills Fixed loop EM surveys

94 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Ground EM methods Ground water basins Ground water quality Pulse EM surveys BT: Basins BT: Ground water Sirotem surveys Ground water Water quality Slingram EM surveys NT: Artesian basins RT: lsosalinity maps Turam EM surveys UTEM surveys Ground water chemistry Ground water recharge VLF EM surveys Non-Prefe"ed BT: Ground water USE: Water chemistry NT: Artificial ground water Ground freezing recharge BT: Ground control Ground water depletion Ground water intake beds RT: Grouting BT: Ground water management Recharge area Mine support NT: Ground water mining RT: Aquifers Salt water encroachment Ground water discharge Ground magnetic surveys Ground water management BT: Magnetic surveys Ground water discharge Ground water withdrawal BT: Ground water Water conservation Ground moraines NT: Baseflow Water supply BT: Moraines Springs UF: Ground water intake RT: Ground water recharge Ground water recharge Ground penetrating radar basins BT: Radar Ground water flow Percolation (ground water) Recharge (ground water) Ground radar surveys Non-Preferred BT: Surveys USE: Ground water movement Recharge basins Spreading basins Ground water geology Ground radioactivity surveys BT: Radioactivity surveys Non-Preferred Ground water recharge basins USE: Hydrogeology Non-Preferred Ground water USE: Ground water recharge BT: Hydrogeology Ground water gradient Ground water reservoirs Water Non-Preferred Non-Preferred NT: Aquicludes USE: Hydraulic gradient Aquifers USE: Aquifers Artesian water Ground water intake Ground water resources Baseflow Non-Preferred Connate water USE: Ground water recharge BT: Ground water Water resources Convection Ground water intake beds Formation water Ground water sampling Ground water basins BT: Ground water recharge BT: Ground water UF: Intake basins Ground water discharge Water sampling Ground water level RT: Geochemical sampling Ground water management Ground water level BT: Ground water Ground water movement Ground water sources NT: Water table Ground water province BT: Ground water Ground water quality Ground water management Ground water recharge Ground water surveys BT: Ground water Ground water resources BT: Ground water Ground water sampling Water management Surveys NT: Ground water depletion Ground water sources NT: Salinity surveys Ground water pollution Ground water surveys Water divining Perched ground water Ground water withdrawal Well location surveys Safe yield Underflow RT: Drilling RT: Ground water recharge Underground streams Exploration Water wells Water resources Ground water mining RT: Artesian aquifers Water supply BT: Ground water depletion Contamination UF: Water prospecting Darcys law Ground water movement Freshwater Ground water table BT: Ground water Leaky aquifers Non-Preferred Recharge wells NT: Flow measurement USE: Water table Salt water encroachment (ground water) UF: Ground water flow Soil water Ground water withdrawal Specific yield BT: Ground water management Ground water pollution Surface waters NT: Cone of depression BT: Ground water management Unconfined aquifers Drawdown Zone of saturation Water pollution RT: Ground water recharge UF: Bore water RT: Contaminant migration Groundwater Groundmass Phreatic water Ground water province Non-Preferred BT: Ground water Underground water USE: Matrix (petrology) Well water

USE directs the user to the preferred term 95 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Groundwater Gypsum Halite Non-Preferred BT: Calcium sulphates BT: Evaporite minerals USE: Ground water Evaporite minerals Halogen minerals Industrial minerals Industrial minerals Grouting Sulphate minerals NT: Rock salt BT: Ground control NT: Gypsum deposits NT: Chemical grouts RT: Anhydrite Halloysite RT: Cements UF: Gyprock BT: Clay minerals Concrete Rock gypsum RT: Illite Ground freezing Selenite Kaolinite Mortars Montmorillonite Resin cements Gypsum cements Rock bolting BT: Cements Halogen minerals Seepage RT: Calcium sulphates BT: Non metalliferous minerals Well cementing Oil well cements NT: Carnallite UF: Cement grouts Plaster Cerargyrite UF: Plaster of paris Cryolite Growth faults Fluorite BT: Faults Gypsum deposits Halite RT: Flexure faults BT: Evaporite deposits Listric faults Gypsum Halogenation UF: Contemporaneous faults RT: Anhydrite deposits BT: Chemical processes Slump faults Halogens Synchronous faults Gyratory crushers RT: Vapour metallurgy BT: Crushers Grunerite RT: Cone crushers Halogens BT: Amphiboles Impact crushers BT: Chemical compounds Jaw crushers NT: Bromine Guano Roll crushers Chlorine BT: Phosphate deposits Stamp batteries Fluorine Halides Guidelines Halogenation BT: Code of practice Iodine RT: Code of ethics H Specifications Hammer drilling Habit Standards BT: Pneumatic drilling BT: Crystallography NT: Hammer drills Gulfs Hade BT: Coastal features Hammer drills Non-Preferred BT: Hammer drilling USE: Fault geometry Gullies Pneumatic drills Non-Preferred Haematite USE: Valleys Hammer milling Non-Preferred BT: Grinding USE: Hematite Gully erosion NT: Hammer mills Non-Preferred RT: Crushing Hafnium USE: River erosion BT: Non ferrous metals Hammer mills Gummite NT: Hafnium isotopes BT: Grinding mills BT: Uranium minerals Hammer milling Hafnium isotopes RT: Crushers Guyots BT: Hafnium Pebble mills BT: Submarine topographic Rod mills Half grabens features Stamp batteries BT: Grabens Gymnospermae Hand generators Half life BT: Spermatophyta Non-Preferred Non-Preferred NT: Glossopteris USE: Electrical power generation USE: Radioactive half life UF: Coniferales Hand specimens Halides Gyprock Non-Preferred BT: Halogens Non-Preferred USE: Specimen collecting NT: Bromides USE: Gypsum Chlorides Handbook Fluorides Gypsite Non-Preferred Iodides BT: Soil horizons USE: Manuals RT: Calcrete Duricrust Handling Non-Preferred USE: Materials handling

96 BT'-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Hanging glaciers Hardpan Heap leaching BT: Glacial features Non-Preferred BT: Leaching USE: Duricrust RT: Acid leaching Hanging valleys Ammoniacal leaching BT: Glacial features Hardware (computers) Bacterial leaching Non-Preferred UF: Dump leaching Hanging wall USE: Computer hardware Non-Preferred Hearths USE: Wall rock Harmonic folding BT: Furnaces BT: Folding RT: Refractory materials Harbours BT: Coastal features Harzburgite Heat RT: Coastal engineering Non-Preferred BT: Physical properties Ports USE: Peridotite NT: Calorimetry Heat balance Hard rock geology Hasting site Heat capacity Non-Preferred BT: Amphiboles Heat of combustion USE: Mining geology Heat of crystallization Haul roads Heat of reaction Hard water BT: Open cut mining Heat recovery BT: Water quality RT: Declines Heat transfer RT: Soft water Haulage vehicles Latent heat Mine roads Radiant heat Hardening (materials) Mine transportation Solar heating BT: Physical metallurgy Mining engineering Temperature RT: Materials technology Road transportation RT: Energy • Metallurgy Thermodynamics UF: Case hardening Haulage (metallurgical) BT: Transportation Heat balance Hardness BT: Heat Haulage vehicles - RT: Combustion BT: Physical properties NT: Hardness tests BT: Road transportation UF: Heat budget RT: Brittleness NT: Diesel vehicles Tractors Heat budget Ductility Formability Trolley assist vehicles Non-Preferred RT: Haul roads USE: Heat balance Fracture properties Mine transportation Friability Impact strength UF: Offroad vehicles Heat capacity BT: Heat Machinability Hawaiite RT: Calorimeter Penetration resistance Plastic properties Non-Preferred UF: Specific heat USE: Andesine basalt Rock properties Heat flow Toughness Wear resistance Hazardous materials Non-Preferred BT: Materials USE: Geothermal heat flow Hardness testers NT: Flammable gases Non-Preferred Flammable liquids Heat of combustion USE: Hardness tests Toxic substances BT: Heat RT: Industrial safety RT: Combustion Hardness tests Materials handling BT: Hardness Safe handling Heat of crystallization Physical tests BT: Heat NT: Brinell hardness Headframes RT: Crystallization Mohs scale BT: Equipment RT: Compression tests Mining engineering Heat of reaction Ductility tests RT: Mine hoisting BT: Heat Dynamic tests Mine shafts NT: Endothermic reactions Impact tests Shaft sinking Exothermic reactions Low temperature tests Nondestructive testing Headward erosion Heat recovery Wear tests BT: Erosion BT: Heat UF: Diamond pyramid RT: Cooling hardness tests Health and safety Heat transfer Durometer hardness tests Non-Preferred Dynamic hardness tests USE: Safety Heat resistant glass Hardness testers BT: Glass Indentation hardness tests Health physics Heat resistant materials Microhardness tests BT: Industrial health Scratch hardness tests RT: Radiation hazards Static hardness tests

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 97 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Heat resistant materials NT: Heavy media cyclones Helicopter surveys BT: Refractory materials RT: Sluices (concentrators) Non-Preferred NT: Heat resistant glass Spiral separators USE: Aerial surveys RT: Insulation Tables (concentrators) Helium Heat transfer Heavy metal deposits BT: Rare gases BT: Heat Non-Prefe"ed NT: Helium compounds RT: Cooling USE: Mineral sands Helium isotopes Heat recovery Liquid helium Heating Heavy metals RT: Natural gas Non-Preferred Heat treating furnaces USE: Base metals Helium age method BT: Metallurgical furnaces Non-Prefe"ed Heavy mineral analysis USE: Helium dating Heat treatment BT: Chemical analysis BT: Metallurgy Helium compounds NT: Decrepitation Heavy mineral deposits BT: Helium RT: Heating Non-Prefe"ed USE: Mineral sands Helium dating Heat value BT: Radiometric dating Non-Preferred Heavy mineral sampling UF: Helium age method USE: Calorific value BT: Sampling RT: Mineral sands Helium isotopes Heating Panning BT: Helium BT: Environmental management NT: Radiant heating Heavy mineral sands Helium magnetometers Water heating Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Water jackets USE: Mineral sands USE: Vapour magnetometers RT: Heat transfer Heat treatment Heavy minerals Hematite BT: Detrital minerals BT: Iron ores Heave (fault) Oxide minerals Non-Preferred Heavy oils NT: Martite USE: Fault geometry Non-Preferred Micaceous hematite USE: Crude oil UF: Haematite Heaving shale Titaniferous hematite BT: Shale Heavy water BT: Hydrogen isotopes Hemichordata Heavy liquid separation RT: Deuterium BT: Invertebrate palaeontology Non-Prefe"ed Nuclear reactors NT: Graptolites USE: Heavy media separation Tritium UF: Deuterium oxide Hemimorphite Heavy liquids BT: Zinc Non-Prefe"ed Heavy water reactors USE: Heavy media Non-Preferred Heptanes USE: Nuclear reactors BT: Alkanes Heavy media BT: Heavy media separation Heavyweight aggregates Hercynian orogeny NT: Bromoform BT: Aggregates Non-Prefe"ed Magnetic fluids RT: Barite USE: Tectonic cycle Methylene iodide Ilmenite RT: Ferrosilicon Lightweight aggregates Hercynite UF: Heavy liquids Limonite BT: Spinel Specific gravity liquid Hedenbergite Hessonite Heavy media cyclones BT: Pyroxene BT: Grossular BT: Heavy media separators RT: Gamet Hedging Gemstones Heavy media separation BT: Financing BT: Gravity separation NT: Gold loans Heterogeneity NT: Heavy media RT: Forward selling BT: Physical properties Heavy media separators Option pricing UF: Inhomogeneous media RT: Spiral separation Tabling Hedyphane Hexagonal system UF: Dense media separation BT: Apatite BT: Crystal systems Heavy liquid separation RT: Crystallography Helicopter gravity surveys UF: Rhombohedral system Heavy media separators Non-Preferred Trigonal system BT: Gravity separators USE: Gravity surveys Heavy media separation

98 BT'-Broader term; NT==Na"ower term; RT==Related term; UF==Use for Alphabetical Listing

Hexanes Hinge faults Holmium BT: Alkanes BT: Faults BT: Rare earth elements NT: Holmium isotopes Hexapoda Hinge line BT: Arthropoda Non-Preferred Holmium isotopes NT: Insecta USE: Fold geometry BT: Holmium

Hiatus Histograms Holocene BT: Unconformity BT: Frequency distribution BT: Quaternary RT: Diastem Graphi-c presentation UF: Recent Geological time Historic reserve Holocrystalline texture Hieroglyph Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Sedimentary structures USE: Public reserve USE: Rock textures RT: Problematica Historical geology Holotype High angle conveyors SN: Geological events in Non-Preferred BT: Belt conveyors relative time sequence USE: Type specimen BT: Geology High grade ores NT: Chemostratigraphy Hominoidea BT: Ore grade Episodes BT: Primates RT: Low grade ores Geochronology NT: Homo sapiens Geological time High pressure comminution Stratigraphy Homo erectus BT: Comminution RT: Geological monuments BT: Mammalia RT: Roll crushers Geological processes • Structural evolution Homo sapiens High pressure leaching UF: Geological history BT: Hominoidea Non-Preferred Historical geomorphology USE: Pressure leaching Homoclines Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Geomorphology High rank metamorphism USE: Monoclines BT: Metamorphic grade History Homogeneity BT: Social sciences High speed layer BT: Physical properties NT: Biographies Non-Preferred UF: Homogeneous media USE: High velocity layer Exploration history Obituaries Homogeneous media Science history High sulphur coal Non-Preferred BT: Coal RT: Industrial archaeology USE: Homogeneity RT: Desulphurization History of geology Hookes law Non-Preferred High sulphur oil SN: History and development of the subject of geology USE: Elastic theory BT: Crude oil BT: Geology Hopanes High tension separation Science history Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Hoist ropes USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons USE: Electrostatic separation BT: Mine hoisting RT: Wire ropes Hopenes High velocity layer BT: Alkanes BT: Seismic velocity RT: Low velocity layer Hoisting Non-Preferred Hoppers UF: High speed layer USE: Mine hoisting BT: Containers RT: Bins Highwall Hoists Chutes BT: Mining engineering BT: Equipment Coal storage RT: Coal mining Open cut mining RT: Drills Mine hoisting Horizontal drilling Winders BT: Directional drilling Highwall mining Wire ropes BT: Coal mining Horizontal wells Hole deviation BT: Wells Highway construction BT: Directional drilling RT: Directional drilling Non-Preferred RT: Hole straightening USE: Highway engineering UF: Deviation Hornblende BT: Amphiboles Highway engineering Hole straightening BT: Civil engineering BT: Drilling Hornblende gabbro RT: Railway engineering RT: Directional drilling BT: Gabbro UF: Highway construction Hole deviation UF: Hornblendite

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 99 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Hornblende pyroxenite Huebnerite Hydraulic drills BT: Pyroxenite Non-Preferred BT: Drills USE: Hubnerite Hydraulic drilling Hornblendite Percussion drills Non-Preferred Human ecology USE: Hornblende gabbro BT: Ecology Hydraulic filling BT: Mine filling Horner plots Human impact RT: Earth filling Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Paste filling USE: Pressure buildup analysis USE: Anthropogenic factor UF: Hydraulic stowing

Hornfels Humic acid Hydraulic fracturing BT: Metamorphic rocks BT: Soil analysis BT: Fracturing (formation) NT: Calc silicate hornfels RT: Fulvic acid RT: Nuclear fracturing UF: Beerbachite Organic material Buchite Hydraulic gradient Spotted hornfels Humidity BT: Hydrology BT: Earth atmosphere NT: Potentiometric surface Hornfels facies Meteorology RT: Hydraulic head BT: Metamorphic facies RT: Moisture Pressure gradient RT: Amphibolite facies River gradient UF: Knotted hornfels facies Huminite UF: Ground water gradient BT: Coal constituents Velocity gradient Horst BT: Fault blocks Humus Hydraulic head Geological structures BT: Soil structure BT: Hydrodynamics RT: Soils RT: Hydraulic gradient • Host minerals UF: Hydrostatic head BT: Minerals Hyalite RT: Ores BT: Opal Hydraulic hoisting BT: Mine hoisting Host rock Hybrid age Hydraulic jet drilling BT: Orebodies BT: Absolute age RT: Wall rock Non-Preferred USE: Jet cutting Hybrid computers Hot dry rock BT: Computers Hydraulic mining BT: Geothermal zones RT: Analogue computers BT: Mining Digital computers NT: Monitor (hydraulic) Hot ground RT: Placer mining BT: Geothermal zones Hybridization Surface mining RT: Geothermal heat flow BT: Magmatic differentiation Underground mining Hydraulic properties Hydration BT: Soil properties Hot spots BT: Chemical processes BT: Mantle plumes NT: Slaking Hydraulic props BT: Mine support Hot springs Hydration reaction BT: Hydrothermal water BT: Mineral genesis Springs Hydraulic stowing Non-Preferred NT: Geysers Hydraulic cements USE: Hydraulic filling RT: Fumarole Non-Preferred Mound springs USE: Cements Hydraulic transport Thermal brines Non-Preferred UF: Thermal springs Hydraulic conductivity USE: Hydraulic conveyors BT: Aquifer properties Hot strip mill Hydraulics BT: Steel making Hydraulic conveyors Non-Preferred BT: Conveyors USE: Hydrodynamics Hot wire gas analyser Slurry transportation Non-Preferred RT: Flumes Hydriodic acid USE: Gas analyzers Slurries BT: Inorganic acids UF: Hydraulic transport UF: Hydrogen iodide Hovercraft Launders BT: Vehicles Hydrobromic acid Hydraulic drilling BT: Inorganic acids Hubnerite BT: Drilling UF: Hydrogen bromide BT: Wolframite Percussion drilling UF: Huebnerite NT: Hydraulic drills Hydrocabon potential RT: Rock drilling Non-Preferred USE: Petroleum potential

100 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Hydrocarbon byproducts Fluid mechanics Hydrogen peroxide BT: Petroleum products Gas dynamics BT: Oxidizing agents NT: Waxes UF: Hydraulics Hydromechanics Hydrogen sulphide Hydrocarbon exploration Hydrostatics BT: Gases BT: Exploration RT: Sour crudes NT: Gas exploration Hydroelectric energy Sour gas Petroleum exploration BT: Renewable energy Hydrogenation Hydrocarbon geochemistry Hydroelectric generators BT: Chemical processes Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Coal liquefaction USE: Petroleum geochemistry USE: Hydroelectric power generation Hydrogeological maps Hydrocarbon processing BT: Maps BT: Recovery Hydroelectric plants NT: lsosalinity maps NT: Gas processing Non-Preferred RT: Water resource maps RT: Petroleum production USE: Hydroelectric power Water resources generation Hydrocarbon shows Hydrogeology BT: Petroleum occurrence Hydroelectric power generation BT: Hydrology NT: Gas cut water BT: Electrical power generation NT: Ground water Gas kicks NT: Penstocks RT: Aquifers Gas shows Water wheels Glaciation Oil shows RT: Pumped storage UF: Geohydrology Spillways Ground water geology Hydrocarbons Tidal power generation BT: Carbon compounds Water tunnels Hydrographic surveys NT: Aliphatic hydrocarbons UF: Hydroelectric generators BT: Surveys Aromatic hydrocarbons Hydroelectric plants NT: Tide gauges Biomarker hydrocarbons RT: Aerial surveys Naphthenoaromatic Hydrofluoric acid Geodetic surveys hydrocarbons BT: Inorganic acids Oceanographic surveys Refined hydrocarbons UF: Hydrogen fluoride RT: Alcohols Hydrologic cycle Natural gas Hydrofluorination BT: Hydrology Petroleum Non-Preferred RT: Evaporation USE: Fluoridation Evapotranspiration Hydrochemistry Precipitation (meteorology) Non-Preferred Hydrogen Runoff USE: Water chemistry BT: Elements Surface waters NT: Hydrogen isotopes UF: Hydrologic equation Hydrochloric acid Liquid hydrogen Water cycle BT: Inorganic acids RT: Energy UF: Hydrogen chloride Tritium Hydrologic equation Non-Preferred Hydrochlorinatlon Hydrogen bromide USE: Hydrologic cycle Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Chlorination USE: Hydrobromic acid Hydrological budget Non-Preferred Hydrocyanic acid Hydrogen chloride USE: Water budget Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Hydrogen cyanide USE: Hydrochloric acid Hydrological data BT: Data Hydrocyclone separation Hydrogen cyanide Hydrology BT: Cyclone separation BT: Cyanides NT: Hydrocyclones UF: Hydrocyanic acid Hydrology RT: Spiral separation BT: Earth sciences Hydrogen fluoride NT: Catchment Hydrocyclones Non-Preferred Density stratification BT: Cyclone separators USE: Hydrofluoric acid Floods Hydrocyclone separation Flow profile Hydrogen iodide RT: Spiral separators Hydraulic gradient Non-Preferred Hydrogeology Hydrodynamics USE: Hydriodic acid Hydrologic cycle BT: Fluid dynamics Hydrogen isotopes Hydrological data NT: Bernoullis theorum BT: Hydrogen Infiltration Hydraulic head NT: Deuterium Runoff Hydrostatic equilibrium Heavy water Watersheds Hydrostatic level Tritium RT: Drainage (geomorphology) RT: Fluid flow Earth hydrosphere

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 101 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Rainfall RT: Reservoir pressure Hygroscopic water River basins UF: Confining pressure BT: Water Streamflow Water pressure RT: Capillary water Stream gauging Pore water Water conservation Hydrostatics Soil water Water supply Non-Preferred UF: Adsorbed water USE: Hydrodynamics Bound water Hydrolysis Hygroscopic moisture BT: Chemical processes Hydrothermal alteration RT: pH control BT: Alteration (geology) Hypergene enrichment Hydrothermal Non-Preferred Hydromechanics metasomatism USE: Secondary enrichment Non-Preferred NT: Mass transfer USE: Hydrodynamics Hypergenesis Hydrothermaldeposns Non-Preferred Hydrometallurgy BT: Mineral deposits USE: Retrograde diagenesis BT: Extractive metallurgy NT: Epithermal deposits NT: Amalgamation Hypothermal deposits Hypersthene Carbon in leach process Mesothermal deposits BT: Pyroxene Carbon in pulp process RT: Coffinite Cementation process UF: Xenothermal deposits Hypersthene gabbro Cyanidation BT: Gabbro Dezincing Hydrothermal fluids RT: Norite Leaching BT: Geothermal zones Pyroxenite Liquid liquid separation NT: Hydrothermal water Percolation (hydrometallurgy) Submarine hydrothermal Hypersthenite Resin in pulp process vents Non-Preferred • Solvent extraction RT: Hydrothermal metasomatism USE: Pyroxenite RT: Bacterial leaching Chemical extraction Hydrothermal metamorphism Hypocentre Chlorination Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Dialysis USE: Hydrothermal metasomatism USE: Seismic epicentre Digestion Electrometallurgy Hydrothermal metasomatism Hypogene deposits Jon exchange BT: Metasomatism BT: Mineral deposits Organic solvents NT: Epidotization Hydrothermal alteration Hypothermal deposits Hydromulching Kaolinization BT: Hydrothermal deposits BT: Revegetation Propylitization RT: Hydrothermal fluids Hypsometer Hydromuscovite UF: Hydrothermal metamorphism BT: Altimeters BT: Clay minerals Hypsometry Hydrothermal plumes UF: Thermobarometer Hydrophilic properties Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Submarine hydrothermal Hypsometry USE: Wettability vents BT: Earth sciences NT: Hypsometer Hydrophobic properties Hydrothermal water Non-Preferred BT: Hydrothermal fluids Hysteresis USE: Wettability NT: Hotsprings BT: Elasticity RT: Magmatic water Magnetic properties Hydrosphere UF: Geothermal water Non-Preferred USE: Earth hydrosphere Hydrozincite I Non-Preferred Hydrostatic equilibrium USE: Calamine I type granite BT: Hydrodynamics BT: Granite Hydrozoa Hydrostatic head BT: Coelenterata Ice Non-Preferred RT: Ediacaran fauna BT: Water USE: Hydraulic head UF: Stromatoporidae NT: Land ice Sea ice Hydrostatic level Hygrometers Sheet ice BT: Hydrodynamics Non-Preferred RT: Snow UF: Static level USE: Moisture meters Ice action Hydrostatic pressure Hygroscopic moisture Non-Preferred BT: Pressure Non-Preferred USE: Glacial action NT: Artesian pressure USE: Hygroscopic water Water pressure test

102 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Ice age Plutons Ilmenite sands Non-Preferred Ring complex BT: Ilmenite USE: Glacial period Ring dykes Mineral sands Sills Ice cap Stocks Image analysis Non-Preferred RT: Emplacement mechanism BT: Microscopy USE: Land ice Intrusive rocks RT: Image processing Magma UF: Automatic image analysis Ice floes Non-Preferred Igneous petrology Image interpretation USE: Sea ice BT: Petrology BT: Imagery NT: CIPW classification NT: Tomography Ice rafting Igneous rocks RT: Data processing BT: Rafting Magmatism Digital processing Variation diagrams Image processing Ice sheet Photogeology Non-Preferred Igneous rock textures Photointerpretation USE: Land ice Non-Preferred USE: Rock textures Image processing Icebergs BT: Digital processing Non-Preferred Igneous rocks RT: Image analysis USE: Sea ice BT: Igneous petrology Image interpretation NT: Acid igneous rocks Iceland spar Alkali igneous rocks Imagery Non-Preferred Apatite BT: Remote sensing USE: Calcite Basic igneous rocks NT: Image interpretation Calc alkaline rocks Multispectral imagery Ichnofossils Carbonatite Photography Non-Preferred Crystalline rocks Radar imagery USE: Trace fossils Igneous inclusions Satellite imagery Igneous intrusions Stereoscopy Ichthyoliths Intermediate igneous rocks Thermal infrared imagery BT: Micropalaeontology Intrusive rocks RT: Spacecraft sensing Plutonic rocks ICP spectroscopy Porphyries Immersion liquid BT: Spectroscopy Quartzolite Non-Preferred UF: Inductively coupled plasma Silicate rocks USE: Refractive index liquid spectro Ultrabasic rocks Volcanic rocks Impact craters lddingsite RT: CIPW classification Non-Preferred BT: Olivine Lavas USE: Impact structures Variation diagrams ldiomorph texture Xenolith Impact crushers Non-Preferred UF: Primary rocks BT: Crushers USE: Rock textures RT: Cone crushers Ignimbrite Gyratory crushers .ldocrase BT: Pyroclastic rocks Jaw crushers Non-Preferred RT: Ashflows Stamp batteries USE: Vesuvianite Crystal tuff Volcanic tuff Impact ejecta Igneous breccia BT: Ejecta BT: Breccia Illite RT: Impact structures BT: Clay minerals Igneous inclusions RT: Glauconite Impact metamorphism BT: Igneous rocks Hafloysite BT: Metamorphism NT: Lopoliths Kaolinite RT: lmpactite RT: Xenolith Montmorillonite UF: Enclaves Impact strength Ilmenite BT: Materials tests Igneous intrusions BT: Magnetic minerals RT: Hardness BT: Igneous rocks Oxide minerals Magmatic deposits Titanium minerals Impact structures NT: Batholiths NT: Ilmenite sands BT: Geomorphology Boss Picroilmenite NT: Shatter cone Composite intrusions Pseudorutile RT: Extraterrestrial geology Dykes RT: Heavyweight aggregates Impact ejecta Laccoliths Leucoxene Meteorite craters Layered intrusions Titanium Tektites Lopoliths Titanomagnetite UF: Impact craters Pipes

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 103 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Impact tests In situ gasification Index fossils BT: Physical tests Non-Preferred BT: Fossils RT: Hardness tests USE: Underground gasification UF: Key fossil lmpactite In situ leaching Index maps BT: Metamorphic rocks Non-Preferred BT: Maps NT: Darwin glass USE: Solution mining RT: Impact metamorphism Index of refraction In situ recovery Non-Preferred Impedance exploration BT: Mining USE: Refractive index Non-Preferred NT: Solution mining USE: Impedance surveys Underground gasification Indexes (documentation) BT: Indexing Impedance methods Incentives RT: Bibliographies BT: Electrical survey methods BT: Economics Directories Impedance surveys RT: Government policy Management Indexing Impedance survey equipment Mineral economics BT: Documentation BT: Electrical survey equipment Mineral policy NT: Indexes (documentation) Impedance surveys Productivity Thesauri Subsidies Impedance surveys Indicated mineral resources BT: Electrical surveys Incineration BT: Mineral resources NT: Impedance methods BT: Waste disposal RT: Pyrolysis Indicated ore reserves Impedance survey equipment Non-Preferred UF: Impedance exploration Incised meander USE: Probable ore reserves Non-Preferred Impellers USE: Entrenched meander Indicator beds BT: Centrifuges BT: Geochemical dispersions Incised valleys RT: Sedimentary ores Imperial smelting furnace BT: Valleys Non-Preferred RT: Drowned valleys Indicator elements USE: Imperial smelting process BT: Geochemical exploration Inclined drilling UF: Pathfinder elements Imperial smelting process Non-Preferred BT: Smelting USE: Directional drilling Indicator minerals UF: Imperial smelting furnace BT: Minerals Inclined extinction RT: Chrome diopside Impervious soils Non-Preferred Chrome spinel BT: Soils USE: Extinction angle Diamond exploration Mineral exploration Imports Inclined folds Picroilmenite BT: Industry statistics BT: Folds RT: Economics UF: Asymmetric folds Indicator organisms Mineral statistics Non-Preferred Inclined shafts USE: Indicator plants In place leaching BT: Mine shafts Non-Preferred Indicator plants USE: Solution mining Inclusion trails BT: Geobotanical exploration BT: Crystal structure RT: Biogeochemical exploration In seam drilling UF: Indicator organisms BT: Drilling Inclusions Indicator species RT: Coal exploration BT: Mineralogy Plant indicator RT: Crystal structure In seam seismic methods Gemstones Indicator species BT: In seam seismic surveys Non-Preferred Seismic survey methods Incompetent rock USE: Indicator plants RT: Radio imaging BT: Structural geology RT: Competent rock Indicators (chemical analysis) In seam seismic surveys Non-Preferred BT: Seismic surveys Incrustations USE: Chemical indicators NT: In seam seismic methods Non-Preferred RT: Coal mining USE: Encrustations Indigenous people Seismic monitoring NT: Aboriginals Indentation hardness tests In situ combustion Non-Preferred Indirect costs Non-Preferred USE: Hardness tests BT: Costs USE: Underground gasifiCation

104 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Indium Industrial diamonds Dolomite (rock) BT: Non ferrous metals BT: Diamonds Glass NT: Indium isotopes RT: Industrial gems Industrial minerals RT: Zinc minerals UF: Bort Limestone Moulding materials Indium isotopes Industrial diseases Nepheline syenite BT: Indium Non-Preferred Ornamental stone USE: Industrial health Pigments Induced magnetism Refractory materials BT: Magnetic field intensity Industrial engineering Shell grit RT: Remanent magnetism BT: Engineering Slate UF: Induced magnetization NT: Ergonomics Stone Noise reduction Induced magnetization Work study Industrial medicine Non-Preferred RT: Production engineering Non-Preferred USE: Induced magnetism Production management USE: Industrial health UF: Management engineering Industrial mineral reserves Induced polarization survey Production methods BT: Industrial mineral resources equipment Ore reserves Non-Preferred Industrial gases USE: IP survey equipment BT: Gases Industrial mineral resources BT: Industrial minerals Induced polarization surveys Industrial gems Mineral resources Non-Preferred BT: Gemstones NT: Industrial mineral reserves USE: IP surveys RT: Agate Diamonds Industrial minerals Induced radioactivity Gamet BT: Industrial materials Non-Preferred Industrial diamonds Minerals USE: Irradiation Ruby NT: Andalusite Sapphire Anhydrite Induced seismicity Spinel Asbestos BT: Seismicity Synthetic gems Ball clay RT: Dam site investigations Topaz Barite Earthquake engineering Zircon Beryl Borates Induction furnaces Industrial health Chromite BT: Furnaces BT: Public health Clay minerals RT: Metallurgical furnaces NT: Carcinogens Cryolite Health physics Damourite Induction logging Lead poisoning Diatomaceous earth BT: Electrical well logging Radiation hazards Dolomite (mineral) NT: Induction logs Radiobiology Feldspars Respiratory diseases Fillers Induction logs RT: Industrial safety Flint BT: Electrical well logs Noise reduction Fluorite Induction logging Pollution Fullers earth UF: Industrial diseases Graphite Inductively coupled plasma Industrial medicine Gypsum spectro Occupational diseases Halite Non-Preferred Industrial mineral resources USE: ICP spectroscopy Industrial land use Kyanite Non-Preferred Magnesite Induration USE: Land use planning Mica BT: Diagenesis Mineral fibres Industrial management Perlite Industrial acids Non-Preferred Pigment minerals BT: Acids USE: Industrial relations Pozzolan RT: Inorganic acids Pumice Industrial material statistics Pyrophyllite Industrial archaeology BT: Mineral statistics Quartz BT: Archaeology NT: Salt production Salt NT: Mine relics RT: Exports Talc RT: History Statistics Wollastonite Zircon Industrial democracy Industrial materials RT: Abrasives BT: Industrial relations BT: Materials Bentonite RT: Management NT: Aggregates Kaolin UF: Worker participation Binders (materials) Non metalliferous minerals Carbon black Vermiculite Construction materials UF: Industrial nonmetallics

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 105 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Industrial nonmetallics Industry statistics Information systems Non-Preferred BT: Statistics Information theory USE: Industrial minerals NT: Coal statistics RT: Manual information systems Consumption Industrial relations Exports Information systems BT: Management Imports BT: Information storage and NT: Arbitration Mineral statistics retrieval Compensation Petroleum statistics NT: Four dimensional Industrial democracy Prices information systems Trade unions Production GIS RT: Industrial training Information dissemination Personnel management Inert gases Manual information systems Public relations Non-Preferred UF: Industrial management USE: Rare gases Information technology Labour relations NT: Artificial intelligence Inertinite Computers Industrial safety BT: Coal constituents Internet BT: Safety Neural networks RT: Hazardous materials Inferred mineral resources Industrial health BT: Mineral resources Information theory Nuclear regulation UF: Inferred ore BT: Information storage and Safe handling Inferred ore reserves retrieval Safety engineering Possible ore RT: Operations research Possible ore reserves Probability theory Industrial sand mining Statistics BT: Mining Inferred ore NT: Sand pits Non-Preferred Infrared absorption spectroscopy Sand washing USE: Inferred mineral resources Non-Preferred UF: Sand mining USE: Infrared spectroscopy Inferred ore reserves Industrial training Non-Preferred Infrared aerial photography BT: Education USE: Inferred mineral resources BT: Aerial photography RT: Industrial relations Infiltration Infrared analysis Industrial waste heaps BT: Hydrology BT: Instrumental chemical BT: Industrial wastes RT: Diffusion analysis UF: Dumps Seepage RT: Gas analysis Waste heaps Gas chromatography Inflation Industrial waste treatment BT: Economics Infrared filters Non-Preferred BT: Photographic equipment · USE: Waste treatment Information centres BT: Information management Infrared mapping Industrial wastes RT: Archives BT: Mapping BT: Wastes Ubraries Thermal infrared scanning NT: Effluents RT: Infrared photography Industrial waste heaps Information disclosure Liquid wastes BT: Due diligence Infrared photography Metal scrap BT: Photography Waste gases Information dissemination RT: Infrared mapping Waste oil BT: Information systems RT: Airborne wastes RT: Internet Infrared radiation Pollution BT: Radiation Radioactive wastes Information management RT: Infrared spectroscopy Recycling NT: Archives Solar radiation River pollution Catalogues Tailings Earth sciences information Infrared spectra Urban wastes Information centres Non-Preferred Waste disposal Information storage and USE: Infrared spectroscopy Waste water retrieval Water pollution Knowledge management Infrared spectrometers Libraries Non-Preferred Industry Records management USE: Infrared spectroscopy NT: Ceramics industry Chemical industry Information storage and retrieval Infrared spectrophotometers Petroleum industry BT: Information management Non-Preferred Primary industry NT: Data management USE: Infrared spectroscopy Secondary industry Documentation Steel industry

106 BT-Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Infrared spectroscopy Injection metamorphism Inspissation BT: Molecular spectroscopy Non-Preferred BT: Petroleum migration NT: FTIR spectroscopy USE: Metamorphism RT: Infrared radiation lnstream analysis UF: Infrared absorption Injection patterns BT: Instrumental chemical spectroscopy BT: Reservoir stimulation analysis Infrared spectra RT: Injection wells RT: Control systems Infrared spectrometers Water flooding Onstream analysis Infrared spectrophotometers Injection wells Instrumental chemical analysis Infrared thermal scanning BT: Reservoir stimulation BT: Chemical analysis Non-Preferred Wells NT: Bulk mineral analyzers USE: Thermal infrared scanning RT: Injection patterns Electrophotometry Producing wells Infrared analysis Infrared thermography Recharge wells lnstream analysis Non-Prefe"ed Water flooding Jon beam analysis USE: Thermal infrared scanning Onstream analysis Inland sea Polarography Infrastructure BT: Earth hydrosphere Radioactivation analysis NT: Bridges RT: Continental shelf Spectroscopy Electrical utilities UF: Epeiric sea Thermal analysis Gas utilities Epicontinental sea RT: Analytical chemistry Laboratories Chromatography Libraries lnliers Electron microprobes Lighting BT: Geological structures Electron microscopy Museums RT: Outliers Roads UF: Fenster Instrumentation RT: Architecture NT: Metering Community development In line pressure jig RT: Calibration Commuter mining BT: Mineral processing Instruments • Management equipment Mine planning Instruments Mining towns Innovation BT: Equipment Public health BT: Management NT: Accelerometers RT: Design Altimeters Infusorial earth Calibration Non-Preferred Inorganic acids Dipmeter USE: Diatomaceous earth BT: Acids Dosimeters NT: Hydriodic acid Electron microprobes Inherent moisture Hydrobromic acid Field instruments BT: Moisture Hydrochloric acid Fluviograph RT: Free moisture Hydrofluoric acid Frequency meters Nitric acid Galvanometers Inhibitors Sulphuric acid Gravimeters BT: Reagents RT: Industrial acids Meteorological instruments NT: Corrosion inhibitors pH meters Retardants Inorganic chemistry Pycnometers Suppressors BT: Chemistry Radiation measuring RT: Coatings RT: Fullerenes instruments Corrosion prevention Surveying instruments Reducing agents Input surveys Vacuum gauges Non-Preferred RT: Instrumentation Inhomogeneous media USE: Aerial EM surveys Non-Preferred Insulation USE: Heterogeneity Insecta BT: Materials BT: Hexapod a RT: Heat resistant materials Initial dip NT: Lepidoptera Non-Preferred Insurance USE: Depositional dip lnsectivora BT: Risk management BT: Eutheria RT: Legal liability Initial reservoir pressure Management Non-Preferred lnselbergs USE: Reservoir pressure BT: Geomorphology Intake area RT: Monadnocks Non-Preferred Injection breccia UF: Bornhardts USE: Recharge area BT: Breccia Insolvency Intake basins Injection gneiss BT: Accounting Non-Preferred BT: Gneiss USE: Ground water intake beds

USE- directs the user to the prefe"ed term 107 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Integrated data processing Geological maps Coelenterata Non-Preferred Geophysical interpretation Col eo idea USE: Data processing Geophysical maps Conchostraca Photogeological maps Echinodermata Intellectual property Hemichordata BT: Management Interstices Mollusca NT: Patents Non-Preferred Porifera RT: Copyright USE: Voids Vermes RT: Micropalaeontology Interference colours Interstitial water BT: Optical microscopy Non-Preferred Investment RT: Microscopy USE: Pore water BT: Financing NT: Foreign investment Interference figure Intertidal zone Investors BT: Crystallography Non-Preferred Superannuation RT: Microscopy USE: Littoral zone RT: Capital Optical mineralogy Stocks and shares Intracratonic basins lnterformational conglomerate Non-Preferred Investors BT: Conglomerate USE: Cratonic basins BT: Investment RT: Stocks and shares Interglacial stage Intraformational breccia UF: Shareholders Non-Preferred BT: Breccia USE: Glacial period Iodides Intraformational conglomerate BT: Halides Interior drainage BT: Conglomerate NT: Potassium iodide BT: Drainage (geomorphology) Iodine Intraplate earthquakes BT: Halogens Intermediate focus earthquakes BT: Earthquakes NT: Iodine cycle BT: Earthquakes Iodine isotopes Intrusion breccia • Intermediate igneous rocks BT: Breccia Iodine cycle BT: Igneous rocks RT: Diatremes BT: ·Iodine NT: Andesite Diorite Intrusive rocks Iodine isotopes Latite BT: Igneous rocks BT: Iodine Monzonite NT: Tasmanite Radioactive isotopes Nephelinite RT: Igneous intrusions Phonolite lon beam analysis Syenite Intrusive sedimentary structures BT: Instrumental chemical Trachyte BT: Sedimentary structures analysis NT: Sandstone dykes Intermittent stream RT: Diapirs lon exchange Non-Preferred UF: Clastic dyke BT: Solvent extraction USE: Ephemeral streams Pebble dykes NT: lon exchangers Sand dykes Zeolite process International agreements Sandstone sills RT: Demineralization BT: Contractual arrangements Sedimentary dykes Hydrometallurgy RT: Offshore operations Water treatment lnvar UF: Anion exchange International map of the world BT: Alloy steels Base exchange BT: Maps Cation exchanging Inventory control Deionization Internet BT: Supply management Elution BT: Information technology RT: Accounting Exchange capacity RT: Information dissemination Neural networks Invertebrata lon exchange resins UF: World Wide Web BT: Fauna BT: Resins NT: Arthropoda RT: Zeolite minerals lnterplate earthquakes Cephalopoda BT: Earthquakes Coelenterata lon exchangers Mollusca BT: lon exchange Interpretation RT: Vertebrata RT: Clarifiers BT: Exploration NT: Geological interpretation Invertebrate palaeontology lon flotation Reinterpretation BT: Palaeontology BT: Flotation NT: Archaeocyatha Interpretative maps Arthropoda Ionium deficiency dating BT: Maps Brachiopoda Non-Preferred RT: Geochemical interpretation Bryozoa USE: Ionium thorium dating

108 BT=Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF Use for Alphabetical Listing

Ionium excess dating IP surveys Stilpnomelane Non-Preferred BT: Electrical surveys Wustite USE: Ionium thorium dating NT: Electrical IP surveys IP maps Iron mines Ionium thorium dating IP methods BT: Iron BT: Radiometric dating IP survey equipment Mines UF: Ionium deficiency dating Magnetic IP surveys Ionium excess dating RT: Resistivity surveys Iron ores Uranium 234 age method UF: Induced polarization surveys BT: Iron Uranium 234 dating RRMIP surveys Iron minerals Uranium isotope dating NT: Bessemer ore Uranium series age method Iridium Goethite Uranium series dating BT: Platinum group elements Hematite NT: Iridium isotopes Jaspilite Ionization lridosmine Limonite BT: Chemical processes RT: Precious metals Magnetite NT: Ions Pyrite Plasmas (physics) Iridium isotopes Pyrrhotite UF: Gas ionization BT: Iridium Siderite Ionization coefficients Taconite lridosmine RT: Fines Ionization coefficients BT: Iridium Iron deposits Non-Preferred Osmium USE: Ionization Iron oxides Iron BT: Iron Ionization counters BT: Metals NT: Ferrites Non-Preferred NT: Cast iron USE: Radiation counters Iron alloys Iron powder Iron deposits BT: Reduction (chemistry) Ionizing radiation Iron minerals RT: Direct reduction Non-Preferred Iron mines USE: Radiation Iron ores Iron production Iron oxides BT: Iron Ionosphere Iron production Mineral statistics BT: Earth atmosphere Iron resources Iron smelting Iron reserves Ions Pig iron BT: Iron resources BT: Ionization Sponge iron Ore reserves NT: Anions Cations Iron alloys Iron resources BT: Alloys BT: Iron IP anomalies Iron Mineral resources BT: Geophysical anomalies NT: Ferrochrome NT: Iron reserves Ferromanganese IP interpretation Ferrosilicon Iron silicates BT: Electrical survey Ferrotungsten BT: Iron minerals interpretation Steel Iron smelting IP maps Iron carbide BT: Iron BT: Geophysical maps BT: Carbides Smelting IP surveys Iron converters Iron sulphides IP methods Non-Preferred BT: Iron minerals BT: Electrical survey methods USE: Steel converters Sulphide minerals IP surveys NT: Pyrite UF: Electrical IP survey Iron deposits Pyrrhotite methods BT: Iron Troilite Magnetic IP methods Metalliferous deposits RT: Iron ores Ironstone IP profiles Ironstone BT: Sedimentary rocks BT: Geophysical profiles NT: Banded iron formation Iron meteorites RT: Iron deposits IP survey equipment BT: Meteorites BT: Electrical survey equipment Irradiation IP surveys Iron minerals BT: Radiation UF: Induced polarization BT: Iron NT: Alpha irradiation survey equipment Metalliferous minerals Fluorescence NT: Iron ores Gamma irradiation Iron silicates Luminescence Iron sulphides Neutron irradiation

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 109 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

X ray irradiation Structure contour maps Uranium enrichment RT: Radioactive decay Subsurface maps UF: Isotope fractionation UF: Bombardment (irradiation) UF: Thickness map Thermal diffusion separation Induced radioactivity Radiation exposure lsopotential level Isotopes Non-Preferred BT: Elements Irrigation USE: Potentiometric surface NT: Isotopic fractionation BT: Water management Stable isotopes RT: Drainage (dewatering) Isoprenoid alkanes RT: Radioactive isotopes Land reclamation Non-Preferred USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Isotopic age determination I sa smelt Non-Preferred BT: Sirosmelt lsosalinity maps USE: Radiometric dating RT: Copper smelting BT: Hydrogeological maps Lead smelting Salinity Isotopic fractionation RT: Ground water quality BT: Isotopes Island arcs BT: Plate tectonics lsoseismal lines Isotopic number NT: Back arc basins BT: Seismicity BT: Radiochemistry Fore arc basins RT: Circum pacific belt Isostasy Isotropic minerals Sea floor spreading BT: Solid earth geophysics BT: Minerals Volcanic zones RT: Earth pressure UF: Volcanic arcs Eustacy Isotropy Geomorphology BT: Physical properties Islands Geophysics RT: Anisotropy BT: Landforms Glaciation Gravity ltabirite lsobutane Sea level Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Secular movements USE: Taconite USE: Butanes Seismology UF: Isostatic anomalies lsochore maps Isostatic change BT: Stratigraphic maps J RT: Isopach maps Isostatic anomalies Reservoir data Non-Preferred Jackhammers UF: Convergence map USE: Isostasy Non-Preferred USE: Percussion drills lsochron Isostatic change BT: Age determination methods Non-Preferred Jacks RT: Seismic isochron USE: Isostasy BT: Equipment lsochron maps Isostatic correction Jacob site BT: Geological maps BT: Gravity corrections BT: Spinel Structure contour maps UF: Jakobsite RT: Seismic isochron Isotope age Non-Preferred Jacupirangite Isochronal tests USE: Radiometric dating BT: Plutonic rocks BT: Well tests RT: Well deliverability Isotope fractionation Jade Non-Preferred BT: Gemstones Isoclines USE: Isotope separation NT: Jadeite BT: Dip Nephrite Isotope geochemistry RT: Ornamental stone Isometric projection BT: Geochemistry BT: Cartography UF: Isotope geology Jadeite Nuclear geology BT: Jade Isometric system Pyroxene BT: Crystal systems Isotope geology RT: Gemstones UF: Cubic system Non-Preferred Ornamental stone USE: Isotope geochemistry Isomorphism Jakobsite BT: Crystal structure Isotope ratio Non-Preferred RT: Crystallization BT: Geochronology USE: Jacobsite RT: Radioactive decay Isopach maps Jamesonite BT: Stratigraphic maps Isotope separation BT: Lead minerals NT: Basement depth maps BT: Radiochemistry RT: lsochore maps RT: Radioactive isotopes Jarosite Seismic maps Radioactive materials BT: Alunite

110 BT-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT:..Retated term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Jarosite process Joint spacing Kaolinite BT: Extractive metallurgy Non-Preferred BT: Kaolin USE: Jointing NT: Septechlorite Jasper RT: Ball clay BT: Silica minerals Joint system Dickite RT: Chert Non-Preferred Halloysite Silicification USE: Jointing Illite UF: Jasperoid Montmorillonite Joint ventures Jasper opal BT: Mining agreements Kaolinization BT: Opal Petroleum agreements BT: Hydrothermal RT: Contractual arrangements metasomatism Jasperization Farm in RT: Diagenesis BT: Metasomatism Farm out RT: Diagenesis Management Karlsbad twin law Mining leases Non-Preferred Jasperoid Petroleum leases USE: Twinning Non-Preferred USE: Jasper Jointing Karst BT: Rock structures BT: Landforms Jaspilite NT: Columnar jointing Topography BT: Iron ores RT: Cleat RT: Caves RT: Banded iron formation UF: Joint Sinkholes Taconite Joint plane UF: Karst topography Joint spacing Jaw crushers Joint system Karst topography BT: Crushers Non-Preferred RT: Gyratory crushers Journals USE: Karst Impact crushers Non-Preferred Roll crushers USE: Serials Kelly BT: Drilling equipment Jet cutting Jumbos RT: Drill stems BT: Drilling BT: Rock drilling UF: Abrasive jet drilling RT: Tunnelling machines Keratophyre Hydraulic jet drilling UF: Drilling platforms (mining) BT: Acid igneous rocks Jet drilling Volcanic rocks Jetting Jupiter RT: Basalt Water jet cutting BT: Planets UF: Melaphyre Soda rhyolite Jet drilling Jurassic Non-Preferred BT: Mesozoic Kerogen USE: Jet cutting BT: Carbonaceous sediments RT: Oil shale Jetting K Non-Preferred Kerosene USE: Jet cutting BT: Refined hydrocarbons KAr dating Non-Preferred Jigging Kerosene shale USE: Potassium argon dating BT: Gravity separation Non-Preferred NT: Jigs (concentrators) Kames USE: Torbanite RT: Tabling Non-Preferred USE: Moraines Kettles Jigs (concentrators) BT: Pyrometallurgical equipment BT: Gravity separators Kankar Jigging Non-Preferred Key fossil RT: Sizing screens USE: Kunkar Non-Preferred Tables (concentrators) USE: Index fossils Kaolin Joides BT: Clay minerals Keywords BT: Deep sea drilling NT: Kaolinite Non-Preferred RT: Ball clay USE: Descriptors Joint Industrial minerals Non-Preferred Paper clay Kidney stone USE: Jointing Pottery clay Non-Preferred UF: China clay USE: Nephrite Joint plane China stone Non-Preferred Kieselguhr USE: Jointing Kaolinised sandstone Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Diatomaceous earth USE: Sandstone

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 111 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Killed wells Krypton Laboratory tests BT: Wells BT: Rare gases BT: Tests RT: Mudding off NT: Krypton isotopes NT: Microscopy Producing wells Tree flotation Shut in wells Krypton isotopes RT: Contamination BT: Krypton UF: Laboratory analysis Kilns Radioactive isotopes Laboratory methods Non-Preferred Laboratory studies USE: Furnaces Kunkar BT: Calcareous crust Labour relations Kimberlite RT: Calcrete Non-Preferred BT: Ultrabasic rocks Silcrete USE: Industrial relations NT: Kimberlite pipes UF: Kankar RT: Carbonatite Labour unions Diamonds Kupfernickel Non-Preferred Lamproite Non-Preferred USE: Trade unions Peridotite USE: Niccolite Potassic igneous rocks Labradorite UF: Blue ground Kupferschiefer type deposit BT: Plagioclase Para kimberlite BT: Stratiform deposits Yellow ground Labyrinthodontia Kuroko deposits BT: Amphibia Kimberlite pipes BT: Volcanogenic deposits BT: Kimberlite RT: Ore genesis Laccoliths Pipes BT: Igneous intrusions Kyanite Kinetic energy BT: Aluminium minerals Lacustrine environment BT: Energy Aluminium silicates BT: Non marine environment RT: Potential energy Industrial minerals UF: Lagoonal environment RT: Andalusite Kinetics Lacustrine sediments Refractory materials BT: Physical chemistry BT: Freshwater sediments Silicate refractories RT: Thermodynamics RT: Fluvial sediments Sillimanite UF: Lake deposits UF: Cyanite Klippe Lake sediments Non-Preferred Swamp sediments Kyanite schist USE: Outliers BT: Schist Lacustrine soils Knotted hornfels facies BT: Soils Non-Preferred RT: Cohesive soils USE: Hornfels facies L Lag deposits Knotted schist Laboratories BT: Wind erosion BT: Schist BT: Infrastructure UF: Lag gravel NT: Chemical laboratories Knotted slate Laboratory equipment Lag gravel Non-Preferred Metallurgical laboratories Non-Preferred USE: Slate Mobile laboratories USE: Lag deposits RT: Research and development Knowledge management UF: Research laboratories Lag sampling BT: Information management Testing laboratories BT: Geochemical sampling Management UF: Deflation lag sampling NT: Data mining Laboratory analysis Data warehousing Non-Preferred Lag sediments RT: Records management USE: Laboratory tests BT: Residual sediments

Koepe hoist Laboratory equipment Lagoonal environment Non-Preferred BT: Laboratories Non-Preferred USE: Mine hoisting NT: Fume cupboards USE: Lacustrine environment

Komatiite Laboratory methods Lagoons BT: Ultrabasic rocks Non-Preferred BT: Landforms RT: Peridotite USE: Laboratory tests RT: Coastal features

Konimeter Laboratory studies Lake deposits BT: Dust control Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Laboratory tests USE: Lacustrine sediments Kriging BT: Geostatistics Lake sediment sampling RT: Bootstrap method BT: Sampling Ore reserve estimation RT: Bottom sampling

112 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Lake sediments Land ice Landforms Non-Preferred BT: Glaciation BT: Geomorphology USE: Lacustrine sediments Ice NT: Coastal capes RT: Bergschrund Coasts Lakes Glaciers Continents BT: Landforms UF: Ice cap Craters Limnology Ice sheet Cuestas Surface waters Deltas NT: Billabongs Land reclamation Dunes Claypan BT: Reclamation Escarpments Crater lakes NT: Land filling Estuaries Fluvial lakes Mine rehabilitation Geological monuments Glacial lakes Quarry rehabilitation Glacial features Oxbow lake RT: Arable land Islands Playa lakes Drainage (dewatering) Karst Salt lakes Irrigation Lagoons Waterholes Land use planning Lakes RT: Basins Open cut mining Land bridge Freshwater Revegetation Moraines River features Soil conservation Pediments Wetlands Peneplains Land rights Piedmont Lamellibranchia BT: Government policy Plateaus Non-Preferred NT: Aboriginal land rights Playa lakes USE: Bivalvia Land access Reefs RT: Legislation Rift valleys Lamination Water rights Sinkholes BT: Rock structures Slope development Land subsidence Solution channel Lamproite BT: Subsidence Volcanoes BT: Syenite RT: River features RT: Kimberlite Land surveys UF: Physical features Potassic igneous rocks Non-Preferred USE: Surveying Landsat Lamprophyre BT: Spacecraft sensing BT: Basic igneous rocks Land use NT: Thematic mapper surveys RT: Diorite Non-Preferred UF: ERTS Melilite basalt USE: Land use planning Potassic igneous rocks Landsat imagery UF: Alnoite Land use planning Non-Preferred Camptonite BT: Planning USE: Satellite imagery Minette NT: Multiple land use Landscaping Monchiquite Reclamation Non-Preferred Vogesite Resource sterilization USE: Rehabilitation Urbanization Land access RT: Aboriginal land rights Landslide breccia BT: Land rights Coastal management Non-Preferred RT: Land use planning Community development USE: Breccia Mineral rights Conservation Land access Landslides Land bridge Land reclamation BT: Natural hazards BT: Landforms National parks NT: Avalanches RT: Palaeogeography Remote areas Soil creep Sea level Soil conservation RT: Colluvium Terrain classification Earthquakes Land development UF: Industrial land use Rock mechanics Non-Preferred Land development Scree USE: Land use planning Land use Slope stability Land use zoning Soil erosion Land erosion Land utilization Soil mechanics Non-Preferred Urban land use UF: Mudflows USE: Soil erosion Zoning Slips (land)

Land filling Land use zoning Lanthanide series metals BT: Filling Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Land reclamation USE: Land use planning USE: Rare earth elements RT: Waste burial Waste disposal Land utilization Lanthanons Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Land use planning USE: Rare earth elements

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 113 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Lanthanum Laterites Laurasia BT: Rare earth elements BT: Soil horizons BT: Palaeogeography NT: Lanthanum isotopes RT: Residual soils RT: Gondwana Soil profiles Pangaea Lanthanum isotopes Rodinia BT: Lanthanum Lateritic gold deposits Supercontinent BT: Gold deposits Tethys Lapidary Vaalbara Non-Preferred Lateritic gold ores USE: Gemmology BT: Gold ores Laurvikite Non-Preferred Lapilli Lateritic nickel USE: Alkali syenite BT: Pyroclastic rocks Non-Preferred USE: Lateritic nickel ores Lava flows Lapis lazuli BT: Lavas BT: Gemstones Lateritic nickel deposits BT: Nickel deposits Lava lake Large diameter drilling RT: Residual deposits Non-Preferred BT: Drilling Sherritt process USE: Volcanoes UF: Calweld drilling UF: Nickeliferous ochre Lavas Larvikite Lateritic nickel ores BT: Volcanic rocks Non-Preferred BT: Nickel ores Volcanoes USE: Alkali syenite RT: Gamierite NT: Lava flows UF: Lateritic nickel Pillow lavas Laser applications RT: Igneous rocks BT: Lasers Lateritic soil Volcanology BT: Soils Laser surveys Law of the sea BT: Surveys Lateritization BT: Legislation BT: Chemical weathering RT: Territorial waters Lasers RT: Diagenesis BT: Light UF: Laterization Lawrencium Physics BT: Actinide series NT: Laser applications Laterization Non-Preferred Lawrencium isotopes Latent heat USE: Lateritization BT: Radioactive isotopes BT: Heat Latite Layered intrusions Lateral accretion BT: Intermediate igneous rocks BT: Igneous intrusions Non-Preferred Volcanic rocks USE: River erosion RT: Andesine Layered reservoirs Andesine basalt BT: Reservoir characteristics Lateral erosion Andesite UF: Multilayer reservoirs Non-Preferred Basalt Stratified reservoirs USE: River erosion Basic igneous rocks UF: Latite porphyry Lazurite Lateral fault Nepheline latite Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Quartz latite USE: Sodalite USE: Strike faults Trachyandesite Trachybasalt Leached outcrop Lateral logging Trachydolerite Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Gossans USE: Resistivity logging Latite porphyry Non-Preferred Leaching Lateral logs USE: Latite BT: Hydrometallurgy Non-Preferred NT: Acid leaching USE: Resistivity logs Latitude Alkali leaching BT: Geography Bacterial leaching Lateral moraines Surveying Column leaching BT: Moraines NT: Palaeolatitude Heap leaching RT: Longitudinal moraines RT: Longitude Pressure leaching Vat leaching Lateral secretion Latitude correction RT: Agitation BT: Ore genesis BT: Gravity corrections Chemical extraction Elutriation Lateral shift Launders Solution mining BT: Gravity anomalies Non-Preferred Solvent extraction Magnetic anomalies USE: Hydraulic conveyors

114 BT'-Broader term; NT:-Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Leaching (geology) Plumbogummite Leaky confined bed BT: Geochemical processes Plumbojarosite Non-Preferred NT: Soil leaching Pyromorphite USE: Leaky aquifers RT: Weathering Stolzite Wulfenite Lease maps Lead Non-Preferred BT: Base metals Lead mines USE: Tenement maps NT: Lead alloys BT: Lead Lead converters Mines Least squares method Lead deposits BT: Statistical analysis Lead isotopes Lead ores Lead minerals BT: Lead Legal case notes Lead mines NT: Anglesite BT: Legislation Lead ores Cerussite UF: Case notes Lead oxides Galena Lead production Legal liability Lead refining Lead oxides BT: Risk management Lead resources BT: Lead RT: Insurance Lead smelting NT: Minium Management Lead sulphate UF: Litharge Lead sulphides Legend Native lead Lead poisoning Non-Preferred BT: Industrial health USE: Map legend Lead acid batteries UF: Plumbism Non-Preferred Legislation USE: Storage batteries Lead production BT: Government policy BT: Lead NT: Copyright Lead alloys Mineral statistics Environmental legislation BT: Alloys Law of the sea Lead Lead ratio Legal case notes BT: Lead isotopes Mining legislation Lead alpha dating Nuclear regulation Non-Preferred Lead refining Petroleum legislation USE: Lead isotope dating BT: Lead Tenements Refining RT: Energy policy Lead converters NT: Cupellation Expert reports BT: Converters Desilverizing Land rights Lead Mineral policy Lead reserves Native title Lead deposits BT: Lead resources Territorial waters BT: Base metal deposits Ore reserves Water rights Lead Lens Lead resources BT: Sedimentary structures Lead glass BT: Lead BT: Glass Mineral resources Lepidolite NT: Lead reserves BT: Lithium minerals Lead isotope dating Mica BT: Radiometric dating Lead smelting UF: Lithionite UF: Lead alpha dating BT: Lead Lithium mica Smelting Lead isotopes NT: Lead matte Lepidoptera BT: Lead Speiss BT: Insecta · Radioactive isotopes RT: lsasmelt NT: Lead ratio Sirosmelt Leptite UF: Radiogenic lead Non-Preferred Lead sulphate USE: Granulite Lead matte BT: Lead BT: Lead smelting Leu cite Matte Lead sulphides BT: Feldspathoids BT: Lead Lead minerals Leucite basalt BT: Lead Leaf filters BT: Basalt Metalliferous minerals Non-Preferred UF: Leucite basanite NT: Anglesite USE: Filters Leucite tephrite Cerussite Crocoite Leaky aquifers Leucite basanite Galena BT: Aquifers Non-Preferred Jamesonite RT: Aquicludes USE: Leucite basalt Minium Ground water Native lead UF: Leaky confined bed

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 115 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Leucite phonolite Lighting Limestone BT: Phonolite BT: Infrastructure BT: Carbonate rocks NT: Electrical lighting Industrial materials Leucite syenite Mine lighting NT: Algal limestone BT: Syenite RT: Roads Allochthonous limestone Calcarenite Leucite tephrite Lightning Calcilutite Non-Preferred BT: Meteorology Coquina USE: Leucite basalt NT: Fulgurites Crystalline limestone RT: Storms Foraminiferal limestone Leucitite Lithographic limestone BT: Basic igneous rocks Lightweight aggregates Magnesian limestone RT: Basalt BT: Aggregates Oolitic limestone RT: Bloating Pelagic limestone Leucogranite Clays Pelletal limestone Non-Preferred Fly ash Reef limestone USE: Granite Heavyweight aggregates Siliceous limestone Lightweight concrete Vesuvianite Leucoxene Perlite RT: Aggregates BT: Titanium minerals Pumice Biogenesis RT: Ilmenite Vermiculite Dolomite (rock) Rutile UF: Expanded aggregates Limestone caves Expanded clay aggregates Marble Levee sediments Expanded shale aggregates Marls Non-Preferred Expanded slag aggregates UF: Argillaceous limestone USE: Fluvial sediments Expanded slate aggregates Arkosic limestone Freshwater limestone Levees Lightweight concrete BT: River features BT: Concrete Limestone caves RT: Deltas RT: Lightweight aggregates BT: Caves Flood plains Masonry RT: Limestone UF: Natural levee Precast concrete Limnology Levelling Lignin NT: Lakes Non-Preferred BT: Organic material RT: Density stratification USE: Surveying RT: Coal constituents Oxygen deficit River pollution Levelling instruments Lignite Rivers BT: Surveying instruments BT: Coal Water chemistry UF: Abney level RT: Coal rank Montan wax Limonite Leveraged leasing Subbituminous coal BT: Iron ores BT: Financing UF: Brown coal Oxide minerals RT: Heavyweight aggregates Lherzolite Limb UF: Bog iron ore BT: Peridotite BT: Fold geometry Line location maps Libraries Limburgite BT: Location maps BT: Information management BT: Ultrabasic rocks NT: Shot point maps Infrastructure Volcanic rocks RT: Archives RT: Basalt Line spectra Documentation UF: Magma basalt BT: Emission spectra Information centres Museums Lime Lineament analysis BT: Calcium Non-Preferred Licences USE: Fracture analysis BT: Tenements Lime cements NT: Acquisitions BT: Cements Lineament maps Exploration licences BT: Tectonic maps Mergers Lime concretion Mining leases Non-Preferred Lineaments Petroleum leases USE: Concretion BT: Structural geology RT: Cash bidding RT: Faults Royalties Lime sands Tectonics Non-Preferred Light USE: Calcareous sands Linear programming BT: Electromagnetic radiation BT: Mathematical programming NT: Lasers Lime soda ash process RT: Constraints Polarized light BT: Water treatment Operations research Optimization

116 BT'-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Linear regression RT: Alcohols Litharge Non-Preferred UF: Gasoline Non-Preferred USE: Regression analysis USE: Lead oxides Liquid helium Lineation BT: Helium Lithification BT: Mineral textures Liquefied gases BT: Diagenesis RT: Preferred orientation RT: Rare gases RT: Delithification Structural petrology UF: Superfluid helium Lithionite Liners Liquid hydrogen Non-Preferred BT: Mineral processing BT: Hydrogen USE: Lepidolite equipment Liquefied gases NT: Metal liners Lithium Rubber liners Liquid inclusions BT: Alkali metals RT: Wear resistance Non-Preferred NT: Lithium deposits USE: Fluid inclusions Lithium isotopes Linnaeite Lithium minerals BT: Cobalt minerals Liquid limit Nickel minerals Non-Preferred Lithium deposits NT: Polydymite USE: Atterberg tests BT: Lithium RT: Violarite Metalliferous deposits Liq.. id liquid separation RT: Lithium minerals Liptinite BT: Hydrometallurgy Non-Preferred RT: Chromatography Lithium isotopes USE: Exinite BT: Lithium Liquid membranes Liquefied gases BT: Membranes Lithium mica BT: Gases RT: Demineralization Non-Preferred NT: Liquefied natural gas USE: Lepidolite Liquefied petroleum gas Liquid metal cooled reactors Liquid ammonia Non-Preferred Lithium minerals Liquid helium USE: Nuclear reactors BT: Lithium Liquid hydrogen Metalliferous minerals Liquid nitrogen Liquid metal fuel cells NT: Amblygonite Liquid oxygen Non-Preferred Lepidolite USE: Fuel cells Petalite Liquefied natural gas Spodumene BT: Liquefied gases Liquid nitrogen RT: Lithium deposits Liquid fuels BT: Liquefied gases Natural gas Nitrogen Lithofacies RT: Fossil fuels Non-Preferred Synthetic fuels Liquid oxygen USE: Facies BT: Liquefied gases Liquefied petroleum gas Oxygen Lithofacies maps BT: Liquefied gases RT: Explosives Non-Preferred Liquid fuels USE: Facies maps Petroleum Liquid phases RT: Butanes BT: Phase equilibria Lithographic limestone Fossil fuels RT: Phase diagrams BT: Limestone Natural gas Liquid wastes Lithographic texture Liquid ammonia BT: Industrial wastes Non-Preferred BT: Ammonia USE: Rock textures Liquefied gases Liquids evaluation tests BT: Well tests Lithologic correlation Liquid chromatography RT: Petroleum engineering BT: Stratigraphic correlation BT: Chromatography Listric faults Lithologic logs Liquid flow BT: Faults Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Growth faults USE: Geologicallogs USE: Fluid flow Normal faults Lithologic maps Liquid fuels Literature reviews Non-Preferred BT: Fuels SN: Use either for review of the USE: Geological maps NT: Alcohol fuels literature or when an extensive Ethylene bibliography accompanies document Lithologic unit Liquefied natural gas BT: Reviews BT: Lithology Liquefied petroleum gas RT: Bibliographies RT: Stratigraphic nomenclature Petroleum products Book reviews Synthetic fuels

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 117 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Lithology Loading pockets Logs BT: Sedimentary geology BT: Mine shafts BT: Logging NT: Facies RT: Chutes NT: Biostratigraphic logs Lithologic unit Storage Core logs Macrolithology Drill hole logs Microlithology Loam sampling Geochemical logs Sand shale ratio Non-Preferred Geological logs RT: Rock properties USE: Soil sampling Geophysical logs Graphic logs Lithosphere Loams Mud logs Non-Preferred BT: Soils Well logs USE: Earth lithosphere RT: Cohesive soils UF: Garden soils Lollingite Lithostatic pressure Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Location maps USE: Loellingite USE: Rock pressure BT: Maps NT: Flight maps Longhole drilling Lithostratigraphic unit Line location maps BT: Rock drilling Non-Preferred Navigation track maps USE: Rock stratigraphic unit Sample location maps Longitude Tenement maps BT: Geography Lithostratigraphic zone UF: Traverse location maps Surveying Non-Preferred RT: Latitude USE: Rock stratigraphic zone Locomotives BT: Rail transportation Longitudinal dune Littoral currents NT: Battery locomotives Non-Preferred BT: Ocean currents Diesel locomotives USE: Seif dunes NT: Littoral drift Mine locomotives Longitudinal fault Littoral drift Lode deposits Non-Preferred BT: Littoral currents Non-Preferred USE: Strike faults RT: Littoral zone USE: Vein deposits Longitudinal folds Littoral environment Lodes BT: Folds BT: Marine environment BT: Orebodies RT: Beach rock NT: Ore shoots Longitudinal moraines Saddle reefs BT: Moraines Littoral sediments Vein deposits RT: Lateral moraines BT: Marine sediments Terminal moraines RT: Terrigenous sediments Lodestone BT: Magnetite Longitudinal section Littoral zone BT: Cartography BT: Oceanic zones Loellingite RT: Mine maps NT: Neritic zone BT: Arsenic minerals RT: Beaches UF: Lollingite Longwall mining Benthonic zone BT: Coal mining Continental shelf Loess Underground mining Littoral drift BT: Aeolian soils RT: Retreat mining Paralic environment RT: Aeolian Room and pillar mining Riparian zone Silts Sea floor Lopoliths Shallow water Log analysis BT: Igneous inclusions UF: Intertidal zone Non-Preferred Igneous intrusions Tidal zone USE: Well log interpretation Loran Living standards Logging Non-Preferred BT: Demography BT: Formation tests USE: Navigation RT: Community development Well tests NT: Core logging Los Angeles test Load metamorphism Geological logging BT: Physical tests BT: Metamorphism Logging equipment RT: Wear resistance UF: Burial metamorphism Logs Wear tests Mud logging Loaders Well logging Lost circulation BT: Materials handling equipment BT: Mud circulation RT: Conveyors Logging equipment RT: Drilling problems Feeders BT: Logging Sand control Materials handling RT: Geophysical equipment Well cementing Mucking UF: Probes Wells UF: Mucking machines Sonde

118 BT'-Broader term; NT._Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Low angle thrust Lunar craters Lutetium hafnium dating Non-Preferred BT: Craters BT: Radiometric dating USE: Thrust faults Lunar geology UF: Lutetium hafnium age RT: Moon method Low density muds BT: Drilling muds Lunar crust Lutetium isotopes BT: Lunar geology BT: Lutetium Low fluid loss muds RT: Earth crust BT: Drilling muds Moon Lutite Non-Preferred Low grade coal Lunar dust USE: Mudstone BT: Coal quality BT: Lunar geology RT: Moon Luxullianite Low grade ores BT: Granite BT: Ore grade Lunar eclipse RT: High grade ores Non-Preferred Lycopsida Low heat cements USE: Eclipse BT: Pteridophyta Non-Preferred Lunar environment Lysimeters USE: Cements BT: Moon BT: Meteorological instruments Low magnesium calcite RT: Evapotranspiration Lunar geology BT: Calcite BT: Extraterrestrial geology Moon Low permeability reservoi~s NT: Lunar craters M BT: Petroleum reservoirs NT: Tight formation Lunar crust M discontinuity Lunar dust RT: Seals (reservoir) Non-Preferred Lunar rock USE: Moho Low rank coal Lunar structure RT: Geomorphology BT: Coal rank Maars Lunar topography BT: Craters Low rank metamorphism UF: Lunar interior BT: Metamorphic grade Macerals Lunar interior Non-Preferred Low temperature batteries Non-Preferred USE: Coal constituents Non-Preferred USE: Lunar geology USE: Storage batteries Machinability Lunar photography BT: Physical properties Low temperature tests BT: Moon RT: Hardness BT: Materials tests Photography Materials technology RT: Hardness tests Lunar rock Macrocrystalline textures Low velocity layer BT: Lunar geology BT: Seismic velocity Non-Preferred USE: Rock textures RT: High velocity layer Lunar structure UF: Low velocity zone BT: Lunar geology Macrodome RT: Moon Low velocity zone Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Crystal symmetry Lunar topography USE: Low velocity layer BT: Moon Macrofossils NT: Mare Lower mantle BT: Fossils RT: Lunar geology Non-Preferred USE: Earth mantle Macro lithology Lunette BT: Lithology Lubricating oil BT: Dunes BT: Oil Macropodoidea Lutecium Refined hydrocarbons BT: Marsupialia Non-Preferred Luminescence USE: Lutetium Macro spores BT: Irradiation Non-Preferred Lutetium NT: Cathodoluminescence USE: Spores Thermoluminescence BT: Rare earth elements NT: Lutetium isotopes RT: Ultraviolet fluorescence Macrotectonics UF: Lutecium UF: Phosphorescence Non-Preferred Photoluminescence USE: Tectonics Lutetium hafnium age method Non-Preferred Lunar atmosphere Mafic front BT: Moon USE: Lutetium hafnium dating BT: Granitization RT: Earth atmosphere UF: Basic front Extraterrestrial atmospheres

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 119 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Mafic rocks Melts Magnetic anomaly detection Non-Preferred UF: Pyrogenesis Non-Preferred USE: Basic igneous rocks USE: Magnetic surveys Magnesia Maghemite Non-Preferred Magnetic basement BT: Magnetic minerals USE: Magnesium oxides BT: Basement Spinel NT: Magnetic basement maps UF: Oxymagnite Magnesian limestone BT: Limestone Magnetic basement maps Magma UF: Dolomitic limestone BT: Magnetic basement BT: Magmatism Magnetic maps RT: Igneous intrusions Magnesian marble RT: Basement depth maps Magmatic differentiation Non-Preferred Volcanism USE: Marble Magnetic cards Non-Preferred Magma basalt Magnesite USE: Computer hardware Non-Preferred BT: Carbonate minerals USE: Limburgite Industrial minerals Magnetic compasses Magnesium minerals BT: Surveying instruments Magma chamber· RT: Field instruments BT: Magmatism Magnesite refractories UF: Brunton compass RT: Volcanism BT: Refractory materials Compasses Prismatic compass Magmatic assimilation Magnesium BT: Magmatism BT: Alkaline earth metals Magnetic core orientation UF: Thermal erosion NT: Magnesium carbonates Non-Preferred Magnesium isotopes USE: Core orientation Magmatic deposits Magnesium minerals BT: Mineral deposits Magnesium oxides Magnetic data NT: Emplacement mechanism Magnesium silicates BT: Geophysical data Igneous intrusions Magnetic surveys RT: Ore genesis Magnesium carbonates Magnetic dating UF: Magmatic ore deposits BT: Carbonates Non-Preferred Magnesium USE: Palaeomagnetic dating Magmatic differentiation BT: Magmatism Magnesium isotopes Magnetic declination NT: Hybridization BT: Magnesium BT: Geomagnetism Magmatic segregation UF: Declination RT: Magma Magnesium minerals Magmatic water BT: Magnesium Magnetic detection Mineral genesis Metalliferous minerals Non-Preferred UF: Differentiation (magmatic) NT: Brucite USE: Magnetic surveys Magnesite Magmatic ore deposits Periclase Magnetic disks Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Magmatic deposits Magnesium oxides USE: Computer hardware BT: Magnesium Magmatic segregation UF: Magnesia BT: Magmatic differentiation Magnetic disturbances BT: Magnetic anomalies RT: Restite Magnesium silicates RT: Geomagnetism UF: Crystal fractionation BT: Magnesium Fractional crystalization Solar activity UF: Magnetic storms Magnetic airborne detection Magmatic stoping Non-Preferred Magnetic domain maps BT: Magmatism USE: Aerial magnetic surveys BT: Magnetic maps

Magmatic water Magnetic anisotropy Magnetic equator BT: Magmatism BT: Magnetic properties Non-Preferred RT: Hydrothermal water USE: Geomagnetic equator Magmatic differentiation Magnetic anomalies Ore genesis BT: Geophysical anomalies Magnetic exploration Magnetic surveys Non-Preferred Magmatism NT: Lateral shift USE: Magnetic surveys BT: Igneous petrology Magnetic disturbances NT: Magma RT: Aerial magnetic surveys Magnetic field intensity Magma chamber Geomagnetism BT: Magnetic fields Magmatic assimilation UF: Aerial magnetic anomalies NT: Induced magnetism Magmatic differentiation Aeromagnetic anomalies Remanent magnetism Magmatic stoping TMI maps Magmatic water UF: Magnetic field strength

120 BT'-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Magnetic field strength RT: Electrical properties Magnetite Non-Preferred Nuclear magnetism logs BT: Iron ores USE: Magnetic field intensity Palaeomagnetism Magnetic minerals Rock geophysics Oxide minerals Magnetic fields NT: Lodestone BT: Magnetism Magnetic reversals Titanomagnetite NT: Dipole field Non-Preferred Galvanometers USE: Geomagnetic reversals Magnetochemistry Magnetic field intensity BT: Physical chemistry RT: Electrical field Magnetic separation Field strength BT: Mineral separation Magnetohydrodynamics Geomagnetic fields NT: Magnetic separators BT: Geomagnetism MHS separation RT: Geomagnetic fields Magnetic fluids RT: Electrostatic separation BT: Heavy media UF: Davis magnetic test Magnetohydrostatic separation Electromagnetic separation Non-Preferred Magnetic gradiometers USE: MHS separation BT: Magnetometers Magnetic separators RT: Aerial magnetic surveys BT: Magnetic separation Magnetometer array Mineral separators BT: Magnetic surveys Magnetic interpretation RT: Electrostatic separators BT: Geophysical interpretation UF: Electromagnetic separators Magnetometer surveys Non-Preferred Magnetic IP methods Magnetic storms USE: Magnetic surveys Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: IP methods USE: Magnetic disturbances Magnetometers BT: Magnetic survey equipment Magnetic IP surveys Magnetic survey equipment NT: Magnetic gradiometers BT: IP surveys BT: Magnetic surveys Nuclear resonance UF: MIP surveys NT: Magnetometers magnetometers Proton precession Magnetic logs Magnetic survey methods magnetometers BT: Geophysical logs BT: Geophysical methods Torsion magnetometers Magnetic surveys Vapour magnetometers Magnetic maps Vibration magnetometers BT: Geophysical maps Magnetic surveys RT: Magnetic surveys NT: Aerial magnetic maps BT: Geophysical surveys UF: Fluxgate magnetometers Magnetic basement maps NT: Aerial magnetic surveys Magnetic domain maps Ground magnetic surveys Magnetosphere Magnetic pixel maps Magnetic anomalies BT: Geomagnetism TMI maps Magnetic data RT: Magnetic profiles Magnetic survey equipment Magnetostratigraphy Magnetic survey methods BT: Palaeomagnetism Magnetic minerals Magnetometer array Stratigraphy BT: Minerals Marine magnetic surveys NT: Ilmenite RT: Geomagnetism Magnetotelluric methods Maghemite Magnetometers Non-Preferred Magnetite UF: Magnetic anomaly detection USE: EM methods Rare earth magnets Magnetic detection Magnetic exploration Magnetotelluric surveys Magnetic overprinting Magnetometer surveys BT: EM surveys BT: Palaeomagnetism NT: Afmag surveys Magnetic susceptibility RT: Electromagnetometers Magnetic pixel maps BT: Magnetic properties Telluric current surveys BT: Magnetic maps UF: AMT surveys Magnetic tapes Magnetic poles BT: Computer hardware Maintenance BT: Magnetism Non-Preferred RT: Geomagnetic poles Magnetism USE: Plant maintenance BT: Physical properties Magnetic profiles NT: Demagnetisation Major element analysis BT: Geophysical profiles Electromagnetism BT: Chemical analysis RT: Magnetic maps Magnetic fields Elements Magnetic poles Magnetic properties Magnetic properties Malachite BT: Magnetism RT: Geomagnetism BT: Carbonate minerals NT: Hysteresis Recrystallization (mineralogy) Copper minerals Magnetic anisotropy Copper ores Magnetic susceptibility Gemstones Remanent magnetism

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 121 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Maldonite UF: Administration Manganese steel BT: Bismuth Management methods BT: Alloy steels Gold alloys Management planning RT: Porpezite Manganite Management audit BT: Manganese minerals Mammalia BT: Management Oxide minerals BT: Vertebrata Vertebrate palaeontology Management engineering Mangrove swamps NT: Cetacea Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Eutheria USE: Industrial engineering USE: Mangroves Homo erectus Metatheria Management methods Mangroves Monotremata Non-Preferred BT: Swamps Primates USE: Management UF: Mangrove swamps RT: Tetrapods Management philosophy Manometers Mammillary structure BT: Management Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Organization theory USE: Pressure measurement USE: Pillow structure Management planning Manpower management Management Non-Preferred Non-Preferred NT: Contractual arrangements USE: Management USE: Personnel management Crisis management Disaster management Management training Manpower planning Dispute resolution BT: Education BT: Personnel management Efficiency Management Planning Emergency management RT: Personnel management RT: Management Employment Exploration management Manganese Manpower utilization Industrial relations BT: Non ferrous metals Non-Preferred Innovation NT: Manganese deposits USE: Personnel management Intellectual property Manganese isotopes Knowledge management Manganese minerals Mantle Management audit Manganese ores Non-Preferred Management philosophy Manganese oxides USE: Earth mantle Management training Marketing Manganese deposits Mantle fluids Mine management BT: Manganese BT: Earth mantle Organization theory Metalliferous deposits Personnel management NT: Manganese nodules Mantle plumes Production management BT: Plate tectonics Manganese isotopes Productivity NT: Hot spots Project management BT: Manganese Public relations Manual information systems Manganese minerals Quality assurance BT: Information systems Research management BT: Manganese RT: Information storage and Metalliferous minerals Risk management retrieval NT: Bog manganese Strategic planning UF: Card index systems Total quality management Braunite Edge notch cards Bustamite Value adding Manganite RT: Contract services Manuals Costs Psilomelane BT: Documentation Pyrolusite Decision methods NT: Field manual Rhodochrosite Economic analysis RT: Encyclopaedias Energy management Rhodonite UF: Handbook Sturtite Feasibility studies Todorokite Financing Manufactured gas Incentives Manganese nodules Non-Preferred Industrial democracy BT: Manganese deposits USE: Synthetic gas Infrastructure Submarine mineral deposits Insurance RT: Marine geology Manufacturing industry Joint ventures BT: Secondary industry Legal liability Manganese ores Manpower planning BT: Manganese Map legend Market research BT: Cartography Planning Manganese oxides UF: Legend Policy BT: Manganese Map symbols Privatization NT: Bog manganese Risk analysis Psilomelane Systems engineering RT: Pyrolusite

122 BT'-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Map projection Magnesian marble UF: Geological oceanography BT: Cartography Ophicalcite Submarine geology RT: Mapping Serpentine marble Maps Marine geophysics Marcasite BT: Geophysics Map symbols BT: Pyrite RT: Geophysical surveys Non-Preferred USE: Map legend Mare Marine gravity surveys BT: Lunar topography SN: Use mainly for ship-based Mapping surveys BT: Graphic presentation Marginal marine environment BT: Gravity surveys NT: Aerial mapping Non-Preferred Marine surveys Extraterrestrial mapping USE: Paralic environment UF: Submarine gravity surveys Gazetteers Geochemical mapping Marginal plateaus Marine magnetic surveys Geological mapping Non-Preferred SN: Use mainly for ship-based Infrared mapping USE: Submarine topographic surveys Maps features BT: Magnetic surveys Plane table mapping Marine surveys Radar mapping Maria lite RT: Cartography BT: Scapolite Marine mineral exploration Map projection BT: Mineral exploration Photogrammetry Marine cut platform RT: Marine surveys Surveys Non-Preferred Triangulation USE: Wave cut platforms Marine mining Underground mapping BT: Mining Marine cut terrace RT: Anchoring systems Mapping cameras Non-Preferred Cathodic protection Non-Preferred USE: Wave cut platforms Divers USE: Cartographic cameras Underwater blasting Marine deposits UF: Deep sea dredging Maps Non-Preferred Deep sea mining BT: Mapping USE: Submarine mineral deposits Ocean mining NT: Atlases Offshore mining Base maps Marine disposal Underwater mining Cadastral maps BT: Waste disposal Contour maps RT: Marine pollution Marine offlap Derivative maps Non-Preferred Digital maps Marine drilling USE: Marine regression Geochemical maps Non-Preferred Geological maps USE: Offshore drilling Marine onlap Geomorphic maps Non-Preferred Geophysical maps Marine drilling platforms USE: Marine transgression Geothermal maps Non-Preferred Hydrogeological maps USE: Drilling platforms Marine parks Index maps BT: National parks International map of the world Marine environment Interpretative maps BT: Sedimentary environments Marine petroleum exploration Location maps NT: Littoral environment BT: Petroleum exploration Mine maps Sea weed RT: Marine surveys Oceanographic charts RT: Oceanic zones Palaeogeographic maps Marine phosphates Photo maps Marine erosion BT: Phosphates Regolith maps BT: Erosion RT: Phosphate deposits Resource maps RT: Cliffs Soil maps Marine placer deposits RT: Charts Marine geochemistry BT: Placer deposits Map projection BT: Geochemistry Marine pollution Marble Marine geology BT: Water pollution BT: Metamorphic rocks BT: Geology RT: Marine disposal RT: Carbonate rocks RT: Benthonic zone Oil slicks Crystalline limestone Geomorphology Limestone Manganese nodules Marine regression Marmorization Oceanic ridges BT: Sedimentation Ornamental stone Oceanography RT: Marine sediments UF: Actinolite marble Oozes Regressive sediments Brucite marble Petroleum geology UF: Marine offlap Dolomitic marble Phosphate nodules Forsterite marble Submarine canyons

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 123 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Marine sediments Maris Mass fires BT: Sediments BT: Calcareous sediments Non-Preferred NT: Beach rock USE: Wildfires Deep sea sediments Marker beds Fluviomarine sediments BT: Stratigraphy Mass spectra Glacial marine sediments UF: Marker horizon BT: Spectra Littoral sediments RT: Mass spectroscopy Oozes Marker horizon Regressive sediments Non-Preferred Mass spectrographs Sea floor sediments USE: Marker beds Non-Preferred Spherules USE: Mass spectroscopy Terrigenous sediments Market research Transgressive sediments BT: Economic analysis Mass spectrometers RT: Chondrules Marketing Non-Preferred Marine regression RT: Cost analysis USE: Mass spectroscopy Marine transgression Management Submarine mineral deposits Research and development Mass spectrometry Terrestrial sediments Non-Preferred UF: Ocean sediments Marketing USE: Mass spectroscopy BT: Management Marine seismic exploration NT: Commodity agreements Mass spectroscopy Non-Preferred Market research BT: Atomic spectroscopy USE: Marine seismic surveys UF: Sales management RT: Mass spectra Microanalysis Marine seismic methods Marls Qualitative analysis BT: Marine seismic surveys BT: Calcareous sediments Radiation measuring Seismic survey methods RT: Clay minerals instruments Limestone UF: Mass spectrographs Marine seismic surveys Mass spectrometers SN: Use mainly for ship-based Marmatite Mass spectrometry surveys Non-Preferred BT: Marine surveys USE: Sphalerite Mass transfer Seismic surveys BT: Hydrothermal alteration NT: Marine seismic methods Marmorization RT: Air gun sound source BT: Metamorphism Massif Aquapulse RT: Marble BT: Geomorphology Directed line source Sparker sound source Mars Massive sulphide deposits UF: Marine seismic exploration BT: Planets BT: Sulphide deposits

Marine survey equipment Mars atmosphere Master curve BT: Equipment Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Marine surveys USE: Extraterrestrial atmospheres USE: Type curve

Marine surveys Marsh gas Material balance SN: Use mainly for ship-based Non-Preferred BT: Process control surveys USE: Methane RT: Mineral processing BT: Surveys NT: Marine gravity surveys Marsupialia Materials Marine magnetic surveys BT: Metatheria NT: Additives Marine seismic surveys NT: Macropodoidea Cements Marine survey equipment Ceramics Oceanographic surveys Martite Chemical compounds Underwater equipment BT: Hematite Coatings Underwater photography Oxide minerals Fissionable materials RT: Geophysical surveys Fuels Marine mineral exploration Masonry Hazardous materials Marine petroleum exploration BT: Building materials Industrial materials Submersible vehicles RT: Building stones Insulation UF: Offshore surveys Dimension stone Materials technology Submarine exploration Lightweight concrete Membranes Stone Metal fabrication Marine transgression Metals BT: Sedimentation Masonry cements Organic material RT: Marine sediments Non-Preferred Raw materials Transgressive sediments USE: Cements Strategic materials UF: Coastal onlap Wear (materials) Marineonlap Masonry dams On lap Non-Preferred USE: Dams

124 BT'-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Materials handling Oxidation tests Mathematics NT: Bulk handling PCE equivalent NT: Algorithms Coal handling Physical tests Mathematical analysis Extruding Thermomechanical analysis Mathematical applications Filling Ultrasonic tests Mathematical models Materials handling equipment X ray stress analysis Matrix algebra Packaging RT: Corrosion tests Operations research Reclaiming Deformation (materials) Safe handling Dynamic tests Matrix (petrology) Stacking Electrophotometry BT: Petrology Stockpiling Metallography UF: Groundmass Storage Penetration resistance RT: Earth moving Qualitative analysis Matrix algebra Hazardous materials Quality control BT: Mathematics loaders Quantitative analysis Materials technology Radiography Matte Mining Spectroscopy NT: Copper matte Pipelines X ray spectroscopy lead matte Ports Nickel matte Silos Mathematical analysis RT: Smelting Transportation BT: Mathematics Waste disposal NT: Error correction Maturation UF: Handling Transport equations BT: Diagenesis Vector analysis NT: Conodont colour alteration Materials handling equipment index BT: Equipment Mathematical applications Thermal maturity Materials handling BT: Mathematics RT: Organic geochemistry NT: Bottom dumpers NT: Fractal geometry Organic petrology Chutes Fuzzy logic Petroleum genesis Conveyors RT: Simulation Petroleum geochemistry Feeders UF: Application of mathematics Rock eval pyrolysis loaders Mathematical methods Source rock analysis Side dumpers Vitrinite reflectance Tipplers Mathematical geology RT: Earth moving equipment BT: Geology Meanders Mine cars NT: Geostatistics BT: River features RT: Statistical analysis NT: Entrenched meander Materials technology BT: Materials Mathematical methods Measured mineral resources Technology Non-Preferred BT: Mineral resources NT: Carbon arc USE: Mathematical applications Carbon filament Measured ore reserves Composite. materials Mathematical models Non-Preferred BT: Mathematics Corrosion USE: Proved ore reserves Simulation Fibreglass Fused minerals RT: Algorithms Measurement while drilling Analogue simulation Materials tests BT: Directional drilling Computer simulation Physical metallurgy UF: Geosteering Strength of materials Data modelling Decision methods Synthetic materials Mechanic analysis Digital simulation Welding Non-Preferred RT: Alloys Economic analysis USE: Size classification Mathematical programming Casting Models Foundry practice Mechanical engineering Operations research Hardening (materials) BT: Engineering Queueing theory Machinability NT: Fluid mechanics Systems analysis Materials handling Flywheels Metal fabrication Systems engineering Friction (engineering) UF: Numerical models Optical fibres Weathering tests Mathematical programming Mechanical properties BT: Operations research Non-Preferred Materials tests NT: Constraints USE: Physical properties BT: Materials technology linear programming NT: Accelerated tests RT: Mathematical models Mechanical stage Brittle failure BT: Microscopes Destructive testing Mathematical statistics Fire tests Non-Preferred Mechanical tests Impact strength USE: Statistical analysis Non-Preferred low temperature tests USE: Physical tests Nondestructive testing

USE- directs the user to the prefe"ed term 125 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Mechanical weathering Membranes Mesothermal deposits BT: Weathering BT: Materials BT: Hydrothermal deposits NT: Abrasion (geological) NT: Liquid membranes Exfoliation Molecular sieves Mesozoic Frost action RT: Demineralization BT: Phanerozoic Scree Dialysis NT: Cretaceous RT: Erosion Filtration Jurassic UF: Diaphragms Triassic Mechanization BT: Engineering Mendelevium Meta data RT: Automation BT: Actinide series BT: Data RT: Databases Medial moraines Mendelevium isotopes BT: Moraines BT: Radioactive isotopes Metal abundance BT: Ores Mediation Mercalli scale BT: Dispute resolution BT: Seismic intensity Metal carbides RT: Earthquake effects Non-Prefeffed Meerschaum UF: Modified Mercalli scale USE: Carbides Non-Prefeffed USE: Sepiolite Mercator projection Metal corrosion BT: Cartography Non-Preferred Meetings RT: Equatorial projection USE: Corrosion Non-Preferred USE: Conferences Mercury (metal) Metal detectors BT: Non ferrous metals BT: Equipment Mega breccia NT: Mercury amalgam RT: Fossicking BT: Breccia Mercury deposits Mercury isotopes Metal fabrication Megafauna Mercury minerals BT: Materials BT: Fauna Native mercury RT: Materials technology

Megaflora Mercury (planet) Metal ions BT: Flora BT: Planets Non-Preferred USE: Cations Megafossils Mercury amalgam BT: Fossils BT: Mercury (metal) Metal liners UF: Amalgam BT: Liners Megajoint analysis Non-Preferred Mercury deposits Metal prices USE: Fracture analysis BT: Mercury (metal) BT: Mineral statistics Metalliferous deposits Prices Megatectonics NT: Gold prices Non-Prefeffed Mercury halo technique USE: Tectonics BT: Geochemical exploration Metal ratio RT: Geochemical dispersions BT: Ores Meionite BT: Scapolite Mercury isotopes Metal scrap BT: Mercury (metal) BT: Industrial wastes Melange RT: Recycling BT: Sediments Mercury minerals Salvage materials RT: Breccia BT: Mercury (metal) UF: Scrap metal Melaphyre Metalliferous minerals NT: Cinnabar Metal statistics Non-Preferred Coloradoite Non-Preferred USE: Keratophyre Native mercury USE: Mineral statistics Melilite Mergers Metallic minerals BT: Feldspathoids Non-Preferred UF: Akermanite BT: Companies Licences USE: Metalliferous minerals Gehlenite NT: Due diligence Melilite basalt Metallics BT: Basalt Merostomata Non-Preferred RT: Lamprophyre BT: Arthropoda USE: Metalliferous minerals

Melting point Mesas Metalliferous deposits BT: Physical properties BT: Cuestas BT: Mineral deposits UF: Butte NT: Aluminium deposits Melts Antimony deposits BT: Magmatism Arsenic deposits

126 BT:-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Base metal deposits Metallogenic province Sponge metal Chromium deposits BT: Metallogenesis RT: Composite materials Cobalt deposits RT: Metallogenic epoch Iron deposits UF: Metallographic province Metamict minerals Lithium deposits BT: Radioactive minerals Manganese deposits Metallographic province RT: Radiation effects Mercury deposits Non-Preferred Molybdenum USE: Metallogenic province Metamorphic assemblage Molybdenum deposits BT: Metamorphism Precious metal deposits Metallography RT: Metamorphic facies Tin deposits BT: Physical metallurgy Tungsten deposits RT: Materials tests Metamorphic complex Uranium deposits BT: Regional metamorphism Vanadium deposits Metallurgical analysis UF: Core complex Non-Preferred Metalliferous minerals USE: Chemical analysis Metamorphic deposits BT: Minerals BT: Mineral deposits NT: Aluminium minerals Metallurgical coal Antimony minerals Non-Preferred Metamorphic evolution Arsenic minerals USE: Coking coal Non-Preferred Bismuth minerals USE: Metamorphism Chromium minerals Metallurgical coke Cobalt minerals Non-Preferred Metamorphic facies Copper minerals USE: Coke BT: Facies Gold minerals Metamorphic petrology Iron minerals Metallurgical converters NT: Amphibolite facies Lead minerals Non-Preferred Blueschist facies Lithium minerals USE: Converters Eclogite facies Magnesium minerals Epidote amphibolite facies Manganese minerals Metallurgical furnaces Granulite facies Mercury minerals BT: Furnaces Greenschist facies Molybdenum minerals NT: Blast furnaces Hornfels facies Nickel minerals Converters Pyroxene hornfels facies Platinum minerals Heat treating furnaces Zeolite facies Rare earth minerals Openhearth furnaces RT: Metamorphic assemblage Silver minerals Retort furnaces Strontium minerals Roasters Metamorphic fluid Sulphide minerals Sintering furnaces BT: Metamorphism Tantalum minerals RT: Electrical furnaces NT: Saline fluids Tellurium minerals Gas furnaces RT: Metasomatism Tin minerals Induction furnaces Titanium minerals Muffle furnaces Metamorphic geology Tungsten minerals Pyrometallurgy Non-Preferred Uranium minerals Slags USE: Metamorphism Vanadium minerals Smelters Yttrium minerals Metamorphic grade Zinc minerals Metallurgical laboratories BT: Metamorphism UF: Metallic minerals BT: Laboratories NT: High rank metamorphism Metallics Low rank metamorphism Metallurgical training UF: Metamorphic rank Metalliferous sands BT: Education Non-Preferred Metamorphic maps USE: Mineral sands Metallurgy Non-Preferred NT: Alloys USE: Geological maps Metallogenesis Extractive metallurgy BT: Ore genesis Foundry practice Metamorphic petrology NT: Metallogenic epoch Heat treatment BT: Petrology Metallogenic province Microwave methods NT: Metamorphic facies RT: Metallogenic maps Physical metallurgy Metamorphic rocks Powder metallurgy Porphyroblast Metallogenic epoch Vacuum metallurgy Strain crystallization BT: Metallogenesis RT: Casting RT: Metallogenic province Hardening (materials) Metamorphic rank Steel making Non-Preferred Metallogenic maps USE: Metamorphic grade BT: Geological maps Metals RT: Metallogenesis BT: Materials Metamorphic rock textures NT: Base metals Non-Preferred Iron USE: Rock textures Non ferrous metals

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 127 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Metamorphic rocks Recrystallization (mineralogy) Meteorological stations BT: Metamorphic petrology UF: Injection metamorphism BT: Meteorology NT: Amphibolite Metamorphic evolution Observatories Apatite Metamorphic geology Banding Plutonic metamorphism Meteorology Blastomylonite BT: Climatology Calc silicate rocks Meta quartzite NT: Atmospheric pressure Cataclastic rocks BT: Metamorphic rocks Convection Crystalline rocks Forecasting Eclogite Metasediments Humidity Epidiorite BT: Metamorphic rocks Lightning Epidosite Meteorological instruments Gametite Metasomatism Meteorological stations Gneiss BT: Geological processes Precipitation (meteorology) Granulite NT: Contact metasomatism Rain shadow Greenstone Deuteric alteration Weather Hornfels Hydrothermal metasomatism Wind lmpactite Jasperization RT: Earth sciences Marble Pneumatolysis Metaquartzite Regional metasomatism Meteors Metasediments Serpentinization Non-Preferred Migmatite RT: Metamorphic fluid USE: Meteorites Mylonite Metamorphism Phyllite Pneumatolytic deposits Metering Phyllonite Supergene alteration BT: Instrumentation Porphyroid UF: Pyrometasomatism RT: Calibration Quartzite Flow control Schist Metatheria Serpentinite BT: Mammalia Methane Skarn NT: Diprotodonta BT: Alkanes Slate Marsupialia NT: Coalbed methane Talcose rocks Methane drainage Tectonite Metazoa Methane series Tourmalinite BT: Zoology RT: Gas content RT: Flaser gabbro RT: Palaeontology Mine gases Flaser granite Natural gas Thermochronology Meteoric water UF: Firedamp Zoisite BT: Water Marsh gas

Metamorphism Meteorite craters Methane drainage BT: Geological processes BT: Craters BT: Methane NT: Anatexis Meteorites RT: Coal outbursts Cataclastic metamorphism RT: Impact structures Coalbed methane Chloritization UF: Astrobleme Degasification Contact metamorphism UF: Coal degasification Dolomitization Meteorites Dynamic metamorphism BT: Extraterrestrial geology Methane series Feldspathization NT: Chondrules BT: Methane Granitization Iron meteorites Impact metamorphism Meteorite craters Methanol Load metamorphism Siderolite BT: Synthetic fuels Marmorization Stony iron meteorites Metamorphic assemblage Stony meteorites Methods Metamorphic fluid Tektites BT: Documentation Metamorphic grade RT: Australites UF: Techniques Migmatization Morphology Polymetamorphism Troilite Methyl orange Regional metamorphism UF: Achondrite BT: Chemical indicators Retrograde metamorphism Chondrites Saussuritization Meteors Methylene iodide Scapolitization BT: Heavy media Spilitization Meteorological instruments Syntexis BT: Instruments Metric conversion Thermal metamorphism Meteorology BT: Metrology Uralitization NT: Anemometers Zeolitization Barometers Metrology RT: Clastic deformation Evaporimeters BT: Physical science Diagenesis Lysimeters NT: Metric conversion Metasomatism Rain gauges Plastic deformation

128 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

MHD electrical power generation Microbiological processes Micro lithology BT: Electrical power generation BT: Biogeochemistry BT: Lithology NT: Bacterial leaching MHS separation Bacterial oxidation Micrologging BT: Magnetic separation Bacterial reduction Non-Preferred UF: Magnetohydrostatic Biodegradation USE: Resistivity logging separation Bioremediation Bioturbation Micrologs Mica RT: Microorganisms Non-Preferred BT: Industrial minerals UF: Biological processes USE: Resistivity logs NT: Biotite Celadonite Microchemical tests Microorganism control (water) Glauconite Non-Preferred BT: Water treatment Lepidolite USE: Microanalysis Muscovite Microorganisms Phlogopite Microclimatology BT: Botany BT: Climatology Pinite Zoology Sericite NT: Algae Zinnwaldite Microcline Bacteria BT: Alkali feldspars RT: Greisen Fungi Geomicrobiology Mica schist Microcomputers Microplankton BT: Computers BT: Schist Spores NT: Biotite schist RT: Aerobic processes Muscovite schist Microcrystalline textures Anaerobic processes Non-Preferred Bacterial leaching USE: Rock textures Micaceous hematite Bioremediation BT: Hematite Microdiamonds Microbiological processes UF: Specular hematite BT: Diamonds Micropalaeontology Specularite RT: Diamond occurrence UF: Microbes Micropalaeontology Micaceous quartzite Microfauna BT: Palaeontology Non-Preferred BT: Fauna USE: Quartzite NT: Chitinozoa Coccolith Microfiche Micaceous sandstone Conodonta Non-Preferred Diatoms Non-Preferred USE: Microforms USE: Sandstone Foraminifera Ichthyoliths Microfilm Microfossils Micaceous shale Non-Preferred Ostracoda Non-Preferred USE: Microforms USE: Shale Plankton Protista Microflora Radiolaria Micrinite BT: Flora Non-Preferred Scolecodonta RT: Invertebrate palaeontology USE: Durain Microforms Microorganisms BT: Micrographics Micrite Palaeobotany UF: Microfiche Palynology BT: Calcareous sediments Microfilm RT: Mud mounds Microphotography Oozes Microfossils Non-Preferred BT: Fossils USE: Photomicrography Microanalysis Micropalaeontology BT: Chemical analysis NT: Acritarchs Microplankton RT: Electron microprobes UF: Nannofossils BT: Microorganisms Mass spectroscopy NT: Dinoflagellates Neutron spectroscopy Micrographics RT: Palaeobotany UF: Microchemical tests NT: Microforms Palynology UF: Nannoplankton Microbarographs Microgravity surveys Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Microprobe analysis USE: Barometers USE: Gravity surveys BT: Chemical analysis RT: Electron microprobes Microbes Microhardness tests Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Micropulsations USE: Microorganisms USE: Hardness tests BT: Geomagnetic variation

Microbial mats Microlaterlogs Microradiography Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Algal mats USE: Resistivity logs USE: Radiography

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 129 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Microscopes Military applications Mine drainage BT: Equipment BT: Engineering BT: Drainage (dewatering) Microscopy Engineering geology NT: Acid mine drainage NT: Binocular microscopes NT: Nuclear weapons RT: Mining Mechanical stage Pump drainage Nicol prism Military geology Polarizing microscopes Non-Preferred Mine dust RT: Optical equipment USE: Engineering geology BT: Dust UF: Optical microscopes Mine ventilation Milky Way RT: Coal dust Microscopy BT: Astronomy Dust control BT: Laboratory tests Dust explosions NT: Electron microscopy Mill water Image analysis Non-Preferred Mine evaluation Microscopes USE: Process water BT: Evaluation Optical microscopy Mine planning X ray microscopy Millerite NT: Ore depth estimation RT: Interference colours BT: Nickel minerals RT: Feasibility studies Interference figure Geostatistics Polarized light Milling (comminution) Mine development Non-Preferred Mine inspection Microseisms USE: Comminution Mineral economics BT: Rock pressure Prospect evaluation RT: Acoustic emission Mimetite Seismic monitoring BT: Apatite Mine exploration UF: Rock noise SN: Exploration in underground Mine batteries mines Microspores Non-Preferred BT: Exploration Non-Preferred USE: Stamp batteries Mine development USE: Spores RT: Mining geology Mine bursts Microtectonics Non-Preferred Mine fill Non-Preferred USE: Rock bursts Non-Preferred USE: Structural petrology USE: Mine filling Mine cars Microwave methods BT: Mine transportation Mine filling BT: Metallurgy RT: Materials handling equipment BT: Filling RT: Extractive metallurgy Mine support Mine closure NT: Cemented filling Microwave spectroscopy BT: Mine management Hydraulic filling BT: Spectroscopy RT: Care and maintenance Paste filling Decommissioning Pneumatic filling Microwaves Mine rehabilitation Rock filling BT: Electromagnetic waves RT: Cut and fill mining Mine communications Mine pillars Midocean ridge basalt BT: Communications Mine timber Non-Preferred UF: Underground Roof control USE: MORB communications Tailings Waste disposal Midocean ridges Mine design UF: Back filling Non-Preferred BT: Mine development Consolidated back fill USE: Oceanic ridges RT: Mine models Mine fill Mine planning Migmatite Mine fires BT: Metamorphic rocks Mine development BT: Fires NT: Restite BT: Mining Mine safety RT: Gneiss NT: Brownfields development RT: Coal dust Granite Greenfields development Coal mines UF: Agmatic gneiss Mine design Mine gases Mine exploration Mine seals Migmatization Mine surveying Mine ventilation BT: Metamorphism Single entry development Underground explosions Trial mining Migration RT: Mine evaluation Mine gases BT: Geomorphology Mine planning BT: Mine ventilation Project development RT: Air pollution control Milankovitch theory Coal mines BT: Glacial cycle Flammable gases RT: Earth rotation Methane Mine fires

130 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Mine safety RT: Mine design Mine seals Radon gas Mines BT: Mine safety Respirators RT: Mine fires Safety Mine pillars Outburst prevention Underground explosions BT: Mine support RT: Mine filling Mine shafts Mine geology Pillar recovery BT: Mining engineering Non-Preferred Roof control NT: Circular shafts USE: Mining geology Room and pillar mining Inclined shafts UF: Pillars Loading pockets Mine haulage Shaft linings Non-Preferred Mine planning Shaft sinking USE: Mine transportation BT: Mining Tunnel linings Planning RT: Cages Mine heritage NT: Mine evaluation Coal mines BT: National heritage Mine models Excavation Mine surveying Headframes Mine hoisting RT: Infrastructure Mine hoisting BT: Mining engineering Mine design Mine transportation NT: Cages Mine development Mine ventilation Hoist ropes Mining Hydraulic hoisting Mine production Safety Pneumatic hoisting BT: Mineral statistics Skips Skips RT: Mining Tunnels Winders Underground mining Wire ropes Mine rehabilitation Ventilation RT: Coal mines BT: Land reclamation Winders Headframes Mining UF: Shafts Hoists Rehabilitation Mine shafts NT: Quarry rehabilitation Mine spoil heaps Mine transportation Revegetation SN: Overburden plus mill Shaft sinking RT: Abandoned mines wastes UF: Hoisting Decommissioning BT: Mine wastes Koepe hoist Mine closure RT: Tailings Mine hoists Mine wastes UF: Spoil heaps Winding Reclamation Mine subsidence Mine hoists Mine relics BT: Mining Non-Preferred BT: Industrial archaeology Subsidence USE: Mine hoisting NT: Air blast (mine subsidence) Mine rescue Mine inspection BT: Mine safety Mine support BT: Mines RT: Refuge chambers BT: Mining RT: Mine evaluation NT: Cable bolting Mine roads Hydraulic props Mine lighting BT: Coal mining Mine filling BT: Lighting Mining engineering RT: Haul roads Mine pillars Mine timber RT: Electrical lighting Mine safety Pneumatic props Mine safety BT: Mining Rock bolting Mine locomotives Safety Roof control BT: Locomotives NT: Mine fires Shoring Mine transportation Mine rescue Shotcrete Mine seals Steel sets Mine management Outburst prevention Timbering (mines) BT: Management Refuge chambers RT: Ground control NT: Care and maintenance Safety lamps Ground freezing Mine closure Wire netting Retaining walls RT: Air blast (mine subsidence) Rock mechanics Mine maps Mine gases Tunnel linings BT: Maps Mine lighting UF: Strata control Mine surveying Mine ventilation Supports RT: Cross sections Rock bursts Underground supporting Longitudinal section Roof control Subsurface maps Underground explosions Mine surveying Underground mapping BT: Mine development Mine sampling Mine planning Mine models BT: Sampling Surveying BT: Mine planning UF: Underground sampling NT: Mine maps Physical models Shaft surveying

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 131 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

RT: Tunnelling Waste treatment deposits UF: Underground surveying UF: Mullock Non metalliferous deposits Waste rock Orebodies Mine tailings Ores Non-Preferred Mine waters Oxidized zone USE: Tailings BT: Mine wastes Pegmatitic deposits NT: Acid mine waters Phosphate deposits Mine timber RT: Drainage (dewatering) Placer deposits BT: Mine support Mining Pneumatolytic deposits RT: Mine filling Waste water Polymetallic deposits Porphyry mineral deposits Mine transportation Mineragraphy Replacement deposits BT: Mining engineering BT: Mineralogy Residual deposits Transportation NT: Polished section Sediment hosted deposits NT: Aerial ropeways RT: Opaque minerals Shallow depth Cages UF: Ore microscopy Stockwork Mine cars Stratabound deposits Mine locomotives Mineral alteration Stratiform deposits Skips BT: Mineralogy Submarine mineral deposits RT: Belt conveyors NT: Supergene alteration Sulphide deposits Bottom dumpers Sulphide zone Chain conveyors Mineral assemblage Supergene deposits Conveyors BT: Mineralogy Syngenetic deposits Haul roads RT: Rock forming minerals Volcanic hosted deposits Haulage vehicles Volcanogenic deposits Mine hoisting Mineral beneficiation Zoning (mineral deposits) Mine shafts BT: Beneficiation RT: Sedimentary ores Side dumpers Structural control Trackless mining Mineral charcoal UF: Mineral prospect UF: Mine haulage Non-Preferred Ore deposits Pit haulage USE: Fusain Prospect Pit transportation Mineral chemistry Mineral discovery Mine ventilation BT: Chemistry BT: Mineral exploration BT: Mining engineering NT: Fused minerals Ventilation Mineral series Mineral economics NT: Mine dust BT: Economics Mine gases Mineral claims NT: Commodity economics Ventilation shafts Non-Preferred Mineral concentrates RT: Coal dust USE: Mining leases Net smelter return Coal mines RT: Buffer stockpiling Coal mining Mineral concentrates Commodity agreements Exhaust systems BT: Beneficiation Cutoff grade Mine fires Mineral economics Economic geography Mine safety Mineral separation Economic geology Mine shafts RT: Net smelter return Feasibility studies Mining Ores Incentives Pneumoconiosis UF: Concentrates Mine evaluation Refrigeration Mineral statistics Safety Mineral conservation Mineral valuation Silicosis BT: Conservation Petroleum statistics Temperature control RT: Mineral resources Prospect evaluation Underground explosions Resource assessment Underground mining Mineral deposits Strategic materials BT: Economic geology Mine wastes NT: Broken Hill type deposits Mineral exploration BT: Wastes Concealed deposits BT: Exploration NT: Coal wastes Cyprus type deposits NT: Base metal exploration Mine spoil heaps Diamond deposits Geochemical exploration Mine waters Disseminated deposits Gold exploration Red mud Epigenetic deposits Marine mineral exploration Tailings Hydrothermal deposits Mineral discovery RT: Effluents Hypogene deposits Oil shale exploration Mine rehabilitation Magmatic deposits Uranium exploration Mining Metalliferous deposits RT: Exploration history Muck pile Metamorphic deposits Exploration philosophy Pollution Mineral occurrence Exploration potential Residues Mineral sands Fluorescence surveys Revegetation Mineral zoning Geophysical surveys Waste disposal Mississippi Valley type Indicator minerals

132 BT=Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Mineral valuation RT: Energy policy Mineral resource maps Mining geology Incentives BT: Mineral resources Trenching Legislation Resource maps Petroleum legislation UF: Deep lead maps Mineral fibres Royalties BT: Fibrous minerals Taxation Mineral resources Industrial minerals BT: Natural resources NT: Artificial mineral fibres Mineral prices NT: Aluminium resources Asbestos BT: Mineral statistics Copper resources Crocidolite Prices Gold resources RT: Actinolite Indicated mineral resources Serpentine Mineral processing Industrial mineral resources Silicate refractories BT: Recovery Inferred mineral resources NT: Beneficiation Iron resources Mineral genesis Briquetting Lead resources BT: Mineralogy Byproducts Measured mineral resources NT: Authigenesis Coal preparation Mineral resource maps Epigenesis Comminution Nickel resources Hydration reaction Continuous processes Offshore mineral resources Ore genesis Continuous weighing Ore reserves Paragenesis Entrainment Silver resources Syngenesis Fluxes Tin resources RT: Epigenetic deposits Mineral processing Zinc resources Geobarometry equipment RT: Depletion Geothermometry Mineral separation Mineral conservation Magmatic differentiation Ore pretreatment Resource assessment Mineral thermometry Process water Petrogenesis Refining Mineral rights Sedimentary ores Scrubbing BT: Mineral policy Stratabound deposits RT: Dewatering (separation) RT: Land access Stratiform deposits Earth sciences Syngenetic deposits Extractive metallurgy Mineral sand mining Volcanogenic deposits Filtration BT: Mineral sands Flow sheets Mining Mineral identification Material balance RT: Beach sands BT: Mineralogy Oil shale processing Dredging Ore mineralogy UF: Beach mining Mineral inclusions Pelleting Beach sand mining BT: Mineralogy Thickening UF: Ore concentration Mineral sands Mineral industry Ore dressing BT: Mineral deposits BT: Mining industry Primary metallurgy Sands NT: Mineral statistics Upgrading NT: Ilmenite sands RT: Coal industry Mineral sand mining Petroleum industry Mineral processing equipment Monazite sands Steel industry BT: Equipment Rutile sands Mineral processing Zircon sands Mineral leases NT: Furnaces RT: Beach sands Non-Preferred lnline pressure jig Heavy mineral sampling USE: Mining leases Liners UF: Beach concentrate Mineral separators Black sand Mineral legislation RT: Comminution equipment Heavy metal deposits Non-Preferred Vibrators (machinery) Heavy mineral deposits USE: Mining legislation Heavy mineral sands Mineral processing research Metalliferous sands Mineral matter Non-Preferred BT: Coal constituents USE: Mineral research Mineral separation BT: Mineral processing Mineral prospect Mineral occurrence NT: Decantation Non-Preferred BT: Mineral deposits Dewatering (separation) RT: Diamond occurrence USE: Mineral deposits Dialysis Mineralization Mineral research Dielectric separation BT: Research and development Dry separation Mineral physics RT: Mining research Electrostatic separation BT: Geophysics UF: Mineral processing research Filtration Flotation Mineral policy Mineral reserves Gravity separation BT: Government policy Non-Preferred Magnetic separation NT: Mineral rights USE: Ore reserves Mineral concentrates Mining legislation Mineral separators

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 133 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Ore sorting Mineral thermometry Isotropic minerals Pulps BT: Geothermometry Magnetic minerals Wet separation NT: Fluid inclusions Metalliferous minerals RT: Scrubbing RT: Mineral genesis Non metalliferous minerals Size classification Nonsilicate minerals UF: Concentrating Mineral valuation Opaque minerals BT: Evaluation Ore minerals Mineral separators Exploration Oxide minerals BT: Mineral processing RT: Expert reports Phosphate minerals equipment Mineral economics Primary minerals Mineral separation Mineral exploration Radioactive minerals NT: Dialyzers Ore reserve estimation Secondary minerals Electrostatic separators Project development Sulphate minerals Flotation equipment Prospect evaluation Sulphur Gravity separators UF: Prospect valuation Synthetic minerals Magnetic separators RT: Sulphide minerals RT: Scrubbers Mineral zoning Size classifiers BT: Mineral deposits Miners phthisis UF: Concentrators RT: Mineralogy Non-Preferred Ore genesis USE: Respiratory diseases Mineral series UF: Zoning (mineralogy) BT: Mineral chemistry Mines Mineralization BT: Mining Mineral signatures BT: Mineralogy NT: Abandoned mines BT: Remote sensing NT: Albitization Antimony mines Amphibolization Bauxite mines Mineral springs Calcification Coal mines BT: Springs Symplectite Copper mines RT: Exploration potential Diamond mines Mineral statistics Mineral occurrence Gold mines BT: Industry statistics Iron mines Mineral industry Mineralogy Lead mines NT: Aluminium production BT: Geology Mine inspection Coal statistics NT: Bulk mineralogy Nickel mines Copper production . Chemography Potash mines Gold production Clay mineralogy Silver mines Industrial material statistics Composition Tin mines Iron production Fractures Tungsten mines Lead production Grain morphology Uranium mines Metal prices Inclusions Zinc mines Mine production Mineragraphy RT: Decommissioning Mineral prices Mineral alteration Mine models Nickel production Mineral assemblage Pits Silver production Mineral genesis Quarries Tin production Mineral identification Uranium production Mineral inclusions Minette Zinc production Mineral textures Non-Preferred RT: Exports Mineralization USE: Lamprophyre Imports Minerals Mineral economics Optical mineralogy Minicomputers Non ferrous metal industry Ore mineralogy Non-Preferred Statistics Reaction rim USE: Computers UF: Metal statistics RT: Crystallography Fluid inclusions Mining Mineral streaking Mineral zoning NT: Autogenous mining BT: Rock textures Mohs scale Blasthole mining Ore petrology Coal mining Mineral tenements Petrology Drive mining Non-Preferred Phenocryst Face preparation (mining) USE: Exploration licences Gloryhole mining Minerals Grade control Mineral textures BT: Mineralogy Hydraulic mining BT: Mineralogy NT: Accessory minerals In situ recovery NT: Eutectic texture Carbonate minerals Industrial sand mining Exsolution textures Detrital minerals Marine mining Lineation Ferromagnesian minerals Mine development Relict texture Fibrous minerals Mine planning UF: Colloform Host minerals Mine rehabilitation Indicator minerals Mine safety Industrial minerals Mine subsidence

134 BT-Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT"-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Mine support Mine ventilation Mining practice Mineral sand mining RT: Civil engineering Non-Preferred Mines Declines USE: Mining Mining engineering Engineering geology Mining equipment Haul roads Mining research Mining history Mining geology BT: Mining Mining research Mining research Research and development Mucking Rock mechanics RT: Mineral research Opal mining Safety engineering Mining engineering Pillar recovery UF: Mining technology Rock mechanics Recovery Selective mining Mining equipment Mining technology Small scale operations BT: Equipment Non-Preferred Surface mining Mining USE: Mining engineering Trackless mining RT: Diesel powered equipment Underground mining Mobile plant Mining towns RT: Chutes BT: Community development Development Mining geology RT: Infrastructure Dilution (ore) BT: Economic geology Drainage (dewatering) RT: Engineering geology Mining training Dredging Grade control BT: Education Drilling Mine exploration Earth sciences Mineral exploration Minium Excavation Mining engineering BT: Lead minerals Exploration Underground mapping Lead oxides Materials handling UF: Hard rock geology Oxide minerals Mine drainage Mine geology UF: Red lead Mine production Mine shafts Mining geophysics Minor elements Mine ventilation Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Mine wastes USE: Geophysical surveys USE: Trace elements Mine waters Shaft sinking Mining history Miocene Water influx BT: Mining BT: Neogene Winzing Science history UF: Mining methods RT: Exploration history Miogeosyncline Mining practice BT: Geosynclines Mining industry RT: Eugeosyncline Mining acts BT: Primary industry Exogeosyncline Non-Preferred NT: Coal industry USE: Mining legislation Mineral industry MIP surveys Non ferrous metal industry Non-Preferred Mining agreements USE: Magnetic IP surveys BT: Contractual arrangements Mining leases NT: Farm in BT: Licences Mise a Ia masse methods Farm out RT: Farm in BT: Electrical survey methods Joint ventures Farm out Mise a Ia masse surveys RT: Cash bidding Joint ventures Non disclosure agreements Mining legislation Mise a Ia masse surveys Sole risk UF: Mineral claims BT: Electrical surveys Mineral leases NT: Mise a Ia masse methods Mining claims Mining claims UF: Applied potential surveys Non-Preferred USE: Mining leases Mining legislation Misfires BT: Legislation BT: Blasting Mining code Mineral policy BT: Codes RT: Mining code Mississippi Valley type deposits RT: Mining legislation Mining leases BT: Mineral deposits Petroleum legislation RT: Ore genesis Mining engineering UF: Mineral legislation BT: Engineering Mining acts Mixed base crudes Mining Offshore mineral legislation Non-Preferred NT: Caisson USE: Crude oil Drainage (dewatering) Mining methods Headframes Non-Preferred Mixers Highwall USE: Mining Non-Preferred Mine hoisting USE: Mixing Mining policy Mine lighting BT: Government policy Mine shafts Mine transportation RT: Energy policy

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 135 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Mixing Modifiers Molecular weight NT: Aeration Non-Preferred BT: Chemistry Agitation USE: Additives RT: Atomic weight Blending Chemical properties Deaeration Modifying reagents UF: Relative molecular mass RT: Grinding Non-Preferred UF: Mixers USE: Flotation reagents Mollusca BT: Invertebrata Mizzonite Modulus of elasticity Invertebrate palaeontology BT: Scapolite Non-Preferred NT: Bivalvia USE: Elastic theory Cephalopoda MMI technique Gastropoda BT: Geochemistry Moho Monoplacophora Sampling BT: Solid earth geophysics Polyplacophora RT: Geochemical sampling RT: Earth lithosphere Scaphopoda UF: Mobile metal ion technique Earth mantle Seismic discontinuity Molten salt reactors MMR surveys UF: M discontinuity Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Mohorovicic discontinuity USE: Nuclear reactors USE: Resistivity surveys Mohorovicic discontinuity Molybdenite Mobile belt Non-Preferred BT: Molybdenum minerals BT: Structural geology USE: Moho Sulphide minerals RT! Orogenic belt NT: Ferrimolybdite Mohr circles Mobile crushers BT: Graphic presentation Molybdenum BT: Crushers Stress measurement BT: Metalliferous deposits RT: Mobile plant Non ferrous metals Mohs scale NT: Molybdenum deposits Mobile laboratories BT: Hardness tests Molybdenum isotopes BT: Laboratories RT: Mineralogy Molybdenum minerals

Mobile metal ion technique Moisture Molybdenum deposits Non-Preferred BT: Earth atmosphere BT: Metalliferous deposits USE: MMI technique NT: Free moisture Molybdenum Inherent moisture Mobile metal ions Moisture content Molybdenum isotopes BT: Geochemistry Moisture meters BT: Molybdenum RT: Humidity Mobile plant Molybdenum minerals BT: Equipment Moisture content BT: Metalliferous minerals RT: Mining equipment BT: Moisture Molybdenum Mobile crushers RT: Water content NT: Molybdenite

Mobile power generation Moisture meters Monadnocks Non-Preferred BT: Moisture BT: Geomorphology USE: Electrical power generation UF: Hygrometers RT: lnselbergs

Modelling Molasse Monazite Non-Preferred BT: Sedimentary facies BT: Thorium minerals USE: Simulation RT: Flysch NT: Monazite sands RT: Rare earth elements Models Molecular sieves NT: Earth models BT: Membranes Monazite sands Four dimensional models BT: Mineral sands Geological models Molecular spectra Monazite Philosophical models BT: Emission spectra Physical models Monchiquite Simulation Molecular spectroscopy Non-Preferred Three dimensional models BT: Spectroscopy USE: Lamprophyre Two dimensional models NT: Colorimetry Type curve Infrared spectroscopy Monitor (hydraulic) RT: Computer simulation Molecular structure BT: Hydraulic mining Electrical models X ray diffraction Geophysical models Monitoring Mathematical models Molecular structure NT: Condition monitoring BT: Molecular spectroscopy Tracers Modified Mercalli scale RT: Atomic structure RT: Control systems Non-Preferred Pollution control USE: Mercalli scale

136 BT:...Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Monoaromatic steroids Lunar crust Foundry practice Non-Preferred Lunar dust Refractory materials USE: Naphthenoaromatic Lunar structure Sands hydrocarbons Moonstone Moulding sands Monoclines BT: Feldspars Non-Preferred BT: Dip Gemstones USE: Foundry sands RT: Regional dip UF: Hornoclines Mooring systems Mound springs Non-Preferred BT: Springs Monoclinic system USE: Anchoring systems RT: Artesian discharge BT: Crystal systems Artesian water Moraines Hot springs Monoplacophora BT: Glacial features BT: Mollusca Landforms Mountain building NT: Ground moraines Non-Preferred Monotremata Lateral moraines USE: Orogeny BT: Mammalia Longitudinal moraines UF: Prototheria Medial moraines Mountain glacier Terminal moraines Non-Preferred Monsoon RT: Boulders USE: Glaciers BT: Weather Glacial till RT: Tropical regions Glaciers Mountains Gravel BT: Geomorphology Montan wax Sands BT: Waxes UF: Eskers Muck pile RT: Lignite Glacial moraines BT: Mucking Kames RT: Mine wastes Monte Carlo method BT: Statistical analysis MORB Mucking BT: Oceanic crust BT: Mining Montmorillonite UF: Midocean ridge basalt NT: Muck pile BT: Clay minerals RT: Loaders NT: Saponite Morphologic evolution RT: Bentonite BT: Evolution Mucking machines Halloysite Non-Preferred Illite Morphology USE: Loaders Kaolinite BT: Earth sciences UF: Smectite RT: Crystallography Mud (drilling) Meteorites Non-Preferred Monumental stone USE: Drilling muds Non-Preferred Mortars USE: Ornamental stone BT: Cements Mud additives NT: Refractory mortars BT: Drilling muds Monzonite RT: Grouting BT: Intermediate igneous rocks Plaster Mud cake Plutonic rocks BT: Drilling muds RT: Acid igneous rocks Mosaics UF: Mud filter cake Adamellite Non-Preferred Diorite USE: Photomosaics Mud circulation Syenite BT: Mud systems UF: Monzonite porphyry Moss agate NT: Lost circulation Nepheline monzonite Non-Preferred RT: Drilling fluids Pyroxene monzonite USE: Agate Drilling muds UF: Well circulation Monzonite porphyry Mossbauer spectroscopy Non-Preferred BT: Spectroscopy Mud column USE: Monzonite BT: Drilling muds Motor vehicles Moon BT: Vehicles Mud conditioning BT: Extraterrestrial satellites NT: Tyres BT: Mud properties NT: Lunar atmosphere RT: Transportation Lunar environment RT: Drilling muds UF: Mud cyclones Lunar geology Moulding clay Mud degassing Lunar photography BT: Clays Lunar topography Mud desanding Origin of the moon Moulding materials Mud cracks RT: Earth (planet) BT: Industrial materials BT: Sedimentary structures Extraterrestrial geology NT: Foundry sands Lunar craters RT: Clays

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 137 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Mud cyclones Mudstone Multiple reflectance Non-Preferred BT: Shale Non-Preferred USE: Mud conditioning RT: Argillaceous rocks USE: Multiple reflections Claystone Mud degassing UF: Argillite Multiple reflections Non-Preferred Lutite BT: Seismic interpretation USE: Mud conditioning UF: Multiple Mudstone conglomerate Multiple reflectance Mud desanding Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Conglomerate Multiple seam mining USE: Mud conditioning BT: Coal mining Muffle furnaces Mud filter cake BT: Furnaces Multispectral imagery Non-Preferred RT: Metallurgical furnaces BT: Imagery USE: Mud cake NT: Aerial multispectral Mugearite scanning Mud filtrates Non-Preferred BT: Drilling muds USE: Andesite Multivariate analysis BT: Statistical analysis Mud gas analyzers Mullion structure NT: Clustering BT: Gas detectors Non-Preferred Discriminant analysis USE: Slickenside Factor analysis Mud logging BT: Logging Mullite Muscovite Well logging Non-Preferred BT: Mica NT: Mud logs USE: Porcellanite NT: Damourite Fuchsite Mud logs Mullock Phengite BT: Logs Non-Preferred RT: Biotite Mud logging USE: Mine wastes UF: Potash mica UF: Gas logs White mica Multiband aerial photography Mud lumps BT: Aerial photography Muscovite schist Non-Preferred BT: Mica schist USE: Shale diapirs Multichannel spectrometers BT: Spectrometers Museology Mud mounds Non-Preferred BT: Bioherms Multielement analysis USE: Specimen collecting RT: Micrite BT: Chemical analysis RT: Trace analysis Museums Mud properties BT: Infrastructure BT: Drilling muds Multilayer reservoirs RT: Archives NT: Mud conditioning Non-Preferred Ubraries RT: Density USE: Layered reservoirs Drilling fluids Mylonite Well logging Multimedia BT: Metamorphic rocks BT: Computers RT: Blastomylonite Mud systems Graphic presentation Cataclastic rocks BT: Drilling muds RT: Computer applications NT: Mud circulation Computer graphics Mylonite gneiss Sludge pits BT: Gneiss RT: Drilling fluids Multinational companies Pumps BT: Companies Mylonitic textures Rotary drills RT: Foreign investment Non-Preferred USE: Rock textures Mud volcanoes Multiphase pipelines BT: Volcanoes BT: Pipelines Mylonitization RT: Pipeline transportation BT: Rock deformation Mudding off BT: Well control Multiple Myrmekite RT: Drilling muds Non-Preferred BT: Feldspars Killed wells USE: Multiple reflections Oligoclase RT: Pegmatite Mudflows Multiple completion Non-Preferred BT: Well completion Myrmekitic texture USE: Lalldslides RT: Offshore completion Non-Preferred UF: Dual zone completion USE: Rock textures

Multiple land use BT: Land use planning

138 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Native lead Hydrocarbons N BT: Lead Liquefied petroleum gas Lead minerals Methane Reservoir fluids Nannofossils Underground storage Non-Preferred Native mercury BT: Mercury (metal) UF: Condensate gas USE: Microfossils Mercury minerals Formation gas Nannoplankton UF: Quicksilver Natural gas conversion Non-Preferred Native platinum BT: Gas processing USE: Microplankton BT: Platinum NT: OXCO process Platinum minerals RT: Natural gas liquid recovery Nansen bottle Natural gas liquids BT: Water sampling Native silver BT: Silver Natural gas fields Naphthalene Silver minerals BT: Natural gas BT: Aromatic hydrocarbons NT: Giant gas fields Native tin RT: Gas reservoirs Naphthas BT: Tin Gas wells BT: Refined hydrocarbons Tin minerals Natural gas resources Underground storage Naphthene base crudes Native title UF: Gas fields Non-Preferred USE: Crude oil BT: Aboriginal land rights RT: Legislation Natural gas liquid recovery BT: Natural gas liquids Naphthenes BT: Aliphatic hydrocarbons Natrolite Reservoir performance BT: Zeolite minerals RT: Natural gas conversion RT: Scofecite Naphthenoaromatic hydrocarbons BT: Hydrocarbons Natural gas liquid reserves Natron BT: Natural gas liquids UF: Monoaromatic steroids Evaporite minerals Natural gas reserves Triaromatic steroids BT: RT: Trona Natural gas liquids Nappe Natural asphalts BT: Natural gas BT: Structural geology UF: Allochthon Non-Preferred NT: Natural gas liquid recovery USE: Asphalts Natural gas liquid reserves Overthrust nappe RT: Natural gas conversion Thrust nappe Natural bitumens Natural gas resources Non-Preferred Natural gas treatment National heritage USE: Bitumens UF: Condensates SN: Heritage, under both State Gas condensate and Federal jurisdiction Natural depletion NT: Mine heritage Non-Preferred Natural gas pipelines RT: Environmental protection USE: Primary recovery· Geological monuments Non-Preferred USE: Gas pipeHnes Natural fuel reactors National parks Natural gas prices BT: Environmental protection Non-Preferred USE: Nuclear reactors BT: Petroleum statistics NT: Marine parks Prices RT: Aboriginal land rights Land use planning Natural gas BT: Gases Natural gas production Regional reserves Petroleum BT: Natural gas UF: Reserves (natural Petroleum production reserves) NT: Dissolved gas Dry gas Gas reservoirs Natural gas reserve estimation Native antimony BT: Antimony Liquefied natural gas Non-Preferred Natural gas fields USE: Petroleum reserve estimation Antimony minerals Natural gas Hquids Natural gas reserves Native arsenic Natural gas production Natural gas resources BT: Natural gas resources BT: Arsenic Natural gas treatment Petroleum reserves Arsenic minerals Sour gas NT: Gross gas reserves Sweet gas Natural gas Hquid reserves Native copper Wet gas Recoverable gas reserves BT: Copper RT: Gas reservoirs Copper minerals RT: Crudeoil Gas caps UF: Gas reserves Gas pipeHnes Native gold BT: Gold Gas sand Natural gas reservoirs Gas storage Non-Preferred NT: Nugget HeHum USE: Gas reservoirs

USE directs the user to the preferred term 139 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Natural gas resources Natural water drive Nepheline BT: Natural gas Non-Preferred BT: Feldspathoids Petroleum resources USE: Water drive NT: Natural gas reserves Nepheline basalt RT: Natural gas fields Nautiloidea BT: Basalt Natural gas liquids BT: Cephalopoda UF: Olivine nephelinite

Natural gas treatment Navigation Nepheline latite BT: Natural gas BT: Spatial science Non-Preferred NT: Carbon dioxide removal NT: GPS USE: Latite RT: Gas processing Navigation track maps Natural gas liquids Satellite navigation Nepheline monzonite RT: Cartography Non-Preferred Natural hazards Radar USE: Monzonite NT: Earthquakes UF: Loran Fires Shoran Nepheline syenite Floods Navigation track maps BT: Industrial materials Landslides Syenite Storms BT: Location maps UF: Nepheline syenite Navigation Tsunamis porphyry RT: Disaster relief Nebula Forecasting BT: Stars Nepheline syenite porphyry Property damage RT: Galaxy Non-Preferred Volcanism Nebular hypothesis USE: Nepheline syenite Warning systems Solar system UF: Geological hazards Nephelinite BT: Intermediate igneous rocks Nebular hypothesis Volcanic rocks Natural history BT: Astronomy RT: Basalt BT: Natural science RT: Cosmology Basic igneous rocks RT: Earth sciences Nebula Origin of the earth Natural levee Nephrite BT: Amphiboles Non-Preferred Neck (volcanic) Jade USE: Levees Non-Preferred RT: Actinolite USE: Volcanic vents Natural resources Gemstones NT: Coal resources Neodymium Tremolite Energy resources BT: Rare earth elements UF: Greenstone (mineral) Mineral resources NT: Neodymium isotopes Kidney stone Onshore resources Petroleum resources Neodymium isotopes Neptune Reserves BT: Neodymium BT: Planets Resource assessment Radioactive isotopes Resource development Neptunium Resource economics Neodymium samarium dating BT: Actinide series Resource maps BT: Radiometric dating Water resources RT: Neodymium strontium Neptunium isotopes RT: Depletion dating BT: Radioactive isotopes UF: Resources Neodymium strontium dating Neritic zone Natural science BT: Radiometric dating BT: Littoral zone BT: Science RT: Neodymium samarium dating RT: Continental shelf NT: Agriculture Sea floor Astronomy Neogene Botany BT: Tertiary Net heat value Cosmology NT: Miocene Non-Preferred Crystallography Pliocene USE: Calorific value Earth sciences Neon Environmental science Net present value BT: Rare gases Geography Non-Preferred Natural history NT: Neon compounds USE: Discounted cash flow Neon isotopes Oceanography Origin of life Net smelter return Zoology Neon compounds BT: Mineral economics BT: Neon RT: Physical science RT: Mineral concentrates

Natural selection Neon isotopes Network deposit BT: Neon BT: Evolution Non-Preferred USE: Stockwork

140 BT=Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Networks (computer) Nickel Nickel ochre Non-Preferred BT: Base metals Non-Preferred USE: Computer networks NT: Nickel converters USE: Annabergite Nickel deposits Neural networks Nickel isotopes Nickel ores BT: Information technology Nickel minerals BT: Nickel RT: Artificial intelligence Nickel mines NT: Annabergite Internet Nickel ores Lateritic nickel ores Nickel oxides Pentlandite Neutral refractories Nickel production RT: Nickel deposits Non-Preferred Nickel refining USE: Refractory materials Nickel reserves Nickel oxides Nickel resources BT: Nickel Neutralizing Nickel smelting BT: Chemical processes Nickel sulphides Nickel production BT: Mineral statistics Neutron activation analysis Nickel antimony glance Nickel Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Neutron spectroscopy USE: Ullmannite Nickel refining BT: Nickel Neutron counters Nickel bloom Refining Non-Preferred Non-Preferred NT: Sherritt process USE: Scintillometers USE: Annabergite Nickel reserves Neutron detectors Nickel cadmium batteries BT: Nickel Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Nickel resources USE: Scintillometers USE: Storage batteries Ore reserves

Neutron gamma logs Nickel converters Nickel resources Non-Preferred BT: Converters BT: Mineral resources USE: Radioactivity logs Nickel Nickel NT: Nickel reserves Neutron irradiation Nickel deposits BT: Irradiation BT: Base metal deposits Nickel smelting Nickel BT: Nickel Neutron logging NT: Lateritic nickel deposits Smelting Non-Preferred RT: Nickel ores NT: Nickel matte USE: Radioactivity logging Nickel glance Nickel steel Neutron logs Non-Preferred BT: Alloy steels Non-Preferred USE: Gersdorffite UF: Ferronickel USE: Radioactivity logs Nickel isotopes Nickel sulphides Neutron neutron logs BT: Nickel BT: Nickel Non-Preferred USE: Radioactivity logs Nickel matte Nickeliferous ochre BT: Matte Non-Preferred Neutron spectrometers Nickel smelting USE: Lateritic nickel deposits Non-Preferred USE: Radiation counters Nickel minerals Nickeline BT: Metalliferous minerals Non-Preferred Neutron spectroscopy Nickel USE: Niccolite BT: Atomic spectroscopy NT: Annabergite RT: Microanalysis Chloanthite Nicol prism Qualitative analysis Garnierite BT: Microscopes Radioactivation analysis Gersdorffite RT: Polarized light UF: Neutron activation analysis Linnaeite UF: Crossed nicols Nuclear radiation Millerite spectroscopy Niccolite Niobite Pentlandite Non-Preferred Neve Ullmannite USE: Columbite BT: Glacial features Viola rite RT: Cirque Zaratite Niobium RT: Sulphide minerals BT: Non ferrous metals Niccolite NT: Columbite BT: Arsenic minerals Nickel mines Niobium isotopes Nickel minerals BT: Mines UF: Columbium UF: Kupfemickel Nickel Nickeline Niobium isotopes BT: Niobium

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 141 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Nitrate deposits Nitrogen oxides Nomographs BT: Evaporite deposits BT: Nitrogen Non-Preferred NT: Potassium nitrate deposits USE: Nomograms RT: Nitrate minerals Nitroglycerine UF: Caliche (nitrate) BT: Explosives Non disclosure agreements BT: Contractual arrangements Nitrate minerals NMR spectroscopy RT: Mining agreements BT: Non metalliferous minerals BT: Spectroscopy Petroleum agreements RT: Nitrate deposits UF: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Non ferrous metal industry Nitrates BT: Mining industry BT: Nitrogen compounds Nobelium RT: Mineral statistics RT: Nitrogen BT: Actinide series Non ferrous metals Nitre Nobelium isotopes BT: Metals Non-Preferred BT: Radioactive isotopes NT: Actinide series USE: Potassium nitrate deposits Alkali metals Noble gases Alkaline earth metals Nitric acid Non-Preferred Aluminium BT: Inorganic acids USE: Rare gases Antimony Arsenic Nitrification Noble metals Base metals BT: Chemical processes Non-Preferred Bismuth Nitrogen cycle USE: Precious metals Boron RT: Eutrophication Cadmium Water pollution Noise Chromium NT: Noise reduction Cobalt Nitrogen Gallium BT: · Elements Noise (electromagnetic) Hafnium Gases Non-Preferred Indium NT: Liquid nitrogen USE: Background noise Manganese Nitrogen compounds Mercury (metal) Nitrogen cycle Noise control Molybdenum Nitrogen inorganic Non-Preferred Niobium compounds USE: Noise reduction Precious metals Nitrogen isotopes Rare earth elements Nitrogen oxides Noise elimination Rhenium RT: Nitrates Non-Preferred Tantalum USE: Noise reduction Tellurium Nitrogen balance Thallium Non-Preferred Noise reduction Tin USE: Nitrogen cycle BT: Industrial engineering Titanium Noise Tungsten Nitrogen compounds RT: Industrial health Uranium BT: Chemical compounds Pollution Vanadium Nitrogen Safety engineering NT: Nitrates UF: Noise control Non marine environment Nitrogen inorganic Noise elimination BT: Sedimentary environments compounds Noise suppression NT: Aeolian environment Organic nitriles Fluvial environment Urea Noise suppression Lacustrine environment Non-Preferred Terrestrial environment Nitrogen cycle USE: Noise reduction BT: Biochemical cycles Non metalliferous deposits Nitrogen Nomenclature BT: Mineral deposits NT: Nitrification NT: CIPW classification NT: Barite deposits Nitrogen fixation Dictionaries Evaporite deposits UF: Nitrogen balance Gazetteers Graphite deposits Geographic names Talc deposits Nitrogen fixation Glossaries RT: Non metalliferous minerals BT: Nitrogen cycle Structural nomenclature RT: Classification Non metalliferous minerals Nitrogen inorganic compounds Stratigraphic nomenclature BT: Minerals BT: Nitrogen Taxonomy NT: Borate minerals Nitrogen compounds UF: Terminology Clay minerals NT: Ammonia Evaporite minerals Nomograms Halogen minerals Nitrogen isotopes BT: Graphic presentation Nitrate minerals BT: Nitrogen UF: Nomographs Selenium minerals Silica minerals

142 BT=Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Silicate minerals Normal gravity Nuclear explosives Zeolite minerals Non-Preferred BT: Nuclear energy RT: Industrial minerals USE: Gravity NT: Nuclear explosion detection Non metalliferous deposits RT: Nuclear weapons Normal logging Non sequence Non-Preferred Nuclear fission Non-Preferred USE: Resistivity logging BT: Nuclear energy USE: Diastem RT: Fissionable materials Normal logs UF: Fission Noncohesive soils Non-Preferred BT: Soils USE: Resistivity logs Nuclear fracturing NT: Bulldust BT: Fracturing (formation) RT: Angle of repose Normal projection RT: Hydraulic fracturing Gravel BT: Cartography Sands Nuclear fuel cycle UF: Cohesionless soils Normal slip faults BT: Nuclear energy Granular soils Non-Preferred Noncoking coal USE: Normal faults Nuclear fuel elements BT: Coal BT: Nuclear reactors RT: Coking coal Normal stress UF: Steaming coal BT: Stress Nuclear fuels Thermal coal BT: Fissionable materials Northern lights Nuclear reactors Nonconformity Non-Preferred NT: Plutonium Non-Preferred USE: Aurora Uranium USE: Unconformity Nozzel process (uranium) Nuclear fusion Nondestructive testing BT: Uranium enrichment BT: Nuclear energy BT: Materials tests RT: Plasmas (physics) RT: Destructive testing Nuclear debate Nuclear geology Hardness tests BT: Government policy RT: Nuclear energy Non-Preferred Nonelectrical detonators Nuclear proliferation USE: Isotope geochemistry BT: Detonators Nuclear regulation RT: Electrical detonation Nuclear hazards Nuclear electric power generation Non-Preferred Nonproductive holes Non-Preferred USE: Radiation hazards Non-Preferred USE: Nuclear power generation Nuclear logging USE: Nonproductive wells Nuclear emulsion counters Non-Preferred Nonproductive wells BT: Radiation counters USE: Radioactivity logging BT: Wells RT: Exploratory wells Nuclear energy Nuclear logs Oil wells BT: Energy Non-Preferred UF: Dry holes NT: Nuclear explosives USE: Radioactivity logs Nonproductive holes Nuclear fission Nuclearfuel cycle Nuclear magnetic resonance Nonsilicate minerals Nuclear fusion spectroscopy BT: Minerals Nuclear power generation Non-Preferred Nuclear proliferation USE: NMR spectroscopy Nordmarkite Nuclear reactions Non-Prefe"ed Nuclear reactors Nuclear magnetism logs USE: Syenite Nuclear weapons BT: Radioactivity logs RT: Nuclear debate RT: Magnetic properties No rite Uranium fuel cycle BT: Basic igneous rocks UF: Atomic energy Nuclear physics Gabbro Nuclear power BT: Physics NT: Quartz norite RT: Nuclear engineering RT: Hypersthene gabbro Nuclear engineering Plutonic rocks BT: Engineering Nuclear power RT: Nuclear physics Non-Preferred Normal distribution Nuclear power generation USE: Nuclear energy Non-Preferred Nuclear reactors USE: Statistical distributions UF: Nuclear reactor control Nuclear power generation Nuclear reactor engineering BT: Electrical power generation Normal faults Nuclear energy BT: Faults Nuclear explosion detection RT: Decommissioning RT: Listric faults BT: Nuclear explosives Nuclear engineering UF: Gravity fault UF: Nuclear electric power Normal slip faults generation

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 143 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Nuclear power plants Nuclear fuel elements Thermonuclear power Nuclear fuels 0 generation Reactor cores RT: Heavy water Nuclear power plants Obduction Nuclear engineering BT: Plate tectonics Non-Preferred Oklo phenomenon Oceanic crust USE: Nuclear power generation UF: Atomic reactors RT: Nuclear proliferation Beryllium moderated reactors Obituaries BoiHng water reactors BT: Nuclear energy BT: History Ceramic fuel reactors RT: Nuclear debate RT: Biographies Nuclear weapons Converter reactors Enriched fuel reactors Oblique aerial photography Nuclear radiation Fission reactors BT: Aerial photography BT: Radiation Gas cooled reactors NT: Alpha radiation Graphite moderated reactors Observation wells Beta radiation Heavy water reactors BT: Reservoir performance Dosimetry Liquid metal cooled reactors Wells Gamma radiation Molten salt reactors RT: Reservoir engineering Radiation effects Natural fuel reactors Radiation hazards Nuclear research and test Observatories NT: Meteorological stations Radiation measuring reactors Seismological stations instruments Organic cooled reactors Radiation protection Organic moderated reactors Observed gravity Radioactive materials Process heat reactors Non-Preferred Radioactive properties (nuclear) RT: Emission spectra Sodium graphite reactors USE: Gravity Thermal reactors Geochemistry Obsidian Water cooled reactors Geophysics Non-Preferred Radioactive decay Water moderated reactors USE: Volcanic glass Radioactive isotopes Nuclear regulation Radioactivity surveys Occupational diseases BT: Legislation Solid earth geophysics Non-Preferred RT: Industrial safety UF: Radioactivity USE: Industrial health Nuclear debate Nuclear radiation spectroscopy Occupational health and safety Nuclear research and test reactors Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Neutron spectroscopy USE: Safety USE: Nuclear reactors Nuclear reactions Ocean basins BT: Nuclear energy Nuclear resonance magnetometers BT: Basins NT: Oklo phenomenon BT: Magnetometers Submarine topographic Radioactive decay features Nuclear wastes NT: Restricted basins Nuclear reactor accidents Non-Preferred RT: Coastal features Non-Preferred USE: Radioactive wastes Sedimentary basins USE: Nuclear reactor safety Submarine canyons Nuclear weapons Submarine trenches Nuclear reactor containment BT: Military applications Non-Preferred Nuclear energy Ocean bottom USE: Nuclear reactor safety RT: Nuclear explosives Non-Preferred Nuclear proliferation USE: Sea floor Nuclear reactor control Nuclear well logging Non-Preferred Ocean bottom topography Non-Preferred USE: Nuclear engineering Non-Preferred USE: Radioactivity logging USE: Sea floor Nuclear reactor engineering Nugget Ocean crust Non-Preferred BT: Native gold USE: Nuclear engineering Non-Preferred USE: Oceanic crust Numeric databases Nuclear reactor safety BT: Databases BT: Safety Ocean currents BT: Oceanic circulation RT: Radiation hazards Numerical data NT: Bottom currents Radiation protection BT: Data UF: Nuclear reactor accidents Density currents Nuclear reactor containment Numerical models Equatorial currents Non-Preferred Littoral currents Nuclear reactors USE: Mathematical models Turbidity currents BT: Nuclear energy Upwelling NT: Control rods Nunatak RT: Contourites Fast breeder reactors BT: Glacial features Tides

144 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Ocean deeps Sea floor spreading Pollution BT: Abyssal zone Submarine plains UF: Odours UF: Midocean ridges Ocean drilling program Odours Non-Preferred Oceanic trenches Non-Preferred USE: Work programmes Non-Preferred USE: Odour control USE: Submarine trenches Ocean floor Offroad vehicles Non-Preferred Oceanic zones Non-Preferred USE: Sea floor BT: Oceans USE: Haulage vehicles NT: Abyssal zone Ocean floor spreading Bathyal zone Offset wells Non-Preferred Benthonic zone Non-Preferred USE: Sea floor spreading Littoral zone USE: Development wells Pelagic zone Ocean island basalt Shallow water Offshore anchors Non-Preferred RT: Marine environment BT: Offshore structures USE: Oceanic crust Oceanography Offshore completion Ocean mining Oceanograp1lic charts BT: Well completion Non-Preferred BT: Maps NT: Subsea completion USE: Marine mining Oceanographic surveys Underwater completion UF: Bathymetric charts RT: Multiple completion Ocean sediments Fathograms Offshore drilling Non-Preferred Offshore drilling USE: Marine sediments Oceanographic surveys BT: Drilling BT: Marine surveys RT: Drill ships Ocean surface Oceanography Drilling platforms BT: Oceanography NT: Oceanographic charts Offshore completion UF: Sea surface RT: Geophysical surveys Offshore structures Hydrographic surveys Oil recovery Ocean tides UF: Marine drilling Non-Preferred Oceanography Underwater drilling USE: Tide~ BT: Natural science NT: Bathymetry Offshore mineral legislation Ocean waves Convection Non-Preferred BT: Water waves Eustacy USE: Mining legislation NT: Tsunamis Ocean surface RT: Beach erosion Oceanic circulation Offshore mineral resources Breakwaters Oceanographic surveys BT: Mineral resources Tides Oceans Offshore resources Palaeoceanography Oceanic circulation Submarine topographic Offshore mining BT: Oceanography features Non-Preferred NT: El Nino effect RT: Earth sciences USE: Marine mining Ocean currents Marine geology Tides Oceanic zones Offshore operations SN: Operations/exploration/ Oceanic crust Oceans business activities taking place in a BT: Earth crust BT: Earth hydrosphere country other than the home country NT: MORB Oceanography of the organisation. RT: Basalt NT: Oceanic zones BT: Development Continental crust Territorial waters RT: Foreign investment Obduction RT: Coastal features International agreements Ophiolites Sea water UF: Overseas operations UF: Ocean crust Surface waters Ocean island basalt Offshore petroleum OIB Ochres BT: Petroleum Sima Non-Preferred USE: Pigment minerals Offshore petroleum legislation Oceanic plateaus Non-Preferred BT: Submarine topographic Odometers USE: Petroleum legislation features BT: Distance measuring equipment Offshore petroleum resources Oceanic ridges BT: Offshore resources BT: Submarine topographic Odour control Petroleum resources features BT: Environmental management RT: Marine geology RT: Activated carbon Offshore pipelines Plate tectonics Air pollution control Non-Preferred Rift valleys Airborne wastes USE: Underwater pipelines

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 145 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Offshore production Oil fields Oil reserves BT: Petroleum production BT: Crude oil BT: Oil resources NT: Giant oil fields Petroleum reserves Offshore production methods RT: Oil resources NT: Gross oil reserves BT: Petroleum production Petroleum resources Recoverable oil reserves methods NT: Subsea production Oil filters Oil reservoirs RT: Production platforms BT: Filters BT: Petroleum reservoirs UF: Deep water production NT: Oil water interface Oil gas ratio Oil window Offshore resources Non-Preferred RT: Fractured reservoirs BT: Petroleum resources USE: Gas oil ratio Gas reservoirs NT: Offshore mineral resources Producing zone Oil industry Offshore petroleum resources Reservoir performance Non-Preferred RT: Onshore resources Water flooding Resource assessment USE: Petroleum industry Water influx UF: Oil pools Oil liquid ratio Offshore structures BT: Petroleum engineering BT: Reservoir performance Oil resources NT: Oil water ratio Production engineering BT: Petroleum resources NT: Drilling platforms NT: Oil reserves Offshore anchors Oil pipelines RT: Oilfields BT: Petroleum pipelines Production platforms Oil shale RT: Anchoring systems Offshore drilling Oil pollution Oil sands BT: Pollution BT: Fossil fuels NT: Oil slicks Offshore surveys Sands Oil spillage Non-Preferred NT: Bituminous sands RT: Decontamination USE: Marine surveys RT: Petroleum resources UF: Petroleum pollution OIB Oil search Oil pools Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Oceanic crust USE: Petroleum exploration USE: Oil reservoirs Oil Oil seeds Oil prices BT: Petroleum BT: Renewable energy NT: Lubricating oil BT: Petroleum statistics RT: Synthetic fuels Prices RT: Crude oil Vegetable oils UF: Petroleum prices Oil analysis Oil production methods Oil seepages BT: Chemical analysis BT: Petroleum production BT: Petroleum occurrence methods RT: Coastal bitumens Oil appraisal wells NT: Oil production tests Gas seepages Non-Preferred RT: Oil recovery USE: Appraisal wells Oil shale Oil production tests BT: Shale Oil base muds BT: Oil production methods NT: Oil shale deposits BT: Drilling muds Oil shale petrology NT: Synthetic oil base muds Oil recovery Oil shale processing UF: Oil emulsion muds BT: Petroleum recovery Torbanite RT: Condensing steam drive RT: Carbonaceous shale Oil consumption Gas caps Crude oil BT: Petroleum consumption Gas liquid ratio Fossil fuels Gas recovery Kerogen Oil cut muds Offshore drilling Oil resources BT: Drilling muds Oil production methods Petroleum resources RT: Gas cut muds Primary recovery Shale oil Reservoir stimulation UF: Bituminous shale Oil emulsion muds Thermal recovery methods Non-Preferred Water drive Oil shale deposits USE: Oil base muds Water flooding BT: Oil shale UF: Crude oil recovery Oil exploration Oil shale exploration Non-Preferred Oil refining BT: Mineral exploration USE: Petroleum exploration Non-Preferred USE: Petroleum refining Oil shale geochemistry Oil field fluids Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Oil reserve estimation USE: Organic geochemistry USE: Reservoir fluids Non-Preferred USE: Petroleum reserve estimation

146 BT'-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Oil shale petrology Crude oil Olivine rock BT: Oil shale Drawdown Non-Preferred Organic petrology Exploratory wells USE: Dunite RT: Coal petrology Gas wells Nonproductive wells Oncolite Oil shale processing Plugging Non-Preferred BT: Oil shale Relief wells USE: Algal structures NT: Oil shale recovery Shut in wells RT: Mineral processing Stripper wells On lap Well completion Non-Preferred Oil shale recovery Well logging USE: Marine transgression BT: Oil shale processing Well servicing Well tests Onshore mineral resources Oil shows BT: Onshore resources BT: Hydrocarbon shows Oil window BT: Oil reservoirs Onshore petroleum resources Oil slick dispersion BT: Onshore resources BT: Oil slicks Oklo phenomenon RT: Chemical decontamination BT: Nuclear reactions Onshore resources RT: Nuclear reactors BT: Natural resources Oil slicks Uranium deposits NT: Onshore mineral resources BT: Oil pollution Onshore petroleum NT: Oil slick dispersion Oleanane resources RT: Marine pollution Non-Preferred RT: Offshore resources Oil spillage USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Resource assessment

Oil spillage Oligocene Onstream analysis BT: Oil pollution BT: Paleogene BT: Instrumental chemical RT: Oil slicks analysis Pollution Oligoclase RT: lnstream analysis BT: Plagioclase Oil storage NT: Myrmekite Ontogeny BT: Fuel storage Non-Preferred RT: Crude oil Oligoclase basalt USE: Evolution Gas storage Non-Preferred Tank farms USE: Alkali basalt Onychophora Underground storage BT: Arthropoda Olistolith Oil waste Non-Preferred Onyx Non-Preferred USE: Olistostrome BT: Gemstones USE: Waste oil RT: Chalcedony Olistostrome Oil water contact BT: Sedimentary structures Ooid Non-Preferred UF: Olistolith Non-Preferred USE: Oil water interface USE: Spherulite Olivine Oil water interface BT: Silicate minerals Oolite BT: Oil reservoirs NT: lddingsite Non-Preferred Reservoir engineering Peridot USE: Spherulite RT: Gas oil interface RT: Serpentine UF: Oil water contact UF: Chrysolite Oolitic limestone Fayalite BT: Limestone Oil water ratio Forsterite RT: Spherulite BT: Oil liquid ratio Tephroite Oolitic texture Oil well cements Olivine analcitite BT: Rock textures BT: Cements Non-Preferred RT: Pisolitic ores RT: Bituminous cements USE: Analcime basalt Gypsum cements Oozes Portland cements Olivine basalt BT: Marine sediments Retardants BT: Basalt RT: Marine geology RT: Picrite basalt Micrite Oil well drives UF: Calcareous ooze Non-Preferred Olivine gabbro Foraminiferal ooze USE: Petroleum well drives BT: Gabbro Sea ooze

Oil wells Olivine nephelinite Opal BT: Producing wells Non-Preferred BT: Gemstones Wells USE: Nepheline basalt Silica minerals RT: Condensate wells

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 147 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

NT: Hyalite Operating costs Optical glass Jasper opal BT: Costs BT: Glass Potch RT: Capital costs RT: Cristobalite Optical measuring instruments Opal mining Operations analysis Non-Preferred Quartz Non-Preferred USE: Optical equipment Thunder eggs USE: Operations research UF: Black opal Optical microscopes Common opal Operations reports Non-Preferred Precious opal BT: Reports USE: Microscopes

Opal mining Operations research Optical microscopy BT: Mining BT: Mathematics BT: Microscopy RT: Opal NT: Critical path method NT: Interference colours Decision methods Opalised wood Mathematical programming Optical mineralogy Non-Preferred Optimization BT: Mineralogy USE: Fossil wood Scheduling NT: Optic angle RT: Computer simulation Optical axis Opaque minerals Information theory RT: Extinction angle BT: Minerals Linear programming Interference figure RT: Mineragraphy Mathematical models Oxide minerals Planning Optical properties Probability theory BT: Physical properties Open cast mining Quality control NT: Pleochroism Non-Preferred Queueing theory Polarized light USE: Open cut mining Simulation Reflectivity Systems analysis Refractivity Open cut mining Systems engineering BT: Surface mining UF: Operations analysis Optical pyrometer NT: Haul roads Non-Preferred Overburden Ophicalcite USE: Thermometry Stripping ratio Non-Preferred Optical sorting Terrace mining USE: Marble Non-Preferred Truck and shovel mining USE: Photometric sorting RT: Coal mining Ophiolites Highwall BT: Basic igneous rocks Optical spectrometers Land reclamation RT: Oceanic crust BT: Spectrometers Slope stability Plate tectonics Strip mining Optical square UF: Open cast mining Optic angle BT: Surveying instruments Open pit mining BT: Optical mineralogy Optimization Open hole Optical axis BT: Operations research Non-Preferred BT: Optical mineralogy USE: Uncased drill holes NT: Pareto optimization RT: Linear programming Optical emission spectrometry Open hole completion Non-Preferred Option pricing BT: Well completion USE: Spectroscopy BT: Financing RT: Slim hole completion RT: Forward selling Optical emission spectroscopy Hedging Open pit mining Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Spectroscopy Order of crystallization USE: Open cut mining Non-Preferred Optical equipment USE: Paragenesis Open stope mining BT: Equipment BT: Stope mining NT: Goniometers Ordovician RT: Room and pillar mining Polariscope BT: Palaeozoic Universal stage Openhearth furnaces RT: Microscopes BT: Metallurgical furnaces Ore beneficiation UF: ·Optical measuring Non-Preferred RT: Gas furnaces instruments USE: Beneficiation Openhearth process Reverberatory furnaces Optical fibres Ore concentration Openhearth process BT: Synthetic materials Non-Preferred RT: Communications USE: Mineral processing BT: Steel making Materials technology RT: Openhearth furnaces UF: Fibre optics Ore controls UF: Acid openhearth process BT: Ore genesis Basic openhearth process NT: Structural control

148 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Ore deposits Ore minerals Ore textures Non-Preferred BT: Minerals BT: Ore minerals USE: Mineral deposits NT: Ore textures NT: Fines

Ore depth estimation Ore mobilization Ore transportation BT: Mine evaluation BT: Ore genesis BT: Transportation RT: Belt conveyors Ore dressing Ore petrology Bottom dumpers Non-Preferred BT: Petrology Chain conveyors USE: Mineral processing RT: Mineralogy Conveyors

Ore fluids Ore pretreatment Ore bodies Non-Preferred BT: Mineral processing BT: Mineral deposits USE: Ore forming fluids NT: Pelleting NT: Host rock Lodes Ore forming fluids Ore reserve estimation Veins BT: Ore genesis SN: Use for description/ Wall rock UF: Ore fluids discussion of methods, not where RT: Wall rock alteration only estimates recorded Ore genesis BT: Ore reserves Ores BT: Mineral genesis RT: Coal reserve estimation BT: Mineral deposits NT: Lateral secretion Geostatistics NT: Carbonaceous ores Metallogenesis Kriging Complex ores Ore controls Mineral valuation Fine grained ores Ore forming fluids Petroleum reserve estimation Float ore Ore mobilization Prospect evaluation Metal abundance Secondary enrichment Reserves Metal ratio RT: Carlin type deposits Ore grade Cyprus type deposits Ore reserves Oxidized ores Epigenetic deposits BT: Mineral resources Pisolitic ores Kuroko deposits Reserves Refractory ores Magmatic deposits NT: Aluminium reserves Sedimentary ores Magmatic water Copper reserves RT: Host minerals Mineral zoning Gold reserves Mineral concentrates Mississippi Valley type Industrial mineral reserves UF: Economic minerals deposits Iron reserves Paragenesis Lead reserves Organic acids Stratabound deposits Nickel reserves BT: Acids Stratiform deposits Ore reserve estimation NT: Oxalates Syngenetic deposits Probable ore reserves . Volcanogenic deposits Proved ore reserves Organic analysis Silver reserves BT: Chemical analysis Ore grade Tin reserves · RT: Organic geochemistry BT: Ores Uranium reserves NT: Cutoff grade Zinc reserves Organic chemistry High grade ores RT: Cutoff grade SN: Associated with classical Low grade ores Trend surface analysis organic chemistry, including refined Ore grade contour maps UF: Mineral reserves products RT: Dilution (ore) BT: Chemistry Grade control Ore sampling NT: Biomarkers UF: Grade (mineral deposits) BT: Sampling Coal chemistry Petroleum chemistry Ore grade contour maps Ore shoots Shale oil chemistry BT: Ore grade BT: Lodes RT: Structure contour maps RT: Vein deposits Organic coatings BT: Coatings Ore grading Ore sorters Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Organic compounds USE: Grade control USE: Ore sorting BT: Chemical compounds NT: Amino acids Ore microscopy Ore sorting Organic nitriles Non-Preferred BT: Mineral separation USE: Mineragraphy NT: Colorimetric sorting Organic cooled reactors Photometric sorting Non-Preferred Ore mineralogy Radiometric sorting USE: Nuclear reactors BT: Mineralogy RT: Grade control RT: Mineral processing UF: Ore sorters Organic diagenesis UF: Process mineralogy Sorting BT: Diagenesis NT: Vitrinite reflectance

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 149 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Organic geochemistry Organizations Orogeny SN: Associated with chemistry NT: Companies BT: Structural geology of geological materials Professional societies NT: Orogenic belt BT: Geochemistry RT: Government departments RT: Epeirogeny NT: Source rock analysis Episodes TOC Orientation surveys Tectonics RT: BiomarKer hydrocarbons BT: Surveys UF: Mountain building Maturation Orogenesis Organic analysis Oriented core Tectogenesis Petroleum geochemistry Non-Preferred UF: Oil shale geochemistry USE: Core orientation Orpiment Non-Preferred Organic material Oriented core barrel USE: Realgar BT: Materials Non-Preferred NT: Alcohols USE: Core orientation Orthite Lignin Non-Preferred RT: Fulvic acid Origin of life USE: Allanite Humic acid BT: Natural science Vegetation NT: Biogenesis Ortho amphibolite UF: Organic matter Evolution BT: Amphibolite RT: Palaeontology Organic matter Orthoclase Non-Preferred Origin of the earth BT: Alkali feldspars USE: Organic material BT: Earth (planet) NT: Planetesimal hypothesis Orthoclase diorite Organic moderated reactors RT: Cosmology BT: Diorite Non-Preferred Nebular hypothesis USE: Nuclear reactors Orthoclase gabbro Origin of the moon BT: Gabbro Organic nitriles BT: Moon BT: Nitrogen compounds Orthoclase porphyry Organic compounds Origin of the universe BT: Porphyries BT: Universe Organic petrology NT: Big bang theory Orthoconglomerate BT: Petrology RT: Cosmology Non-Preferred NT: Coal petrology USE: Conglomerate Oil shale petrology Ornamental stone RT: Maturation BT: Industrial materials Orthogeosyncline Stone BT: Geosynclines Organic sediments RT: Building stones UF: Primary geosyncline BT: Sediments Jade RT: Carbonaceous sediments Jadeite Orthophoto maps Marble BT: Photo maps Organic soils Stone conservation BT: Soils Talc Orthopyroxene RT: Peat UF: Monumental stone BT: Pyroxene

Organic solvents Orogen Orthoquartzite BT: Solvents Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Hydrometallurgy USE: Orogenic belt USE: Quartzite

Organic wastes Orogenesis Orthorhombic system BT: Wastes Non-Preferred BT: Crystal systems RT: Water pollution USE: Orogeny RT: Crystallography

Organic weathering Orogenic belt Oscillating conveyors BT: Weathering BT: Orogeny BT: Conveyors RT: Mobile belt Organization analysis UF: Foldbelt Oscillation ripple marks Non-Preferred Orogen Non-Preferred USE: Systems analysis USE: Ripple marks Orogenic cycle Organization charts Non-Preferred Osmiridium BT: Organization theory USE: Tectonic cycle BT: Platinum group elements

Organization theory Orogenic phase Osmiridium isotopes BT: Management Non-Preferred BT: Radioactive isotopes NT: Organization charts USE: Tectonic cycle RT: Management philosophy

150 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Osmium Overseas operations Psilomelane BT: Platinum group elements Non-Preferred Pyrolusite NT: lridosmine USE: Offshore operations Rutile Osmium isotopes Silica minerals Overthrust Spinel Osmium isotopes Non-Preferred Tenorite BT: Osmium USE: Thrust faults Zincite RT: Copper minerals Osmosis Overthrust fault Opaque minerals BT: Diffusion Non-Preferred Zinc minerals NT: Electroosmosis USE: Thrust faults Osmotic pressure Oxidized ores Reverse osmosis Overthrust nappe BT: Ores RT: Demineralization Non-Preferred RT: Secondary enrichment Dialysis USE: Nappe Secondary minerals

Osmotic pressure Overtime Oxidized zone BT: Osmosis Non-Preferred BT: Mineral deposits USE: Wages and salaries RT: Sulphide zone Osteichthyes Zone of aeration BT: Pisces Overturned folds BT: Folds Oxidizers Ostracoda UF: Reclined folds Non-Preferred BT: Micropalaeontology Recumbent folds USE: Oxidizing agents

Outburst prevention Oxalates Oxidizing agents BT: Mine safety BT: Organic acids BT: Oxidation RT: Coal outbursts NT: Hydrogen peroxide Mine seals Oxbow lake UF: Oxidizers Rock outbursts BT: Lakes RT: Billabongs Oxonium Outcrop BT: Chemical compounds NT: Outcrop maps OXCO process NT: Oxonium ions BT: Natural gas conversion Outcrop maps Oxonium ions BT: Geological maps Oxidation BT: Oxonium Outcrop BT: Chemical processes RT: Subcrop maps NT: Biological oxidation Oxygen Oxidation reduction BT: Gases Outliers reactions NT: Liquid oxygen BT: Geological structures Oxidizing agents Oxygen cycle RT: lnliers RT: Rusting Oxygen isotopes UF: Klippe Ozone Oxidation reduction reactions Outwash plains BT: Oxidation Oxygen blown converters BT: Geomorphology UF: Redox process BT: Converters RT: Piedmont Piedmont gravel Oxidation tests Oxygen concentration BT: Materials tests BT: Oxygen deficit Ovens Non-Preferred Oxide minerals Oxygen cycle USE: Fumaces BT: Minerals BT: Biochemical cycles NT: Bauxite Oxygen Overburden Cassiterite BT: Open cut mining Chromite Oxygen deficit Chrysoberyl BT: Environmental management Overconsolidation Corundum NT: Oxygen concentration BT: Diagenesis Cuprite Oxygen solubility RT: Preconsolidation pressure Franklinite RT: Limnology Gahnite Sea water Overcoring Gibbsite BT: Stress measurement Goethite Oxygen isotopes RT: Rock mechanics Hematite BT: Oxygen Ilmenite Overpressured formations Limonite Oxygen probe BT: Formation pressure Magnetite BT: Equipment Manganite Overprinted age Martita Oxygen solubility BT: Absolute age Minium BT: Oxygen deficit Periclase

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Oxymagnite Palaeoclimate Palaeogeophysics Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Geophysics USE: Maghemite USE: Palaeoclimatology NT: Palaeomagnetism RT: Polar migration Ozocerite Palaeoclimatology BT: Waxes BT: Climatology Palaeolatitude NT: Palaeotemperature BT: Latitude Ozone RT: Climatic cycles Palaeogeography BT: Oxygen Geochronology NT: Atmospheric ozone Glaciation Palaeomagnetic dating Palaeobotany BT: Age determination methods Palaeoecology RT: Palaeomagnetism p Palaeoenvironment UF: Magnetic dating Palaeogeography Palaeogeomorphology Palaeomagnetism Pwave Palaeontology BT: Geomagnetism Non-Preferred Palaeogeophysics USE: Primary waves UF: Palaeoclimate NT: Geomagnetic latitude Pachuas Palaeocurrent& Geomagnetic longitude Non-Preferred BT: Palaeodrainage Geomagnetic reversals USE: Agitation Magnetic overprinting Palaeodrainage Magnetostratigraphy Packaging BT: Palaeogeography RT: Magnetic properties BT: Materials handling NT: Palaeochannel Palaeomagnetic dating Palaeocurrents Polar migration Paints Remanent magnetism BT: Protective coatings Palaeoecology UF: Remagnetization BT: Ecology Palaeoanthropology RT: Palaeobotany Palaeontologists BT: Anthropology Palaeoclimatology BT: Geologists RT: Archaeology Palaeoenvironment Palaeontology Palaeontology Palaeobiochemistry BT: Geology BT: Biochemistry Palaeoenvironment NT: Cladism BT: Geological environment Deformed fossils Palaeobiogeography RT: Palaeoclimatology Floral break BT: Biogeography Palaeoecology Floral evolution Palaeogeography Floral extinctions Palaeobotany Fossilization BT: Botany Palaeogene Fossils Palaeontology Non-Preferred Invertebrate palaeontology NT: Bryophyta USE: Paleogene Micropalaeontology Cyanophyta Palaeobotany Fossil resin Palaeogeographic maps Palaeozoology Fossil wood BT: Maps Stratigraphic range Pteridophyte Palaeogeography Systematic palaeontology Spermatophyta Taxonomy Thallophyta Palaeogeography Thalassinoides RT: Algae BT: Geography Vertebrate palaeontology Micropalaeontology NT: Gondwana RT: Archaeology Microplankton Laurasia Biogenesis Palaeoclimatology Palaeodrainage Biostratigraphy Palaeoecology Palaeogeographic maps Encrustations Palynology Palaeolatitude Evolution Spores Pangaea Faunal evolution UF: Palaeophytology Rodinia Geochronology Supercontinent Metazoa Palaeoceanography Tethys Origin of life BT: Oceanography Vaalbara Palaeoclimatology RT: Geological environment Palaeoecology Palaeocene Land bridge Palynology Non-Preferred Palaeoclimatology Stratigraphy USE: Paleocene Palaeoenvironment Type locality Type specimen Palaeochannel Palaeogeomorphology Zoology BT: Palaeodrainage BT: Geomorphology NT: Deep leads RT: Palaeoclimatology Palaeopedology UF: Abandoned channel UF: Palaeosurface BT: Pedology Buried channel Dead rivers

152 BT-Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT~Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Palaeophytology Pan concentrate sampling Paragneiss Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Gneiss USE: Palaeobotany USE: Panning Paralic environment Palaeosols Pangaea BT: Sedimentary environments BT: Soils BT: Palaeogeography NT: Sabkhas RT: Gondwana RT: Littoral zone Palaeosurface Laurasia UF: Marginal marine Non-Preferred Rodinia environment USE: Palaeogeomorphology Supercontinent Palaeotectonic maps Tethys Paralic facies Non-Preferred Vaalbara BT: Sedimentary facies USE: Tectonic maps Panning Parallax Palaeotemperature BT: Gravity separation BT: Surveying BT: Palaeoclimatology RT: Heavy mineral sampling Tabling Parallel fold Palaeozoic UF: Pan concentrate sampling Non-Preferred BT: Phanerozoic Panning equipment USE: Concentric folds NT: Cambrian Carboniferous Panning equipment Paramorphism Devonian Non-Preferred BT: Crystal structure Ordovician USE: Panning RT: Crystallography Permian Silurian Pantographs Parasitic folds BT: Cartography Non-Preferred Palaeozoology USE: Drag folds BT: Palaeontology Paper chromatography NT: Prosopon BT: Chromatography Pareto optimization BT: Optimization Palagonite Paper clay BT: Tachylite BT: Clays Particle counters RT: Kaolin Non-Preferred Paleocene USE: Radiation counters BT: Paleogene Para amphibolite UF: Palaeocene BT: Amphibolite Particle size distribution Non-Preferred Paleogene Para conformity USE: Size distribution BT: Tertiary Non-Preferred NT: Eocene USE: Unconformity Particle size reduction (crushing) Oligocene Non-Preferred Paleocene Para kimberlite USE: Comminution UF: Palaeogene Non-Preferred USE: Kimberlite Particulate matter Palladium BT: Earth atmosphere BT: Platinum group elements Paraffin base crudes NT: Dust NT: Palladium isotopes Non-Preferred Fines Porpezite USE: Crude oil Fly ash RT: Air pollution Palladium isotopes Paraffin hydrocarbon BT: Palladium Non-Preferred Partnerships USE: Paraffins Palla site BT: Contractual arrangements NT: Government participation Non-Preferred Paraffin wax Public participation USE: Stony iron meteorites BT: Waxes Palygorskite Paraffins Passage bed BT: Clay minerals BT: Aliphatic hydrocarbons BT: Transitional series UF: Attapulgite UF: Paraffin hydrocarbon Passive margin Palynology Paragenesis BT: Continental margin BT: Botany BT: Mineral genesis RT: Active margin NT: Pollen NT: Reaction series Plate tectonics RT: Acritarchs RT: Ore genesis Dinoflagellates Reaction rim Paste filling Geochronology UF: Order of crystallization BT: Filling Micropalaeontology Paragenetic sequence Mine filling Microplankton RT: Cemented filling Palaeobotany Paragenetic sequence Hydraulic filling Palaeontology Non-Preferred Slurries Spores USE: Paragenesis

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Pastoralism RT: Ball mills Pelite BT: Agriculture Hammer mills BT: Sedimentary rocks Rod mills RT: Argillaceous rocks Patents BT: Intellectual property Pebble phosphate Pelitic schist RT: Royalties BT: Phosphate deposits BT: Schist

Pathfinder elements Pebbles Pellet mills Non-Prefe"ed BT: Detritus Non-Prefe"ed USE: Indicator elements NT: Dreikanter USE: Pelleting Gibber Pavement (glacial) RT: Clastic rocks Pelletal limestone Non-Preferred UF: Cobbles BT: Limestone USE: Glacial pavements Pediments Pelleting Paving stone BT: Landforms BT: Ore pretreatment BT: Building materials RT: Agglomeration Stone Pedogenesis Binders (materials) RT: Slate Non-Preferred Briquetting USE: Soil genesis Fluxes PCB Green strength BT: Chemical pollutants Pedology Mineral processing RT: CFC BT: Surficial geology SeHfluxing Greenhouse gases NT: Palaeopedology UF: Pellet mills UF: Polychlorinated biophenyls Soil chemistry Pelletization Soil classification Pelletizing PCE equivalent Soil genesis SN: Test for temperature of Soil leaching Pelleting clay fusion of a clay Soil maps BT: Clays BT: Materials tests Soil physics RT: Clays Soils Pelletization UF: Pyrometric cone equivalent RT: Agronomy Non-Prefe"ed Geomorphology USE: Pelleting Pearl Soil mechanics BT: Concretion Soil surveys Pelletizing RT: Gemstones UF: Soil science Non-Prefe"ed USE: Pelleting Peat Pegmatite BT: Fossil fuels BT: Acid igneous rocks PEM surveys NT: Peat bog NT: Graphic pegmatite Non-Prefe"ed RT: Organic soils Syenite pegmatite USE: Pulse EM surveys UF: Fen RT: Aplite Peat deposits Columbite Penecontemporaneous Granite deformation Peat bog Greisen Non-Preferred BT: Peat Myrmekite USE: Contemporaneous deformation Peat deposits Pegmatitic deposits Non-Prefe"ed BT: Mineral deposits Peneplains USE: Peat BT: Landforms Pegmatitization NT: Dissected peneplains Peat to anthracite theory Non-Prefe"ed RT: Base level Non-Prefe"ed USE: Pneumatolysis Plateaus USE: Coalification Pelagic limestone Peneplanation Pebble bed BT: Limestone BT: Erosion BT: Clastic rocks RT: Base level Pelagic sediments Pebble dykes Non-Prefe"ed Penetration resistance Non-Preferred USE: Deep sea sediments BT: Physical properties USE: Intrusive sedimentary RT: Drilling rate structures Pelagic zone Hardness BT: Oceanic zones Materials tests Pebble milling RT: Abyssal zone Rock mechanics BT: Grinding Shallow water NT: Pebble mills Penetration tests Pelecypods BT: Soil tests Pebble mills Non-Prefe"ed UF: Penetrometer BT: Grinding mills USE: Bivalvia Pebble milling

154 BT'-Broader term; NT=Na"ower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Penetrometer Percussion tool bits Permafrost Non-Preferred BT: Drill bits BT: Frozen soils USE: Penetration tests NT: Cable tool bits RT: Frost action Frost heave Penstocks Perforating BT: Hydroelectric power BT: Well completion Permanent hardness generation RT: Drilling BT: Water quality RT: Dams Water flooding Well casing Permeability Pentan.es BT: Physical properties BT: Alkanes Performance guarantee RT: Aquicludes BT: Productivity Aquifer properties Pentlandite RT: Performance indicators Darcys law BT: Nickel minerals Porosity Nickel ores Performance indicators Reservoir engineering Sulphide minerals BT: Productivity Subsurface drainage RT: Performance guarantee Tight formation Perched aquifer UF: Effective permeability Non-Preferred Performance measures USE: Perched ground water Non-Preferred Permeability coefficient USE: Productivity Non-Preferred Perched block USE: Aquifer properties BT: Glacial features Periclase BT: Magnesium minerals Permeability trap Perched ground water Oxide minerals BT: Traps (petroleum) BT: Ground water UF: Perched aquifer Peridot Permeable reservoirs Perched water BT: Gemstones BT: Reservoir characteristics Olivine Perched water Permian Non-Preferred Peridotite BT: Palaeozoic USE: Perched ground water BT: Plutonic rocks Ultrabasic rocks Perovskite Percolation (ground water) NT: Dunite BT: Titanium minerals Non-Preferred Lherzolite USE: Ground water recharge RT: Kimberlite Personnel Komatiite BT: Personnel management Percolation (hydrometallurgy) Picrite NT: Divers BT: Hydrometallurgy Pyroxenite Drill crews RT: Filtration Serpentinite Geoscientists Solvent extraction UF: Harzburgite Prospector Saxonite Percussion drill bits Personnel management BT: Drill bits Period BT: Management Percussion drills BT: Era NT: Amenities NT: Cable tool bits NT: Epoch Commuter mining Education Percussion drilling Periodicals Equal opportunity BT: Drilling Non-Preferred Manpower planning NT: Cable tool drilling USE: Serials Personnel Hydraulic drilling Working conditions Percussion drills Periscopes RT: Employment Pneumatic drilling Non-Preferred Industrial relations Rotary percussion drilling USE: Borehole periscopes Management training RT: Rotary drilling Trade unions Peristerite UF: Manpower management Percussion drilling rigs BT: Albite Manpower utilization Non-Preferred Gemstones Supervision USE: Percussion drills Perlite Perthite Percussion drills BT: Acid igneous rocks BT: Feldspars BT: Drills Industrial minerals Percussion drilling Volcanic glass Pesticides NT: Cable tool drills RT: Lightweight aggregates BT: Chemical compounds Hydraulic drills Pumice RT: Agriculture Percussion drill bits Vermiculite Pollution Pneumatic drills Volcanic rocks RT: Well servicing Petalite UF: Jackhammers BT: Feldspathoids Percussion drilling rigs Lithium minerals

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Petrochemical engineering Petroleum agreements Petroleum geochemistry BT: Chemical engineering BT: Contractual arrangements SN: Associated with RT: Petrochemical industry NT: Farm in hydrocarbon sources Petrochemicals Farm out BT: Geochemistry Petroleum chemistry Joint ventures RT: Maturation RT: Cash bidding Organic geochemistry Petrochemical Industry Non disclosure agreements UF: Hydrocarbon geochemistry BT: Chemical industry Sole risk NT: Petrochemicals Petroleum geology RT: Chemical engineering Petroleum chemistry BT: Economic geology Petrochemical engineering SN: Associated with refinery NT: Formation evaluation Petroleum industry products Petroleum genesis BT: Organic chemistry Petroleum migration Petrochemicals RT: Petrochemical engineering RT: Engineering geology BT: Petrochemical industry Petrochemicals Geochemical exploration Petroleum products Petroleum products Marine geology RT: Petrochemical engineering Petroleum exploration Petroleum chemistry Petroleum consumption UF: Soft rock geology BT: Consumption Petrochemistry Petroleum statistics Petroleum imports Non-Preferred NT: Gas consumption BT: Petroleum statistics USE: Rock geochemistry Oil consumption Petroleum industry Petrofabric analysis Petroleum development BT: Industry BT: Structural petrology BT: Petroleum engineering NT: Gas distribution RT: Project development Petroleum statistics Petrofabric diagram RT: Coal industry Non-Preferred Petroleum discovery Mineral industry USE: Structural petrology BT: Petroleum exploration Petrochemical industry Petroleum refining Petrofabrics Petroleum engineering Petroleum transportation Non-Preferred BT: Engineering UF: Gas industry USE: Structural petrology NT: Offshore structures Oil industry Petroleum development Petrogenesis Petroleum refining Petroleum leases BT: Petrology Petroleum transportation BT: Licences RT: Mineral genesis Reservoir engineering RT: Exploration licences Reservoir management Joint ventures Petrographic microscope RT: Liquids evaluation tests UF: Petroleum tenements Non-Preferred USE: Polarizing microscopes Petroleum engineering training Petroleum legislation BT: Education BT: Legislation Petrographic province Petroleum policy BT: Petrology Petroleum exploration RT: Mineral policy BT: Hydrocarbon exploration Mining legislation Petrography NT: Bottom hole core UF: Offshore petroleum Non-Preferred Marine petroleum exploration legislation USE: Petrology Petroleum discovery Petroleum act Plays Petroleum RT: Exploration history Petroleum migration BT: Fossil fuels Exploration philosophy BT: Petroleum geology NT: Bitumens Exploration potential NT: Inspissation Crude oil Gas cut muds Traps (petroleum) Liquefied petroleum gas Gas cut water RT: Petroleum genesis Natural gas Petroleum geology Source beds Offshore petroleum UF: Oil exploration Oil Oil search Petroleum occurrence Petroleum products BT: Petroleum reservoirs Petroleum prospects Petroleum exploration licences NT: Gas seepages Petroleum reservoirs Non-Preferred Hydrocarbon shows Petroleum resources USE: Exploration licences Oil seepages RT: Hydrocarbons Petroleum occurrence maps Petroleum genesis RT: Petroleum resources Petroleum act BT: Petroleum geology Non-Preferred NT: Source beds Petroleum occurrence maps USE: Petroleum legislation RT: Conodont colour alteration BT: Petroleum occurrence index RT: Petroleum resources Maturation Resource maps Petroleum migration Thermal maturity

156 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Petroleum pipelines Petroleum refining Petroleum consumption BT: Pipelines BT: Petroleum engineering Petroleum imports NT: Gas pipelines NT: Byproducts Petroleum production Oil pipelines RT: Cracking process RT: Exports RT: Petroleum transportation Crude oil Mineral economics Pipeline transportation Distillation Statistics Petroleum industry Petroleum plays Petroleum products Petroleum systems Non-Preferred Refining BT: Petroleum resources USE: Plays Thiourea UF: Oil refining Petroleum tenements Petroleum policy Non-Preferred BT: Energy policy Petroleum research USE: Petroleum leases NT: Petroleum legislation BT: Research and development RT: Royalties Petroleum transportation Petroleum reserve estimation BT: Petroleum engineering Petroleum pollution BT: Petroleum reserves RT: Petroleum industry Non-Preferred RT: Coal reserve estimation Petroleum pipelines USE: Oil pollution Ore reserve estimation Pipeline transportation UF: Natural gas reserve Transportation Petroleum potential estimation BT: Exploration potential Oil reserve estimation Petroleum well drives UF: Hydrocabon potential BT: Reservoir performance Petroleum reserves NT: Gas drive Petroleum prices BT: Petroleum resources Water drive Non-Preferred Reserves UF: Gas well drives USE: Oil prices NT: Natural gas reserves Oil well drives Oil reserves Petroleum production Petroleum reserve estimation Petrological microscope BT: Petroleum statistics Non-Preferred NT: Crude oil production Petroleum reservoirs USE: Polarizing microscopes Natural gas production BT: Petroleum Offshore production NT: Carbonate reservoirs Petrology RT: Hydrocarbon processing Fractured reservoirs BT: Geology Gas reservoirs NT: Experimental petrology Petroleum production methods Low permeability reservoirs Igneous petrology BT: Reservoir engineering Oil reservoirs Matrix (petrology) NT: Gas production methods Petroleum occurrence Metamorphic petrology Offshore production methods Producing zone Ore petrology Oil production methods Reservoir fluids Organic petrology Reservoir performance Reservoir rock Petrogenesis Unitization Sandstone reservoirs Petrographic province RT: Bottom hole pressure Seals (reservoir) Rosiwal analysis Bottom hole temperature UF: Reservoirs (petroleum) Sedimentary petrology Coiled tubing Spherulite Production platforms Petroleum resource maps Structural petrology UF: Production control BT: Resource maps Ternary diagrams (petroleum) Thin sections Petroleum resources RT: Accessory minerals Petroleum production rate BT: Natural resources CIPW classification Non-Preferred Petroleum Mineralogy USE: Reservoir performance NT: Natural gas resources UF: Petrography Offshore petroleum resources Petroleum products Offshore resources Petrophysics BT: Liquid fuels Oil resources SN: Use in context of physical Petroleum Petroleum reserves properties of reservoir rocks NT: Hydrocarbon byproducts Petroleum systems BT: Rock geophysics Petrochemicals RT: Bituminous sands RT: Rock properties RT: Asphalts Oil fields Wire line logs Petroleum chemistry Oil sands Petroleum refining Oil shale PGE Petroleum occurrence Non-Preferred Petroleum prospects Petroleum occurrence maps USE: Platinum group elements BT: Petroleum Resource assessment pH control Petroleum recovery Petroleum statistics BT: pH value BT: Reservoir performance BT: Industry statistics NT: pH meters NT: Gas recovery Petroleum industry RT: Acidification Oil recovery NT: Natural gas prices Acidity Oil prices Buffers (chemistry)

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 157 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Carbonation Phillipsite Phosphorescence Corrosion prevention BT: Zeolite minerals Non-Preferred Hydrolysis RT: Scolecite USE: Luminescence Water treatment UF: Acidity control Philosophical models Phosphorite Alkalinity control BT: Models BT: Phosphates RT: Exploration philosophy Sedimentary rocks pH meters UF: Conceptual models RT: Phosphate rock BT: Instruments pH control Phlogopite Phosphorus BT: Mica BT: Elements pH value RT: Phosphorus cycle BT: Chemical properties Phonolite NT: pH control BT: Intermediate igneous rocks Phosphorus cycle RT: Acidity Volcanic rocks BT: Biochemical cycles Alkalinity NT: Leucite phonolite RT: Phosphorus RT: Trachyte Phanerozoic UF: Phonolite porphyry Photo maps BT: Geological time scale Tinguaite BT: Maps NT: Cainozoic NT: Orthophoto maps Mesozoic Phonolite porphyry RT: Base maps Palaeozoic Non-Preferred Photogeological maps USE: Phonolite Photomosaics Phase diagrams Topographic maps BT: Phase equilibria Phosphate deposits RT: Cooling curves BT: Mineral deposits Photochemical reactions Eutectics Phosphates BT: Chemical processes Liquid phases NT: Guano Phase rule Pebble phosphate Photocopying Phase transformations RT: Marine phosphates BT: Publishing Solid solutions Phosphate nodules RT: Printing Solubility Phosphate rock Technical writing UF: Constitution diagrams Equilibrium diagrams Phosphate minerals Photoelectric cells BT: Minerals BT: Electrical components Phase equilibria Phosphates RT: Solar cells BT: Physical properties NT: Plumbogummite Solar generators NT: Cooling curves Variscite UF: Photoemissive cells Eutectics Vivianite Gaseous phases Wavellite Photoemissive cells Liquid phases Non-Preferred Phase diagrams Phosphate nodules USE: Photoelectric cells Phase rule BT: Phosphates Phase transformations Submarine mineral deposits Photogeological interpretation Solid phases RT: Marine geology Non-Preferred Phosphate deposits USE: Photogeology Phase rule BT: Phase equilibria Phosphate rock Photogeological maps RT: Phase diagrams BT: Phosphates BT: Geological maps RT: Apatite Photogeology Phase transformations Phosphate deposits RT: Interpretative maps BT: Phase equilibria Phosphorite Photo maps RT: Phase diagrams UF: Rock phosphate Photogeology Phenanthrene& · Phosphates BT: Geological surveys BT: Aromatic hydrocarbons BT: Chemical compounds Photointerpretation NT: Calcium phosphates NT: Photogeological maps Phengite Marine phosphates RT: Aerial photography BT: Muscovite Phosphate deposits Aerial surveys Phosphate minerals Extraterrestrial geology Phenocryst Phosphate nodules Geomorphology BT: Porphyries Phosphate rock Image interpretation RT: Mineralogy Phosphorite Photogrammetry Porphyroblast Superphosphate Remote sensing RT: Fertilizers Stereophotography Phenolphthalein UF: Photogeological interpretation BT: Chemical indicators Phosphatic sediments BT: Sediments Photogrammetric surveys Phenoxyacetic acid Non-Preferred BT: Chemical compounds USE: Aerial surveys

158 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Photogrammetry Photomosaics RT: Creep BT: Cartography BT: Aerial photography Crystallography NT: Stereomapping RT: Photo maps Deformation (materials) Stereophotogrammetry Photogrammetry Radiography Stereophotography UF: Composite photographs Vacuum metallurgy RT: Aerial photography Mosaics UF: Secondary metallurgy Mapping Photogeology Photosphere Physical models Photointerpretation BT: Sun BT: Models Photomosaics NT: Mine models Surveying Photosynthesis Relief models Topographic surveys BT: Biogeochemistry UF: Aerial photogrammetry RT: Solar radiation Physical processes Sunlight NT: Blasting Photographic driers Compression Non-Preferred Photovoltaic cells Desiccation USE: Photographic equipment BT: Electrical components Diffusion RT: Solar cells Dispersions Photographic equipment Distillation BT: Equipment Phreatic water Drilling Photography Non-Preferred Evaporation NT: Cameras USE: Ground water Filtration Infrared filters Pumping UF: Photographic driers Phyllite Sampling BT: Metamorphic rocks Size classification Photographic materials BT: Photography Strain Phyllonite Stress Photographic reconnaissance BT: Metamorphic rocks Non-Preferred Physical properties USE: Aerial surveys Phylogeny NT: Abrasiveness Non-Preferred Acoustics Photography USE: Evolution Anisotropy BT: Imagery Bearing capacity NT: Aerial photography Phylum Bloating Colour photography BT: Taxonomy Boiling point Films (cinematography) Bonding strength Focal depth Physical chemistry Brittleness Focal length BT: Chemistry Cohesion Infrared photography NT: Kinetics Colour Lunar photography Magnetochemistry Compactibility Photographic equipment Stereochemistry Compressive strength Photographic materials Surface chemistry Density Photomicrography Thermochemistry Ductility Stereophotography Thermodynamics Elasticity Underwater photography RT: Chemical analysis Formability Chemical engineering Fracture properties Photo interpretation Chemical processes Friability BT: Aerial photography Chemical properties Fusibility NT: Photogeology Colloid chemistry Hardness RT: Image interpretation Electrochemistry Heat Photogrammetry Quantum chemistry Heterogeneity Reinterpretation Homogeneity Remote sensing Physical features Isotropy Non-Preferred Machinability Photoluminescence USE: Landforms Magnetism Non-Preferred Melting point USE: Luminescence Physical geography Optical properties Non-Preferred Penetration resistance Photometric sorting Permeability BT: Ore sorting USE: Geomorphology Phase equilibria UF: Optical sorting Physical geology Physical tests Photomicrograph Non-Preferred Plastic properties Non-Preferred USE: Geomorphology Porosity USE: Photomicrography Pressure Physical metallurgy Saturation Photomicrography BT: Materials technology Sectility BT: Photography Metallurgy Shear properties RT: X ray microscopy NT: Hardening (materials) Solid to liquid ratio UF: Microphotography Metallography Sorption Photomicrograph Recrystallization (metals) Striations

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 159 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Surface tension Pic rite Pigments Thixotropy BT: Ultrabasic rocks BT: Industrial materials Toughness RT: Peridotite RT: Coatings Turbidity Fillers Viscosity Picrite basalt Wear BT: Basalt Piles Wettability RT: Olivine basalt BT: Foundation engineering Yield strength NT: Bearing piles RT: Chemical equilibrium Picroilmenite Concrete piles Elastic theory BT: Ilmenite Sheet piles Rock geophysics RT: Indicator minerals Steel piles Strength of materials Wooden piles UF: Mechanical properties Piedmont UF: Pier BT: Landforms Physical science NT: Piedmont gravel Pillar mining BT: Science RT: Outwash plains Non-Prefe"ed NT: Chemistry UF: Foothills USE: Pillar recovery Metrology Physics Piedmont glacier Pillar recovery RT: Natural science Non-Preferred BT: Mining USE: Glaciers RT: Coal mining Physical tests Mine pillars BT: Materials tests Piedmont gravel Retreat mining Physical properties BT: Piedmont Room and pillar mining NT: Bitumen stripping test RT: Clastic sediments Underground mining Compression tests Outwash plains UF: Pillar mining Ductility tests Dynamic tests Pier Pillars Hardness tests Non-Prefe"ed Non-Prefe"ed Impact tests USE: Piles USE: Mine pillars Los Angeles test Tension tests Piercement dome Pillow lavas Wear tests Non-Preferred BT: Lavas RT: Soil tests USE: Diapirs NT: Pillow structure UF: Mechanical tests RT: Submarine volcanoes Piercement fold Physics Non-Preferred Pillow structure BT: Physical science USE: Diapirs BT: Pillow lavas NT: Cryogenics UF: Mammillary structure Field strength Piezoelectric crystals Lasers BT: Piezoelectric effect Pilot plants Nuclear physics RT: Piezoelectric materials BT: Plant design Quantum mechanics Quartz RT: Flow sheets Raman effect Scaling up RT: Geophysics Piezoelectric effect BT: Electrical properties Pinacoid Physiographic province NT: Piezoelectric crystals BT: Crystal symmetry BT: Geomorphology Piezoelectric materials Pinch out Physiography Piezoelectric materials Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Piezoelectric effect USE: Stratigraphic trap USE: Geomorphology RT: Piezoelectric crystals Pingos Phytane Piezometer BT: Frost heave Non-Preferred Non-Prefe"ed USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons USE: Pressure measurement Pinite BT: Mica Phytology Pig Non-Prefe"ed Non-Preferred Pipe clay USE: Botany USE: Pipeline pig BT: Clays

Phytoplankton Pig iron Pipe jacking BT: Plankton BT: Iron Non-Preferred USE: Pipeline construction Phytoremediation Pigeonite BT: Environmental protection BT: Pyroxene Pipe sticking Pollution control Non-Preferred RT: Rehabilitation Pigment minerals USE: Drilling problems BT: Industrial minerals UF: Ochres

160 BT=Broader term; NT=Na"ower term; RT=Re/ated term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Pipeline construction Pisolith Plagioclase BT: Pipelines BT: Sedimentary structures BT: Feldspars UF: Pipe jacking RT: Spherulite NT: Albite Andesine Pipeline pig Pisolitic ores Anorthite BT: Pipelines BT: Ores Bytownite RT: Scrapers RT: Oolitic texture Labradorite UF: Pig Oligoclase Pit haulage RT: Albitization Pipeline terminals Non-Preferred Sodium feldspar BT: Pipelines USE: Mine transportation RT: Pipeline transportation Plane table mapping Pit transportation BT: Mapping Pipeline transportation Non-Preferred BT: Pipelines USE: Mine transportation Plane tables Transportation BT: Surveying instruments NT: Slurry transportation Pitch RT: Common carriers Non-Preferred Planetary atmospheres Gas pipelines USE: Plunge Non-Preferred Multiphase pipelines USE: Extraterrestrial Petroleum pipelines Pitch (materials) atmospheres Petroleum transportation Non-Preferred Pipeline terminals USE: Asphalts Planetary environments Slurry pipelines Non-Preferred Water pipelines Pitchblende USE: Extraterrestrial geology Non-Preferred Pipelines USE: Uraninite Planetary geology NT: Multiphase pipelines Non-Preferred Petroleum pipelines Pitching fold USE: Extraterrestrial geology Pipeline construction Non-Preferred Pipeline pig USE: Plunging folds Planetary radiation Pipeline terminals Non-Preferred Pipeline transportation Pitchstone USE: Extraterrestrial radiation Surge tanks Non-Preferred Underwater pipelines USE: Volcanic glass Planetary satellites Water pipelines Non-Preferred RT: Materials handling Pits USE: Extraterrestrial satellites Pumping stations BT: Quarries Water supply NT: Borrow pits Planetary structure UF: Gathering lines Clay pits Non-Preferred Piping systems Gravel pits USE: Extraterrestrial geology Sand pits Pipes RT: Mines Planetesimal hypothesis BT: Igneous intrusions BT: Origin of the earth NT: Breccia pipes Pitting tests UF: Dust cloud hypothesis Kimberlite pipes Non-Preferred USE: Corrosion tests Planets Piping (erosion) BT: Solar system BT: Soil erosion Placer deposits NT: Earth (planet) UF: Tunnel erosion BT: Mineral deposits Jupiter NT: Gem placer deposits Mars Piping systems Gold placer deposits Mercury (planet) Non-Preferred Marine placer deposits Neptune USE: Pipelines Tin placer deposits Pluto UF: Alluvial deposits Saturn Pisces Alluvial mineral deposits Uranus BT: Vertebrata Detrital depostis Venus Vertebrate palaeontology NT: Acanthodii Placer mining Planimeters Agnatha BT: Surface mining BT: Cartography Chondrichthyes RT: Dredging Crossopterygii Hydraulic mining Plankton Osteichthyes Strip mining BT: Micropalaeontology Placodermi UF: Alluvial mining NT: Phytoplankton Sarcoptergii UF: Fish Placodermi Planktonic foraminifera BT: Pisces BT: Foraminifera Pisolite sampling BT: Geochemical sampling

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 161 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Planning Plastic deformation Platinum NT: Land use planning BT: Deformation (structural BT: Platinum group elements Manpower planning geology) NT: Native platinum Mine planning RT: Clastic deformation Platinum deposits Prediction Metamorphism Platinum isotopes Reconnaissance UF: Ductile deformation Platinum minerals Rural planning Plastic strain Strategic planning Platinum deposits Urban planning Plastic limit BT: Platinum RT: Constraints BT: Plastic properties Precious metal deposits Forecasting RT: Atterberg tests Management Platinum group elements Operations research Plastic properties BT: Precious metals BT: Physical properties NT: Iridium Plant {physical) NT: Plastic limit Osmiridium Non-Prefe"ed RT: Atterberg tests Osmium USE: Equipment Ductility Palladium Hardness Platinum Plant construction UF: Plasticity index Rhodium BT: Plant design Ruthenium Plastic strain UF: PGE Plant design Non-Prefe"ed Platinum metals BT: Design USE: Plastic deformation NT: Flow sheets Platinum isotopes Plasticity index Pilot plants BT: Platinum Non-Preferred Plant construction USE: Plastic properties Scaling up Platinum metals UF: Plant layout Non-Prefe"ed Plastics USE: Platinum group elements BT: Polymers Plant indicator Non-Preferred Platinum minerals Plate movement rate USE: Indicator plants BT: Metalliferous minerals BT: Plate tectonics Platinum Plant layout RT: Continental movement NT: Native platinum Non-Prefe"ed Plate tectonics Sperrylite USE: Plant design BT: Tectonics NT: Accreting plate boundary Playa lakes Plant maintenance Circum pacific belt BT: Lakes BT: Equipment Continental breakup Landforms NT: Care and maintenance Continental drift RT: Claypan RT: Plant operations Continental movement Salt lakes UF: Equipment replacement Convergent margin UF: Playas Maintenance Island arcs Mantle plumes Playas Plant operations Obduction Non-Prefe"ed BT: Equipment Plate movement rate USE: Playa lakes RT: Plant maintenance Sea floor spreading Subduction Plays Plants RT: Active margin BT: Petroleum exploration Non-Preferred Benioff zones UF: Petroleum plays USE: Flora Collision zone Continental accretion Pleistocene Plasmas {physics) Crustal movements BT: Quaternary BT: Ionization Crustal plate RT: Nuclear fusion Earth crust Pleochroic halo Earth lithosphere Non-Prefe"ed Plaster Earth models USE: Pleochroism BT: Calcium sulphates Expanding earth RT: Cements Oceanic ridges Pleochroic halo dating Gypsum cements Ophiolites BT: Radiometric dating Mortars Passive margin Rift valleys Pleochroism Plaster of paris Solid earth geophysics BT: Optical properties Non-Preferred Transform faults RT: Polarized light USE: Gypsum cements UF: Global tectonics UF: Pleochroic halo

Plastic clay Plateaus Pliocene BT: Clays BT: Landforms BT: Neogene NT: Dissected plateaus RT: Peneplains

162 BT:-Broader term; NT'-Na"ower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Plug (volcanic) Plutonium Pneumatolytic differentiation Non-Preferred BT: Nuclear fuels Non-Preferred USE: Volcanic plugs Uranium isotopes USE: Pneumatolysis NT: Plutonium isotopes Plugging RT: Fissionable materials Pneumatolytic metamorphism BT: Well abandonment Radiation hazards Non-Preferred RT: Oilwells USE: Pneumatolysis Well completion Plutonium isotopes UF: Plugging back BT: Plutonium Pneumoconiosis Radioactive isotopes BT: Respiratory diseases Plugging back NT: Silicosis Non-Preferred Plutons RT: Dust USE: Plugging BT: Igneous intrusions Mine ventilation

Plumbism Pneumatic control Podzol Non-Preferred BT: Control systems BT: Soils USE: Lead poisoning Pneumatic methods Podzolization Plumbogummite Pneumatic conveyors Non-Preferred BT: Alunite BT: Conveyors USE: Soil leaching Lead minerals Phosphate minerals Pneumatic drilling Poikilitic texture BT: Percussion drilling Non-Preferred Plumbojarosite NT: Down hole drilling USE: Rock textures BT: Alunite Hammer drilling Lead minerals Pneumatic drills Point data Sulphate minerals RT: Cable tool drilling Non-Preferred Rock drilling USE: Spatial data Plumes (air pollution) Non-Preferred Pneumatic drills Polar migration USE: Airborne wastes BT: Percussion drills BT: Geomagnetic poles Pneumatic drilling RT: Geomagnetic latitude Plunge NT: Down hole drills Geomagnetic longitude BT: Fold geometry Hammer drills Palaeogeophysics UF: Pitch Rock drills Palaeomagnetism RT: Rotary percussion drilling Solid earth geophysics Plunging folds Tungsten carbide bits UF: Polar wandering BT: Folds UF: Pitching fold Pneumatic filling Polar projection BT: Mine filling BT: Cartography Pluto UF: Pneumatic placement BT: Planets Pneumatic stowing Polar regions BT: Climatic zones Plutonic metamorphism Pneumatic hoisting NT: Antarctic regions Non-Preferred BT: Mine hoisting Arctic regions USE: Metamorphism Pneumatic methods Polar wandering Plutonic rocks NT: Pneumatic control Non-Preferred BT: Igneous rocks UF: Air sparging USE: Polar migration NT: Gabbro Granite Pneumatic placement Polariscope Granitic rock Non-Preferred BT: Optical equipment Jacupirangite USE: Pneumatic filling Monzonite Polarized light Peridotite Pneumatic props BT: Electromagnetic waves Pyroxenite BT: Mine support Ught Syenite Optical properties Trondhjemite Pneumatic stowing RT: Extinction angle Xenolith Non-Preferred Microscopy RT: Adamellite USE: Pneumatic filling Nicol prism Albitite Pleochroism Anorthosite Pneumatolysis Charnockite BT: Metasomatism Polarizing microscopes Diorite UF: Pegmatitization BT: Microscopes Dunite Pneumatolytic differentiation UF: Petrographic microscope Granodiorite Pneumatolytic metamorphism Petrological microscope Norite UF: Abyssal rocks Pneumatolytic deposits Polarography BT: Mineral deposits BT: Instrumental chemical RT: Metasomatism analysis

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 163 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Pole dipole array Phytoremediation Porcelain Non-Preferred Spillage control BT: Refractory materials USE: Electrode array RT: Carbon tax Monitoring Porcelainite Pole pole array Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Polonium USE: Porcellanite USE: Electrode array BT: Radioactive isotopes NT: Polonium isotopes Porcellanite Policy BT: Silica minerals NT: Government policy Polonium isotopes RT: Chert RT: Management BT: Polonium Silicification UF: Mullite Polished section Polychlorinated biophenyls Porcelainite BT: Mineragraphy Non-Preferred USE: PCB Pore fluid pressure Pollen Non-Preferred BT: Palynology Polyconic projection USE: Pore pressure NT: Pollen analysis BT: Cartography Pollen diagram Pore pressure RT: Spores Polydymite BT: Pressure BT: Unnaeite RT: Pore water Pollen analysis Preconsolidation pressure BT: Pollen Polymerization Soil pressure BT: Chemical processes UF: Pore fluid pressure Pollen diagram NT: Polymers Pore water pressure BT: Pollen Uplift pressure Polymers Pollutants BT: Polymerization Pore space Non-Preferred NT: Plastics BT: Porosity USE: Pollution UF: Pore volume Polymetallic deposits Pollution BT: Mineral deposits Pore volume BT: Environmental protection Non-Preferred NT: Air pollution Polymetamorphism USE: Pore space Chemical pollutants BT: Metamorphism Decontamination UF: Superimposed Pore water Oil pollution metamorphism BT: Formation water Pollution control RT: Hygroscopic water Water pollution Polyphase deformation Pore pressure RT: Acid rain BT: Deformation (structural Soil water Air sampling geology) UF: Interstitial water Anthropogenic factor Conservation Polyphase folds Pore water pressure Contamination Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Environmental impact USE: Cross folds USE: Pore pressure surveys Environmental science Polyplacophora Porifera Eutrophication BT: Mollusca BT: Invertebrate palaeontology Industrial health UF: Spongia Industrial wastes Polyzoa Mine wastes Non-Preferred Porosity Noise reduction USE: Bryozoa BT: Physical properties Odour control NT: Pore space Oil spillage Popping Voids Pesticides Non-Preferred RT: Aquifer properties Public health USE: Secondary blasting Capillarity Radioactive wastes Density Toxicology Popular presentation Formation damage Waste disposal SN: Use for semi-technical Fractured reservoirs Wastes material produced in popular style Permeability Water recycling BT: Publishing Reservoir engineering UF: Pollutants RT: Documentation Rock properties Technical writing Saturation Pollution control Soil properties BT: Control systems Population Subsurface drainage Pollution BT: Demography Well logging NT: Air cleaners RT: Ecology UF: Apparent porosity Bunds Effective pososity Emissions trading Population (statistical) Exhaust systems BT: Statistical distributions

164 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for e Alphabetical Listing

Porosity curve Possible ore reserves Potassium calcium dating Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Radiometric dating USE: SP curve USE: Inferred mineral resources Potassium carbonates Porosity trap Post stack reprocessing BT: Carbonates Non-Preferred BT: Reprocessing Potassium USE: Stratigraphic trap RT: Pre stack depth migration NT: Potash RT: Potash deposits Porpezite Post tensioned concrete BT: Gold alloys BT: Concrete Potassium chloride Palladium RT: Precast concrete BT: Chlorides RT: Electrum Prestressed concrete Potassium Maldonite RT: Carnallite Potable water Potash deposits Porphyries BT: Water quality Sylvite BT: Igneous rocks RT: Demineralization NT: Granite porphyry UF: Drinking water Potassium cyanide Orthoclase porphyry BT: Cyanides Phenocryst Potash Potassium Quartz porphyry BT: Potassium carbonates Rhyolite porphyry Potassium feldspar Syenite porphyry Potash deposits Non-Preferred UF: Porphyrite BT: Evaporite deposits USE: Alkali feldspars RT: Alunite Porphyrite Potassium carbonates Potassium hydroxides Non-Preferred Potassium chloride BT: Potassium USE: Porphyries Sylvite Potassium iodide Porphyritic microgranite Potash feldspar BT: Iodides Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Granite porphyry USE: Alkali feldspars Potassium isotopes BT: Potassium Porphyritic texures Potash mica Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Potassium minerals USE: Rock textures USE: Muscovite BT: Potassium NT: Alunite Porphyroblast Potash mines Carnallite BT: Metamorphic petrology BT: Mines Sylvite RT: Phenocryst Potassium Potassium nitrate deposits Porphyroid Potassic igneous rocks BT: Nitrate deposits BT: Metamorphic rocks BT: Alkali igneous rocks Potassium RT: Kimberlite UF: Nitre Porphyry copper deposits Lamproite BT: Copper deposits Lamprophyre Potassium syenite porphyry Porphyry mineral deposits S type granite Non-Preferred Shoshonite USE: Syenite porphyry Porphyry mineral deposits UF: Potassic rocks BT: Mineral deposits Potch NT: Porphyry copper deposits Potassic rocks BT: Opal Non-Preferred Portland cements USE: Potassic igneous rocks Potential energy BT: Cements BT: Energy RT: Oil well cements Potassium RT: Energy storage Resin cements BT: Alkali metals Kinetic energy UF: Portland slag cements NT: Potash mines Potassium carbonates Potentiometric surface Portland slag cements Potassium chloride BT: Hydraulic gradient Non-Preferred Potassium cyanide RT: Artesian water USE: Portland cements Potassium hydroxides UF: lsopotential level Potassium isotopes Ports Potassium minerals Potholes BT: Water transportation Potassium nitrate deposits BT: Caves RT: Harbours Materials handling Potassium argon dating Pottery Shipping BT: Radiometric dating BT: Ceramics UF: Argon dating Possible ore KArdating Pottery clay Non-Preferred BT: Clays USE: Inferred mineral resources RT: Kaolin

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 165 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Powder diffraction Precious opal Pressure characteristics Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Reservoir pressure buildup USE: X ray powder diffraction USE: Opal Pressure characteristics Powder metallurgy Precious stones Non-Preferred BT: Metallurgy Non-Preferred USE: Pressure buildup analysis RT: Sintering USE: Gemstones Pressure filters Power shovels Precipitate flotation Non-Preferred BT: Excavation equipment BT: Flotation USE: Filters RT: Shovels Precipitation (chemistry) Pressure gauges Non-Preferred Pozzolan Non-Preferred USE: Chemical precipitation BT: Industrial minerals USE: Pressure measurement Volcanic tuff Precipitation (meteorology) RT: Cements BT: Meteorology Pressure gradient NT: Cloud seeding BT: Pressure Praseodymium Rainfall RT: Hydraulic gradient BT: Rare earth elements Snow NT: Praseodymium isotopes RT: Climatology Pressure leaching Hydrologic cycle BT: Leaching Praseodymium isotopes Runoff UF: High pressure leaching BT: Praseodymium Water resources Pressure measurement Pre stack depth migration Preconsolidation pressure BT: Pressure BT: Reprocessing BT: Soil mechanics RT: Barometers RT: Post stack reprocessing RT: Diagenesis UF: Manometers Overconsolidation Piezometer Precambrian Pore pressure Pressure gauges BT: Geological time scale NT: Archaean Prediction Pressure reduction Proterozoic BT: Planning BT: Reservoir pressure RT: Forecasting RT: Gas production methods Precast concrete BT: Concrete Preferred orientation Pressure ridge RT: Lightweight concrete BT: Structural petrology BT: Glacial features Post tensioned concrete RT: Lineation Prestressed concrete Prestressed concrete Prehnite BT: Concrete Precautionary principle BT: Zeolite minerals RT: Post tensioned concrete BT: Environmental protection RT: Scolecite Precast concrete Prestressing Precession of the equinoxes Presintering BT: Geodesy Non-Preferred Prestressed concrete piles USE: Sintering Non-Preferred Precious metal coatings USE: Concrete piles BT: Coatings Presplitting RT: Precious metals BT: Blasting design Prestressing UF: Controlled blasting BT: Civil engineering Precious metal deposits RT: Prestressed concrete BT: Metalliferous deposits Pressure NT: Gold deposits BT: Physical properties Prices Platinum deposits NT: Hydrostatic pressure BT: Industry statistics Silver deposits Pore pressure NT: Coal prices RT: Precious metal ores Pressure gradient Metal prices Pressure measurement Mineral prices Precious metal ores Soil pressure Natural gas prices BT: Precious metals Wind pressure Oil prices RT: Precious metal deposits RT: Atmospheric pressure UF: Absolute pressure Primary crushers Precious metals Critical pressure Non-Preferred BT: Non ferrous metals USE: Crushers NT: Gold Pressure analysis Platinum group elements Non-Preferred Primary crushing Precious metal ores USE: Pressure buildup analysis Non-Preferred Silver USE: Crushing RT: Iridium Pressure buildup analysis Precious metal coatings BT: Reservoir pressure Primary geosyncline Silver alloys UF: Homer plots Non-Preferred UF: Noble metals Pressure analysis USE: Orthogeosyncline

166 BT-Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Primary gneiss Privatization Producing zone BT: Gneiss BT: Government policy BT: Petroleum reservoirs RT: Management RT: Gas sand Primary industry Oil reservoirs BT: Industry Probability Producing wells NT: Agriculture Non-Preferred UF: Producing horizons Forestry USE: Probability theory Mining industry Production Probability theory BT: Industry statistics Primary metallurgy BT: Statistical analysis Non-Preferred RT: Decision methods Production control USE: Mineral processing Information theory Non-Preferred Operations research USE: Production management Primary minerals Quality control BT: Minerals Reliability Production control (petroleum) NT: Rock forming minerals Statistical distributions Non-Preferred RT: Secondary minerals Statistical inference USE: Petroleum production UF: Probability methods Primary oil recovery Non-Preferred Probable ore reserves Production decline curve USE: Primary recovery BT: Ore reserves BT: Reservoir performance UF: Indicated ore reserves Primary recovery Production engineering BT: Reservoir performance Probes BT: Engineering RT: Oil recovery Non-Preferred NT: Offshore structures UF: Natural depletion USE: Logging equipment RT: Industrial engineering Primary oil recovery Production management Problematica Quality control Primary rocks BT: Trace fossils Non-Preferred RT: Hieroglyph Production management USE: Igneous rocks Pseudofossils BT: Management NT: Supply management Primary sedimentary structure Process control RT: Critical path method Non-Preferred BT: Control systems Industrial engineering USE: Sedimentary structures NT: Material balance Production engineering Process variables Quality control Primary waves Scheduling BT: Seismic waves Process heat reactors (nuclear) UF: Production control UF: Compressional waves Non-Preferred Production planning Pwave USE: Nuclear reactors Production methods Primates Process mineralogy Non-Preferred BT: Mammalia Non-Preferred USE: Industrial engineering NT: Hominoidea USE: Ore mineralogy Production planning Primers Process variables Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Process control USE: Production management USE: Detonators Process water Production platforms Principles BT: Mineral processing BT: Offshore structures BT: Theory RT: Water RT: Drilling platforms UF: Millwater Offshore production methods Printing Petroleum production BT: Publishing Producing horizons methods RT: Photocopying Non-Preferred Technical writing USE: Producing zone Production rate (petroleum) Non-Preferred Prismatic compass Producing wells USE: Reservoir performance Non-Preferred BT: Wells USE: Magnetic compasses NT: Discovery wells Production tests Gas wells Non-Preferred Prismatic jointing Oil wells USE: Well tests Non-Preferred RT: Injection wells USE: Columnar jointing Killed wells Productivity Producing zone BT: Management Pristane Shut in wells NT: Performance guarantee Non-Preferred Stripper wells Performance indicators USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Well completion RT: Efficiency UF: Flowing wells Incentives UF: Performance measures

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 167 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Professional ethics Promethium Galvanizing Non-Prefe"ed BT: Radioactive isotopes Paints USE: Code of ethics Rare earth elements RT: Corrosion

Professional papers Propane Protective tariffs NT: Discussion BT: Alkanes Non-Prefe"ed USE: Tariffs Professional societies Property damage BT: Organizations BT: Risk management Proterozoic RT: Consultants RT: Blasting BT: Precambrian UF: Engineering societies Buildings Scientific societies Natural hazards Protista Public risk BT: Micropalaeontology Profiling BT: Surveys Prop pants Proton precession magnetometers RT: Geophysical surveys BT: Fracturing (formation) BT: Magnetometers

Programmes Propylitization Prototheria NT: Work programmes BT: Hydrothermal Non-Prefe"ed metasomatism USE: Monotremata Programming (computers) Non-Preferred Proration Proved ore reserves USE: Computer software BT: Reservoir management BT: Ore reserves RT: Gas production methods UF: Measured ore reserves Programming languages Reserves Non-Prefe"ed Unitization Provenance USE: Computer software BT: Sedimentation Prosopon Programs (computers) BT: Palaeozoology Proximate analysis Non-Prefe"ed BT: Chemical analysis USE: Computer programs Prospect RT: Ultimate analysis Non-Preferred Progress reports USE: Mineral deposits Proximity logs BT: Reports Non-Prefe"ed RT: Annual reports Prospect evaluation USE: Resistivity logs Tour reports BT: Feasibility studies RT: Mine evaluation Psammite Project control Mineral economics BT: Sedimentary rocks Non-Prefe"ed Mineral valuation USE: Project management Ore reserve estimation Psephite Project valuation BT: Sedimentary rocks Project development BT: Project management Prospect valuation Pseudochlorite NT: Brownfields development Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Greenfields development USE: Mineral valuation USE: Septechlorite RT: Mine development Mineral valuation Prospecting Pseudofossils Petroleum development BT: Exploration BT: Fossils RT: Fossicking RT: Problematica Project management Prospector BT: Management Pseudogalena NT: Commissioning Prospector Non-Preferred Consultants BT: Personnel USE: Sphalerite Flow charting RT: Exploration Project development Fossicking Pseudomorphism Well programmes Prospecting BT: Crystal structure RT: Critical path method Design Prospects and leads Pseudorutile UF: Project control BT: Exploration BT: Ilmenite Project planning Prospectuses Psilomelane Project planning BT: Documentation BT: Manganese minerals Non-Preferred RT: Stocks and shares Manganese oxides USE: Project management Oxide minerals Protactinium RT: Bog manganese Project valuation BT: Radioactive isotopes BT: Economic analysis Pteridophyta RT: Prospect evaluation Protective coatings BT: Palaeobotany BT: Coatings NT: Ferns NT: Flame retardants Lycopsida

168 BT=Broader term; NT:...Na"ower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Ptygmatic folds Pulverized coal Punched tapes BT: Folds BT: Coal Non-Preferred USE: Computer hardware Pubic awarness Pulverizing Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Pure geophysics USE: Public relations USE: Grinding Non-Preferred USE: Solid earth geophysics Public health Pumice Pure shear BT: Safety BT: Acid igneous rocks Non-Preferred NT: Industrial health Industrial minerals USE: Shear properties Road safety Volcanic rocks RT: Air pollution RT: Abrasives Purification Infrastructure Lightweight aggregates BT: Chemical processes Pollution Perlite UF: Scoria Public participation Purity BT: Partnerships BT: Chemical composition Pump drainage NT: Contamination RT: Government participation BT: Drainage (dewatering) Pumping Public relations Pycnometer& RT: Drainage wells BT: Instruments BT: Management Mine drainage RT: Density RT: Industrial relations Well point drainage UF: Pubic awamess Pyrargyrite Pump tests BT: Silver minerals Public reserve BT: Well tests BT: Environmental protection NT: Aquifer tests Pyrite UF: Historic reserve Well discharge tests BT: Iron ores Public risk Iron sulphides BT: Risk management Pumped storage NT: Framboid BT: Energy RT: Property damage Marcasite RT: Energy storage UF: Risk analysis (hazards) RT: Pyrrhotite Hydroelectric power Sulphur generation Publishing Pumping NT: Photocopying Pyrite framboid BT: Physical processes Popular presentation Non-Preferred NT: Air lift Printing USE: Framboid Pump drainage Reports Reviews Pumping stations Pyroclastic rocks Pumps Serials BT: Volcanic rocks Siphoning Technical writing NT: Agglomerate Theses RT: Cone of depression Crystal tuff Drawdown Ignimbrite Slurry pumping Pulaskite La pi IIi UF: Artificiallift Non-Preferred Volcanic breccia USE: Alkali syenite Volcanic ejecta Pumping stations Volcanic tuff Pulmonary fibrosis BT: Pumping RT: Sedimentary rocks RT: Pipelines Non-Preferred Volcanic ash USE: Respiratory diseases Volcanic bombs Pumps UF: Pyroclastics BT: Pumping Pulp additives Volcaniclastics NT: Beam pumps BT: Additives Diaphragm pumps RT: Fillers Pyroclastics Sand pumps Non-Preferred Slurry pumps Pulps USE: Pyroclastic rocks BT: Mineral separation Submersible pumps RT: Flotation Sucker rod pumps Pyrogenesis Turbine pumps Non-Preferred Pulsars Vacuum pumps USE: Magmatism BT: Cosmology Well pumps RT: Mud systems Pyrolusite Pulse EM methods UF: Centrifugal pumps BT: Manganese minerals Non-Preferred Oxide minerals USE: Ground EM methods Punch core barrel RT: Manganese oxides Non-Preferred USE: Core barrels Pyrolysis Pulse EM surveys BT: Chemical processes BT: Ground EM surveys NT: Flash pyrolysis Transient EM surveys Punched cards Non-Preferred RT: Combustion UF: Crone EM surveys Cracking process PEM surveys USE: Computer hardware e USE_ directs the user to the preferred term 169 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Exothermic reactions Pyroxene alkali syenite Materials tests Incineration Non-Preferred Spectroscopy Pyrometallurgy USE: Alkali syenite Quantitative log analysis Pyrometallurgical equipment Pyroxene diorite Non-Preferred BT: Equipment BT: Diorite USE: Well log interpretation Pyrometallurgy NT: Kettles Pyroxene hornfels facies Quantum chemistry RT: Furnaces BT: Metamorphic facies BT: Chemistry Gasfumaces RT: Amphibolite facies RT: Physical chemistry

Pyrometallurgy Pyroxene monzonite Quantum mechanics BT: Extractive metallurgy Non-Preferred BT: Physics NT: Gas injection USE: Monzonite UF: Quantum theory Pyrometallurgical equipment Roasting Pyroxene syenite Quantum theory Segregation process BT: Syenite Non-Preferred Sintering USE: Quantum mechanics Smelting Pyroxenite RT: Autoclaves BT: Plutonic rocks Quarries Autogenous smelting Ultrabasic rocks BT: Quarrying Metallurgical furnaces NT: Hornblende pyroxenite NT: Pits Pyrolysis RT: Hypersthene gabbro RT: Mines Refining Peridotite Sublimation UF: Bronzitite Quarry rehabilitation Vapour metallurgy Diallagite BT: Land reclamation Hypersthenite Mine rehabilitation Pyrometamorphism Quarrying Non-Preferred Pyrrhotite USE: Thermal metamorphism BT: Iron ores Quarrying Iron sulphides BT: Surface mining Pyrometasomatism NT: Troilite NT: Quarries Non-Preferred RT: Pyrite Quarry rehabilitation USE: Metasomatism Sulphur Quarrying equipment RT: Rock fragmentation Pyrometric cone equivalent Strip mining Non-Preferred Q USE: PCE equivalent Quarrying equipment BT: Quarrying Pyrometry Qualitative analysis BT: Chemical analysis Non-Preferred NT: Flame tests Quartz USE: Thermometry BT: Industrial minerals RT: Chromatography Silica minerals Gas analysis Pyromorphite NT: Amethyst Mass spectroscopy BT: Lead minerals Quartzolite Materials tests Rock crystal Neutron spectroscopy Pyrope RT: Chalcedony Spectroscopy BT: Gamet Chert RT: Gemstones X ray fluorescence Cristobalite spectroscopy Greisen Pyrophyllite Opal BT: Industrial minerals Quality assurance Piezoelectric crystals BT: Management Topazite NT: Accreditation Pyroxene UF: Smoky quartz BT: Silicate minerals Benchmarking NT: Aegirine Quartz basalt Quality control Augite BT: Basalt Bronzite BT: Control systems RT: Materials tests Clinoenstatite Quartz crystal Operations research Clinopyroxene Non-Preferred Diopside Probability theory USE: Rock crystal Production engineering Enstatite Production management Hedenbergite Quartz diorite Hypersthene Total quality management BT: Diorite RT: Quartz mica diorite Jadeite Quantitative analysis Orthopyroxene UF: Tonalite Pigeonite BT: Chemical analysis NT: Elemental analysis Spodumene Quartz dolerite RT: Chromatography RT: Amphiboles BT: Dolerite Gas analysis

170 BT-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Quartz dust Radiation counters Non-Preferred R BT: Radiation measuring USE: Dust instruments NT: Gamma counters RAB drilling Quartz gabbro Geiger counters BT: Rotary drilling BT: Gabbro Nuclear emulsion counters UF: Rotary airblast drilling Scintillometers Quartz greywacke RT: Spectrometers Racemization dating BT: Graywacke UF: Ionization counters BT: Age determination methods Neutron spectrometers UF: Amino acid dating Quartz latite Particle counters Non-Preferred Radiometers USE: Latite Raceway BT: Blast furnaces Radiation damage Quartz mica diorite Non-Preferred Radar BT: Diorite USE: Radiation hazards RT: Quartz diorite BT: Remote sensing NT: Ground penetrating radar Radiation detectors Quartz monzonite Radar mapping Non-Preferred Non-Preferred SAR USE: Radiation measuring USE: Adamellite Side looking radar instruments RT: Navigation Quartz norite Radiation effects BT: Norite Radar imagery BT: Nuclear radiation BT: Imagery RT: Metamict minerals Quartz porphyry Radar mapping Radiation hazards BT: Porphyries RT: Side looking radar UF: Radioactive contamination RT: Granite porphyry Granophyre Radar mapping Radiation exposure BT: Mapping Non-Preferred Quartz reefs Radar USE: Irradiation Non-Preferred NT: Radar imagery USE: Quartz veins RT: Side looking radar Radiation hazards BT: Industrial health Quartz schist Radial drainage Nuclear radiation BT: Schist BT: Drainage (geomorphology) NT: Fallout RT: Geomorphology RT: Carcinogens Quartz syenite Dosimetry BT: Syenite Radiant heat Gamma radiation BT: Heat Health physics Quartz veins NT: Radiant heating BT: Veins Nuclear reactor safety Plutonium RT: Saddle reefs Radiant heating Radiation effects UF: Quartz reefs BT: Heating Radiation measuring Radiant heat instruments Quartzite RT: Solar heating BT: Metamorphic rocks Radiation protection Radioactive materials Sedimentary rocks Radiation Radioactive wastes UF: Feldspathic quartzite BT: Energy Radiobiology Micaceous quartzite NT: Atmospheric radiation Radon gas Orthoquartzite Background radiation UF: Nuclear hazards Earth radiation Radiation damage Quartzolite Electromagnetic radiation Reactor hazards BT: Igneous rocks Extraterrestrial radiation Quartz Infrared radiation Radiation logging UF: Silexite Irradiation Non-Preferred Nuclear radiation USE: Radioactivity logging Quaternary Radiography BT: Cainozoic Ultraviolet radiation Radiation logs NT: Holocene RT: Acoustic waves Non-Preferred Pleistocene Gamma irradiation USE: Radioactivity logs UF: Ionizing radiation Queueing theory BT: Statistical analysis Radiation measuring instruments Radiation belts BT: Instruments RT: Mathematical models BT: Earth atmosphere Nuclear radiation Operations research Extraterrestrial radiation UF: Bunching NT: Beryllium detectors RT: Solar radiation Dosimeters Quicksilver Radiation counters Non-Preferred RT: Mass spectroscopy USE: Native mercury Radiation hazards

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 171 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Radioactivity surveys Fission tracks UF: Radiogenic isotopes UF: Radiation detectors Radioactive half life Radioisotopes Radioactivity survey Radiogenic heat Radionuclides equipment RT: Alpha radiation Beta radiation Radioactive materials Radiation protection Gamma radiation BT: Nuclear radiation BT: Nuclear radiation Irradiation NT: Radioactive isotopes Safety Isotope ratio Radioactive tracers NT: Radioprotective agents Nuclear radiation Radioactive wastes Radon protection Radioactive isotopes RT: Isotope separation RT: Nuclear reactor safety UF: Radioactive disintegration Radiation hazards Radiation hazards Safe handling Radon detection Radioactive decontamination UF: Radiation shielding BT: Decontamination Radioactive minerals BT: Minerals Radiation shielding Radioactive disintegration NT: Metamict minerals Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Sklodowskite USE: Radiation protection USE: Radioactive decay Thorium minerals Uranium minerals Radiation surveys Radioactive half life RT: Technetium Non-Preferred BT: Radioactive decay USE: Radioactivity surveys RT: Radioactive isotopes Radioactive properties Radiogenic heat BT: Nuclear radiation Radiation well logging UF: Halflife NT: Disequilibrium Non-Preferred RT: Rock geophysics USE: Radioactivity logging Radioactive isotope dating Non-Preferred Radioactive tracers Radiation well logs USE: Radiometric dating BT: Radioactive materials Non-Preferred USE: Radioactivity logs Radioactive isotopes Radioactive waste processing BT: Radioactive materials BT: Radioactive wastes Radio astronomy NT: Actinium isotopes RT: Waste disposal BT: Astronomy Americium isotopes Radioactive wastes NT: Extraterrestrial radio waves Berkelium isotopes BT: Radioactive materials Radio telescope Caesium isotopes Wastes Californium isotopes NT: Radioactive waste processing Radio communication Carbon isotopes RT: Industrial wastes BT: Communications Cerium isotopes Pollution NT: Satellite communication Cobalt isotopes Radiation hazards. RT: Remote control Curium isotopes Synroc Einsteinium isotopes Waste burial Radio imaging Fermium isotopes Water pollution BT: Seismic monitoring Iodine isotopes UF: Nuclear wastes RT: In seam seismic methods Krypton isotopes Lawrencium isotopes Radioactive well logging Radio telescope Lead isotopes Non-Preferred BT: Radio astronomy Mendelevium isotopes USE: Radioactivity logging Neodymium isotopes Radioactivation analysis Neptunium isotopes Radioactivity BT: Instrumental chemical Nobelium isotopes Non-Preferred analysis Osmiridium isotopes USE: Nuclear radiation RT: Beryllium detectors Plutonium isotopes Neutron spectroscopy Polonium Radioactivity anomaly UF: Activation analysis Promethium Non-Preferred Protactinium USE: Radiometric anomalies Radioactive age determination Radium isotopes Non-Preferred Strontium isotopes Radioactivity exploration USE: Radiometric dating Thorium isotopes Non-Preferred Tritium isotopes USE: Radioactivity surveys Radioactive contamination Uranium isotopes Non-Preferred Zinc isotopes Radioactivity logging USE: Radiation effects RT: Isotope separation BT: Welllogging Isotopes NT: Radioactivity logs Radioactive dating Nuclear radiation UF: Gamma logging Non-Preferred Radioactive decay Neutron logging USE: Radiometric dating Radioactive half life Nuclear logging Radiobiology Nuclear well logging Radioactive decay Radiochemistry Radiation logging BT: Nuclear reactions Radiometric dating Radiation well logging NT: Decay constant Stable isotopes Radioactive well logging

172 BT'-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Radioactivity logs Radiogenic isotopes Thorium dating BT: Radioactivity logging Non-Preferred Tritium dating Well logs USE: Radioactive isotopes Uranium thorium lead dating NT: Nuclear magnetism logs RT: Radioactive isotopes UF: Gamma logs Radiogenic lead UF: Isotope age Neutron gamma logs Non-Preferred Isotopic age determination Neutron logs USE: Lead isotopes Radioactive age Neutron neutron logs determination Nuclear logs Radiography Radioactive dating Radiation logs BT: Radiation Radioactive isotope dating Radiation well logs RT: Materials tests Radiogenic dating Physical metallurgy Radiometric age Radioactivity prospecting X ray analysis determination Non-Preferred X ray fluorescence Zircon dating USE: Radioactivity surveys spectroscopy X ray spectroscopy Radiometric exploration Radioactivity survey equipment . UF: Microradiography Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Radiology USE: Radioactivity surveys USE: Radiation measuring Radiolysis instruments Radiometry Radiometric interpretation BT: Geophysical interpretation Radioactivity survey methods Radioisotopes BT: Geophysical methods Radiometric maps Radioactivity surveys Non-Preferred USE: Radioactive isotopes BT: Geophysical maps NT: Track etch survey methods RT: Remote sensing Radioactivity surveys Radiolaria BT: Micropalaeontology Radiometric profiles BT: Geophysical surveys BT: Geophysical profiles NT: Aerial radioactivity surveys Ground radioactivity surveys Radiology Non-Preferred Radiometric sorting Radioactivity survey methods USE: Radiography BT: Ore sorting Radiometric anomalies Track etch surveys Radiolysis Radiometric surveys RT: Background radiation Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Nuclear radiation USE: Radioactivity surveys Radiation measuring USE: Radiography instruments Radiometers Radiometry UF: Radiation surveys Non-Preferred Radioactivity exploration Non-Preferred USE: Radiation counters USE: Radiography Radioactivity prospecting Radiometric exploration Radionuclides Radiometric surveys Radiometric age determination Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Scintillometer surveys USE: Radiometric dating USE: Radioactive isotopes Spectrometer surveys Radiometric anomalies Radioprotective agents Radiobiology BT: Geophysical anomalies BT: Radiation protection BT: Industrial health RT: Radiation hazards Radioactivity surveys UF: Radioactivity anomaly Radium Radioactive isotopes BT: Alkaline earth metals NT: Radium isotopes Radiocarbon Radiometric assaying BT: Assaying Non-Preferred RT: Wet assaying Radium isotopes USE: Carbon isotopes BT: Radioactive isotopes Radiocarbon dating Radiometric dating Radium Non-Preferred BT: Age determination methods USE: Carbon dating NT: Argon argon dating Radon Carbon dating Non-Preferred Radiochemistry Fission track dating USE: Radon gas BT: Chemistry Helium dating NT: Isotope separation Ionium thorium dating Radon anomalies Isotopic number Lead isotope dating BT: Geophysical anomalies RT: Radioactive isotopes Lutetium hafnium dating Neodymium samarium dating Radon compounds Radiogenic dating Neodymium strontium dating BT: Rare gases Non-Preferred Pleochroic halo dating USE: Radiometric dating Potassium argon dating· Radon daughters Potassium calcium dating Non-Preferred Radiogenic heat Rhenium osmium dating USE: Radon progeny BT: Radioactive decay Rubidium strontium dating RT: Radioactive half life Strontium dating

USE directs the user to the preferred term 173 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Radon detection Rain shadow Rapakivi texture BT: Radon gas BT: Meteorology BT: Rock textures RT: Radiation protection Track etch surveys Raindrop impressions Rare earth elements Non-Preferred BT: Non ferrous metals Radon gas USE: Rain prints NT: Cerium BT: Rare gases Dysprosium NT: Radon detection Rainfall Erbium Radon progeny BT: Precipitation (meteorology) Europium Radon protection RT: Hydrology Gadolinium RT: Mine gases Snow Holmium Radiation hazards Soil erosion Lanthanum UF: Radon Lutetium Raise boring Neodymium Radon isotopes BT: Raising Praseodymium Non-Preferred Promethium USE: Radon progeny Raised beaches Samarium BT: Beaches Scandium Radon progeny RT: Sea level Terbium BT: Radon gas Stranded coastlines Thorium RT: Uranium isotopes UF: Strandlines Thulium UF: Radon daughters Ytterbium Radon isotopes Raising Yttrium Thoron BT: Underground mining RT: Monazite NT: Raise boring Rare earth magnets Radon protection RT: Shaft sinking UF: Lanthanide series metals BT: Radiation protection Winzing La nth anons Radon gas UF: Raising (mining) Rare earth metals Rare earths Radon soil surveys Raising (mining) Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Rare earth magnets USE: Soil gas surveys USE: Raising BT: Magnetic minerals RT: Rare earth elements Rafting Rake classifiers BT: Sediment transport BT: Size classifiers Rare earth metals NT: Ice rafting RT: Bowl classifiers Non-Preferred Centrifugal separators USE: Rare earth elements Rail ballast Drag classifiers BT: Aggregates Rare earth minerals RT: Road metal Raman effect BT: Metalliferous minerals BT: Physics NT: Bastnaesite Rail transportation RT: Raman spectroscopy Euxenite BT: Transportation UF: Raman scattering Fergusonite NT: Locomotives Thorium minerals Raman scattering Railroad tunnels Non-Preferred Rare earths Non-Preferred USE: Raman effect Non-Preferred USE: Railway tunnels USE: Rare earth elements Raman spectroscopy Railway engineering BT: Spectroscopy Rare gases BT: Engineering RT: Raman effect BT: Gases RT: Highway engineering NT: Argon Railway tunnels Rammers Helium BT: Seismic energy source Krypton Railway tunnels Neon BT: Tunnels Ramp Radon compounds RT: Railway engineering Non-Preferred Radon gas Tunnelling USE: Declines Xenon UF: Railroad tunnels RT: Liquid helium Random sampling UF: Inert gases Rain erosion BT: Sampling Noble gases Non-Preferred USE: Water erosion Range finders Raster data BT: Surveying instruments Non-Preferred Rain gauges USE: Spatial data BT: Meteorological instruments Rangelands BT: Environmental management Raw materials Rain prints BT: Materials BT: Sedimentary structures Rankine cycle RT: Extractive metallurgy UF: Raindrop impressions BT: Thermodynamics

174 BT-Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Rayleigh waves Recharge wells Mineral processing Non-Preferred BT: Artificial ground water RT: Extractive metallurgy USE: Surface waves recharge Wells Recrystallization (metals) RC drilling RT: Aquifers BT: Physical metallurgy BT: Drilling Ground water UF: Reverse circulation drilling Injection wells Recrystallization (mineralogy) Water table BT: Geological processes Reaction border RT: Diagenesis Non-Preferred Reciprocating compressors Magnetism USE: Reaction rim Non-Preferred Metamorphism USE: Compressors Reaction rim Recrystallization (separation) BT: Mineralogy Reclaiming Non-Preferred RT: Paragenesis BT: Materials handling USE: Crystallization UF: Reaction border RT: Coal storage Stockpiling Recumbent folds Reaction series UF: Rehandling Non-Preferred BT: Paragenesis USE: Overturned folds UF: Bowen reaction series Reclamation Recycling BT: Land use planning BT: Waste treatment Reactivity NT: Land reclamation NT: Waste oil recycling BT: Chemical properties RT: Conservation Water recycling Mine rehabilitation RT: Conservation Reactor cores Industrial wastes BT: Nuclear reactors Reclined folds Metal scrap Non-Preferred Salvage materials Reactor hazards USE: Overturned folds Tailings retreatrnent Non-Preferred Waste disposal USE: Radiation hazards Recommissioning Water treatment BT: Commissioning Ready mixed concrete RT: Decommissioning Red algae BT: Concrete Non-Preferred Reconditioning (wells) USE: Algae Reagents Non-Preferred NT: Activating reagents USE: Well servicing Red bed copper deposits Flotation reagents BT: Copper deposits Inhibitors Reconnaissance Wetting agents BT: Planning Red bed facies RT: Surveying BT: Sedimentary facies Realgar Surveys BT: Arsenic minerals Red beds UF: Orpiment Records management BT: Terrestrial sediments BT: Information management RT: Arid environment Reamers RT: Documentation BT: Drill bits Knowledge management Red brown earth Reaming UF: Filing systems BT: Soils RT: Rotary drill bits Recoverable gas reserves Red lead Reaming BT: Natural gas reserves Non-Preferred BT: Drilling Recoverable reserves USE: Minium NT: Reamers RT: Recoverable oil reserves RT: Rotary drilling Red mud Recoverable oil reserves BT: Mine wastes Recent BT: Oil reserves RT: Bauxite Non-Preferred Recoverable reserves USE: Holocene RT: Recoverable gas reserves Redox potential BT: Chemical properties Recharge (ground water) Recoverable reserves Non-Preferred BT: Reserves Redox process USE: Ground water recharge NT: Recoverable gas reserves Non-Preferred Recoverable oil reserves USE: Oxidation reduction Recharge area reactions BT: Ground water recharge Recovery UF: Intake area SN: Use in context of extraction Reducing agents efficiency BT: Reduction (chemistry) Recharge basins BT: Mining RT: Inhibitors Non-Preferred Reservoir engineering Smelting USE: Ground water recharge NT: Coal recovery UF: Deoxidizers Hydrocarbon processing Reducing reagents

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 175 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Reducing environment Refineries Refractive index liquid BT: Geological environment Silver refining BT: Refractive index RT: Anaerobic processes Tin refining UF: Immersion liquid Zinc refining Reducing reagents RT: Cracking process Refractivity Non-Prefe"ed Extractive metallurgy BT: Optical properties USE: Reducing agents Petroleum refining NT: Refractive index Pyrometallurgy UF: Refractometers Reduction (chemistry) Smelting BT: Chemical processes Sublimation Refractometers NT: Direct reduction Value adding Non-Preferred lro11 powder USE: Refractivity Reducing agents Reflectance (remore sensing) Sulphate reduction Non-Prefe"ed Refractories USE: Terrain reflectance Non-Preferred Reef breccia USE: Refractory materials BT: Breccia Reflectance tests UF: Reef talus Non-Prefe"ed Refractory clays USE: Reflectivity BT: Clays Reef complexes UF: Fire clay Non-Preferred Reflection (seismic) USE: Reefs BT: Seismic surveys Refractory coatings RT: Deconvolution BT: Coatings Reef limestone Seismic reflection surveys Refractory materials BT: Limestone UF: Seismic reflection RT: Refractory concretes RT: Bioherms UF: Corallimestone Reflection goniometer Refractory concretes Non-Preferred BT: Refractory materials Reef sediments USE: Goniometers RT: Ceramics BT: Sediments Refractory coatings Reflection profile Reef talus Non-Preferred Refractory gold ores Non-Preferred USE: Seismic profiles BT: Gold ores USE: Reef breccia Refractory ores Reflection shooting Reefs Non-Preferred Refractory materials BT: Landforms USE: Seismic shooting BT: Industrial materials NT: Algal reefs NT: Carbon refractories Bioherms Reflectivity Ferrotungsten Coral reefs BT: Optical properties Firebrick Thrombolites RT: Vitrinite reflectance Fireclay refractories RT: Atolls UF: Brightness Heat resistant materials Coastal features Reflectance tests Magnesite refractories UF: Back reefs Reflectors Porcelain Fore reefs Whiteness index Refractory coatings Reef complexes Refractory concretes Reflectors Refractory mortars Reference databases Non-Preferred Silicate refractories BT: Databases USE: Reflectivity RT: Ceramics UF: Bibliographic databases Clays Reforestation Furnaces Refined hydrocarbons Non-Preferred Hearths BT: Hydrocarbons USE: Revegetation Kyanite NT: Diesel fuel Moulding materials Kerosene Refraction (seismic) Silica brick Lubricating oil BT: Seismic refraction surveys Sillimanite Naphthas Zircon Refraction profile UF: Acid refractories Refineries Non-Prefe"ed Basic refractories BT: Refining USE: Seismic profiles Bituminous bonded refractories Refining Refraction shooting Ceramic refractories BT: Mineral processing Non-Prefe"ed Neutral r~fractories NT: Aluminium refining USE: Seismic shooting Refractories Copper refining Drossing Refractive index Refractory mortars Electrolytic refining BT: Refractivity BT: Mortars Gold refining NT: Refractive index liquid Refractory materials lead refining UF: Index of refraction Nickel refining

176 BT=Broader term; NT=Na"ower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Refractory ores Regional reserves Geological interpretation BT: Ores BT: Environmental protection Geophysical interpretation NT: Refractory gold ores RT: National parks Photointerpretation RT: Complex ores Gold ores Regional reviews Relative age BT: Reviews BT: Geological age Refrigerating machinery BT: Equipment Regional surveys Relative density RT: Refrigeration BT: Surveys BT: Soil properties UF: Areal surveys Refrigeration Relative molecular mass BT: Cooling Regional unconformity Non-Preferred RT: Air conditioning BT: Unconformity USE: Molecular weight Mine ventilation Refrigerating machinery Regolith Reliability Temperature control BT: Surficial sediments BT: Statistics RT: Probability theory Refuge chambers Regolith mapping BT: Mine safety BT: Geological mapping Relict texture RT: Mine rescue RT: Regional mapping BT: Mineral textures

Refuse Regolith maps Relief maps Non-Preferred BT: Maps Non-Preferred USE: Wastes RT: Geochemical maps USE: Topographic maps Geological maps Refuse disposal Relief models Non-Preferred Regression analysis BT: Physical models USE: Waste disposal BT: Statistical analysis NT: Trend surface analysis Relief wells Regenerative fuel cells UF: Linear regression BT: Wells Non-Preferred RT: Drainage wells USE: Fuel cells Regressive sediments Gas wells BT: Marine sediments Oil wells Regional dip RT: Marine regression BT: Dip Remagnetization RT: Monoclines Regulators Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Palaeomagnetism Regional geography USE: Control systems BT: Geography Remanent magnetism Rehabilitation BT: Magnetic field intensity Regional geology BT: Environmental protection Magnetic properties BT: Geology NT: Mine rehabilitation RT: Induced magnetism NT: Geological province RT: Bioremediation Palaeomagnetism UF: Areal geology Phytoremediation UF: Remanent magnetization UF: Landscaping Regional geophysics Remediation Remanent magnetization BT: Geophysics Non-Preferred Rehandling USE: Remanent magnetism Regional gravity maps Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Reclaiming Remediation USE: Gravity maps Non-Preferred Reinforced concrete USE: Rehabilitation Regional mapping Non-Preferred BT: Geological mapping USE: Concrete Remote areas RT: Regional maps BT: Geography Regolith mapping Reinforced earth NT: Wilderness Structural mapping BT: Foundation engineering RT: Community development Developing countries Regional maps Reinforcement methods Land use planning BT: Geological maps BT: Foundation engineering RT: Regional mapping NT: Gabions Remote control UF: Areal maps Geotextiles BT: Control systems Retaining walls RT: Automatic control Regional metamorphism RT: Engineering geology Automation BT: Metamorphism Soil stabilization Computer control NT: Metamorphic complex Electronic control Reinterpretation Radio communication Regional metasomatism BT: Interpretation Television BT: Metasomatism RT: Data processing Geochemical interpretation

USE- directs the user to the preferred term GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Remote sensing Diapsida Observation wells BT: Earth sciences RT: Tetrapods Permeability NT: Aerial photography Porosity Imagery Research and development Reservoir performance Mineral signatures NT: Mineral research Water drive Radar Mining research Well completion Rock signatures Petroleum research Sensor mapping Space research Reservoir fluids Spacecraft sensing RT: Laboratories BT: Petroleum reservoirs Terrain reflectance Market research RT: Brines Thermal infrared scanning Formation water RT: Extraterrestrial geology Research laboratories Natural gas GIS Non-Preferred UF: Oil field fluids Photogeology USE: Laboratories Photointerpretation Reservoir gas oil ratio Radiometric maps Research management Non-Preferred Spatial databases BT: Management USE: Gas oil ratio Thematic mapper surveys Reserves Reservoir geometry Renewable energy BT: Natural resources BT: Reservoir characteristics SN: Preferably use more NT: Coal reserves NT: Reservoir boundary specific term, eg. solar energy Ore reserves RT: Permeable reservoirs BT: Energy Petroleum reserves NT: Biomass Recoverable reserves Reservoir management Coastal energy RT: Depletion BT: Petroleum engineering Geothermal energy Development NT: Proration Hydroelectric energy Formation tests Unitization Oil seeds Ore reserve estimation Solar energy Proration Reservoir performance Wind energy Resource assessment BT: Petroleum production Wood UF: Resource reserves methods RT: Electric vehicles NT: Bottom hole temperature Reserves {natural reserves) Carbon dioxide flooding Repeat formation tests Non-Preferred Formation damage Non-Preferred USE: National parks Gas liquid ratio USE: Formation tests Natural gas liquid recovery Reservoir boundary Observation wells Replacement deposits BT: Reservoir geometry Oil liquid ratio BT: Mineral deposits Petroleum recovery Reservoir characteristics Petroleum well drives Replacement dyke BT: Reservoir engineering Primary recovery BT: Wall rock alteration NT: Layered reservoirs Production decline curve Permeable reservoirs Reservoir pressure Report writing Reservoir geometry Reservoir stimulation Non-Preferred Reservoir quality Shale oil recovery USE: Technical writing UF: Reservoir properties Well deliverability RT: Formation evaluation Reports Reservoir data Fractured reservoirs BT: Publishing BT: Reservoir engineering Oil reservoirs NT: Annual reports RT: lsochore maps Reservoir engineering Drillers reports UF: Petroleum production rate Expert reports Reservoir engineering Production rate (petroleum) Operations reports BT: Petroleum engineering Well performance Progress reports NT: Core analysis Technical reports Enhanced recovery Reservoir pressure Tour reports Formation tests BT: Reservoir performance RT: Editing Gas oil interface NT: Formation pressure Serials Gas water interface Pressure buildup analysis - Oil water interface Pressure reduction Reprocessing Petroleum production Well pressure BT: Seismic interpretation methods RT: Hydrostatic pressure NT: Post stack reprocessing Recovery UF: Initial reservoir pressure Pre stack depth migration Reservoir characteristics Shut in pressure UF: Data reprocessing Reservoir data Static reservoir pressure Seismic reprocessing Reservoir simulation Well tests Reservoir pressure buildup Reptilia RT: Drawdown Non-Preferred BT: Vertebrata Formation evaluation USE: Pressure buildup analysis Vertebrate palaeontology Formation pressure NT: Anapsida Gas production methods

178 BT'-Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing

Reservoir properties Residual soils Resistivity sounding Non-Preferred BT: Soils BT: Resistivity surveys USE: Reservoir characteristics RT: Laterites UF: Electrical resistivity sounding Sedimentary soils Vertical electrical sounding Reservoir quality Transported soils BT: Reservoir characteristics Resistivity survey equipment RT: Penneable reservoirs Residues BT: Electrical survey equipment BT: Wastes Resistivity surveys Reservoir rock RT: Mine wastes BT: Petroleum reservoirs Resistivity surveys RT: Gassand Resin cements BT: Electrical surveys BT: Cements NT: Resistivity curves Reservoir simulation RT: Grouting Resistivity methods BT: Reservoir engineering Portland cements Resistivity profiles Rock bolting Resistivity profiling Reservoir stimulation UF: Epoxy resins Resistivity sounding BT: Enhanced recovery Resistivity survey equipment Reservoir performance Resin in pulp process Schlumberger array NT: Carbon dioxide flooding BT: Hydrometallurgy RT: IP surveys Condensing steam drive RT: Gold UF: MMR surveys Fracturing (fonnation) Resistivity exploration Injection patterns Resinite Injection wells Non-Preferred Resource assessment Thennal recovery methods USE: Exinite BT: Economic analysis Water flooding Natural resources RT: Gas production methods Resins RT: Coal resources Gas reservoirs NT: lon exchange resins Energy resources Oil recovery Evaluation UF: Fonnation simulation Resistivity Mineral economics Secondary oil recovery BT: Electrical properties Mineral resources Secondary recovery RT: Conductivity Offshore resources Stimulation UF: Apparent resistivity Onshore resources Tertiary recovery Electrical resistivity Petroleum resources Well stimulation Reserves Resistivity curves Resource sterilization Reservoirs (petroleum) BT: Resistivity surveys Strategic materials Non-Preferred Water resources USE: Petroleum reservoirs Resistivity exploration Non-Preferred Resource development Reservoirs (water) USE: Resistivity surveys BT: Natural resources Non-Preferred RT: Exploration USE: Dams Resistivity logging Trial mining BT: Electrical well logging Residential subdivisions NT: Resistivity logs Resource economics BT: Urban planning UF: Contact logging BT: Natural resources Lateral logging RT: Economic analysis Residual anomaly maps Micrologging BT: Gravity maps Nonnal logging Resource maps RT: Bouguer anomaly maps BT: Maps Free air anomaly maps Resistivity logs Natural resources BT: Electrical well logs NT: Coal resource maps Residual deposits Resistivity logging Mineral resource maps SN: Deposits formed by in situ RT: Conductivity logs Petroleum resource maps weathering UF: Contact logs Water resource maps BT: Mineral deposits Lateral logs RT: Petroleum occurrence maps RT: Bauxite Microlaterlogs Lateritic nickel deposits Micrologs Resource rent tax UF: Surficial deposits Nonnallogs BT: Taxation Proximity logs RT: Royalties Residual maps BT: Stratigraphic maps Resistivity methods Resource reserves BT: Electrical survey methods Non-Preferred Residual oils Resistivity surveys USE: Reserves BT: Crude oil Resistivity profiles Resource sterilization Residual sediments BT: Geophysical profiles SN: Resources made BT: Sediments Resistivity surveys unavailable by government land NT: Lag sediments policies Resistivity profiling BT: Land use planning BT: Resistivity surveys RT: Resource assessment

USE- directs the user to the preferred term 179 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Resources Return on investment Rhenium isotopes Non-Preferred BT: Economic analysis BT: Rhenium USE: Natural resources RT: Accounting Rhenium osmium dating Respirable dust Revegetation BT: Radiometric dating Non-Preferred BT: Mine rehabilitation USE: Dust Vegetation Rheological properties NT: Hydromulching BT: Rheology Respirators RT: Conservation RT: Viscosity BT: Equipment Ground cover UF: Flow properties Safety devices Land reclamation RT: Dust filters Mine wastes Rheology Mine gases Soil conservation BT: Earth sciences Soil erosion NT: Flow texture Respiratory diseases Stabilized dunes Rheological properties BT: Industrial health Tailings dams RT: Clays NT: Asbestosis Water conservation Deformation (structural Pneumoconiosis Wind breaks geology) UF: Miners phthisis UF: Reforestation Pulmonary fibrosis Rhodium Revenue BT: Platinum group elements Restite BT: Accounting NT: Rhodium isotopes BT: Migmatite RT: Royalties RT: Magmatic segregation Rhodium isotopes Reverberatory furnaces BT: Rhodium Restricted basins BT: Furnaces BT: Ocean basins RT: Openhearth furnaces Rhodochrosite RT: Sedimentary environments BT: Carbonate minerals UF: Barred basin Reverse circulation drilling Manganese minerals Non-Preferred Resuing mining USE: RC drilling Rhodonite BT: Selective mining BT: Gemstones RT: Dilution (ore) Reverse drag fold Manganese minerals Non-Preferred RT: Bustamite Retaining walls USE: Drag folds BT: Reinforcement methods Rhomb porphyry RT: Mine support Reverse fault Non-Preferred Tailings dams Non-Preferred USE: Syenite porphyry USE: Compression faults Retardants Rhombohedral system BT: Inhibitors Reverse osmosis Non-Preferred RT: Oil well cements BT: Osmosis USE: Hexagonal system Water treatment Retene RT: Demineralization Rhyodacite BT: Aromatic hydrocarbons Electroosmosis BT: Acid igneous rocks Volcanic rocks Retirement funds Reverse slip faults RT: Dacite Non-Preferred BT: Dip slip faults Rhyolite USE: Superannuation UF: Toscanite Reversed polarity Retort furnaces Non-Preferred Rhyolite BT: Metallurgical furnaces USE: Geomagnetic reversals BT: Acid igneous rocks Volcanic rocks Retorting Reviews NT: Rhyolite porphyry BT: Extractive metallurgy BT: Publishing RT: Granite RT: Vapourization NT: Book reviews Rhyodacite Literature reviews Retreat mining Regional reviews Rhyolite glass BT: Coal mining World reviews Non-Preferred RT: Block caving RT: State of the art USE: Volcanic glass Longwall mining Pillar recovery Revolving screens Rhyolite porphyry Non-Preferred BT: Porphyries Retrograde diagenesis USE: Sizing screens Rhyolite BT: Diagenesis UF: Hypergenesis Rhenium Rhythmites BT: Non ferrous metals BT: Sedimentation Retrograde metamorphism NT: Rhenium isotopes RT: Sedimentary cycle BT: Metamorphism

180 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Retated term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing

Richter scale Risk analysis Lakes BT: Earthquake magnitude BT: Risk management Landforms RT: Seismology RT: Decision methods Management River flow Riebeckite Risk assessment BT: Rivers BT: Amphiboles Sovereign risk RT: Stream flow Fibrous minerals UF: River currents Risk analysis (hazards) Riedel shear Non-Preferred River gradient BT: Faults USE: Public risk BT: Rivers Shear properties RT: Hydraulic gradient Risk assessment Streams Rietveld method BT: Risk management UF: Degrading stream BT: Crystallography RT: Risk analysis Graded streams Stream gradient Rift basins Risk management BT: Sedimentary basins BT: Management River load NT: Insurance BT: Rivers Rift faults Legal liability Suspended sediments BT: Faults Property damage NT: Bed load Rift valleys Public risk Dissolved load NT: Rift zone Risk analysis UF: Stream load UF: Rifts Risk assessment Security River pollution Rift valleys BT: Water pollution BT: Landforms River basins RT: Effluents Structural geology BT: Watersheds Industrial wastes NT: Rift faults RT: Drainage (geomorphology) Limnology RT: Oceanic ridges Flood control Waste disposal Plate tectonics Hydrology UF: Stream pollution Sea floor spreading Runoff Submarine faults Streamflow River sands Submarine topographic Surface waters BT: Sands features Water conservation Water table River system Rift zone BT: Geomorphology BT: Rift faults River capture Rivers BT: Rivers Rifts RT: Geomorphology River terraces Non-Preferred BT: River features USE: Rift faults River channels UF: Terraces BT: River features Ring complex UF: Fluvial channel Riverine plains BT: Igneous intrusions Non-Preferred UF: Concentric structures River currents USE: Flood plains Non-Preferred Ring dykes USE: River flow Rivers BT: Igneous intrusions BT: Surface waters River engineering NT: Anabranching Riparian zone BT: Civil engineering Braided channel BT: Biota Riparian zone Rivers River erosion River capture RT: Littoral zone BT: Erosion River erosion Streams Rivers River features RT: Channelsands River flow Rippability Streamflow River gradient BT: Rock properties Water erosion River load RT: Excavation UF: Gully erosion River system UF: Excavation conditions Lateral accretion Streams Lateral erosion RT: Bedload Ripple marks Stream erosion Deltas BT: Sedimentary structures Estuaries UF: Asymmetric ripple mar1< River features Flood plains Climbing ripple BT: Rivers Limnology Current ripple mar1

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 181 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

~~Road metal Rock crushers RT: Silicate analysis BT: Aggregates Non-Preferred Trace analysis RT: Rail ballast USE: Crushers UF: Petrochemistry~~

Road safety Rock crystal Rock geophysics BT: Public health BT: Quartz BT: Geophysics Safety UF: Quartz crystal NT: Petrophysics RT: Acoustic properties Road transportation Rock cutting Electrical properties BT: Transportation BT: Rock excavation Magnetic properties NT: Haulage vehicles Physical properties RT: Haul roads Rock deformation Radioactive properties Tyres BT: Deformation (structural Rock properties geology) Thermal conductivity Roads NT: Boudinage BT: Infrastructure Brecciation Rock gypsum Mylonitization Non-Preferred Roasters Strain ellipse USE: Gypsum BT: Metallurgical furnaces RT: Clastic deformation Roasting Rock mechanics RT: Furnaces Rock drilling BT: Geomechanics BT: Drilling NT: Floor heave Roasting NT: Jumbos Rock outbursts BT: Pyrometallurgy Longhole drilling Rock pressure NT: Roasters RT: Hydraulic drilling Rock properties RT: Sintering Pneumatic drilling Rock tests Smelting UF: Airtrac drilling Slope stability UF: Calcination Blasthole drilling RT: Blasting Civil engineering Robotics Rock drills Engineering geology BT: Automation BT: Pneumatic drills Foundations Ground control Roche moutonnee Rock eval pyrolysis Landslides BT: Glacial features BT: Core analysis Mine support RT: Maturation Mining engineering Rock anchors Mining research Non-Preferred Rock excavation Overcoring USE: Cable bolting BT: Excavation Penetration resistance NT: Rock cutting Rock bolting Rock bolting Rock fragmentation BT: Ground control Rock filling Roof control Mine support BT: Mine filling Soil mechanics RT: Cable bolting Grouting Rock flour Rock minerals Resin cements BT: Glacial sediments Non-Preferred Rock mechanics RT: Fault gouge USE: Rock forming minerals Roof control UF: Glacial flour Tunnelling Rock noise UF: Roof bolt Rock forming minerals Non-Preferred BT: Primary minerals USE: Microseisms Rock bursts NT: Accessory minerals BT: Rock pressure Silica minerals Rock outbursts RT: Coal outbursts Silicate minerals BT: Rock mechanics Mine safety RT: Mineral assemblage RT: Outburst prevention UF: Mine bursts UF: Rock minerals Rock phosphate Rock chemistry Rock fragmentation Non-Preferred BT: Chemistry BT: Blasting USE: Phosphate rock NT: Rock geochemistry RT: Comminution Silicate analysis Quarrying Rock polish Whole rock analysis Rock mechanics Non-Preferred UF: Breakage USE: Desert varnish Rock chip sampling Fragmentation BT: Geochemical sampling Rock pressure RT: Geochemical exploration Rock geochemistry BT: Rock mechanics UF: Bed rock sampling SN: Associated with distribution NT: Microseisms Channel sampling of elements in rocks and designation Rock bursts of chemical characteristics of rocks UF: Lithostatic pressure BT: Geochemistry Rock chemistry

~~182 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT:-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Rock properties Fragmental texture Roof control BT: Rock mechanics Granoblastic texture BT: Mine support NT: Fissility Granophyric texture RT: Mine filling Rippability Granular texture Mine pillars RT: Acoustic properties Holocrystalline texture Mine safety Hardness ldiomorph texture Rock bolting Lithology Igneous rock textures Rock mechanics Petrophysics Lithographic texture Shotcrete Porosity Macrocrystalline textures Timbering (mines) Rock geophysics Metamorphic rock textures UF: Roof support Rock tests Microcrystalline textures Shear strength Mylonitic textures Roof support Tensile strength Myrmekitic texture Non-Preferred Toughness Poikilitic texture USE: Roof control Porphyritic texures Rock salt Roofing slate BT: Halite Rock varnish BT: Slate NT: Rock salt deposits Non-Preferred RT: Sodium chloride USE: Desert varnish Room and pillar mining BT: Coal mining Rock salt deposits Rock weathering Underground mining BT: Evaporite deposits Non-Preferred RT: Longwall mining Rock salt USE: Weathering Mine pillars Open stope mining Rock sections Rockfill dams Pillar recovery Non-Preferred BT: Dams UF: Bord and pillar mining USE: Thin sections RT: Earth dams Gravity dams Rose diagrams Rock signatures BT: Graphic presentation BT: Remote sensing Rod milling RT: Terrain reflectance BT: Grinding Rosiwal analysis NT: Rod mills BT: Petrology Rock stratigraphic unit BT: Stratigraphy Rod mills Rotary airblast drilling UF: Lithostratigraphic unit BT: Grinding mills Non-Preferred Rod milling USE: RAB drilling Rock stratigraphic zone RT: Ball mills BT: Stratigraphy Hammer mills Rotary compressors UF: Lithostratigraphic zone Pebble mills Non-Preferred USE: Compressors Rodinia Rock structures BT: Palaeogeography BT: Structural geology Rotary core barrel RT: NT: Augen structure Gondwana BT: Core barrels Laurasia Cleavage Pangaea Cleavage banding Rotary drill bits Cleavage plane Supercontinent BT: Drill bits Tethys Foliation NT: Diamond bits Vaalbara Fractured rock Drag bits Jointing Roller bits Roll compacting Lamination RT: Coring bits BT: Compaction Schistosity Reamers Soil stabilization Rotary drills RT: Soil mechanics Rock tests BT: Rock mechanics Rotary drilling RT: Rock properties Roll crushers BT: Drilling BT: Crushers NT: RAB drilling RT: Cone crushers Rock textures Rotary drills BT: Textures Gyratory crushers Rotary percussion drilling High pressure comminution NT: Amygdaloidal textures RT: Auger drilling Jaw crushers Eutaxitic texture Core drilling Flow texture Stamp batteries Directional drilling Gneissic structure Roller bits Percussion drilling Mineral streaking BT: Rotary drill bits Reaming Oolitic texture Slim hole drilling Rapakivi texture Rolling mills Turbine drills RT: Boudinage BT: Steel making Desert varnish Rotary drilling rigs UF: Coarse grained rock Roof bolt Non-Preferred Coarsely crystalline Non-Preferred USE: Rotary drills Cryptocrystalline texture USE: Rock bolting

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 183 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Rotary drilling tables Rubidium BT: Rotary drills BT: Alkali metals s UF: Rotary tables NT: Rubidium isotopes S type granite Rotary drills Rubidium isotopes BT: Granite BT: Drills BT: Rubidium Rotary drilling RT: Potassic igneous rocks NT: Rotary drilling tables Rubidium strontium dating Swave Shothole drill BT: Radiometric dating RT: Drill pipe Non-Preferred USE: Shear waves Drilling equipment Ruby Mud systems BT: Corundum Sabkas Rotary drill bits Gemstones Non-Preferred Weight indicators RT: Industrial gems USE: Sabkhas Well servicing UF: Rotary drilling rigs Ruby glass Sabkhas BT: Glass BT: Paralic environment Rotary filters UF: Sabkas Non-Preferred Rudite USE: Filters Non-Preferred Saddle reefs USE: Conglomerate Rotary kilns BT: Lodes RT: Quartz veins Non-Preferred Rugose coral USE: Furnaces BT: Coral Safe handling BT: Materials handling Rotary percussion drilling Runoff RT: Flammable liquids BT: Percussion drilling BT: Hydrology Hazardous materials Rotary drilling NT: Disposal basins Industrial safety RT: Pneumatic drills Runoff coefficient Radioactive materials Storm water Toxic substances Rotary smelting RT: Evapotranspiration Non-Preferred Hydrologic cycle Safe yield USE: Smelting Precipitation (meteorology) BT: Ground water management River basins NT: Specific yield Rotary tables Soil erosion Non-Preferred Water conservation Safety USE: Rotary drilling tables Watersheds NT: Accident prevention UF: Surface water runoff Accidents Rotation of the earth Flame retardants Non-Preferred Runoff coefficient Industrial safety USE: Earth rotation BT: Runoff Mine safety Nuclear reactor safety Royalties Rural planning Public health BT: Government policy BT: Planning Radiation protection RT: Accounting Road safety Ucences Rusting Safety code Mineral policy BT: Corrosion Safety devices Patents RT: Oxidation Safety engineering Petroleum policy Safety factor Resource rent tax Ruthenium Safety training Revenue BT: Platinum group elements Warning systems Taxation NT: Ruthenium isotopes RT: Fire protection RRMIP surveys Ruthenium isotopes Mine gases Non-Preferred BT: Ruthenium Mine shafts USE: IP surveys Mine ventilation Rutile UF: Health and safety Rubber liners BT: Oxide minerals Occupational health and BT: Uners Titanium minerals safety NT: Rutile sands Workplace safety Rubber sleeve core barrel Synthetic rutile BT: Core barrels RT: Leucoxene Safety code Titanium BT: Codes Rubble UF: Anatase Safety BT: Aggregates Brookite RT: Detritus Safety devices Riprap Rutile sands BT: Safety BT: Mineral sands NT: Respirators Rutile RT: Accident prevention Blowout prevention

~~184 BT'-Broader term; NT Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Gas detectors Salinity surveys Sea water Safety lamps BT: Ground water surveys UF: Brackish water Warning systems Saline water Salinization Safety engineering BT: Saline soils Salt water conversion BT: Safety RT: Disposal basins Non-Preferred NT: Explosion barriers USE: Demineralization RT: Accident prevention Salt Industrial safety BT: Industrial minerals Salt water encroachment Mining engineering NT: Brine salt BT: Ground water depletion Noise reduction Salt deposits NT: Salt water front Ventilation Salt harvesting RT: Ground water Salt production Water influx Safety factor UF: Salt water intrusion BT: Safety Salt anticlines Sea water intrusion UF: Factor of safety BT: Diapirs NT: Caprock Salt water front Safety lamps Salt domes BT: Salt water encroachment BT: Mine safety UF: Saline interface RT: Safety devices Salt damp BT: Soil water Salt water intrusion Safety training Non-Preferred BT: Education Salt deposits USE: Salt water encroachment Safety BT: Evaporite deposits NT: Alcohol Salt Saltation Drugs BT: Sediment transport Salt diapirs Saleeite BT: Diapirs Salvage materials BT: Autunite RT: Salt domes BT: Waste management RT: Metal scrap Sales management Salt dome breccia Recycling Non-Preferred BT: Breccia USE: Marketing Samarium Salt domes BT: Rare earth elements Salina BT: Salt anticlines NT: Samarium isotopes Non-Preferred RT: Salt diapirs USE: Salt lakes Samarium isotopes Salt fields BT: Samarium Saline fluids BT: Salt harvesting BT: Metamorphic fluid RT: Solar evaporation Sample location maps RT: Salt water BT: Location maps Salt harvesting RT: Geochemical maps Saline interface BT: Salt Geological maps Non-Preferred NT: Salt fields USE: Salt water front Sample logs Salt lakes Non-Preferred Saline soils BT: Lakes USE: Graphic logs BT: Soils RT: Playa lakes NT: Salinization UF: Salina Sample preparation RT: Salinity Salt pans BT: Sampling Salt water NT: Sample splitting Soil chemistry Salt pans UF: Sadie soils Non-Preferred Sample splitting USE: Salt lakes BT: Sample preparation Saline tailings BT: Tailings Salt plugs Sampling BT: Diapirs BT: Physical processes Saline water NT: Air sampling Non-Preferred Salt production Bottom sampling USE: Salt water BT: Industrial material statistics Bulk sampling Salt Core sampling Salinity NT: Solar evaporation Drill cuttings sampling BT: Chemical properties Dust sampling NT: lsosalinity maps Salt water Gas sampling RT: Demineralization BT: Water Geochemical sampling Saline soils NT: Bitterns Grab sampling Brines Heavy mineral sampling Salinity currents RT: Demineralization Lake sediment sampling Non-Preferred Saline fluids Mine sampling USE: Density currents Saline soils MMI technique

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 185 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Ore sampling Sand ridge Coffinite Random sampling Non-Preferred Sands Sample preparation USE: Dunes Siltstone Sampling equipment UF: Arenite Sampling methods Sand screens Argillaceous sandstone Sampling theory BT: Sand control Arkosic arenite Sidewall sampling Fontainebleau sandstone Tailings sampling Sand seas Freestone Water sampling BT: Deserts Kaolinised sandstone RT: Assaying Micaceous sandstone Grade control Sand shale ratio Sericitic sandstone Statistical analysis BT: Lithology Silty sandstone UF: Clastic ratio Sampling equipment Sandstone dykes BT: Equipment Sand washing BT: Intrusive sedimentary Sampling BT: Industrial sand mining structures NT: Shale shaker RT: Building sands Scrubbing Sandstone reservoirs Sampling methods BT: Petroleum reservoirs BT: Sampling Sandbars BT: Beaches Sandstone sills Sampling theory RT: Sands Non-Preferred BT: Sampling UF: Bars USE: Intrusive sedimentary Statistical analysis Berms structures Coastal berms Sand blasting Emerged bars Sandy conglomerate BT: Abrasion Non-Preferred Sands USE: Conglomerate Sand compaction BT: Clastic sediments Non-Preferred NT: Aeolian sands Sandy gravel USE: Soil compaction Beach sands Non-Preferred Building sands USE: Gravel Sand control Calcareous sands BT: Well completion Channel sands Sandy loam NT: Gravel packing Foundry sands BT: Soils Sand screens Gamet sands RT: Chemical grouts Gas sand Sandy shale Lost circulation Glass sands BT: Shale UF: Sand exclusion Glauconitic sands UF: Shaly sand Mineral sands Sand dunes Oil sands Sanidine Non-Preferred River sands BT: Alkali feldspars USE: Dunes Silica sands Silty sands Saponite Sand dykes Singing sands BT: Montmorillonite Non-Preferred RT: Aggregates USE: Intrusive sedimentary Blanket sands Sapphire structures Dunes BT: Corundum Fines Gemstones Sand exclusion Fulgurites RT: Industrial gems Non-Preferred Gravel USE: Sand control Grit Sapphirine Moraines BT: Silicate minerals Sand filters Moulding materials BT: Filters Noncohesive soils Saprolite RT: Water treatment Sandbars BT: Chemical weathering UF: Trickling filters Sandstone Soil textures Sapropel Sand mining Soils BT: Algae Non-Preferred UF: Coarse sand NT: Coorongite USE: Industrial sand mining Sandstone Sapropelic coal Sand pits BT: Clastic rocks BT: Coal BT: Industrial sand mining NT: Arkose NT: Cannel coal Pits Arkosic sandstone RT: Construction materials Calcareous sandstone SAR Channel sands BT: Radar Sand pumps Wacke UF: Synthetic aperture radar BT: Pumps RT: Arenaceous rocks Building stones

~~186 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Re/ated term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Sarcoptergii Scapolite Science BT: Pisces BT: Feldspathoids NT: Forensic science NT: Marialite Natural science Sasol process Meionite Physical science BT: Coal liquefaction Mizzonite Spatial science RT: Synthetic fuels UF: Wernerite Theory Satellite altimetry BT: Satellite geodesy Scapolitization Science history BT: Metamorphism BT: History NT: History of geology Satellite communication BT: Radio communication Scarp Mining history Non-Preferred USE: Escarpments Science policy Satellite geodesy BT: Geodesy BT: Government policy Scavenging NT: Satellite altimetry BT: Flotation Scientific societies RT: Satellite navigation Non-Preferred Scheduling USE: Professional societies Satellite imagery BT: Operations research BT: Imagery Spacecraft sensing RT: Critical path method Scintillation counters Production management Non-Preferred UF: Landsat imagery Supply management USE: Scintillometers Satellite navigation Scintillation detectors BT: Navigation Scheelite BT: Tungsten minerals Non-Preferred RT: GPS USE: Scintillometers Satellite geodesy RT: Wolframite Schist Scintillation spectrometers Saturation Non-Preferred BT: Physical properties BT: Metamorphic rocks NT: Amphibolite schist USE: Scintillometers RT: Porosity Andalusite schist Saturn Blueschist Scintillometer surveys Calc silicate schist Non-Preferred BT: Planets Calcareous schist USE: Radioactivity surveys Sausage structure Chiastolite schist Chlorite schist Scintillometer& Non-Preferred Crystalline schist BT: Radiation counters USE: Boudinage Dumortierite RT: Gamma counters Gamet mica schist Geiger counters Saussuritization Graphite schist UF: Alpha particle detectors BT: Metamorphism Gamma ray spectrometer RT: Chloritization Greenschist Knotted schist Neutron counters Kyanite schist Neutron detectors Saxonite Mica schist Scintillation counters Non-Preferred Pelitic schist Scintillation detectors USE: Peridotite Quartz schist Scintillation spectrometers Scaling up Sillimanite schist Staurolite schist Scolecite BT: Plant design Talc schist BT: Zeolite minerals RT: Pilot plants RT: Schistosity UF: Augen schist Scolecodonta Scandium Spotted schist BT: Micropalaeontology BT: Rare earth elements NT: Scandium isotopes Schistosity Scoops BT: Rock structures BT: Earth moving equipment Scandium isotopes RT: Dredges BT: Scandium RT: Axial plane cleavage Cleavage Cleavage banding Scoria Scanning electron microscopes Cleavage plane Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Foliation USE: Pumice USE: Electron microscopes Schist Scoria tuff Scanning electron microscopy Schlumberger array Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Electrode array USE: Volcanic tuff USE: Electron microscopy Resistivity surveys Scorodite Scaphopoda Schorl BT: Arsenic minerals BT: Mollusca Non-Preferred USE: Tourmaline Scouring BT: Erosion

~~USE directs the user to the preferred term 187 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Scrap metal Sand washing Sea level Non-Preferred UF: Counter current washing BT: Eustacy USE: Metal scrap Washing RT: Isostasy Land bridge Scrapers Scyphozoa Raised beaches BT: Excavation equipment BT: Coelenterata Tides RT: Pipeline pig Road headers Sea bed Sea ooze Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Scratch hardness tests USE: Sea floor USE: Oozes Non-Preferred USE: Hardness tests Sea bottom Sea surface Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Scree USE: Sea floor USE: Ocean surface BT: Mechanical weathering NT: Scree slope Sea floor Sea water RT: Colluvium BT: Submarine topographic BT: Water Landslides features RT: Bitterns Scree breccia RT: Abyssal zone Brines UF: Talus Benthonic zone Demineralization Littoral zone Oceans Scree breccia Neritic zone Oxygen deficit BT: Breccia Submarine mineral deposits Saltwater RT: Scree UF: Ocean bottom UF: Talus breccia Ocean bottom topography Sea water corrosion Ocean floor BT: Corrosion Scree slope Sea bed BT: Scree Sea bottom Sea water intrusion UF: Talus slope Non-Preferred Sea floor sampling USE: Salt water encroachment Screen analysis Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Bottom sampling Sea weed USE: Size classification BT: Marine environment Sea floor sediments Vegetation Screening (sizing) BT: Marine sediments UF: Sea grass Non-Preferred RT: Deep sea sediments USE: Size screening Seals Sea floor spreading Non-Preferred Screens (sizing) BT: Plate tectonics USE: Traps (petroleum) Non-Preferred RT: Benioff zones USE: Sizing screens Expanding earth Seals (reservoir) Island arcs BT: Petroleum reservoirs Screw conveyors Oceanic ridges RT: Low permeability BT: Conveyors Rift valleys reservoirs UF: Auger conveyors Subduction zones Submarine trenches Seamounts Screw feeders Transform faults BT: Submarine topographic Non-Preferred UF: Ocean floor spreading features USE: Feeders Sea floor trench Seasonal variation Scribing· Non-Preferred BT: Climatology BT: Cartography USE: Submarine trenches RT: Diurnal variation Sedimentation Scrubbers Sea grass Varves BT: Scrubbing Non-Preferred RT: Air cleaners USE: Sea weed Second derivative maps Air pollution control Non-Preferred Dust control Sea ice USE: Derivative maps Filters BT: Glaciation Mineral separators Ice Secondary blasting UF: Air washers RT: Sheet ice BT: Blasting Washers (cleaners) UF: Barrier ice NT: Secondary breaking Bay ice UF: Popping Scrubbing Drift ice BT: Mineral processing Ice floes Secondary breaking NT: Gas scrubbing Icebergs BT: Secondary blasting Scrubbers NT: Dropball RT: Elutriation Filtration Mineral separation

~~188 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Secondary crushers Sediment transport Sedimentary mineral deposits Non-Preferred BT: Sedimentation Non-Preferred USE: Crushers NT: Rafting USE: Sedimentary ores Saltation Secondary crushing Suspended sediments Sedimentary ores Non-Preferred RT: Bed load BT: Ores USE: Crushing Rivers RT: Indicator beds Sediments Mineral deposits Secondary enrichment Mineral genesis BT: Ore genesis Sedimentary basins Sediment hosted deposits RT: Oxidized ores BT: Basins Stratabound deposits Supergene alteration NT: Basin analysis Stratiform deposits UF: Hypergene enrichment Cratonic basins Syngenesis Supergene enrichment Rift basins Syngenetic deposits RT: Artesian basins UF: Sedimentary mineral deposits Secondary industry Foreland basins SN: Non mineral/petroleum Ocean basins Sedimentary petrography industries, eg. manufacturing UF: Depositional basins Non-Preferred industry USE: Sedimentary petrology BT: Industry Sedimentary cycle NT: Manufacturing industry BT: Sedimentation Sedimentary petrology RT: Rhythmites BT: Petrology Secondary metallurgy Sedimentary geology Non-Preferred Sedimentary deposits NT: Sedimentary facies USE: Physical metallurgy Non-Preferred Sedimentary rocks USE: Sediments UF: Sedimentary petrography Secondary minerals BT: Minerals Sedimentary differentiation Sedimentary processes RT: Oxidized ores BT: Sedimentation Non-Preferred Primary minerals RT: Diagenesis USE: Sedimentation

Secondary oil recovery Sedimentary dykes Sedimentary rocks Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Sedimentary petrology USE: Reservoir stimulation USE: Intrusive sedimentary NT: Arenaceous rocks structures Argillaceous rocks Secondary recovery Banding Non-Preferred Sedimentary environments Carbon trash USE: Reservoir stimulation BT: Geological environment Carbonaceous rocks NT: Deltaic environment Carbonate rocks Secondary wave Marine environment Chalk Non-Preferred Non marine environment Chert USE: Shear waves Paralic environment Clastic rocks RT: Arid environment Claystone Sectility Restricted basins Coal BT: Physical properties UF: Depositional environment Diatomaceous earth UF: Carving properties Environment of deposition Ironstone Environmental deposition Pelite Secular movements Phosphorite BT: Crustal movements Sedimentary facies Psammite RT: Isostasy BT: Facies Psephite Sedimentary petrology Quartzite Secular variation NT: Deltaic facies Turbidite BT: Geomagnetism Flysch RT: Alluvium RT: Geomagnetic variation Geosynclinal facies Evaporite deposits Molasse Pyroclastic rocks Security Paralic facies Sedimentary structures BT: Risk management Red bed facies Sedimentation NT: Fingerprinting Shelf facies Theft Sedimentary soils Sedimentary geology BT: Soils Sediment history BT: Geology RT: Residual soils Non-Preferred NT: Lithology USE: Sedimentary history Sedimentary petrology Sedimentary structures Sedimentation BT: Sedimentation Sediment hosted deposits UF: Sedimentology NT: Algal structures BT: Mineral deposits Avalanche bedding RT: Sedimentary ores Sedimentary history Bedding planes BT: Sedimentation Cast (sedimentary) UF: Sediment history Concordant bedding Cone in cone structure

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Contemporaneous RT: Clarifiers Seismic activity defonnation Sedimentation ponds Non-Preferred Convolute bedding Water treatment USE: Seismicity Current bedding UF: Settling tanks Cut and fill structures Seismic anisotropy Depositional dip Sedimentology BT: Seismic waves Discordant bedding Non-Preferred Geode USE: Sedimentary geology Seismic arrays Graded bedding Non-Preferred Hieroglyph Sediments USE: Seismic spread Intrusive sedimentary BT: Sedimentation structures NT: Aeolian sediments Seismic belt Lens Alluvium Non-Preferred Mud cracks Anaerobic sediments USE: Earthquake zones Olistostrome Blanket sands Pi so lith Calcareous sediments Seismic correlation Rain prints Carbonaceous sediments Non-Preferred Ripple marks Carbonate sediments USE: Seismic interpretation Shrinkage cracks Clastic sediments Slumping Detrital sediments Seismic data Stratum Ferruginous sediments BT: Geophysical data Stylolite Geothennal sediments Tepee Marine sediments Seismic detection RT: Aeolian Melange BT: Seismic monitoring Geological structures Organic sediments Sedimentary rocks Phosphatic sediments Seismic discontinuity Slump breccia Reef sediments BT: Seismic interpretation Stratification Residual sediments RT: Moho UF: Primary sedimentary Silts structure Surficial sediments Seismic energy source Terrestrial sediments BT: Seismic surveys Sedimentary volcanism Unconsolidated sediments NT: Air gun sound source Non-Preferred Varves Aquapulse USE: Diapirism Volcanogenic sediments Directed line source RT: Fluviomarine sediments Rammers Sedimentation Gravel Shot hole BT: Geological processes Sediment transport Sparker sound source Sedimentary geology Soils Vibroseis NT: Biogenic sedimentation UF: Sedimentary deposits Weight dropping Burial RT: Explosives Chemical sedimentation Seed collecting Deposition BT: Seeds Seismic epicentre Diagenesis BT: Earthquakes Marine regression Seed germination UF: Epicentre Marine transgression BT: Seeds Hypocentre Provenance Rhythmites Seed storage Seismic event Sediment transport BT: Seeds BT: Seismic interpretation Sedimentary cycle RT: Earth tremors Sedimentary differentiation Seeds Earthquakes Sedimentary history BT: Vegetation Sedimentary structures NT: Seed collecting Seismic exploration Sediments Seed gennination Non-Preferred Stratification Seed storage USE: Seismic surveys RT: Bed load Biomarkers Seepage Seismic filtering Deltas BT: Springs BT: Seismic interpretation Erosion RT: Darcys law Seasonal variation Grouting Seismic intensity Sedimentary rocks Infiltration BT: Earthquakes UF: Geological sedimentation Soil mechanics NT: Mercalli scale Sedimentary processes Underflow RT: Earthquake effects Earthquake magnitude Sedimentation ponds Segregation process UF: Earthquake intensity BT: Size classifiers BT: Pyrometallurgy RT: Sedimentation tanks RT: Smelting Seismic interpretation BT: Geophysical interpretation Sedimentation tanks Seifdunes Seismology BT: Size classifiers BT: Dunes NT: Direct detection NT: Suspensions UF: Longitudinal dune Multiple reflections

~~190 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Reprocessing Seismic record Seismic shooting Seismic discontinuity Non-Preferred BT: Seismic surveys Seismic event USE: Seismographs NT: Correlation shooting Seismic filtering Shot datum Seismic migration Seismic reflection UF: Reflection shooting Seismic noise Non-Preferred Refraction shooting Seismic profiles USE: Reflection (seismic) Seismic stacking Seismic spread Seismic stratigraphy Seismic reflection exploration BT: Seismic surveys Seismographs Non-Preferred RT: Seismographs Static corrections USE: Seismic reflection surveys Seismological stations Tau p transform UF: Acoustic arrays Tomography Seismic reflection methods Seismic arrays RT: Deconvolution BT: Seismic reflection surveys Seismicity Seismic survey methods Seismic stacking UF: Seismic correlation NT: AVO methods BT: Seismic interpretation Seismic processing RT: Seismic profiles Seismic reflection surveys UF: Stacked profile Seismic investigations BT: Seismic surveys Non-Preferred NT: Seismic reflection methods Seismic stratigraphy USE: Seismic surveys Synthetic seismograms BT: Seismic interpretation RT: Reflection (seismic) Stratigraphy Seismic isochron Seismic refraction surveys RT: Sequence stratigraphy BT: Seismic maps Time gradient RT: lsochron Transformed waves Seismic survey equipment lsochron maps UF: Continuous profiling BT: Seismic surveys Dip shooting Seismic line Seismic reflection Seismic survey methods BT: Seismic surveys exploration BT: Geophysical methods Velocity profiling Seismic surveys Seismic maps NT: Deep seismic methods BT: Geophysical maps Seismic refraction exploration In seam seismic methods NT: Seismic isochron Non-Preferred Marine seismic methods RT: Earthquake zones USE: Seismic refraction surveys Seismic reflection methods Isopach maps Seismic refraction methods Seismic profiles Seismic refraction methods RT: Crosshole geophysics BT: Seismic refraction surveys Seismic migration BT: Seismic interpretation Seismic survey methods Seismic surveys BT: Geophysical surveys Seismic refraction surveys NT: Deep seismic surveys Seismic monitoring BT: Seismicity BT: Seismic surveys In seam seismic surveys NT: Refraction (seismic) Marine seismic surveys NT: Radio imaging Seismic refraction methods Reflection (seismic) Seismic detection RT: Earthquake prediction RT: Seismic reflection surveys Seismic energy source Time lead Seismic line In seam seismic surveys UF: Seismic refraction Seismic reflection surveys Microseisms Seismic surveys exploration Seismic refraction surveys Seismic shooting Seismic reprocessing Seismic spread Seismic noise BT: Earthquakes Non-Preferred Seismic survey equipment USE: Reprocessing Seismic survey methods Seismic interpretation Seismic traverses RT: Background noise Seismic risk Three dimensional seismic BT: Seismic risk zones surveys Seismic processing RT: Earthquakes Two dimensional seismic Non-Preferred USE: Seismic interpretation surveys Seismic risk zones Well velocity surveys Seismic profiles BT: Seismic zones RT: Direct detection BT: Geophysical profiles NT: Seismic risk Seismic monitoring Seismic interpretation Seismology NT: Vertical seismic profiles Seismic sea wave Seismometers RT: Seismic maps Non-Preferred UF: Seismic exploration Seismic stacking USE: Tsunamis Seismic investigations UF: Reflection profile Seismic prospecting Refraction profile Seismic sections Seismic sections Non-Preferred Seismic tomography imaging USE: Seismic profiles BT: Tomography Seismic prospecting Non-Preferred Seismic traverses USE: Seismic surveys BT: Seismic surveys

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 191 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Seismic velocity Seismological stations Self potential exploration BT: Seismicity BT: Observatories Non-Preferred NT: Arrival time RT: Seismic spread USE: SP surveys Attenuation Seismographs Delay time Seismometers Self potential logging Delta T Non-Preferred First arrival Seismologists USE: SP logging High velocity layer BT: Geophysicists Low velocity layer Self potential logs Time break Seismology Non-Preferred Time depth curve BT: Solid earth geophysics USE: SP logs Time distance curve NT: Earthquakes Time gradient Seismic interpretation Self potential methods Time lead Seismicity Non-Preferred Traveltime RT: Arrival time USE: SP methods Velocity profiles Eustacy UF: T delta T Isostasy Self potential survey equipment Richter scale Non-Preferred Seismic waves Seismic surveys USE: SP survey equipment BT: Elastic theory Volcanology NT: Primary waves Self potential surveys Seismic anisotropy Seismometers Non-Preferred Shear wave splitting BT: Equipment USE: SP surveys Shear waves Seismicity Surface waves RT: Accelerometers Semi precious stones Transformed waves Seismic surveys Non-Preferred RT: Attenuation Seismographs USE: Gemstones Explosion effects Seismological stations Shock waves . Vibration Semianthracite UF: Earthquake wave UF: Geophones Non-Preferred Torsion seismometers USE: Anthracite Seismic zones BT: Seismicity Selective mining Semiarid lands NT: Earthquake zones BT: Grade control Non-Preferred Seismic risk zones Mining USE: Arid environment NT: Resuing mining Seismicity RT: Cut and fill mining Semibituminious coal BT: Seismology Cutoff grade Non-Preferred NT: Induced seismicity Dilution (ore) USE: Subbituminous coal lsoseismal lines Seismic monitoring Selenite Semiconductor materials Seismic velocity Non-Preferred NT: Germanium Seismic zones USE: Gypsum Selenium Seismometers RT: Silica Shear waves Selenium Sonic waves BT: Semiconductor materials Seminar RT: Acoustic properties NT: Selenium alloys Non-Preferred Earthquakes Selenium isotopes USE: Conferences Episodes Selenium minerals Seismic interpretation Semisubmersible platforms UF: Seismic activity Selenium alloys BT: Drilling platforms BT: Alloys Seismogram Selenium Sensitivity analysis Non-Preferred BT: Economic analysis USE: Seismographs Selenium isotopes BT: Selenium Sensor mapping Seismographs BT: Remote sensing BT: Seismic interpretation Selenium minerals NT: Digital seismographs BT: Non metalliferous minerals Sepiolite Synthetic seismograms Selenium BT: Clay minerals RT: Seismic spread UF: Meerschaum Seismological stations Self fluxing Seismometers BT: Fluxes Septechlorite UF: Earthquake recorders RT: Pelleting BT: Kaolinite Earthquake records NT: Amesite Seismic record Self potential curve Berthierine Seismogram Non-Preferred Cronstedtite USE: SP curve RT: Chlorite UF: Pseudochlorite

~~192 BT=Broader term; NT:...Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

~~Sequence stratigraphy Sewerage Shale oil processing BT: Stratigraphic correlation Non-Preferred BT: Shaleoil RT: Seismic stratigraphy USE: Sewage RT: Shale oil recovery~~

Sequencing batch reactor Shaft boring Shale oil recovery BT: Water treatment plant BT: Shaft sinking BT: Reservoir performance RT: Bioremediation Shale oil Shaft kilns RT: Shale oil processing Serials Non-Preferred BT: Publishing USE: Furnaces Shale shaker UF: Journals BT: Sampling equipment Periodicals Shaft linings BT: Mine shafts Shallow depth Sericite RT: Tunnel linings BT: Drilling BT: Mica Mineral deposits Shaft sinking Sericitic sandstone BT: Mine shafts Shallow focus earthquakes Non-Preferred NT: Shaft boring BT: Earthquakes USE: Sandstone Winzing RT: Caisson Shallow water Series Drilling BT: Oceanic zones BT: Geological time Excavation RT: Continental shelf RT: Stage Headframes Littoral zone Mine hoisting Pelagic zone Serpentine Mining BT: Asbestos Raising Shaly sand NT: Chrysotile Shoring Non-Preferred Greenalite Underground mining USE: Sandy shale RT: Mineral fibres Olivine Shaft surveying Shaped charges Serpentinite BT: Mine surveying BT: Explosives

Serpentine marble Shafts Shareholders Non-Preferred Non-Prefe"ed Non-Preferred USE: Marble USE: Mine shafts USE: Investors Shares Serpentinite Shale Non-Preferred BT: Metamorphic rocks BT: Clastic rocks USE: Stocks and shares RT: Peridotite NT: Calcareous shale Serpentine Carbonaceous shale Shatter breccia Ultrabasic rocks Chloritic shale BT: Breccia Feldspathic shale Serpentinization Heaving shale Shatter cone BT: Metasomatism Mudstone BT: Impact structures Oil shale RT: Cryptoexplosion structure Sesquiterpanes Sandy shale Non-Preferred Siliceous shale Shear USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons RT: Siltstone Non-Preferred UF: Clay shale USE: Shear properties Setting time Dolomitic shale BT: Cements Micaceous shale Shear cleavage BT: Cleavage Settling tanks Shale diapirs Non-Preferred BT: Diapirs Shear planes USE: Sedimentation tanks UF: Mud lumps BT: Shear properties Settling velocity Shale oil Shear properties BT: Deposition BT: Fossil fuels BT: Physical properties RT: Flotation NT: Shale oil chemistry NT: Riedel shear Shale oil processing Shear planes Sewage Shale oil recovery Shear strength BT: Wastes RT: Crudeoil UF: Pure shear NT: Sewage treatment Oil shale Shear RT: Effluents Shear strain UF: Sewerage Shale oil chemistry Shearing BT: Organic chemistry Simple shear Sewage treatment Shale oil BT: Sewage Shear strain RT: Water recycling Non-Preferred USE: Shear properties

~~USE- directs the user to the prefe"ed term 193 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Shear strength Shock waves Shovels BT: Shear properties BT: Blasting vibration BT: Excavation equipment Strength of materials RT: Earthquakes RT: Dredges RT: Compressive strength Seismic waves Power shovels Failure (materials) Road headers Fatigue (materials) Shonkinite Rock properties Non-Preferred Shrinkage cracks Tensile strength USE: Syenite BT: Sedimentary structures UF: Shear stress RT: Desiccation (geology) Shoran UF: Desiccation cracks Shear stress Non-Prefe"ed Non-Preferred USE: Navigation Shrinkage stoping USE: Shear strength BT: Stope mining Shore erosion Shear wave splitting Non-Preferred Shut in pressure BT: Seismic waves USE: Beach erosion Non-Prefe"ed UF: Birefringence USE: Reservoir pressure Shore protection Shear waves Non-Prefe"ed Shut in wells BT: Seismic waves USE: Coast protection BT: Wells Seismicity RT: Exploratory wells UF: Swave Shores Killed wells Secondary wave BT: Coastal features Oil wells Producing wells Shear zone Shoring BT: Fault zone BT: Mine support Sial RT: Shaft sinking Non-Prefe"ed Shearing Trenching USE: Continental crust Non-Preferred USE: Shear properties Short wall mining Side blown converters BT: Coal mining Non-Preferred Sheet erosion USE: Converters BT: Soil erosion Shoshonite BT: Basic igneous rocks Side dumpers Sheet ice Volcanic rocks BT: Materials handling equipment BT: Ice RT: Basalt RT: Bottom dumpers RT: Sea ice Potassic igneous rocks Mine transportation Tipplers Sheet piles Shot break BT: Piles Non-Preferred Side looking radar RT: Concrete piles USE: Shot datum BT: Radar RT: Radar imagery Sheet sands Shot datum Radar mapping Non-Preferred BT: Seismic shooting UF: Stereo radar USE: Blanket sands UF: Shot break Upholetime Side scan sonar Shelf facies BT: Sonic detection BT: Sedimentary facies Shot drilling RT: Bathymetry BT: Drilling Shell grit Side tracking BT: Industrial materials Shot point maps Non-Preferred BT: Line location maps USE: Directional drilling Shell sand Non-Preferred Shotcrete Siderite USE: Calcareous sands BT: Ground control BT: Carbonate minerals Mine support Iron ores Sherritt process RT: Roof control BT: Nickel refining Siderolite RT: Lateritic nickel deposits Shothole BT: Meteorites BT: Seismic energy source Shield NT: Shothole drill Sidetracked hole BT: Cratons BT: Well drilling Earth crust Shothole drill UF: Continental shield BT: Rotary drills Sidewall core Shothole Non-Preferred Shipping USE: Sidewall sampling BT: Water transportation Shothole velocity surveys RT: Ports BT: Well velocity surveys Sidewall core barrel BT: Core barrels

~~194 BT=Broader term; NT=Na"ower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

~~Sidewall coring Quartz Silicified wood Non-Preferred Stishovite Non-Preferred USE: Sidewall sampling Tridymite USE: Fossil wood~~

Sidewall sampling Silica sands Silicon BT: Sampling BT: Sands NT: Silica Well logging RT: Calcareous sands Silicon carbide UF: Sidewall core Silicate analysis Silicon cycle Sidewall coring Silicon isotopes BT: Chemical analysis Rock chemistry Sieve analysis Silicon carbide RT: Rock geochemistry Non-Preferred BT: Carbides USE: Size screening Silicon Silicate minerals BT: Non metalliferous minerals RT: Abrasives Sieves UF: Carborundum Non-Preferred Rock forming minerals NT: Amphiboles USE: Sizing screens Silicon cycle Cordierite BT: Silicon Sifting Feldspars Feldspathoids Non-Preferred Silicon isotopes Gamet USE: Size screening BT: Silicon Olivine Pyroxene Signal processing Sapphirine Silicosis BT: Data processing BT: Pneumoconiosis NT: Background noise Silicates RT: Asbestosis RT: Fourier analysis Silicate refractories Dust BT: Refractory materials Mine ventilation Signal to noise ratio Silicates BT: Background noise RT: Actinolite Sillimanite Asbestos BT: Aluminium silicates S'lcrete Ceramics RT: Andalusite BT: Soil horizons Fireclay refractories Kyanite RT: Calcrete Kyanite Refractory materials Duricrust Mineral fibres Silicate refractories Ferricrete Sillimanite UF: Fibrolite Kunkar Wollastonite Sillimanite schist Silexite Silicate rocks BT: Schist Non-Preferred BT: Igneous rocks USE: Quartzolite Sills Silicates BT: Igneous intrusions Silica BT: Silicate minerals BT: Silicon NT: Silicate refractories Silos NT: Silica minerals RT: Silica BT: Containers RT: Semiconductor materials RT: Bins Silicates Siliceous limestone Materials handling BT: Limestone Silica brick Silts BT: Ceramics Siliceous shale BT: Sediments RT: Bricks BT: Shale RT: Aeolian soils Refractory materials Cohesive soils Siliceous sinter Deltas Silica glass BT: Geothermal sediments Loess BT: Glass UF: Geyserite Siltstone Sinter Soil textures Silica minerals Soils BT: Non metalliferous minerals Siliceous tufa Oxide minerals Non-Preferred Siltstone Rock forming minerals USE: Travertine BT: Clastic rocks Silica RT: Sandstone NT: Agate Siliciclastic sediments Shale Amethyst BT: Clastic sediments Silts Chalcedony Chert Silicification Silty breccia Chrysoprase BT: Geochemical processes BT: Breccia Cristobalite RT: Chert Flint Diagenesis Silty sands Jasper Jasper BT: Sands Opal Porcellanite Porcellanite Vitrification

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 195 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Silty sandstone Silver ores Sinter (material) Non-Preferred BT: Silver BT: Sintering USE: Sandstone NT: Stembergite Sintering Silurian Silver production BT: Pyrometallurgy BT: Palaeozoic BT: Mineral statistics NT: Sinter (material) Silver Sintering furnaces Silver Smelting BT: Precious metals Silver recovery RT: Agglomeration NT: Native silver BT: Cupellation Powder metallurgy Silver alloys Roasting Silver deposits Silver refining UF: Continuous sintering Silver halides BT: Refining Presintering Silver isotopes Silver Vacuum sintering Silver minerals Silver mines Silver reserves Sintering furnaces Silver ores BT: Ore reserves BT: Metallurgical furnaces Silver production Silver Sintering Silver refining Silver resources Silver reserves Siphoning Silver resources Silver resources BT: Pumping BT: Mineral resources RT: Fluid flow Silver alloys Silver UF: Syphons BT: Alloys NT: Silver reserves Silver Sirosmelt RT: Precious metals Sima BT: Smelting Non-Preferred NT: lsasmelt Silver bromide USE: Oceanic crust RT: Copper smelting Non-Preferred Lead smelting USE: Silver halides Simple shear Non-Preferred Sirotem methods Silver chloride USE: Shear properties BT: Ground EM methods Non-Preferred Sirotem surveys USE: Silver halides Simulation BT: Models Sirotem surveys Silver copper glance NT: Computer modelling BT: Ground EM surveys Non-Preferred Computer simulation Transient EM surveys USE: Stromeyerite Data modelling NT: Sirotem methods Electrical models Silver deposits Geophysical models Site investigations BT: Precious metal deposits Mathematical models BT: Engineering geology Silver RT: Earth models NT: Dam site investigations Mathematical applications Foundation investigations Silver halides Operations research RT: Geomechanics BT: Silver UF: Modelling UF: Site surveys UF: Silver bromide Silver chloride Singing sands Site surveys Silver iodide BT: Sands Non-Preferred USE: Site investigations Silver iodide Single entry development Non-Preferred BT: Mine development Size analysis USE: Silver halides RT: Coal mining Non-Preferred USE: Size classification Silver isotopes Single Leaf Filter Test BT: Silver BT: Dewatering (separation) Size classification BT: Physical processes Silver minerals Sinkhole breccia NT: Centrifugal separation BT: Metalliferous minerals BT: Breccia Clarification Silver RT: Cave breccia Desanding NT: Argentite Desliming Cerargyrite Sinkholes Elutriation Dyscrasite BT: Landforms Grain size analysis Embolite RT: Collapse craters Size classifiers Native silver Karst Size distribution Pyrargyrite Solution channel Size screening Stromeyerite Thickening Sinter RT: Agitation Silver mines Non-Preferred Coal preparation BT: Mines USE: Siliceous sinter Filtration Silver Flotation

~~196 BT'-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Mineral separation Sizing (separation) Slickenside UF: Fineness modulus Non-Preferred BT: Faults Grading USE: Size classification RT: Fault breccia Mechanic analysis UF: Mullion structure Screen analysis Sizing analysis Size analysis Non-Preferred Slide rules Size determination USE: Size classification BT: Calculators Size frequency analysis Size frequency distribution Sizing screens Slides Size separation BT: Size classifiers Non-Preferred Sizing (separation) RT: Grizzlies USE: Audio visual materials Sizing analysis Jigs (concentrators) Solid liquid separation Size screening Slim hole completion UF: Fixed screens BT: Slim holes Size classifiers Revolving screens Well completion BT: Size classification Screens (sizing) RT: Open hole completion NT: Bowl classifiers Sieves Slim hole drilling Centrifugal separators Trammels Clarifiers Vibrating screens Slim hole drilling Cone classifiers BT: Drilling Deslimers Skarn RT: Core drilling Drag classifiers BT: Metamorphic rocks Rotary drilling Grizzlies Slim hole completion Rake classifiers Skin effect (wells) Sedimentation ponds BT: Formation damage Slim holes Sedimentation tanks BT: Drill holes Sizing screens Skips NT: Slim hole completion Slime tanks BT: Mine hoisting Thickeners (equipment) Mine transportation Slime dams RT: Cyclone separators RT: Cages Non-Preferred Mineral separators Mine shafts USE: Tailings dams UF: Classifiers Wire ropes Size separators Slime tanks Sklodowskite BT: Size classifiers Size determination BT: Radioactive minerals RT: Cone classifiers Non-Preferred USE: Size classification Slag cements Slimes BT: Cements BT: Tailings Size distribution BT: Size classification Slags Slingram EM methods UF: Particle size distribution BT: Smelting Non-Preferred NT: Slags retreatment USE: Ground EM methods Size frequency analysis RT: Aggregates Non-Preferred Metallurgical furnaces Slingram EM surveys USE: Size classification Wastes BT: Ground EM surveys

~~Size frequency distribution Slags retreatment Slips (land) Non-Preferred BT: Extractive metallurgy Non-Preferred USE: Size classification Slags USE: Landslides~~

Size reduction (comminution) Slaking Slope design Non-Preferred BT: Hydration BT: Slope stability USE: Comminution Slant hole driling Slope development Size screening Non-Preferred BT: Landforms BT: Size classification USE: Directional drilling RT: Agitation Slope stability Comminution Slate BT: Rock mechanics Sizing screens BT: Industrial materials Soil mechanics UF: Screening (sizing) Metamorphic rocks NT: Angle of repose Sieve analysis NT: Roofing slate Slope design Sifting RT: Paving stone RT: Bearing capacity UF: Clay slate Friction (geomechanics) Size separation Flagstone Landslides Non-Preferred Knotted slate Open cut mining USE: Size classification Spotted slate Sludge pits Size separators Slaty cleavage BT: Mud systems Non-Preferred BT: Cleavage RT: Drilling muds USE: Size classifiers UF: Flow cleavage

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 197 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Sluices (concentrators) Small scale operations Smooth blasting BT: Gravity separators BT: Mining BT: Blasting methods Sluicing RT: Heavy media separators Smaltite Snakes Tables (concentrators) BT: Arsenic minerals BT: Diapsida Thickeners (equipment) Cobalt minerals Sniffer surveys Sluicing Smectite BT: Geochemical exploration BT: Gravity separation Non-Preferred RT: Soil gas sampling NT: Sluices (concentrators) USE: Montmorillonite RT: Tabling Snow Smelters BT: Precipitation (meteorology) Slump bedding BT: Smelting RT: Ice BT: Slumping RT: Converters Rainfall Metallurgical furnaces Slump block Soapstone BT: Slumping Smelting Non-Preferred BT: Pyrometallurgy USE: Talc Slump breccia Sintering BT: Breccia NT: Aluminium smelting Social factors RT: Sedimentary structures Autogenous smelting Non-Prefe"ed Copper smelting USE: Sociology Slump faults Electric smelting Non-Prefe"ed Flash smelting Social sciences USE: Growth faults Imperial smelting process NT: Anthropology Iron smelting Archaeology Slump structure Lead smelting Economics BT: Slumping Nickel smelting History Sirosmelt Sociology Slumping Slags BT: Sedimentary structures Smelters Sociology NT: Slump bedding Tin smelting BT: Social sciences Slump block RT: Continuous processes UF: Social factors Slump structure Drossing Fluxes Soda ash Slurries Matte Non-Prefe"ed BT: Suspensions Reducing agents USE: Sodium carbonates NT: Slurry transportation Refining RT: Coal handling Roasting Soda ash deposits Drilling fluids Segregation process BT: Evaporite deposits Hydraulic conveyors Steel making Paste filling Vapour metallurgy Soda rhyolite UF: Slurrying UF: Rotary smelting Non-Prefe"ed USE: Keratophyre Slurry explosives Smithsonite BT: Explosives BT: Carbonate minerals Soda syenite Zinc minerals Non-Preferred Slurry pipelines USE: Albitite BT: Slurry transportation Smog RT: Pipeline transportation BT: Air pollution Soda lite RT: Aerosols BT: Feldspathoids Slurry pumping Airborne wastes UF: Lazurite BT: Slurry transportation Ultramarine NT: Slurry pumps Smoke RT: Pumping BT: Air pollution Sodalite syenite NT: Smoke abatement BT: Syenite Slurry pumps RT: Aerosols BT: Pumps Airborne wastes Sodic soils Slurry pumping Dust Non-Prefe"ed USE: Saline soils Slurry transportation Smoke abatement BT: Pipeline transportation BT: Air pollution control Sodium Slurries Smoke BT: Alkali metals NT: Hydraulic conveyors RT: Dust control NT: Sodium carbonates Slurry pipelines Electrostatic precipitators Sodium cyanide Slurry pumping Stacks Sodium halides Sodium hydroxide Slurrying Smoky quartz Sodium isotopes Non-Preferred Non-Prefe"ed Sodium sulphate USE: Slurries USE: Quartz Sodium sulphide

~~198 BT=Broader term; NT-Na"ower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

~~Sodium carbonates Soil properties Soil gas sampling BT: Carbonates Soil surveys BT: Geochemical sampling Sodium Soil tests RT: Sniffer surveys UF: Soda ash Soils UF: Soil air sampling~~

Sodium chloride Soil cements Soil gas surveys BT: Sodium halides BT: Cements BT: Soil surveys RT: Rock salt Soil stabilization RT: Gas analysis UF: Radon soil surveys Sodium cyanide Soil chemistry BT: Cyanides BT: Chemistry Soil genesis Sodium Pedology BT: Pedology NT: Soil analysis RT: Soils Sodium feldspar RT: Acid sulphate soils UF: Pedogenesis BT: Feldspars Agronomy RT: Plagioclase Saline soils Soil horizons Soil mechanics BT: Soil profiles Sodium fluorides Soil stabilization NT: Calcareous crust BT: Sodium halides Soils Duricrust RT: Cryolite Ferricrete Soil classification Gypsite Sodium graphite reactors BT: Pedology Laterites Non-Preferred RT: Soil analysis Silcrete USE: Nuclear reactors Soil horizons RT: Agronomy Soil profiles Soil classification Sodium halides Soil properties Soil leaching BT: Sodium Soil surveys UF: B horizon NT: Sodium chloride Soil tests C horizon Sodium fluorides Soils Soil leaching Sodium hydroxide Soil compaction BT: Leaching (geology) BT: Sodium BT: Soil stabilization Pedology UF: Caustic soda RT: Soil tests RT: Soil horizons UF: Sand compaction UF: Podzolization Sodium isotopes BT: Sodium Soil conservation Soil liquefaction BT: Conservation BT: Soil mechanics Sodium sulphate Soils RT: Thixotropy BT: Sodium RT: Agricultural engineering Dust control Soil maps Sodium sulphide Erosion control BT: Maps BT: Sodium Land reclamation Pedology Land use planning Soft rock geology Revegetation Soil mechanics Non-Preferred Soil erosion BT: Geomechanics USE: Petroleum geology Water conservation NT: Bearing capacity Preconsolidation pressure Soft water Soil creep Slope stability BT: Water quality BT: Landslides Soil liquefaction RT: Hard water Soil pressure Soil erosion Soil stabilization Software (computers) BT: Erosion RT: Civil engineering Non-Preferred Soils Cohesion USE: Computer software NT: Beach erosion Collapsing soils Piping (erosion) Compaction curve Soil aggregates Sheet erosion Dispersive soils BT: Soils RT: Dust storms Engineering geology RT: Soil stabilization Erosion control Expansive soils Ground cover Foundations Soil air sampling Landslides Frost heave Non-Preferred Rainfall Landslides USE: Soil gas sampling Revegetation Pedology Runoff Rock mechanics Soil analysis Soil conservation Roll compacting BT: Soil chemistry Soil structure Seepage NT: Fulvic acid Streamflow Soil analysis Humic acid Water erosion Soil chemistry RT: Soil classification UF: Land erosion Soil physics Soil mechanics Soil physics

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Soil moisture Soil stratigraphic unit Dust storms Non-Preferred BT: Soil stratigraphy Eluvial soils USE: Soil water Soils Expansive soils Frozen soils Soil physics Soil stratigraphy Gilgai BT: Pedology BT: Stratigraphy Impervious soils RT: Agronomy NT: A horizon Lacustrine soils Darcys law Soil stratigraphic unit Lateritic soil Soil analysis Loams Soil mechanics Soil structure Noncohesive soils Soil properties BT: Soil properties Organic soils Soil tests NT: Humus Palaeosols Soil water RT: Soil erosion Podzol Red brown earth Soil pressure Soil surveys Residual soils BT: Pressure BT: Soils Saline soils Soil mechanics NT: Soil gas surveys Sandy loam RT: Bearing capacity RT: Agronomy Sedimentary soils Pore pressure Geological surveys Soil aggregates Pedology Soil conservation Soil profiles Soil analysis Soil erosion BT: Soils Soil classification Soil profiles NT: Soil horizons Soil properties RT: Laterites Soil tests Soil sampling Soil classification BT: Soils Soil stratigraphic unit Weathering profile NT: Penetrationtests Soil surveys RT: Atterberg tests Soil tests Soil properties Bearing capacity Soil water BT: Soils Field tests Topsoil NT: Atterberg tests Physical tests Transported soils Hydraulic properties Soil analysis RT: Agricultural geology Relative density Soil classification Agronomy Soil structure Soil compaction Arable land Soil textures Soil physics Bed rock RT: Angle of repose Soil properties Calcification Capillarity Fullers earth Chemical properties Soil textures Humus Compactibility BT: Soil properties Sands Porosity Textures Sediments Soil analysis RT: Gravel Silts Soil classification Sands Soil analysis Soil physics Silts Soil chemistry Soil tests Soil classification Void ratio Soil water Soil genesis BT: Soils Tundra Soil sampling NT: Capillarity UF: Earth (soil) BT: Geochemical sampling Capillary water Surface soil Soils Capillary yield Topsoil UF: Auger sampling Salt damp Loam sampling RT: Compaction curve Solar activity Evapotranspiration BT: Sun Soil science Ground water NT: Sunspots Non-Preferred Hygroscopic water RT: Magnetic disturbances USE: Pedology Pore water UF: Solar storms Soil physics Soil scientists UF: Soil moisture Solar atmosphere BT: Geoscientists Non-Preferred Soils USE: Extraterrestrial atmospheres Soil stabilization BT: Earth crust BT: Soil mechanics Pedology Solar batteries NT: Roll compacting NT: Acid sulphate soils Non-Preferred Soil cements Aeolian soils USE: Solar generators Soil compaction Alfisol RT: Chemical stabilization Alluvial soils Solar cells Electroosmosis Alluvium BT: Solar generators Reinforcement methods Calcareous soils RT: Photoelectric cells Soil aggregates Cohesive soils Photovoltaic cells Soil chemistry Collapsing soils Solar energy concentrators Colluvium Solar power generation Dispersive soils

~~200 BT-Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Solar collectors Solar power generation Sole risk Non-Preferred BT: Electrical power generation BT: Contractual arrangements USE: Solar energy concentrators Solar energy RT: Mining agreements NT: solar generators Petroleum agreements Solar corona RT: Solar cells BT: Sun Solar energy concentrators Solfatara RT: Solar radiation Non-Preferred Solar radiation USE: Fumarole Solar cosmic rays BT: Extraterrestrial radiation Non-Preferred Solar energy Solid bowl classifiers USE: Cosmic rays NT: Solar radio emission Non-Preferred Sunlight USE: Bowl classifiers Solar eclipse RT: Atmospheric refraction Non-Preferred Climatology Solid earth geophysics USE: Eclipse Cloud cover BT: Geophysics Cosmic rays NT: Earth pressure Solar energy Earth radiation Geobarometry BT: Renewable energy Infrared radiation Geomagnetism NT: Solar energy concentrators Photosynthesis Geothermometry Solar evaporation Radiation belts Gravity Solar furnaces Solar corona Isostasy Solar generators Solar spectrum Moho Solar heating Sun Seismology Solar ponds Ultraviolet radiation RT: Bathymetry Solar power generation UF: Solar radiation pressure Earth lithosphere Solar radiation Solar wind Earth tides Solar stills Earthquakes UF: Solar power Solar radiation pressure Geodesy Solar energy collectors Non-Preferred Geomagnetic reversals USE: Solar radiation Geosphere Non-Preferred Gravitational fields USE: Solar energy concentrators Solar radio emission Nuclear radiation BT: Solar radiation Plate tectonics Solar energy concentrators Polar migration BT: Solar energy Surge tectonics NT: Solar reflectors Solar reflectors BT: Solar energy concentrators UF: Pure geophysics RT: Solar cells Tectonophysics Solar power generation UF: Solar collectors Solar spectrum BT: Sun Solid liquid separation Solar energy collectors RT: Solar radiation Non-Preferred Solar evaporation USE: Size classification BT: Salt production Solar stills Solar energy BT: Solar energy Solid phases RT: Salt fields RT: Solar heating BT: Phase equilibria

~~Solar furnaces Solar storms Solid solutions BT: Solar energy Non-Preferred BT: Eutectics RT: Solar heating USE: Solar activity RT: Phase diagrams~~

Solar generators Solar system Solid to liquid ratio BT: Solar energy NT: Planets BT: Physical properties Solar power generation Sun NT: Solar cells RT: Asteroids Solubility RT: Photoelectric cells Comets BT: Chemical properties UF: Solar batteries Earth (planet) NT: Solvents Earth rotation RT: Crystallization Solar heating Nebula Phase diagrams BT: Heat Solar energy Solar wind Solution breccia RT: Radiant heating Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Solar furnaces USE: Solar radiation USE: Cave breccia Solar stills Water heating Solder Solution channel BT: Alloys BT: Landforms Solar ponds RT: Sinkholes BT: Solar energy Sole marks BT: Glacial features Solution mining Solar power BT: In situ recovery Non-Preferred RT: Leaching USE: Solar energy UF: Chemical mining

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In place leaching Sorption UF: Self potential methods In situ leaching BT: Chemical processes Spontaneous potential Physical properties methods Solvent extraction NT: Absorption BT: Hydrometallurgy Desorption SP survey equipment NT: lon exchange BT: Electrical survey equipment RT: Leaching Sorting SP surveys Percolation (hydrometallurgy) Non-Preferred UF: Self potential survey Solvents USE: Ore sorting equipment

Solvents Sorting routines SP surveys BT: Solubility Non-Preferred BT: Electrical surveys NT: Organic solvents USE: Computer software NT: SP curve RT: Solvent extraction SP methods Sour crudes SP survey equipment Sonar BT: Crudeoil UF: Self potential exploration Non-Preferred RT: Hydrogen sulphide Self potential surveys USE: Sonic detection Sulphur Spontaneous potential surveys Sonar equipment Sour gas BT: Equipment BT: Natural gas Space heating Sonic detection RT: Hydrogen sulphide BT: Air conditioning NT: Depth finders Sulphur Echo sounder Space research Source beds BT: . Research and development Sonde BT: Petroleum genesis RT: Spacecraft Non-Preferred NT: Source rock quality USE: Logging equipment RT: Petroleum migration Spacecraft TOC BT: Transportation Sonic detection UF: Source rock RT: Space research NT: Side scan sonar UF: Artificial satellites Sonar equipment Source rock RT: Bathymetry Non-Preferred Spacecraft sensing UF: Acoustic detection USE: Source beds BT: Remote sensing Depth sounding NT: Landsat Echo sounding Source rock analysis Satellite imagery Sonar BT: Organic geochemistry RT: Imagery Sonic sounding RT: Maturation Sparker sound source Sonic drilling Source rock quality BT: Seismic energy source BT: Drilling BT: Source beds RT: Marine seismic surveys UF: Acoustic drilling Sovereign risk Spatial analysis Sonic logging BT: Government policy BT: Spatial databases Non-Preferred RT: Risk analysis USE: Velocity logging Spatial data SP anomalies BT: Data Sonic logs BT: Geophysical anomalies UF: Point data Non-Preferred Raster data USE: Velocity logs SP curve Vector data BT: SP surveys Vectorial data Sonic properties UF: Porosity curve Non-Preferred Self potential curve Spatial databases USE: Acoustic properties Spontaneous potential curve BT: GIS NT: Spatial analysis Sonic sounding SP logging RT: Remote sensing Non-Preferred BT: Electrical well logging USE: Sonic detection NT: SP logs Spatial science UF: Self potential logging BT: Science Sonic waves NT: Cartography BT: Seismicity SP logs Navigation UF: Acoustic wave BT: Electrical well logs Surveying SP logging Sonics UF: Self potential logs Spatter cone Non-Preferred Spontaneous potential logs Non-Preferred USE: Acoustics USE: Volcanic cones SP methods Sorbents BT: Electrical survey methods Specific energy Non-Preferred SP surveys Non-Preferred USE: Absorbents USE: Calorific value

~~202 BT=Broader term; NT:-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Specific gravity RT: Colorimetry Optical emission Non-Preferred Goniometers spectroscopy USE: Density Radiation counters Spectroflurormetry Spectra Spectrography Specific gravity liquid UF: Spectrographs Spectrometry Non-Preferred Spectrophotometers Spectrophotometry USE: Heavy media Spectroradiometers Spectroscopic analysis Specific heat Spectroscopes Spectrum analysis Spectrum analyzers Non-Preferred Spectrum analysis USE: Heat capacity Spectrometry Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Spectroscopy Specific yield USE: Spectroscopy BT: Safe yield RT: Ground water Spectrum analyzers Spectrophotometer& Non-Preferred Specifications Non-Preferred USE: Spectrometers BT: Documentation USE: Spectrometers RT: Codes Specular hematite Guidelines Spectrophotometry Non-Preferred Standards Non-Preferred USE: Micaceous hematite USE: Spectroscopy Specimen collecting Specularite BT: Field geology Spectroradiometers Non-Preferred UF: Hand specimens Non-Preferred USE: Micaceous hematite Museology USE: Spectrometers Speiss Spectra Spectroscopes BT: Lead smelting BT: Spectroscopy Non-Preferred NT: Absorption spectra USE: Spectrometers Speleology Atomic spectra NT: Caves Emission spectra Spectroscopic analysis Speleothems Mass spectra Non-Preferred Stellar sepctra USE: Spectroscopy Speleothems RT: Spectrometers BT: Speleology UF: Spectral lines Spectroscopy NT: Stalactites BT: Instrumental chemical Stalagmites Spectral analysis analysis BT: Geophysics NT: Atomic spectroscopy Spelter RT: Spectroscopy Electron spectroscopy Non-Preferred ESR spectroscopy USE: Zinc Spectral lines Non-Preferred Fluoroscopy ICP spectroscopy Spermatophyta USE: Spectra Microwave spectroscopy BT: Palaeobotany NT: Angiospermae Spectrochemical analysis Molecular spectroscopy Mossbauer spectroscopy Gymnospermae BT: Spectroscopy NMR spectroscopy Spectroflurormetry Raman spectroscopy Sperrylite Spectra BT: Arsenic minerals Non-Preferred Spectrochemical analysis Platinum minerals USE: Spectroscopy Spectrometers Ultraviolet spectroscopy Spessartite Spectrographs X ray spectroscopy BT: Gamet Non-Preferred USE: Spectrometers RT: Chemical analysis Chromatography Sphalerite Spectrography Electrophotometry BT: Sulphide minerals Non-Preferred Materials tests Zinc minerals USE: Spectroscopy Qualitative analysis UF: Blende Quantitative analysis Marmatite Spectrometer surveys Spectral analysis Pseudogalena Non-Preferred Trace analysis Zinc blende USE: Radioactivity surveys UF: Absorption spectroscopy Emission spectroscopy Sphene Spectrometers Flame emission BT: Titanium minerals BT: Spectroscopy spectrometry UF: Titanite NT: ESR spectroscope Flame emission Multichannel spectrometers spectroscopy Spheroidal parting Optical spectrometers Flame photometry Non-Preferred X ray fluorescence Flame spectroscopy USE: Spheroidal weathering spectrometers Optical emission spectrometry

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Spheroidal weathering Heavy media separators Spotted schist BT: Weathering Hydrocyclones Non-Preferred UF: Concentric weathering UF: Spiral classifiers USE: Schist Spheroidal parting Spiriferida Spotted slate Spherules BT: Brachiopoda Non-Preferred BT: Marine sediments USE: Slate RT: Spherulite Spodumene BT: Gemstones Spray ponds Spherulite Lithium minerals BT: Water treatment BT: Petrology Pyroxene RT: Concretion Spreading basins Oolitic limestone Spoil heaps Non-Preferred Pisolith Non-Preferred USE: Ground water recharge Spherules USE: Mine spoil heaps UF: Ooid Spreadsheets Oolite Sponge iron Non-Preferred BT: Iron USE: Application software Spiders RT: Direct reduction Non-Preferred Springs USE: Arachnida Sponge metal BT: Ground water discharge BT: Metals NT: Fissure springs Spilite Hot springs Non-Preferred Spongia Mineral springs USE: Basalt Non-Preferred Mound springs USE: Porifera Seepage Spilitization RT: Aquicludes BT: Metamorphism Spontaneous combustion Aquifers BT: Combustion Artesian wells Spillage control Water wells BT: Pollution control Spontaneous fission track dating UF: Springs (water) Non-Preferred Spillways USE: Fission track dating Springs (water) BT: Dams Non-Preferred RT: Hydroelectric power Spontaneous magnetization USE: Springs generation Non-Preferred UF: Floodway USE: Geomagnetism Spudding BT: Drilling Spinel Spontaneous potential curve BT: Gemstones Non-Preferred Squalane Oxide minerals USE: SP curve Non-Preferred NT: Chrome spinel USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Hercynite Spontaneous potential logs Jacobsite Non-Preferred Square set stoping Maghemite USE: SP logs BT: Stope mining RT: Ferrites Industrial gems Spontaneous potential methods Stability Non-Preferred BT: Engineering geology Spiral classifiers USE: SP methods Non-Preferred Stabilized dunes USE: Spiral separators Spontaneous potential surveys BT: Dunes Non-Preferred RT: Revegetation Spiral concentration USE: SP surveys Non-Preferred Stable isotopes USE: Spiral separation Spores BT: Isotopes BT: Microorganisms RT: Radioactive isotopes Spiral separation RT: Palaeobotany BT: Centrifugal separation Palynology Stack gases NT: Spiral separators Pollen Non-Preferred RT: Cyclone separation UF: Macrospores USE: Waste gases Gravity separation Microspores Heavy media separation Stacked profile Hydrocyclone separation Spotted gneiss Non-Preferred UF: Spiral concentration Non-Preferred USE: Seismic stacking USE: Gneiss Spiral separators Stackers BT: Centrifugal separators Spotted hornfels Non-Preferred Spiral separation Non-Preferred USE: Stacking RT: Cyclone separators USE: Hornfels Gravity separators

~~204 BT"-Broader term; NT"-Narrower term; RT"-Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Stacking Stars Gaussian distribution BT: Materials handling BT: Cosmology Normal distribution Storage NT: Nebula RT: Stockpiling RT: Galaxy Statistical inference UF: Stackers Stellar sepctra BT: Statistical analysis RT: Probability theory Stacks State of the art Standard deviation BT: Exhaust systems BT: Design RT: Airborne wastes RT: Reviews Statistical methods Effluents Non-Preferred Smoke abatement Static corrections USE: Statistical analysis Waste gases BT: Seismic interpretation UF: Chimneys UF: Statics Statistical processes Non-Preferred Stadia Static hardness tests USE: Statistical analysis BT: Surveying instruments Non-Preferred USE: Hardness tests Statistical theory Stage Non-Preferred BT: Geological time Static level USE: Statistical analysis RT: Series Non-Preferred USE: Hydrostatic level Statistics Stainless steel NT: Biostatistics BT: Alloy steels Static reservoir pressure Correlation Non-Preferred Energy statistics Stalactites USE: Reservoir pressure Industry statistics BT: Speleothems Reliability RT: Caves Statics Statistical analysis Non-Preferred RT: Coal statistics Stalagmites USE: Static corrections Industrial material statistics BT: Speleothems Information theory RT: Caves Statistical analysis Mineral statistics BT: Statistics Petroleum statistics Stamp batteries NT: Bootstrap method BT: Crushers Boundary element analysis Staurolite RT: Gyratory crushers Coefficient of variation BT: Aluminium silicates Hammer mills Confidence limits Impact crushers Correlation coefficient Staurolite schist RoU crushers Distribution BT: Schist UF: Batteries (mine) Finite difference analysis Batteries (stamp) Finite element analysis Steady state theory Mine batteries Fourier analysis BT: Cosmology Stamp mills Geostatistics Least squares method Steam Stamp duty Monte Carlo method BT: Water BT: Taxation Multivariate analysis Probability theory Steam boilers Stamp mills Queueing theory BT: Boilers Non-Preferred Regression analysis USE: Stamp batteries Sampling theory Steam electric power generation Standard deviation Non-Preferred Standard deviation Statistical distributions USE: Electrical power generation BT: Statistical analysis Statistical inference RT: Coefficient of variation RT: Decision methods Steaming coal Confidence limits Error correction Non-Preferred Statistical inference Mathematical geology USE: Noncoking coal UF: Standard error Sampling UF: Correlation techniques Steatite Standard error Mathematical statistics Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Statistical methods USE: Talc USE: Standard deviation Statistical processes Statistical theory Steel Standards Stochastic method BT: Iron aUoys BT: Documentation NT: Alloy steels NT: Codes Statistical distributions Galvanized steel RT: Guidelines BT: Statistical analysis Specifications NT: Frequency distribution Steel converters Population (statistical) BT: Converters Stannite RT: Probability theory Steel making BT: Copper minerals UF: Distribution functions UF: Iron converters Tin minerals Exponential distribution

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 205 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Steel industry Stereophotography Stocks BT: Industry BT: Photogrammetry BT: Igneous intrusions NT: Steel making Photography RT: Mineral industry RT: Photogeology Stocks and shares Stereophotogrammetry BT: Financing Steel making NT: Stock exchanges BT: Steel industry Stereoscope RT: Capital NT: Basic oxygen process Non-Preferred Commerce Hot strip mill USE: Stereoscopy Investment Openhearth process Investors Rolling mills Stereoscopic cameras Prospectuses Steel converters BT: Cameras UF: Bonds RT: Metallurgy RT: Cartographic cameras Debentures Smelting Equities Stereoscopic map plotters Shares Steel piles BT: Stereomapping BT: Piles Stockwork Stereoscopic projection BT: Mineral deposits Steel sets Non-Preferred UF: Network deposit BT: Mine support USE: Stereoscopy Stringer lode

Stellar atmospheres Stereoscopy Stolzite Non-Preferred BT: Imagery BT: Lead minerals USE: Extraterrestrial UF: Stereoscope Tungsten minerals atmospheres Stereoscopic projection Stone Stembergite Stellar sepctra BT: Industrial materials BT: Spectra BT: Silver ores NT: Building stones RT: Stars Ornamental stone Stibiconite Paving stone BT: Antimony minerals Stemming RT: Building materials RT: Stibnite Non-Preferred Masonry USE: Tamping Stibnite Stone conservation BT: Antimony minerals Step faults BT: Building stones Sulphide minerals BT: Faults RT: Ornamental stone RT: Stibiconite UF: Stone preservation Stepout wells Stilbite Non-Preferred Stone preservation BT: Zeolite minerals USE: Development wells Non-Preferred RT: Scolecite USE: Stone conservation Steranes Stilpnomelane Non-Preferred Stoneware BT: Iron minerals USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons BT: Ceramics UF: Chalcodite Sterenes Stony deserts Stimulation BT: Alkanes BT: Deserts Non-Preferred Stereo radar USE: Reservoir stimulation Stony iron meteorites Non-Preferred Stipoverite BT: Meteorites USE: Side looking radar Non-Preferred UF: Pallasite USE: Stishovite Stereochemistry Stony meteorites BT: Physical chemistry Stishovite BT: Meteorites RT: X ray fluorescence BT: Silica minerals spectroscopy UF: Stipoverite Stope mining BT: Underground mining Stereographic projection Stochastic method NT: Breast stoping BT: Graphic presentation Non-Preferred Open stope mining RT: Cartography USE: Statistical analysis Shrinkage stoping Square set stoping Stereo mapping Stock exchanges Sublevel cave mining BT: Photogrammetry BT: Stocks and shares Timbered stope mining NT: Stereoscopic map plotters Top slice mining Stockpiling RT: Block caving Stereophotogrammetry BT: Materials handling Coal mining BT: Photogrammetry Storage UF: Stoping RT: Stereophotography RT: Buffer stockpiling Sublevel stoping Reclaiming Stacking

~~206 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

~~Stoping Stranded coastlines Stratigraphic column Non-Preferred BT: Eustacy Non-Preferred USE: Stope mining RT: Raised beaches USE: Stratigraphic succession~~

Storage Strandlines Stratigraphic correlation BT: Materials handling Non-Preferred BT: Correlation NT: Containers USE: Raised beaches Stratigraphy Fuel storage NT: Biostratigraphic correlation Stacking Strata control Lithologic correlation Stockpiling Non-Preferred Sequence stratigraphy Storage tanks USE: Mine support Subsurface correlation Underground storage UF: Time correlation RT: Bulk handling Stratabound deposits (geological) Chutes BT: Mineral deposits Loading pockets RT: Mineral genesis Stratigraphic definition Tank farms Ore genesis BT: Stratigraphic nomenclature Storage batteries Sedimentary ores RT: Type section BT: Energy storage Strategic materials Stratigraphic drilling NT: Battery chargers RT: Electrochemical power BT: Materials BT: Drilling RT: Buffer stockpiling Stratigraphy generation Mineral economics Fuel cells UF: Alkaline batteries Resource assessment Stratigraphic horizon UF: Strategic minerals BT: Stratigraphy Batteries (electrical) Dry cells Electrical batteries Strategic minerals Stratigraphic mapping Non-Preferred BT: Geological mapping Lead acid batteries USE: Strategic materials Stratigraphy Low temperature batteries Nickel cadmium batteries Strategic planning Stratigraphic maps Thermal batteries BT: Management BT: Geological maps Storage tanks Planning Stratigraphy NT: lsochore maps BT: Storage Strategic stockpiling Isopach maps NT: Tank farms RT: Gas storage Non-Preferred Residual maps USE: Buffer stockpiling Stratigraphic nomenclature Storm water BT: Runoff Stratification BT: Stratigraphy BT: Sedimentation NT: Stratigraphic code RT: Sedimentary structures Stratigraphic definition Storms RT: Lithologic unit BT: Natural hazards Stratum Nomenclature Weather Stratified reservoirs Type section NT: Tropical cyclones RT: Climatology Non-Preferred UF: Stratigraphic classification USE: Layered reservoirs Lightning Stratigraphic range BT: Palaeontology Strain Stratiform deposits BT: Mineral deposits RT: Stratigraphic code BT: Physical processes NT: Kupferschiefer type deposit NT: Extension Stratigraphic section RT: Stress RT: Mineral genesis Ore genesis BT: Stratigraphic succession Sedimentary ores UF: Columnar section Strain crystallization BT: Metamorphic petrology UF: Stratiform mineral deposits Stratigraphic sequence Stratiform mineral deposits Non-Preferred Strain ellipse USE: Stratigraphic succession BT: Rock deformation Non-Preferred USE: Stratiform deposits Stratigraphic succession Strain gauges BT: Equipment Stratigraphic boundary BT: Stratigraphy BT: Stratigraphy NT: Stratigraphic section Stress measurement Unconformity UF: Geological column Strain measurement Stratigraphic classification Non-Preferred Stratigraphic column Non-Preferred USE: Stratigraphic nomenclature Stratigraphic sequence USE: Stress measurement Succession Stratigraphic code Strain slip cleavage BT: Stratigraphic nomenclature Stratigraphic trap BT: Cleavage BT: Traps (petroleum) RT: Cleavage banding RT: Stratigraphic range UF: Pinch out Porosity trap

~~USE directs the user to the preferred term 207 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Stratigraphic unit Stream load Mohr circles BT: Stratigraphy Non-Preferred Overcoring NT: Type section USE: River load Strain gauges UF: Chronozone RT: Elastic theory Time stratigraphic unit Stream pollution Geomechanics Non-Preferred UF: Strain measurement Stratigraphic wells USE: River pollution BT: Wells Striated pebbles Stream sampling BT: Glacial features Stratigraphy BT: Geochemical sampling BT: Historical geology Striations NT: Biostratigraphy Stream sediment maps BT: Physical properties Chemostratigraphy BT: Geochemical maps RT: Colour Chronostratigraphy Magnetostratigraphy Stream sediment sampling Strike faults Marker beds BT: Geochemical sampling BT: Faults Rock stratigraphic unit NT: Freeze sampling UF: Lateral fault Rock stratigraphic zone RT: Bottom sampling Longitudinal fault Seismic stratigraphy UF: Drainage sampling Soil stratigraphy Gravel sampling Strike slip faults Stratigraphic boundary BT: Faults Stratigraphic correlation Stream sediments Stratigraphic drilling Non-Preferred Stringer lode Stratigraphic horizon USE: Fluvial sediments Non-Preferred Stratigraphic mapping USE: Stockwork Stratigraphic maps Streams Stratigraphic nomenclature BT: Rivers Strip logs Stratigraphic succession NT: Antecedent streams Non-Preferred Stratigraphic unit Consequent streams USE: Graphic logs Transitional series Entrenched streams RT: Bottom hole core Ephemeral streams Strip mining Geochronology Stream flow BT: Surface mining Geology Subsequent streams RT: Coal mining Palaeontology Underground streams Open cut mining Well logging Waterfalls Placer mining Waterholes Quarrying Stratosphere RT: Bed load BT: Earth atmosphere Riparian zone Stripper wells River gradient BT: Wells Stratovolcanoes Suspended sediments RT: Oilwells BT: Volcanoes WeUands Producing wells

Stratum Strength of materials Stripping ratio BT: Sedimentary structures BT: Materials technology BT: Open cut mining RT: Stratification NT: Bonding strength RT: Surface mining UF: Bed (stratigraphic) Compressive strength Deformation (materials) Stromatapoda Stream erosion Failure (materials) Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Fatigue (materials) USE: Crustacea USE: River erosion Shear strength Tensile strength Stromatolites Stream flow Yield strength BT: Algal structures BT: Streams RT: Creep NT: Collenia NT: Stream gauging Physical properties RT: Algae RT: Hydrology Algal reefs River basins Stress Thrombolites River erosion BT: Physical processes River flow NT: Compressive strength Stromatoporidae Soil erosion Normal stress Non-Preferred Stress field USE: Hydrozoa Stream gauging Stress measurement BT: Stream flow RT: Strain Stromeyerite RT: Hydrology BT: Copper minerals UF: Gauging stations Stress f.eld Silver minerals BT: Stress UF: Silver copper glance Stream gradient RT: Crustal structure Non-Preferred Strontianite USE: River gradient Stress measurement BT: Carbonate minerals BT: Stress Strontium minerals NT: Elastic theory

~~208 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Strontium Structural nomenclature Time isopach maps BT: Alkaline earth metals Structural processes Time structure maps NT: Strontium isotopes (geology) Strontium minerals Tectonics Structure contours RT: Foreland basins Non-Preferred Strontium dating Structure contour maps USE: Structure contour maps BT: Radiometric dating Structural high Sturtite Strontium isotopes BT: Structural closure BT: Manganese minerals BT: Radioactive isotopes Strontium Structural mapping Stylolite BT: Geological mapping BT: Sedimentary structures Strontium minerals NT: Tectonic maps BT: Metalliferous minerals RT: Regional mapping Subaqueous disposal Strontium BT: Waste disposal NT: Celestite Structural maps Strontianite Non-Preferred Subaqueous tunnelling USE: Tectonic maps Non-Preferred Structural analysis USE: Tunnelling BT: Structural geology Structural nomenclature NT: Balanced cross sections BT: Nomenclature Subartesian wells Fracture analysis Structural geology BT: Water wells RT: Artesian wells Structural closure Structural petrology BT: Structural geology BT: Petrology Subbituminous coal NT: Domes (geological) NT: C axis analysis BT: Coal Structural high Petrofabric analysis RT: Bituminous coal Structural trap Preferred orientation Lignite RT: Baldheaded anticline RT: Creep UF: Semibituminious coal UF: Closed structure Lineation Closure UF: Fabric analysis Subcrop maps Fabric diagram BT: Geological maps Structural control Microtectonics RT: Outcrop maps BT: Ore controls Petrofabric diagram RT: Mineral deposits Petrofabrics Subduction BT: Plate tectonics Structural development Structural processes (geology) NT: Subduction zones Non-Preferred BT: Structural geology USE: Structural evolution NT: Deformation (structural Subduction zones geology) BT: Subduction Structural evolution Diapirism NT: Benioff zones BT: Structural geology RT: Tectonics RT: Sea floor spreading RT: Crustal evolution UF: Convergent plate boundary Historical geology Structural shortening Tectonics Non-Preferred Sublevel cave mining UF: Structural development USE: Crustal shortening BT: Stope mining RT: Block caving Structural extension Structural terranes UF: Sublevel caving Non-Preferred BT: Tectonics USE: Crustal extension NT: Terrane analysis Sublevel caving UF: Terranes Non-Preferred Structural geology USE: Sublevel cave mining BT: Geology Structural trap NT: Competent rock BT: Structural closure Sublevel stoping Dip Traps (petroleum) Non-Preferred Epeirogeny USE: Stope mining Facing Structure Fractured rock Non-Preferred Sublimation Fractures USE: Geological structures BT: Vapourization Geological structures RT: Condensing Incompetent rock Structure contour maps Crystallization Lineaments BT: Geological maps Diffusion Mobile belt NT: lsochron maps Evaporation Nappe RT: Isopach maps Fuming Orogeny Ore grade contour maps Gasification Rift valleys Structural geology Pyrometallurgy Rock structures Subsurface maps Refining Structural analysis Tectonic maps Vapour metallurgy Structural closure UF: Depth structure maps Structural evolution Structure contours

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 209 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Submarine canyons Oceanic plateaus Subsurface correlation BT: Submarine topographic Oceanic ridges BT: Stratigraphic correlation features Sea floor RT: Formation evaluation RT: canyons Seamounts Continental rise Submarine canyons Subsurface drainage Continental shelf Submarine fans BT: Drainage (dewatering) Continental slope Submarine plains RT: Permeability Marine geology Submarine trenches Porosity Ocean basins RT: Coastal features Surface drainage Submarine trenches Rift valleys Waste disposal Turbidity currents Submarine volcanoes Water influx UF: Marginal plateaus Water wells Submarine deltas UF: Subterranean drainage Non-Preferred Submarine trenches Underground drainage USE: Deltas BT: Submarine topographic features Subsurface mapping Submarine earthquakes RT: Abyssal zone BT: Geological mapping BT: Earthquakes Ocean basins RT: Tsunamis Sea floor spreading Subsurface maps Submarine canyons BT: Geological maps Submarine exploration UF: Oceanic trenches RT: Isopach maps Non-Preferred Sea floor trench Mine maps USE: Marine surveys Submarine troughs Structure contour maps Underground mapping Submarine fans Submarine troughs BT: Submarine topographic Non-Preferred Subterranean drainage features USE: Submarine trenches Non-Preferred RT: Alluvial fans USE: Subsurface drainage Submarine volcanoes Submarine faults BT: Volcanoes Succession BT: Faults RT: Pillow lavas Non-Preferred RT: Rift valleys Submarine topographic USE: Stratigraphic succession features Submarine geology Sucker rod pumps Non-Preferred Submersible pumps BT: Pumps USE: Marine geology BT: Pumps RT: Beam pumps

Submarine gravity surveys Submersible vehicles Sulfate minerals Non-Preferred BT: Underwater equipment Non-Preferred USE: Marine gravity surveys RT: Divers USE: Sulphate minerals Marine surveys Submarine hydrothermal vents UF: Diving bells Sulfate reduction BT: Hydrothermal fluids Non-Preferred UF: Black smokers Subsea completion USE: Sulphate reduction Hydrothermal plumes BT: Offshore completion Sulfate resisting cements Submarine mineral deposits Subsea production Non-Preferred BT: Mineral deposits BT: Offshore production USE: Sulphate resisting cements NT: Manganese nodules methods Phosphate nodules Sulfate soundness RT: Deep sea sediments Subsequent streams Non-Preferred Marine sediments BT: Streams USE: Sulphate soundness Seafloor RT: Antecedent streams UF: Deep sea mineral deposits Consequent streams Sulfates Marine deposits Non-Preferred Undersea mineral deposits Subsidence USE: Sulphates NT: Land subsidence Submarine plains Mine subsidence Sulfide deposits BT: Submarine topographic Non-Preferred features Subsidiary fold USE: Sulphide deposits RT: Continental rise Non-Preferred Oceanic ridges USE: Drag folds Sulfide minerals Non-Preferred Submarine topographic features Subsidies USE: Sulphide minerals BT: Oceanography BT: Economics NT: Continental rise RT: Incentives Sulfide ores Continental shelf Non-Preferred Continental slope Substitution reactions USE: Sulphide ores Guyots BT: Chemical processes Ocean basins UF: Exchange reactions

~~210 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Sulfide zone Sulphate soundness Sulphur bacteria Non-Preferred BT: Concrete BT: Bacteria USE: Sulphide zone UF: Sulfate soundness RT: Bacterial leaching UF: Sulfur bacteria Sulfides Sulphates Non-Preferred BT: Chemical compounds Sulphur cycle USE: Sulphides NT: Sulphate minerals BT: Biochemical cycles RT: Evaporite minerals UF: Sulfur cycle Sulfidization UF: Sulfates Non-Preferred Sulphur deposits USE: Sulphidization Sulphide deposits BT: Sulphur BT: Base metal deposits UF: Sulfur deposits Sulfur Mineral deposits Non-Preferred NT: Gossans Sulphur dioxide USE: Sulphur Massive sulphide deposits BT: Sulphur Sulphide ores UF: Sulfur dioxide Sulfur bacteria UF: Sulfide deposits Non-Preferred Sulphur isotopes USE: Sulphur bacteria Sulphide minerals BT: Sulphur BT: Metalliferous minerals UF: Sulfur isotopes Sulfur cycle Sulphides Non-Preferred NT: Argentite Sulphur recovery USE: Sulphur cycle Arsenopyrite BT: Sulphur Chalcopyrite RT: Air pollution Sulfur deposits Cinnabar UF: Sulfur recovery Covellite Non-Preferred Sulphuric acid USE: Sulphur deposits Galena Iron sulphides BT: Inorganic acids Molybdenite RT: Sulphur Sulfur dioxide UF: Sulfuric acid Non-Preferred Pentlandite Sphalerite USE: Sulphur dioxide Sun Stibnite BT: Solar system Sulfur isotopes RT: Copper minerals NT: Photosphere Non-Preferred Minerals Solar activity USE: Sulphur isotopes Nickel minerals Solar corona Sulphide ores Solar spectrum Sulfur recovery Zinc minerals RT: Solar radiation Non-Preferred UF: Sulfide minerals USE: Sulphur recovery Sulphide ores Sunlight BT: Sulphide deposits BT: Solar radiation Sulfuric acid RT: Sulphide minerals RT: Climatology Non-Preferred Photosynthesis USE: Sulphuric acid UF: Sulfide ores Sulphide zone Sunspots Sulphate minerals BT: Solar activity BT: Minerals BT: Mineral deposits RT: Oxidized zone Sulphates UF: Sulfide zone Superannuation NT: Anglesite BT: Investment Anhydrite Sulphides Working conditions Barite NT: Sulphide minerals RT: Wages and salaries Celestite UF: Retirement funds Chalcanthite UF: Sulfides Goslarite Sulphidization Superchargers Gypsum BT: Chemical processes BT: Compressors Plumbojarosite UF: Sulfidization RT: Copper minerals Superconductivity Zinc minerals Sulphur BT: Conductivity UF: Sulfate minerals BT: Elements Minerals Supercontinent Sulphate reduction NT: Sulphur deposits BT: Palaeogeography BT: Reduction (chemistry) Sulphur dioxide RT: Gondwana RT: Bacterial leaching Sulphur isotopes Laurasia Bacterial reduction Sulphur recovery Pangaea UF: Sulfate reduction RT: Pyrite Rodinia Pyrrhotite Tethys Sulphate resisting cements Sour crudes Vaalbara BT: Cements Sour gas UF: Sulfate resisting cements Sulphuric acid Supercooling UF: Brimstone BT: Crystallization Sulfur UF: Supersaturation

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 211 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Superfluid helium Hydraulic mining Parallax Non-Preferred Stripping ratio Surveying instruments USE: Liquid helium Underground mining Triangulation Volume estimation Supergene alteration Surface soil RT: GPS BT: Alteration (geology) Non-Preferred Photogrammetry Mineral alteration USE: Soils Reconnaissance RT: Metasomatism Topographic surveys Secondary enrichment Surface tension UF: First order levelling Weathering BT: Physical properties Geodetic levelling RT: Flotation Land surveys Supergene deposits Wettability Levelling BT: Mineral deposits Wetting agents Surveying instruments Supergene enrichment Surface water runoff BT: Instruments Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Surveying USE: Secondary enrichment USE: Runoff NT: Distance measuring equipment Superimposed drainage Surface waters Levelling instruments Non-Preferred BT: Earth hydrosphere Magnetic compasses USE: Antecedent streams Water Optical square NT: Lakes Plane tables Superimposed folds Rivers Range finders Non-Preferred RT: Ground water Stadia USE: Cross folds Hydrologic cycle Tacheometers Oceans Theodolites Superimposed metamorphism River basins RT: Altimeters Non-Preferred Water resources Field instruments USE: Polymetamorphism Tellurometers Surface waves Superphosphate BT: Seismic waves Surveys BT: Fertilizers UF: Rayleigh waves BT: Exploration Phosphates NT: Aboriginal site surveys Surfactants Aerial surveys Supersaturation BT: Activating reagents Biological surveys Non-Preferred UF: Detergents Borehole surveys USE: Supercooling Downhole surveys Surficial deposits Geological surveys Supervision Non-Preferred Geophysical surveys Non-Preferred USE: Residual deposits Ground radar surveys USE: Personnel management Ground water surveys Surficial geology Hydrographic surveys Supply management BT: Geology Laser surveys BT: Production management NT: Desertification Marine surveys NT: Inventory control Erosion Orientation surveys RT: Scheduling Pedology Profiling Weathering Regional surveys Supports RT: Geomorphology Topographic surveys Non-Preferred Velocity surveys USE: Mine support Surficial sediments Well location surveys BT: Sediments RT: Mapping Suppressors NT: Regolith Reconnaissance BT: Inhibitors UF: Waste mantle RT: Absorbents Suspended load Surge tanks Non-Preferred Surface chemistry BT: Pipelines USE: Suspended sediments BT: Physical chemistry RT: Flotation Surge tectonics Suspended sediments BT: Tectonics BT: Sediment transport Surface drainage RT: Solid earth geophysics NT: River load BT: Drainage (dewatering) RT: Bed load RT: Subsurface drainage Surveying Dispersions BT: Spatial science Dissolved load Surface mining NT: Barometric levelling Streams BT: Mining Base line Turbidity NT: Open cut mining Datum UF: Suspendedload Placer mining EDM methods Quarrying Latitude Suspensions Strip mining Longitude BT: Sedimentation tanks RT: Coal mining Mine surveying NT: Slurries

~~212 BT=Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing .~~

Sustainable development Symposium Coal liquefaction BT: Environmental science Non-Preferred Energy RT: Environmental protection USE: Conferences Liquefied natural gas Government policy Oil seeds UF: Ecologically sustainable Synchronous faults Sasol process development Non-Preferred Synthesis gas USE: Growth faults Synthetic gas Swamp sediments UF: Synthetic natural gas Non-Preferred Synclines USE: Lacustrine sediments BT: Folds Synthetic gas RT: Anticlines BT: Gases Swamps Domes (geological) RT: Coal gas BT: Wetlands UF: Brachysynclines Synthetic fuels NT: Mangroves UF: Manufactured gas Synclinorium Swash zone BT: Fold system Synthetic gems BT: Beaches RT: Anticlinorium BT: Gemstones NT: Synthetic diamonds Sweet crudes Syneresis RT: Industrial gems BT: Crudeoil BT: Colloid chemistry Synthetic materials Sweet gas Syngenesis BT: Materials technology BT: Natural gas BT: Mineral genesis NT: Optical fibres RT: Sedimentary ores RT: Fibreglass Syenite BT: Intermediate igneous rocks Syngenetic deposits Synthetic minerals Plutonic rocks BT: Mineral deposits BT: Minerals NT: Alkali syenite RT: Mineral genesis NT: Synroc Analcime syenite Ore genesis Synthetic sylvanite Bostonite Sedimentary ores Synthetic natural gas Lamproite Non-Preferred Leucite syenite Synroc USE: Synthetic fuels Nepheline syenite BT: Experimental petrology Pyroxene syenite Synthetic minerals Synthetic oil base muds Quartz syenite RT: Radioactive wastes BT: Oil base muds Sodalite syenite Waste management Syenite aplite Synthetic rutile Syenite po!J)hyry Syntectonic& BT: Rutile RT: Acid igneous rocks BT: Tectonics Monzonite Synthetic seismograms Trachyte Syntexis BT: Seismic reflection surveys UF: Akerite BT: Metamorphism Seismographs Nordmarkite RT: Anatexis UF: Synthetic seismographs Shonkinite Synthesis Synthetic seismographs Syenite aplite BT: Chemical processes Non-Preferred BT: Syenite RT: Analysis USE: Synthetic seismograms Syenite pegmatite Synthesis gas Synthetic sylvanite BT: Pegmatite BT: Gases BT: Synthetic minerals UF: Bowralite RT: Coal gas Synthetic fuels Syphons Syenite porphyry Non-Preferred BT: Porphyries Synthetic aperture radar USE: Siphoning Syenite Non-Preferred UF: Potassium syenite porphyry USE: SAR Systematic palaeontology Rhomb porphyry BT: Palaeontology Synthetic diamonds NT: Type locality Sylvite BT: Diamonds Type specimen BT: Potassium minerals Synthetic gems RT: Potash deposits UF: Artificial diamonds Systems analysis Potassium chloride BT: Systems engineering Synthetic fuels RT: Cost analysis Symmetrical folds BT: Liquid fuels Mathematical models BT: Folds NT: Alcohol fuels Operations research Coal conversion UF: Organization analysis Symplectite Ethanol BT: Mineralization Methanol Systems engineering Vegetable oils BT: Engineering RT: Biomass NT: Systems analysis

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 213 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

RT: Management Mine spoil heaps Talus slope Mathematical models Waste disposal Non-Preferred Operations research UF: Mine tailings USE: Scree slope UF: Systems management Tailings dams Tamping Systems management BT: Tailings disposal BT: Compaction Non-Preferred RT: Evaporation basin RT: Explosives USE: Systems engineering Retaining walls UF: Stemming Revegetation UF: Slime dams Tank farms T Tailings ponds BT: Fuel storage Storage tanks Tailings disposal RT: Oil storage T delta T BT: Tailings Storage Non-Preferred NT: Tailings dams USE: Seismic velocity Tantalite Tailings ponds BT: Tantalum minerals Tables (concentrators) Non-Preferred RT: Columbite BT: Gravity separators USE: Tailings dams RT: Heavy media separators Tantalum Jigs (concentrators) Tailings retreatment BT: Columbite Sluices (concentrators) BT: Tailings Non ferrous metals Thickeners (equipment) RT: Recycling NT: Tantalum isotopes Tailings sampling Tantalum minerals Tabling BT: Gravity separation Tailings sampling Tantalum isotopes RT: Heavy media separation BT: Sampling BT: Tantalum Jigging Tailings Panning RT: Tailings retreatment Tantalum minerals Sluicing UF: Dump sampling BT: Metalliferous minerals Tantalum Tabulate coral Takeovers NT: Tantalite BT: Coral Non-Preferred USE: Acquisitions Taphonomy Tacheometers Non-Preferred BT: Surveying instruments Talc USE: Fossilization RT: Theodolites BT: Industrial minerals NT: Talc deposits Taphrogeosyncline Tachylite RT: Ornamental stone BT: Geosynclines BT: Volcanic glass Talc schist NT: Palagonite Talcose rocks Tar sands RT: Basalt UF: Soapstone Non-Preferred UF: Tachylyte Steatite USE: Bituminous sands Tachylyte Talc deposits Tariffs Non-Preferred BT: Non metalliferous deposits BT: Government policy USE: Tachylite Talc RT: Trade practices UF: Consumer tariffs Taconite Talc schist Protective tariffs BT: Iron ores BT: Schist RT: Banded iron formation RT: Talc Tars Jaspilite BT: Bitumens UF: ltabirite Talcite RT: Asphalts Non-Preferred Tafoni USE: Damourite Tasmanite BT: Chemical weathering BT: Intrusive rocks Talcose rocks RT: Zeolite Tailings BT: Metamorphic rocks SN: Processed mine wastes RT: Talc Tau p transfonn BT: Mine wastes BT: Seismic interpretation NT: Saline tailings Talus Slimes Non-Preferred Taxation Tailings disposal USE: Scree BT: Government policy Tailings retreatment NT: Carbon tax Tailings sampling Talus breccia Resource rent tax RT: Effluents Non-Preferred USE: Scree breccia Stamp duty Fines RT: Accounting Gangue Mineral policy Industrial wastes Talus fan Royalties Mine filling Non-Preferred USE: Alluvial fans

~~214 BT'-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Taxonomy Tectonics Telluric current exploration BT: Palaeontology BT: Structural geology Non-Preferred NT: Classification NT: Collision zone USE: Telluric current surveys Phylum Convection RT: Nomenclature Downwarping Telluric current methods Plate tectonics BT: Electrical survey methods Technetium Structural terranes Telluric current surveys BT: Elements Surge tectonics RT: Radioactive minerals Syntectonics Telluric current survey equipment Tectonic cycle BT: Electrical survey equipment Technical reports Upwarping Telluric current surveys BT: Reports RT: Episodes Geanticlines Telluric current surveys Technical writing Geological processes BT: Electrical surveys BT: Publishing Geological structures NT: Telluric current RT: Documentation Geophysics Telluric current methods Editing Geosynclines Telluric current survey Photocopying Lineaments equipment Popular presentation Orogeny RT: Magnetotelluric surveys Printing Structural evolution UF: Telluric current exploration Serials Structural processes UF: Report writing (geology) Tellurides UF: Diastrophism Non-Preferred Techniques Geodynamics USE: Tellurium minerals Non-Preferred Geotectonics USE: Methods Macrotectonics Tellurium Megatectonics BT: Non ferrous metals Technology Tectonism NT: Tellurium isotopes NT: Applications Tellurium minerals Materials technology Tectonism Technology transfer Non-Preferred Tellurium isotopes RT: Engineering USE: Tectonics BT: Tellurium

Technology transfer Tectonite Tellurium minerals BT: Technology BT: Metamorphic rocks BT: Metalliferous minerals RT: Developing countries Tellurium Education Tectonophysics NT: Gold tellurides Non-Preferred Tetradymite Tectite USE: Solid earth geophysics UF: Tellurides Non-Preferred USE: Tektites Teetered bed separators Tellurometers BT: Gravity separators BT: Distance measuring Tectogenesis RT: Coal preparation equipment Non-Preferred RT: Surveying instruments USE: Orogeny Tektites BT: Meteorites TEM Surveys Tectonic breccia NT: Australites Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Darwin glass USE: Transient EM surveys USE: Fault breccia RT: Impact structures UF: Tectite Temperate regions Tectonic cycle BT: Climatic zones BT: Tectonics Telecommunications UF: Geosynclinal cycle BT: Communications Temperature Geotectonic cycle UF: Telemetry BT: Heat Hercynian orogeny NT: Temperature control Orogenic cycle Telemetry Thermometry Orogenic phase Non-Preferred RT: Thermomechanical analysis USE: Telecommunications UF: Critical temperature Tectonic maps BT: Geological maps Television Temperature control Structural mapping BT: Communications BT: Control systems NT: Lineament maps RT: Remote control Temperature RT: Structure contour maps Video applications RT: Air conditioning UF: Dip indication maps Air cooling Palaeotectonic maps Telluric current Mine ventilation Structural maps BT: Telluric current surveys Refrigeration UF: Earth current Ventilation

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 215 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Temperature gradients Tephra Terrestrial environment Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Non marine environment USE: Geothermal gradients USE: Volcanic ejecta Terrestrial magnetism Temperature logging Tephrite Non-Preferred BT: Well logging Non-Preferred USE: Geomagnetism NT: Temperature logs USE: Alkali basalt RT: Geothermal surveys Terrestrial radiation UF: Temperature well logging Tephroite Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Earth radiation Temperature logs USE: Olivine BT: Temperature logging Terrestrial sediments Well logs Terbium BT: Sediments BT: Rare earth elements NT: Freshwater sediments Temperature surveys NT: Terbium isotopes Glacial sediments Non-Preferred Red beds USE: Geothermal surveys Terbium isotopes RT: Marine sediments BT: Terbium UF: Continental deposits Temperature well logging Terrestrial deposits Non-Preferred Terminal moraines USE: Temperature logging BT: Moraines Terrigenous sediments RT: Longitudinal moraines BT: Marine sediments Temporal data UF: End moraine RT: Littoral sediments BT: Data mining Frontal moraine Territorial waters Temporary hardness Terminology BT: Oceans BT: Water quality Non-Preferred RT: Law of the sea USE: Nomenclature Legislation Temporary reserves Non-Preferred Termite mounds Tertiary USE: Exploration licences BT: Biota BT: Cainozoic RT: Geochemical exploration NT: Neogene Tenement maps Paleogene BT: Location maps Ternary diagrams Tenements BT: Petrology Tertiary education UF: Lease maps BT: Education Terpanes RT: Theses Tenements Non-Preferred BT: Legislation USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Tertiary recovery NT: Cash bidding Non-Preferred Licences Terrace mining USE: Reservoir stimulation Tenement maps BT: Open cut mining Teschenite Tennantite Terraces BT: Dolerite BT: Copper minerals Non-Preferred RT: Analcime dolerite RT: Tetrahedrite USE: River terraces Testing laboratories Tenorite Terrain classification Non-Preferred BT: Oxide minerals BT: Engineering geology USE: Laboratories RT: Land use planning Tensile properties Tests Non-Preferred Terrain effects NT: Field tests USE: Tensile strength BT: Geoid Laboratory tests

Tensile strength Terrain reflectance Tethys BT: Strength of materials BT: Remote sensing BT: Palaeogeography RT: Rock properties RT: Rock signatures RT: Gondwana Shear strength UF: Reflectance (remore Laurasia UF: Tensile properties sensing) Pangaea Tensile stress Rodinia Terrane analysis Supercontinent Tensile stress BT: Structural terranes Vaalbara Non-Preferred UF: Tethys sea USE: Tensile strength Terranes Non-Preferred Tethys sea Tension tests USE: Structural terranes Non-Preferred BT: Physical tests USE: Tethys Terrestrial deposits Tepee Non-Preferred Tetradymite BT: Sedimentary structures USE: Terrestrial sediments BT: Tellurium minerals

~~216 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Tetragonal system Thermal batteries Thermal power plants BT: Crystal systems Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Storage batteries USE: Electrical power generation Tetrahedrite BT: Copper minerals Thermal brines Thermal prospecting RT: Tennantite BT: Brines Non-Preferred RT: Hotsprings USE: Geothermal surveys Tetrapods BT: Vertebrata Thermal coal Thermal reactors RT: Amphibia Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Mammalia USE: Noncoking coal USE: Nuclear reactors Reptilia Vertebrate palaeontology Thermal conductivity Thermal recovery methods BT: Geothermal gradients BT: Reservoir stimulation Textures RT: Conductivity RT: Oil recovery NT: Rock textures Rock geophysics Soil textures Thermal springs Thermal diffusion separation Non-Preferred Thalassinoides Non-Preferred USE: Hot springs BT: Palaeontology USE: Isotope separation Thermobarometer Thallium Thermal drilling Non-Preferred BT: Non ferrous metals BT: Drilling USE: Hypsometer NT: Thallium isotopes Thermal energy Thermochemical properties Thallium isotopes BT: Energy BT: Chemical properties BT: Thallium Thermal erosion Thermochemistry Thallophyta Non-Preferred BT: Physical chemistry BT: Palaeobotany USE: Magmatic assimilation RT: Chemical engineering NT: Algae Chemical processes Thermal exploration Theft Non-Preferred Thermochronology BT: Security USE: Geothermal surveys BT: Geochronology RT: Fingerprinting RT: Metamorphic rocks Thermal gradients Thematic mapper surveys Non-Preferred Thermoclines BT: Landsat USE: Geothermal gradients Non-Preferred RT: Aerial geophysical surveys USE: Geothermal gradients Remote sensing Thermal history Non-Preferred Thermocouple Theodolites USE: Geothermal history BT: Electrical components BT: Surveying instruments RT: Tacheometers Thermal infrared imagery Thermodynamic properties UF: Transit BT: Imagery BT: Chemical properties Thermal infrared scanning RT: Fugacity Theory BT: Science Thermal infrared scanning Thermodynamics NT: Principles BT: Remote sensing BT: Physical chemistry NT: Infrared mapping NT: Rankine cycle Thermal alteration Thermal infrared imagery RT: Heat Non-Preferred UF: Infrared thermal scanning Kinetics USE: Thermal metamorphism Infrared thermography Thermal infrared surveys Thermoelectric power generation Thermal analysis Non-Preferred BT: Instrumental chemical Thermal infrared surveys USE: Electrical power generation analysis Non-Preferred NT: Differential thermal analysis USE: Thermal infrared scanning Thermogravimetric analysis Thermogravimetric analysis BT: Thermal analysis Thermal maturity RT: Gravimetric analysis Thermal anomaly BT: Maturation Non-Preferred RT: Coalification Thermoluminescence USE: Geothermal anomalies Petroleum genesis BT: Luminescence

Thermal aureole gold Thermal metamorphism Thermoluminescence dating BT: Gold deposits BT: Metamorphism BT: Age determination methods RT: Contact metamorphism RT: Geothermal history UF: Geothermal metamorphism Thermomechanical analysis Pyrometamorphism BT: Materials tests Thermal alteration RT: Temperature

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 217 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Thermometry Thixotropy Three dimensional seismic BT: Temperature BT: Physical properties surveys UF: Optical pyrometer RT: Clays BT: Seismic surveys Pyrometry Soil liquefaction RT: Two dimensional seismic surveys Thermonuclear power generation Tholeiite UF: 3D seismic surveys Non-Preferred BT: Basalt USE: Nuclear power generation Thrombolite& Thoria BT: Reefs Thermophiles Non-Preferred RT: Stromatolites BT: Bacteria USE: Thorium UF: Thennophillic bacteria Throw (fault) Thorianite Non-Preferred Thermophillic bacteria BT: Thorium minerals USE: Fault geometry Non-Preferred Uranium minerals USE: Thermophiles Thrust block Tho rite Non-Preferred Thesauri BT: Thorium minerals USE: Fault blocks BT: Indexing NT: Descriptors Thorium Thrust faults RT: Dictionaries BT: Rare earth elements BT: Faults Glossaries NT: Thorium isotopes UF: Low angle thrust Thorium minerals Overthrust Theses UF: Thoria Overthrust fault BT: Publishing Underthrust RT: Tertiary education Thorium dating Thrust nappe UF: Dissertations BT: Radiometric dating Non-Preferred USE: Nappe Thick seam mining Thorium isotopes BT: Coal mining BT: Radioactive isotopes Thrust plane Thorium Non-Preferred Thickeners (equipment) USE: Fault geometry BT: Size classifiers Thorium lead age method Thickening Non-Preferred Thucholite RT: Clarifiers USE: Uranium thorium lead dating BT: Uranium minerals Gravity separators Sluices (concentrators) Thorium lead dating Thulium Tables (concentrators) Non-Preferred BT: Rare earth elements USE: Uranium thorium lead dating Thickening NT: Thulium isotopes Size classification BT: Thorium minerals Thulium isotopes NT: Thickeners (equipment) BT: Radioactive minerals BT: Thulium RT: Agglomeration Rare earth minerals Clarification Thorium Thumper Dewatering (separation) NT: Cheralite Non-Preferred Flocculation Monazite USE: Weight dropping Gravity separation Thorianite Mineral processing Tho rite Thunder eggs Thorogummite BT: Geode Thickness map RT: Agate Non-Preferred Thorogummite Chalcedony USE: Isopach maps BT: Thorium minerals Opal RT: Uranium Thin seam mining Tidal currents BT: Coal mining Thoron Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Tides Thin sections USE: Radon progeny BT: Petrology Tidal energy UF: Rock sections Three dimensional methods BT: Coastal energy Non-Preferred RT: Wave energy Thiocarbamide USE: Three dimensional models UF: Tidal power Non-Preferred USE: Thiourea Three dimensional models Tidal flats BT: Models BT: Coastal features Thiourea UF: Three dimensional methods Tidal power BT: Chemical compounds Non-Prefeffed RT: Petroleum refining USE: Tidal energy UF: Thiocarbamide

~~218 BT-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF=Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Tidal power generation Time correlation (geological} Tin isotopes BT: Electrical power generation Non-Preferred BT: Tin RT: Hydroelectric power USE: Stratigraphic correlation generation Tin minerals UF: Tidal power plants Time depth curve BT: Metalliferous minerals BT: Seismic velocity Tin Tidal power plants RT: Traveltime NT: Cassiterite Non-Preferred Native tin USE: Tidal power generation Time distance curve Stannite BT: Seismic velocity Tidal waves (tsunamis) RT: Traveltime Tin mines Non-Preferred BT: Mines USE: Tsunamis Time domain Tin BT: Electrical surveys Tidal zone RT: Frequency domain Tin ores Non-Preferred BT: Tin USE: Littoral zone Time gradient NT: Cassiterite BT: Seismic velocity Tide gauges RT: Seismic reflection surveys Tin placer deposits BT: Hydrographic surveys BT: Placer deposits Time isopach maps Tin deposits Tides Non-Preferred UF: Alluvial tin deposits BT: Oceanic circulation USE: Structure contour maps RT: Earth tides Tin production Ocean currents Time lag BT: Mineral statistics Ocean waves Non-Preferred Tin Sea level USE: Delay time UF: Ocean tides Tin refining Tidal currents Time lead BT: Refining BT: Seismic velocity Tin Tight formation RT: Seismic refraction surveys Tin reserves BT: Low permeability reservoirs BT: Ore reserves RT: Permeability Time stratigraphic unit Tin UF: Tight gas Non-Preferred Tin resources Tight reservoir USE: Stratigraphic unit Tin resources Tight gas Time stratigraphy BT: Mineral resources Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Tin USE: Tight formation USE: Chronostratigraphy NT: Tin reserves

~~Tight reservoir Time structure maps Tin smelting Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Smelting USE: Tight formation USE: Structure contour maps Tin~~

Till Tin Tinguaite Non-Preferred BT: Non ferrous metals Non-Preferred USE: Glacial till NT: Native tin USE: Phonolite Tin alloys Till (glacial} Tin deposits Tipplers Non-Preferred Tin isotopes BT: Materials handling equipment USE: Glacial till Tin minerals RT: Bottom dumpers Tin mines Side dumpers Tillite Tin ores BT: Glacial sediments Tin production Tires Tin refining Non-Preferred Timber Tin reserves USE: Tyres BT: Building materials Tin resources RT: Wood Tin smelting Titania Non-Preferred Timbered stope mining Tin alloys USE: Titanium oxides BT: Stope mining BT: Alloys RT: Timbering (mines) Tin Titaniferous hematite NT: Brass Non-Preferred Timbering (mines) USE: Hematite BT: Mine support Tin deposits RT: Roof control BT: Metalliferous deposits Titanite Timbered stope mining Tin Non-Preferred NT: Tin placer deposits USE: Sphene Time break BT: Seismic velocity

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 219 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Titanium Top slice mining Toscanite BT: Non ferrous metals BT: Stope mining Non-Preferred NT: Titanium isotopes RT: Block caving USE: Rhyodacite Titanium minerals Titanium oxides Top soil Total energy RT: Ilmenite BT: Soils BT: Energy Rutile RT: Gas distribution Topaz Titanium deposits BT: Gemstones Total magnetic intensity maps Non-Preferred NT: Topazite Non-Preferred USE: Titanium minerals RT: Greisen USE: TMI maps Industrial gems Titanium dioxide Total organic carbon Non-Preferred Topazite Non-Preferred USE: Titanium oxides BT: Topaz USE: TOC RT: Quartz Titanium isotopes Total quality management BT: Titanium Topographic contours BT: Management BT: Topographic maps RT: Quality control Titanium minerals BT: Metalliferous minerals Topographic correction Toughness Titanium BT: Gravity corrections BT: Physical properties NT: Ilmenite RT: Hardness Leucoxene Topographic maps Rock properties Perovskite BT: Contour maps Tour reports Rutile Topographic surveys BT: Reports Sphene NT: Topographic contours RT: Progress reports UF: Titanium deposits RT: Base maps Photo maps Tourmaline Titanium oxides UF: Relief maps BT: Gemstones BT: Titanium NT: Dravite UF: Titania Topographic surveys UF: Schorl Titanium dioxide BT: Surveys NT: Topographic maps Tourmalinite Titanomagnetite RT: Aerial surveys BT: Metamorphic rocks BT: Magnetite Geodetic surveys RT: Ilmenite Geological surveys Tower mills Photogrammetry BT: Comminution equipment Titration Surveying BT: Chemical analysis Town gas Topography Non-Preferred TMI maps BT: Geomorphology USE: Coal gas BT: Magnetic field intensity NT: Karst Magnetic maps Town planning UF: Total magnetic intensity maps Topset bed Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Urban planning TOC USE: Current bedding BT: Organic geochemistry Toxic substances RT: Source beds Topsoil BT: Hazardous materials UF: Total organic carbon Non-Preferred RT: Chemical analysis USE: Soils Safe handling Todorokite BT: Manganese minerals Torbanite Toxicology BT: Oil shale BT: Forensic science Toluene UF: Bitumenite RT: Chemical analysis BT: Aromatic hydrocarbons Kerosene shale Pollution

Tomography Torbernite Trace analysis BT: Image interpretation BT: Uranium minerals BT: Chemical analysis Seismic interpretation RT: Multielement analysis NT: Seismic tomography imaging Torrential cross bedding Rock geochemistry Non-Preferred Spectroscopy Tonalite USE: Current bedding UF: Trace element analysis Non-Preferred USE: Quartz diorite Torsion magnetometers Trace element analysis BT: Magnetometers Non-Preferred Top blown converters USE: Trace analysis Non-Preferred Torsion seismometers USE: Converters Non-Preferred USE: Seismometers

~~220 BT=Broader term; NTc..Narrower term; RTc..Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Trace elements Tractors Transitional series BT: Geochemistry BT: Haulage vehicles BT: Stratigraphy NT: Trace metals RT: Excavation equipment NT: Passage bed UF: Minor elements Trade Transmissibility coefficient Trace fossils Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Fossils USE: Commerce USE: Transmissivity NT: Coprolites Foot prints Trade balance Transmission electron Problematica BT: Commerce microscopes Tracks and trails NT: Gregory thesis Non-Preferred UF: Chemical fossils RT: Economics USE: Electron microscopes Ichnofossils UF: Balance of payments Balance of trade Transmissivity Trace metals BT: Aquifer properties BT: Trace elements Trade practices UF: Transmissibility coefficient BT: Commerce Tracers RT: Commodity agreements Transparencies BT: Monitoring Tariffs Non-Preferred USE: Audio visual materials Trachyandesite Trade unions Non-Preferred BT: Industrial relations Transpiration USE: Latite RT: Personnel management Non-Preferred UF: Labour unions USE: Evapotranspiration Trachybasalt Non-Preferred Trail guides Transport equations USE: Latite BT: Field excursions BT: Mathematical analysis

Trachydolerite Training Transportation Non-Preferred Non-Preferred NT: Air transportation USE: Latite USE: Education Common carriers Trachyte Haulage Transfer faults Mine transportation BT: Intermediate igneous rocks Non-Preferred Ore transportation Volcanic rocks Pipeline transportation RT: Acid igneous rocks USE: Transform faults Rail transportation Phonolite Transfer zones Road transportation Syenite Spacecraft UF: Trachyte porphyry BT: Faulting Water transportation Transform faults RT: Bulk handling Trachyte porphyry BT: Faults Electric vehicles Non-Preferred RT: Plate tectonics Materials handling USE: Trachyte Sea floor spreading Motor vehicles Petroleum transportation Track etch dating UF: Transfer faults Non-Preferred Transformed waves Transported soils USE: Fission track dating BT: Seismic waves BT: Soils RT: Seismic reflection surveys RT: Residual soils Track etch survey methods BT: Radioactivity survey methods Transverse dunes Track etch surveys Transgressive sediments BT: Marine sediments BT: Dunes RT: Marine transgression Track etch surveys Transverse faults BT: Radioactivity surveys Transient EM methods BT: Faults NT: Track etch survey methods Non-Preferred RT: Radon detection Traps (petroleum) UF: Alphameter surveys USE: EM methods BT: Petroleum migration Transient EM surveys NT: Fault traps Trackless mining Permeability trap BT: Mining BT: EM surveys NT: Pulse EM surveys Stratigraphic trap RT: Coal mining Sirotem surveys Structural trap Mine transportation UTEM surveys UF: Seals Tracks and trails RT: Electromagnetometers BT: Trace fossils UF: TEM Surveys Traveltime NT: Worm casts BT: Seismic velocity Worm trails Transit RT: Time depth curve Worm tubes Non-Preferred Time distance curve USE: Theodolites

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Traverse location maps Trigoniidae Trough fault Non-Preferred BT: Bivalvia Non-Preferred USE: Location maps USE: Grabens Trilobita Travertine BT: Arthropoda Troughs BT: Geothermal sediments BT: Folds UF: Calcareous sinter Trimetrogon aerial photography BT: Aerial photography Calcareous tufa Truck and shovel mining Siliceous tufa Tripoli BT: Open cut mining Tufa Non-Preferred USE: Diatomaceous earth True dip Tree flotation BT: Dip BT: Coal analysis Triterpanes RT: Apparent dip Laboratory tests Non-Preferred USE: Biomarker hydrocarbons Tsunamis Tree ring chronology BT: Natural hazards Non-Preferred Triterpenes Ocean waves USE: Dendrochronology BT: Alkanes RT: Earthquakes Submarine earthquakes Tremolite Tritium UF: Seismic sea wave BT: Amphiboles BT: Hydrogen isotopes Tidal waves (tsunamis) Fibrous minerals NT: Tritium isotopes RT: Asbestos RT: Heavy water Tube mills Nephrite Hydrogen BT: Grinding mills

Trenching Tritium dating Tubing completion BT: Excavation BT: Radiometric dating Non-Preferred RT: Dredging USE: Well completion Mineral exploration Tritium isotopes Shoring BT: Radioactive isotopes Tubing head UF: Costeaning Tritium Non-Preferred USE: Well head Trend surface analysis Troctolite BT: Regression analysis Non-Preferred Tubing head pressure RT: Ore reserves USE: Gabbro Non-Preferred USE: Well pressure Trial mining Troilite BT: Mine development BT: Iron sulphides Tufa RT: Resource development Pyrrhotite Non-Preferred RT: Meteorites USE: Travertine Triangulation BT: Surveying Trolley assist vehicles Tuff RT: Mapping BT: Haulage vehicles Non-Preferred USE: Volcanic tuff Triaromatic steroids Trommels Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Tundra USE: Naphthenoaromatic USE: Sizing screens BT: Deserts hydrocarbons RT: Soils Trona Triassic BT: Evaporite minerals Tungsten BT: Mesozoic RT: Natron BT: Non ferrous metals NT: Tungsten carbides Triaxial compression test Trondhjemite Tungsten compounds ·Non-Preferred BT: Acid igneous rocks Tungsten deposits USE: Compression tests Plutonic rocks Tungsten isotopes RT: Granite Tungsten minerals Trickling filters Tungsten mines Non-Preferred Tropical cyclones USE: Sand filters BT: Storms Tungsten carbide bits RT: Weather BT: Drill bits Triclinic system UF: Cyclones (weather) RT: Pneumatic drills BT: Crystal systems Tropical regions Tungsten carbides Tridymite BT: Climatic zones BT: Carbides BT: Silica minerals RT: Monsoon Tungsten RT: Drill bits Trigonal system Troposphere Tungsten compounds Non-Preferred BT: Earth atmosphere USE: Hexagonal system

~~222 BT'-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Tungsten compounds Tunnelling machines Turbulent flow BT: Tungsten BT: Tunnelling Non-Preferred RT: Tungsten carbides NT: Tunnelling shields USE: Turbulance RT: Excavation equipment Tungsten deposits Jumbos Turquoise BT: Metalliferous deposits BT: Gemstones Tungsten Tunnelling shields RT: Chalcosiderite UF: Tungsten mineral deposits BT: Tunnelling machines Tuyeres Tungsten isotopes Tunnels BT: Converters BT: Tungsten BT: Tunnelling NT: Railway tunnels Twin Tungsten mineral deposits Tunnel blast Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Tunnel linings USE: Twinning USE: Tungsten deposits Water tunnels RT: Caisson Twinning Tungsten minerals Drive mining BT: Crystal growth BT: Metalliferous minerals Mine shafts RT: Crystallography Tungsten UF: Adits UF: Carlsbad twin law NT: Scheelite Karlsbad twin law Stolzite Turam EM survey methods Twin Tungstenite BT: Ground EM methods Tungstic ochre Two dimensional models Wolfram Turam EM surveys BT: Models Wolframite BT: Ground EM surveys Two dimensional seismic surveys Tungsten mines Turbidite BT: Seismic surveys BT: Mines BT: Sedimentary rocks RT: Three dimensional seismic Tungsten RT: Current bedding surveys UF: 2D seismic surveys Tungstenite Turbidity BT: Tungsten minerals BT: Physical properties Two mica granite RT: Emulsions Non-Preferred Tungstic ochre Suspended sediments USE: Binary granite BT: Tungsten minerals Turbidity currents Type curve Tunnel blast Turbidity currents BT: Geophysical interpretation BT: Blasting design BT: Ocean currents Models Tunnels RT: Bottom currents UF: Master curve Continental slope Tunnel erosion Density currents Type locality Non-Preferred Submarine canyons BT: Systematic palaeontology USE: Piping (erosion) Turbidity RT: Palaeontology

Tunnel kilns Turbine drilling Type section Non-Preferred BT: Drilling BT: Stratigraphic unit USE: Furnaces UF: Turbodrilling RT: Stratigraphic definition Stratigraphic nomenclature Tunnel linings Turbine drills BT: Down hole drills BT: Mine shafts Type specimen Drills Tunnels BT: Systematic palaeontology RT: Mine support RT: Rotary drilling RT: Palaeontology UF: Turbodrills Shaft linings UF: Holotype

Tunnelling Turbine pumps Tyres BT: Pumps BT: Excavation BT: Motor vehicles NT: Draft tube circulation NT: Austrian tunnelling method RT: Road transportation Tunnelling machines UF: Tires Turbodrilling Tunnels Non-Preferred Underwater tunnelling RT: Cherry pickers USE: Turbine drilling u Drainage (dewatering) Turbodrills Drilling Non-Preferred UAV Drive mining USE: Turbine drills Non-Preferred Mine surveying USE: Unmanned air vehicles Railway tunnels Turbulance Rock bolting BT: Fluid dynamics ULF EM methods Ventilation RT: Airflow BT: EM methods UF: Cut and cover tunnelling Fluid flow Subaqueous tunnelling UF: Turbulent flow

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 223 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Ullmannite Ultraviolet spectrometers Underground gasification BT: Nickel minerals Non-Prefe"ed BT: Gasification UF: Nickel antimony glance USE: Ultraviolet spectroscopy In situ recovery UF: In situ combustion Ultimate analysis Ultraviolet spectrophotometers In situ gasification BT: Chemical analysis Non-Prefe"ed RT: Proximate analysis USE: Ultraviolet spectroscopy Underground mapping BT: Geological mapping Ultimate analysis {coal) Ultraviolet spectroscopy RT: Mapping Non-Preferred BT: Spectroscopy Mine maps USE: Coal analysis RT: Atomic spectroscopy Mining geology X ray spectroscopy Subsurface maps Ultimate bearing capacity UF: Ultraviolet spectrometers Non-Prefe"ed Ultraviolet Underground mining USE: Bearing capacity spectrophotometers BT: Mining NT: Caving mining Ultrabasic igneous rocks Uncased drill holes Cut and fill mining Non-Preferred BT: Drill holes Declines USE: Ultrabasic rocks UF: Open hole Deep mining Longwall mining Ultrabasic rocks Unconfined aquifers Raising BT: Igneous rocks BT: Aquifers Room and pillar mining NT: Anorthosite RT: Ground water Stope mining Kimberlite UF: Unconfined ground water Underground space Komatiite Water table aquifer Undersea mining Limburgite RT: Air blast (mine subsidence) Peridotite Unconfined ground water Coal mining Picrite Non-Prefe"ed Floor heave Pyroxenite USE: Unconfined aquifers Hot ground RT: Basalt Mine shafts Basic igneous rocks Unconformity Mine ventilation Eclogite BT: Stratigraphic succession Pillar recovery Serpentinite NT: Diastem Shaft sinking UF: Ultrabasic igneous rocks Hiatus Surface mining Ultramafic rocks Regional unconformity RT: Geological time Underground sampling Ultracentrifuges UF: Disconformity Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Erosional unconformity USE: Mine sampling USE: Centrifugal separators Nonconformity Para conformity Underground space Ultraclean coal BT: Underground mining BT: Coal Unconsolidated sediments RT: Underground storage RT: Fossil fuels BT: Sediments Underground storage Ultramafic rocks Under balanced drilling BT: Storage Non-Preferred BT: Drilling RT: Fuel storage USE: Ultrabasic rocks Gas pipelines Underclay Gas reservoirs Ultramarine BT: Clays Gas storage Non-Preferred RT: Coal fields Natural gas USE: Sodalite Natural gas fields Underflow Oil storage Ultrasonic techniques BT: Ground water Underground space NT: Ultrasonic tests RT: Seepage Underground streams Ultrasonic tests Underground communications BT: Ground water BT: Materials tests Non-Prefe"ed Streams Ultrasonic techniques USE: Mine communications Underground supporting Ultraviolet fluorescence Underground drainage Non-Preferred BT: Fluorescence Non-Prefe"ed USE: Mine support RT: Fluorescence surveys USE: Subsurface drainage Luminescence Underground surveying Underground explosions Non-Preferred Ultraviolet radiation BT: Explosions USE: Mine surveying BT: Radiation NT: Coal outbursts RT: Solar radiation RT: Mine fires Underground water Mine gases Non-Preferred Ultraviolet spectra Mine safety USE: Ground water BT: Emission spectra Mine ventilation

~~224 BT:-Broader term; NT:-Na"ower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

~~Undersea mineral deposits Unmanned air vehicles Uranium 235 Non-Preferred BT: Aircraft Non-Preferred USE: Submarine mineral deposits UF: UAV USE: Uranium isotopes~~

Undersea mining Upgrading Uranium deposits SN: Mining under the sea floor Non-Preferred BT: Metalliferous deposits BT: Underground mining USE: Mineral processing Uranium RT: Oklo phenomenon Underthrust Uphole surveys Uranium minerals Non-Prefe"ed Non-Preferred USE: Thrust faults USE: Well velocity surveys Uranium enrichment BT: Uranium Underwater blasting Uphole time NT: Centrifugal process BT: Blasting Non-Preferred (uranium) RT: Marine mining USE: Shot datum Diffusion process (uranium) Underwater cameras Uplift pressure Nozzel process (uranium) BT: Cameras Non-Preferred RT: Isotope separation RT: Underwater equipment USE: Pore pressure Underwater photography Uranium exploration Upwarping BT: Mineral exploration Underwater completion BT: Tectonics RT: Exploration philosophy BT: Offshore completion RT: Downwarping Well completion Uranium fuel cycle Upwelling BT: Uranium Underwater drilling BT: Ocean currents RT: Nuclear energy Non-Preferred USE: Offshore drilling Uralite Uranium hexafluoride BT: Uranium Underwater equipment BT: Amphiboles BT: Marine surveys Uralitization Uranium isotope dating NT: Submersible vehicles Non-Preferred RT: Underwater cameras BT: Metamorphism RT: Epidiorite USE: Ionium thorium dating Underwater mining Uranium isotopes Uraninite Non-Preferred BT: Radioactive isotopes BT: Uranium minerals USE: Marine mining Uranium UF: Pitchblende NT: Plutonium Underwater photography RT: Radon progeny Uranium BT: Marine surveys UF: Uranium 233 BT: Non ferrous metals Photography Uranium 235 RT: Underwater cameras Nuclear fuels NT: Uranium deposits Uranium lead age method Uranium enrichment Underwater pipelines Non-Preferred BT: Pipelines Uranium fuel cycle USE: Uranium thorium lead dating Uranium hexafluoride UF: Offshore pipelines Uranium isotopes Uranium lead dating Underwater sampling Uranium minerals Non-Preferred Uranium mines Non-Preferred USE: uranium thorium lead dating Uranium ores USE: Bottom sampling Uranium oxide Uranium minerals Uranium policy Underwater tunnelling BT: Metalliferous minerals Uranium production BT: Tunnelling Radioactive minerals Uranium reserves Uranium Uranium resources Uniformitarianism NT: Autunite RT: Carbon trash BT: Geological processes Brannerite RT: Geology Fissionable materials Carnotite Thorogummite Davidite Unitization Gummite BT: Petroleum production Uranium 233 Thorianite Non-Preferred methods Thucholite USE: Uranium isotopes Reservoir management Torbemite RT: Proration Uraninite Uranium 234 age method Uranophane Non-Preferred Universal stage Vanadinite BT: Optical equipment USE: Ionium thorium dating Zeunerite RT: Uranium deposits Universe Uranium 234 dating BT: Cosmology Non-Preferred Uranium mines NT: Expanding universe USE: Ionium thorium dating BT: Mines Origin of the universe Uranium

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~~Uranium ores Urea Value adding BT: Uranium BT: Fertilizers BT: Management NT: Coffinite Nitrogen compounds RT: Refining~~

~~Uranium oxide Uses Vanadinite BT: Uranium Non-Preferred BT: Uranium minerals NT: Yellowcake USE: Applications Vanadium minerals~~

Uranium policy UTEM method Vanadium BT: Energy policy Non-Preferred BT: Non ferrous metals Uranium USE: Ground EM methods NT: Vanadium deposits Vanadium isotopes Uranium production UTEM surveys Vanadium minerals BT: Mineral statistics BT: Ground EM surveys Uranium Transient EM surveys Vanadium deposits BT: Metalliferous deposits Uranium reserves BT: Ore reserves Uvarovite Vanadium BT: Gamet Uranium Vanadium isotopes Uranium resources BT: Vanadium Uranium resources v Vanadium minerals BT: Uranium BT: Metalliferous minerals NT: Uranium reserves Vaalbara Vanadium BT: Palaeogeography NT: Vanadinite Uranium series age method RT: Gondwana Non-Preferred Laurasia Vapors USE: Ionium thorium dating Pangaea Non-Preferred Rodinia USE: Vapours Uranium series dating Supercontinent Non-Preferred Tethys Vapour magnetometers USE: Ionium thorium dating BT: Magnetometers Vacuum drilling UF: Helium magnetometers Uranium thorium lead age method BT: Drilling Non-Preferred Vapour metallurgy USE: Uranium thorium lead dating Vacuum filters BT: Extractive metallurgy Non-Preferred NT: Chlorination Uranium thorium lead dating USE: Filters BT: Radiometric dating Dechlorination UF: Thorium lead age method Fuming Vacuum fusion analysis Vapourization Thorium lead dating BT: Gas analysis RT: Electrometallurgy Uranium lead age method RT: Chemical analysis Uranium lead dating Halogenation Pyrometallurgy Uranium thorium lead age Vacuum gauges Smelting method BT: Instruments Sublimation RT: Barometers Uranophane Vapour phase BT: Uranium minerals Vacuum metallurgy Non-Preferred BT: Metallurgy USE: Gaseous phases Uranus RT: Physical metallurgy BT: Planets Vapourization Vacuum pumps BT: Vapour metallurgy Urban land use BT: Pumps Non-Preferred NT: Condensing USE: Land use planning Sublimation Vacuum sintering RT: Fuming Non-Preferred Gasification Urban planning USE: Sintering BT: Planning Retorting UF: Vapourizers Urbanization Valentinite Volatilisation NT: Residential subdivisions BT: Antimony minerals RT: Community development UF: Antimony bloom Vapourizers UF: Town planning White antimony Non-Preferred USE: Vapourization Urban wastes Valleys BT: Wastes BT: Geomorphology Vapours RT: Industrial wastes NT: Incised valleys Waste disposal BT: Gases RT: Canyons UF: Vapors UF: Gullies Urbanization BT: Land use planning NT: Urban planning

~~226 BT-Broader term; NT-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

~~Variation diagrams Velocity gradient Vermes BT: Igneous petrology Non-Preferred BT: Invertebrate palaeontology RT: Igneous rocks USE: Hydraulic gradient NT: Annelida~~

Variograms Velocity logging Vermiculite BT: Geostatistics BT: Well logging BT: Clay minerals UF: Acoustic logging RT: Industrial minerals Variscite Sonic logging Lightweight aggregates BT: Phosphate minerals Perlite Velocity logs Varved shales BT: Welllogs Vertebrata Non-Preferred UF: Acoustic logs BT: Fauna USE: Varves Sonic logs NT: Amphibia Aves Varves Velocity profiles Mammalia BT: Sediments BT: Seismic velocity Pisces RT: Glacial sediments RT: Vertical seismic profiles Reptilia Seasonal variation Tetrapods UF: Varved shales Velocity profiling RT: Invertebrata Non-Preferred Vat leaching USE: Seismic reflection surveys Vertebrate palaeontology BT: Leaching BT: Palaeontology Velocity surveys NT: Amphibia Vector analysis BT: Surveys Aves BT: Mathematical analysis Well tests Mammalia RT: Downhole surveys Pisces Vector data Reptilia Non-Prefe"ed Ventilation RT: Anthropology USE: Spatial data BT: Environmental management Archaeology NT: Mine ventilation Tetrapods Vectorial data Ventilation ducts Non-Preferred Ventilation fans Vertical aerial photography USE: Spatial data RT: Air cleaners BT: Aerial photography Air conditioning Vegetable oils Air cooling Vertical electrical sounding BT: Synthetic fuels Air filtration Non-Preferred RT: Oil seeds Airflow USE: Resistivity sounding Vegetation Cooling systems Dust sampling Vertical seismic profiles · BT: Botany Exhaust systems BT: Seismic profiles NT: Chlorophyll RT: Velocity profiles Ground cover Mine shafts Safety engineering Revegetation Temperature control Vesuvianite Sea weed BT: Limestone Seeds Tunnelling UF: Air circulation UF: ldocrase RT: Dieback Ventilators Forestry Vibrating feeders Organic material Ventilation ducts Non-Preferred BT: Ventilation USE: Feeders Vehicle generated pollutants Non-Prefe"ed Ventilation fans Vibrating mills USE: Waste gases BT: Exhaust systems BT: Grinding mills Vehicles Ventilation UF: Blowers Vibrating screens NT: Electric vehicles Exhaust fans Non-Preferred Hovercraft USE: Sizing screens Motor vehicles Fans (ventilation) Ventilation shafts Vibration Vein deposits NT: Vibrographs BT: Lodes BT: Mine ventilation RT: Agitation RT: Ore shoots Ventilators Compaction Veins UF: Fissure veins Non-Preferred Seismometers USE: Ventilation Gash veins Vibration gravimeters Lode deposits Venus Non-Preferred Veins BT: Planets USE: Gravimeters BT: Orebodies NT: Quartz veins Venus atmosphere Vibration magnetometers RT: Vein deposits Non-Preferred BT: Magnetometers UF: Fissure veins USE: Extrate"estrial atmospheres

~~USE- directs the user to the prefe"ed term 227 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

~~Vibration meters VLF EM methods Volcanic deposits Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Non-Preferred USE: Vibrographs USE: Ground EM methods USE: Volcanogenic deposits~~

Vibrators (machinery) VLF EM surveys Volcanic dust BT: Equipment BT: Ground EM surveys Non-Preferred RT: Mineral processing USE: Volcanic ash equipment Vogesite Non-Preferred Volcanic ejecta Vibratory compacting USE: Lamprophyre BT: Ejecta BT: Compaction Pyroclastic rocks Void ratio Volcanoes Vibrographs BT: Voids NT: Volcanic ash BT: Vibration RT: Soil properties Volcanic bombs RT: Blasting vibration UF: Ejectamenta UF: Vibration meters Voids Tephra BT: Porosity Vibroseis NT: Void ratio Volcanic eruption BT: Seismic energy source UF: Interstices BT: Volcanoes RT: Weight dropping NT: Volcanic gases Volatile matter RT: Volcanic prediction Video BT: Coal constituents BT: Graphic presentation RT: Gaseous phases Volcanic exhalative deposits UF: Volatiles Non-Preferred Video applications USE: Volcanogenic deposits BT: Communications Volatiles RT: Television Non-Preferred Volcanic explosion USE: Volatile matter BT: Volcanoes Viola rite BT: Nickel minerals Volatilisation Volcanic gases RT: Linnaeite Non-Preferred BT: Volcanic eruption USE: Vapourization Viscosity Volcanic glass BT: Physical properties Volcanic activity BT: Volcanic rocks RT: Rheological properties BT: Volcanism NT: Perlite UF: Coefficient of viscosity Tachylite Volcanic arcs UF: Obsidian Visual display terminals Non-Preferred Pitchstone BT: Computer hardware USE: Island arcs Rhyolite glass Volcanic hosted deposits Vitrain Volcanic ash BT: Mineral deposits BT: Coal constituents BT: Volcanic ejecta RT: Vitrinite NT: Ashflows Volcanic necks Vitrinite reflectance RT: Pyroclastic rocks Non-Preferred UF: Ash (volcanic) USE: Volcanic vents Vitric tuff Volcanic dust Non-Preferred Volcanic plugs USE: Volcanic tuff Volcanic belt BT: Volcanoes Non-Preferred UF: Plug (volcanic) Vitrification USE: Volcanic zones BT: Glass RT: Devitrlfication Volcanic bombs Volcanic prediction BT: Volcanoes Diagenesis BT: Volcanic ejecta RT: Volcanic eruption Silicification RT: Pyroclastic rocks Volcanic rocks Vitrinite Volcanic breccia BT: Igneous rocks BT: Coal constituents BT: Breccia NT: Acid volcanic rocks NT: Vitrinite reflectance Pyroclastic rocks Augitite RT: Vitrain NT: Breccia pipes Basalt RT: Diatremes Dacite Vitrinite reflectance Volcanic tuff Felsite BT: Organic diagenesis Keratophyre Vitrinite Volcanic cones Latite RT: Coalification BT: Volcanoes Lavas Maturation NT: Cinder cones Limburgite Reflectivity UF: Spattercone Nephelinite Vitrain Phonolite Volcanic craters Pumice Vivianite BT: Craters Pyroclastic rocks BT: Phosphate minerals Volcanoes Rhyodacite

~~228 BT'-Broader term; NT'-Narrower term; RT=Retated term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Rhyolite Volcanic vents Wall rock Shoshonite RT: Crater lakes BT: Orebodies Trachyte UF: Lavalake NT: Wall rock alteration Volcanic glass RT: Host rock Xenolith Volcanogenic deposits UF: Country rock RT: Andesite BT: Mineral deposits Footwall Granophyre NT: Kuroko deposits Hanging wall Perlite RT: Mineral genesis UF: Effusive rocks Ore genesis Wall rock alteration Volcanogenic rocks UF: Exhalative deposits BT: Wall rock Volcanic deposits NT: Replacement dyke Volcanic tuff Volcanic exhalative deposits RT: Orebodies BT: Pyroclastic rocks NT: Pozzolan Volcanogenic rocks Warning systems RT: Ignimbrite Non-Preferred BT: Safety Volcanic breccia USE: Volcanic rocks RT: Accident prevention UF: Air fall tuff Natural hazards Explosion tuff Volcanogenic sediments Safety devices Scoria tuff BT: Sediments Tuff Washers (cleaners) Vitric tuff Volcanology Non-Preferred Welded tuff BT: Volcanism USE: Scrubbers NT: Volcanic zones Volcanic vents RT: Geomorphology Washing BT: Volcanoes Lavas Non-Preferred NT: Fumarole Seismology USE: Scrubbing UF: Chimney (volcanic) UF: Vulcanology Neck (volcanic) Waste burial Volcanic necks Voltage regulation BT: Waste disposal BT: Control systems RT: Land filling Volcanic zones RT: Electrical power generation Radioactive wastes BT: Volcanology RT: Island arcs Voltammetry Waste disposal UF: Volcanic belt BT: Electrolysis BT: Waste management NT: Anodic stripping NT: Incineration Volcaniclastics voltammetry Marine disposal Non-Preferred Cathodic stripping Subaqueous disposal USE: Pyroclastic rocks voltammetry Waste burial RT: Drainage (dewatering) Volcanism Volume estimation Effluents BT: Geological processes BT: Surveying Environmental science NT: Diatremes Evaporation basin Volcanic activity Volumetric analysis Exhaust systems Volcanoes BT: Chemical analysis Industrial wastes Volcanology RT: Chromatography Land filling RT: Episodes Gas analysis Materials handling Magma Vughs Mine filling Magma chamber Non-Preferred Mine wastes Natural hazards USE: Geode Pollution Radioactive waste Volcanoes Vulcanology processing BT: Landforms Non-Preferred Recycling Volcanism USE: Volcanology River pollution NT: Caldera Subsurface drainage Dormant volcanoes Tailings Ejecta w Urban wastes Extinct volcanoes Waste gases Fissure eruption Waste oil recycling Wacke Fissure vents Waste treatment BT: Sandstone Lavas Wastes Mud volcanoes Water pollution Wad Stratovolcanoes UF: Garbage disposal Non-Preferred Submarine volcanoes Refuse disposal Volcanic cones USE: Bog manganese Volcanic craters Waste energy Wages and salaries Volcanic ejecta BT: Energy conservation Volcanic eruption BT: Working conditions RT: Superannuation Volcanic explosion UF: Allowances Volcanic plugs Volcanic prediction Overtime

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 229 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Waste gases Mine waters Water chemistry BT: Airborne wastes Water BT: Chemistry Gases Water pollution RT: Limnology Industrial wastes Water recycling Water pollution RT: Combustion products UF: Ground water chemistry Exhaust systems Waste water reuse Hydrochemistry Gas scrubbing Non-Preferred Stacks USE: Water recycling Water clarification Waste disposal Non-Prefe"ed UF: Exhaust emissions Wastes USE: Water treatment Exhaust gases NT: Airborne wastes Flue gases Cover systems Water conditioning Fumes Fly ash Non-Prefe"ed Stack gases Gangue USE: Water treatment Vehicle generated pollutants Industrial wastes Mine wastes Water conservation Waste heaps Organic wastes BT: Conservation Non-Prefe"ed Radioactive wastes RT: Agricultural engineering USE: Industrial waste heaps Residues Cooling towers Sewage Flood control Waste management Urban wastes Ground water recharge BT: Wastes Waste management Hydrology NT: Cover systems Wastewater Revegetation Evaporation basin RT: Byproduct& River basins Exhaust systems Pollution Runoff Salvage materials Slags Soil conservation Waste disposal Waste disposal Water recycling Waste treatment UF: Refuse Water resources RT: Synroc Watersheds Water Waste mantle NT: Distilled water Water content Non-Prefen-ed Freshwater BT: Water USE: Surficial sediments Ground water RT: Moisture content Hygroscopic water Waste oil Ice Water cooled reactors BT: Industrial wastes Meteoric water Non-Prefe"ed NT: Waste oil recycling Saltwater USE: Nuclear reactors UF: Oilwaste Sea water Steam Water coolers Waste oil recycling Surface waters Non-Prefe"ed BT: Recycling Water content USE: Water cooling Waste oil Water factor RT: Waste disposal Water quality Water cooling Water storage BT: Cooling Waste processing Water supply RT: Air cooling Non-Preferred Water treatment UF: Water coolers USE: Waste treatment RT: Process water Wastewater Water cooling towers Waste rock Non-Preferred Non-Prefen-ed Water analysis USE: Cooling towers USE: Mine wastes BT: Chemical analysis RT: Water pollution Water cycle Waste to heat Non-Preferred BT: Biomass Water balance USE: Hydrologic cycle RT: Bagasse Non-Prefe"ed USE: Water budget Water distribution Waste treatment Non-Prefe"ed BT: Waste management Water base muds USE: Water supply NT: Bioremediation BT: Drilling muds Recycling Water divining RT: Biodegradation Water bores BT: Ground water surveys Mine wastes Non-Preferred UF: Divining Waste disposal USE: Water wells Dowsing UF: Industrial waste treatment Waste processing Water budget Water drive SN: Net input/output BT: Petroleum well drives Wastewater BT: Water resources RT: Condensing steam drive BT: Wastes UF: Hydrological budget Gas drive RT: Effluents Water balance Oil recovery Industrial wastes Reservoir engineering

~~230 BT'-Broader term; NT=Na"ower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Water flooding Water mist Wastewater Water influx BT: Air pollution control Water conservation UF: Natural water drive Dust control Water resources UF: Waste water reuse Water erosion Water moderated reactors Water reclaimation BT: Erosion Non-Preferred RT: Glacial erosion USE: Nuclear reactors Water removal River erosion Non-Preferred Soil erosion Water of crystallization USE: Drainage (dewatering) UF: Rain erosion BT: Crystal structure RT: Crystallization Water resource maps Water factor BT: Resource maps BT: Water Water pipelines Water resources BT: Pipelines RT: Hydrogeological maps Water filters RT: Encrustations Water resources Non-Preferred Pipeline transportation BT: Natural resources USE: Water treatment NT: Ground water resources Water pollution Water budget Water filtration BT: Pollution Water management Non-Preferred NT: Eutrophication Water resource maps USE: Water treatment Ground water pollution RT: Ground water surveys Marine pollution Hydrogeological maps Water flooding River pollution Precipitation (meteorology) BT: Reservoir stimulation RT: Industrial wastes Resource assessment NT: Water influx Nitrification Rivers RT: Bottom hole pressure Organic wastes Surface waters Condensing steam drive Radioactive wastes Water conservation Injection patterns Waste disposal Water quality Injection wells Wastewater Water recycling Oil recovery Water analysis Water supply Oil reservoirs Water chemistry Perforating Water quality Water rights Water drive Water supply BT: Government policy UF: Flooding (formation) RT: Land rights Water injection Water pressure Legislation Non-Preferred Water heating USE: Hydrostatic pressure Water samples BT: Heating BT: Water sampling RT: Solar heating Water pressure test BT: Hydrostatic pressure Water sampling Water holes BT: Sampling Non-Preferred Water prospecting NT: Ground water sampling USE: Waterholes Non-Preferred Nansen bottle USE: Ground water surveys Water samples Water influx RT: Geochemical sampling BT: Water flooding Water purification RT: Mining Non-Preferred Water softening Oil reservoirs USE: Water treatment Non-Preferred Salt water encroachment USE: Demineralization Subsurface drainage Water quality Water drive BT: Water Water spreading NT: Ground water quality Non-Preferred Water injection Hard water USE: Artificial ground water Non-Preferred Permanent hardness recharge USE: Water flooding Potable water Soft water Water storage Water jackets Temporary hardness BT: Water BT: Cooling RT: Water pollution NT: Dams Heating Water resources RT: Water supply Water treatment Water jet cutting Water supply Non-Preferred Water reclaimation BT: Water USE: Jet cutting Non-Preferred NT: Aqueducts USE: Water recycling Flumes Water management Water tunnels BT: Water resources Water recycling RT: Aquifers NT: Ground water management BT: Recycling Civil engineering Irrigation Water treatment Ground water recharge RT: Disposal basins RT: Pollution Ground water surveys Sewage treatment

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 231 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Hydrology Water tunnels Wave built terrace Pipelines BT: Tunnels Non-Prefe"ed Water pollution Water supply USE: Wave cut platforms Water resources RT: Aqueducts Water storage Flumes Wave cut bench Water treatment Hydroelectric power Non-Prefe"ed UF: Water distribution generation USE: Wave cut platforms

Water table Water waves Wave cut platforms BT: Ground water level NT: Ocean waves BT: Coastal features RT: Aquicludes RT: Beach erosion UF: Marine cut platform Aquifers Marine cut terrace Drainage (geomorphology) Water well construction Wave built te"ace Drawdown Non-Preferred Wave cut bench Recharge wells USE: Well construction River basins Wave energy Water wells Water well surveys BT: Coastal energy Watersheds Non-Prefe"ed RT: Tidal energy UF: Ground water table USE: Well location surveys UF: Wave power

~~Water table aquifer Water well tests (aquifer) Wave power Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Non-Prefe"ed USE: Unconfined aquifers USE: Aquifer tests USE: Wave energy~~

Water transportation Water well tests (production) Wavellite BT: Transportation Non-Preferred BT: Phosphate minerals NT: Ports. USE: Well discharge tests Shipping Waxes UF: Cargo transportation Water wells BT: Hydrocarbon byproducts SN: Use for either drilled or NT: Montan wax Water treatment excavated wells Ozocerite BT: Chemical engineering BT: Ground water Paraffin wax Water Wells RT: Bitumens NT: Lime soda ash process NT: Artesian wells Microorganism control (water) Subartesian wells Waxy oils Reverse osmosis RT: Aquifers BT: Crudeoil Spray ponds Drawdown Water recycling Springs Wear Water treatment plant Subsurface drainage BT: Physical properties RT: Absorption Water table NT: Wear resistance Activated carbon Well completion Wear tests Aeration Well discharge tests Carbonation Well tests Wear (materials) Chlorination UF: Water bores BT: Materials Clarification NT: Abrasion Demineralization Water wheels Abrasives Filtration BT: Hydroelectric power Fluoridation generation Wear resistance lon exchange BT: Wear pH control Waterfalls RT: Hardness Recycling BT: Streams Liners Sand filters Los Angeles test Sedimentation tanks Waterholes UF: Abrasion resistance Water quality BT: lakes Water supply Streams Wear tests UF: Chemical removal (water RT: Billabongs BT: Physical tests treatment) UF: Water holes Wear Feedwater treatment RT: Hardness tests Water clarification Watershed management Los Angeles test Water conditioning BT: Watersheds Water filters Weather Water filtration Watersheds BT: Meteorology Water purification BT: Hydrology NT: Monsoon NT: River basins Storms Water treatment plant Watershed management RT: Climatology BT: Water treatment RT: Catchment El Nino effect NT: Sequencing batch reactor Drainage (geomorphology) Tropical cyclones Runoff Water conservation Water table

~~232 BT-Broader term; NT-Na"ower term; RT'-Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Weathering UF: Casing Water wells BT: Geological processes Well liners Well tests Surficial geology UF: Water well tests (production) NT: Case hardening (geological) Well cementing Well tests (production) Chemical weathering BT: Well completion Decomposition RT: Cements Well drilling Desert polish Grouting BT: Drilling Mechanical weathering Lost circulation NT: Sidetracked hole Organic weathering Well casing Well completion Spheroidal weathering UF: Cementing Well control Weathering profile Weathering tests Well circulation Well evaluation Zone of weathering Non-Preferred Non-Preferred RT: Efflorescence USE: Mud circulation USE: Formation evaluation Erosion Leaching (geology) Well completion Well head Supergene alteration BT: Well drilling BT: Wells UF: Atmospheric weathering NT: Multiple completion NT: Casinghead Differential weathering Offshore completion RT: Blowout prevention Rock weathering Open hole completion Casing tools Perforating UF: Christmas tree Weathering profile Sand control Tubing head BT: Weathering Slim hole completion RT: Soil profiles Underwater completion Well head pressure Well abandonment Non-Preferred Weathering tests Well casing USE: Well pressure BT: Weathering Well cementing RT: Materials technology Well completion report Well liners UF: Artificial weathering tests RT: Blowout prevention Non-Preferred Bottom hole pressure USE: Well casing Weeds Bottom hole temperature BT: Environmental management Casinghead Well location surveys Flora Oil wells BT: Ground water surveys Plugging Surveys Weight dropping Producing wells RT: Borehole surveys BT: Seismic energy source Reservoir engineering UF: Water well surveys RT: Vibroseis Water wells Well surveys UF: Thumper Well tests UF: Tubing completion Well log interpretation Weight indicators Well completion practices BT: Well logging BT: Drilling equipment Well recompletion UF: Log analysis RT: Rotary drills Quantitative log analysis Well completion practices Weightometers Non-Preferred Well logging Non-Preferred USE: Well completion BT: Logging USE: Continuous weighing NT: Caliper logging Well completion report Directional well logging Weirs BT: Well completion Electrical well logging BT: Dams Focussed current logging Well construction Gamma gamma logging Welded tuff BT: Wells Mud logging Non-Preferred UF: Water well construction Radioactivity logging USE: Volcanic tuff Sidewall sampling Well control Temperature logging Welding BT: Well drilling Velocity logging BT: Materials technology NT: Blowout prevention Well log interpretation Mudding off Well logs Well abandonment Wire line logging BT: Well completion Well cuttings RT: Borehole surveys NT: Plugging Non-Preferred Drilling fluids UF: Abandoned wells USE: Drill cuttings Formation evaluation Abandonment Geophysical surveys Well deliverability Mud properties Well casing BT: Reservoir performance Oil wells BT: Well completion RT: Isochronal tests Porosity NT: Casing tools UF: Deliverability capacity (wells) Stratigraphy RT: Drilling Well tests Perforating Well discharge tests UF: Bore logging Well cementing BT: Pump tests Borehole logging Wells RT: Aquifer tests

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 233 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Well logs Well stimulation Oil wells BT: Logs Non-Preferred Producing wells Well logging USE: Reservoir stimulation Recharge wells NT: Caliper logs Relief wells Composite logs Well surveys Shut in wells Digital logs Non-Preferred Stratigraphic wells Dipmeter logs USE: Well location surveys Stripper wells Directional well logs Water wells Electrical well logs Well swabbing Well construction Gamma gamma logs BT: Well servicing Well head Radioactivity logs Well servicing Temperature logs Well tests RT: Drawdown Velocity logs BT: Reservoir engineering Drill holes RT: Drill hole logs NT: Downhole surveys Drilling UF: Bore logs Isochronal tests Lost circulation Liquids evaluation tests Well casing Well performance Logging Non-Preferred Pump tests Wenner array USE: Reservoir performance Velocity surveys BT: Electrode array RT: Aquifer tests Well point drainage Bottom hole pressure Wemerite BT: Drainage (dewatering) Bottom hole temperature Non-Preferred RT: Drainage wells Fonnation tests USE: Scapolite Pump drainage Oil wells UF: Wellpoints Water wells Wet assaying Well completion BT: Assaying Well pressure Well discharge tests RT: Radiometric assaying BT: Reservoir pressure Well logging RT: Bottom hole pressure UF: Production tests Wet gas UF: Casinghead pressure BT: Natural gas Tubing head pressure Well tests (production) Well head pressure Non-Preferred Wet separation USE: Well discharge tests BT: Mineral separation Well programmes BT: Project management Well velocity surveys Wetlands BT: Seismic surveys BT: Biota Well pumps NT: Shothole velocity surveys NT: Swamps BT: Pumps UF: Uphole surveys RT: Flood plains Well shooting Lakes Well recompletion Streams Non-Preferred Well water USE: Well completion Non-Preferred Wettability USE: Ground water BT: Physical properties Well reconditioning NT: Wetting Non-Preferred Well workover RT: Surface tension USE: Well servicing Non-Preferred UF: Hydrophilic properties USE: Well servicing Hydrophobic properties Well servicing BT: Wells Wellbore instability Wetting NT: Well swabbing Non-Preferred BT: Wettability RT: Drills USE: Formation damage RT: Dust control Oil wells Percussion drills Well points Wetting agents Rotary drills Non-Preferred BT: Reagents UF: Reconditioning (wells) USE: Well point drainage RT: Flotation reagents Well reconditioning Surface tension Well servicing rigs Wells Well workover SN: Use for wells drilled in soft Wheel excavators Workover operations rock eg. oil wells, water wells BT: Excavation equipment Workover rigs NT: Appraisal wells NT: Bucket wheel excavators Condensate wells RT: Road headers Well servicing rigs Deep wells Non-Preferred Development wells Whipstock USE: Well servicing Drainage wells BT: Directional drilling Exploratory wells Well shooting Horizontal wells White antimony Non-Preferred Injection wells Non-Preferred USE: Well velocity surveys Killed wells USE: Valentinite Nonproductive wells Observation wells

~~234 BT=Broader term; NT:-Narrower term; RT=Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

White clay Wind erosion Wolfram BT: Clays BT: Erosion BT: Tungsten minerals NT: Aeolian White gold Dreikanter Wolframite BT: Gold alloys Gibber BT: Tungsten minerals Lag deposits NT: Hubnerite White mica UF: Ablation RT: Scheelite Non-Preferred Deflation UF: Ferberite USE: Muscovite Wind abrasion Wollastonite White nickel Wind power BT: Fibrous minerals Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Industrial minerals USE: Chloanthite USE: Wind energy RT: Silicate refractories

White portland cements Wind power generation Wood Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Renewable energy USE: Cements USE: Wind energy RT: Fuels Timber Whiteness index Wind pressure Non-Preferred BT: Pressure Wooden piles USE: Reflectivity BT: Piles Winders Whiteware BT: Mine hoisting Worden gravimeter Non-Preferred RT: Hoists Non-Preferred USE: Ceramics Mine shafts USE: Gravimeters

~~Whiting Winding Work programmes Non-Preferred Non-Preferred BT: Programmes USE: Calcium carbonates USE: Mine hoisting UF: Ocean drilling program~~

Whole rock analysis Windmills Work study BT: Chemical analysis BT: Wind energy BT: Efficiency Rock chemistry Industrial engineering RT: Age determination methods Winzing BT: Shaft sinking Workability Wildcat wells RT: Mining Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Raising USE: Ductility USE: Exploratory wells Wire line core barrel Worker participation Wilderness BT: Core barrels Non-Preferred BT: Remote areas USE: Industrial democracy RT: Environmental· protection Wire line coring Non-Preferred Working capital Wildfires USE: Wire line drilling Non-Preferred BT: Fires USE: Capital RT: Bush fires Wire line drilling Forest fires BT: Drilling Working conditions UF: Fire storms UF: Wire line coring BT: Personnel management Mass fires NT: Superannuation Wire line logging Wages and salaries Willemite BT: Welllogging BT: Zinc minerals NT: Wire line logs Workover operations Non-Preferred Wind Wire line logs USE: Well servicing BT: Meteorology BT: Wire line logging RT: Petrophysics Workover rigs Wind abrasion Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Wire netting USE: Well servicing USE: Wind erosion BT: Mine safety Workplace safety Wind breaks Wire ropes Non-Preferred BT: Environmental management BT: Mine hoisting USE: Safety RT: Revegetation RT: Hoist ropes Hoists World reviews Wind energy Skips BT: Reviews BT: Renewable energy UF: Cables NT: Windmills World Wide Web UF: Wind power Witherite Non-Preferred Wind power generation BT: Carbonate minerals USE: Internet

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 235 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Worm casts X ray fluorescence analysis X ray fluorescence BT: Tracks and trails Non-Preferred spectroscopy USE: X ray fluorescence X rays Worm trails spectroscopy UF: X ray spectrographs BT: Tracks and trails X ray spectrometry X ray fluorescence spectrometers Worm tubes BT: Spectrometers X ray stress analysis BT: Tracks and trails RT: X ray fluorescence BT: Materials tests spectroscopy RT: X ray fluorescence Wrench faults spectroscopy BT: Faults X ray fluorescence spectroscopy BT: Atomic spectroscopy X rays Wulfenite RT: Fluoroscopy BT: Electromagnetic radiation BT: Lead minerals Qualitative analysis RT: X ray spectroscopy Radiography Wustite Stereochemistry Xanthate BT: Iron minerals X ray analysis BT: Flotation reagents X ray apparatus Wycheproofrte X ray diffraction Xanthosiderite BT: Zirconium minerals X ray emission spectroscopy Non-Preferred X ray fluorescence USE: Goethite spectrometers X X ray spectroscopy Xenolith X ray stress analysis BT: Plutonic rocks UF: X ray absorption Volcanic rocks X ray absorption RT: Igneous inclusions Non-Preferred X ray fluorescence X ray fluorescence analysis Igneous rocks USE: X ray fluorescence spectroscopy X ray irradiation Xenon BT: Irradiation BT: Rare gases X ray analysis NT: Xenon compounds BT: Analysis RT: Radiography X ray microscopy Xenon isotopes BT: Microscopy UF: Xenon arcs X ray fluorescence RT: Photomicrography spectroscopy Xenon arcs X ray photoelectron spectroscopy Non-Preferred X ray apparatus BT: X ray spectroscopy USE: Xenon BT: Equipment RT: X ray fluorescence X ray powder diffraction Xenon compounds spectroscopy BT: X ray diffraction BT: Xenon X ray spectroscopy X ray powder pattern RT: X ray diffraction pattern Xenon isotopes X ray atomic spectroscopy UF: Powder diffraction BT: Xenon BT: Atomic spectroscopy X ray powder pattern Xenothermal deposits X ray crystallography NT: X ray powder diffraction Non-Preferred BT: Crystallography RT: X ray diffraction pattern USE: Hydrothermal deposits X ray diffraction X ray spectra Xenotime BT: Molecular spectroscopy BT: Yttrium minerals NT: X ray diffraction pattern BT: Emission spectra X ray powder diffraction X ray spectrographs RT: X ray fluorescence spectroscopy Non-Preferred y USE: X ray spectroscopy X ray diffraction pattern Yeast BT: X ray diffraction X ray spectrometry BT: Fungi Non-Preferred RT: X ray powder diffraction USE: X ray spectroscopy X ray powder pattern Yellow ground Non-Preferred X ray spectroscopy X ray emission spectroscopy USE: Kimberlite BT: Spectroscopy BT: X ray spectroscopy RT: X ray fluorescence NT: X ray emission Yellowcake spectroscopy spectroscopy BT: Uranium oxide X ray photoelectron X ray fluorescence spectroscopy Yield point RT: Atomic spectroscopy Non-Preferred Non-Preferred Materials tests USE: X ray fluorescence USE: Yield strength spectroscopy Radiography Ultraviolet spectroscopy X ray apparatus

~~236 BTc...Broader term; NTc...Narrower term; RTc...Related term; UF-Use for Alphabetical Listing~~

Yield strength Zeunerite Zinc refining BT: Physical properties BT: Uranium minerals BT: Refining Strength of materials Zinc UF: Yield point Zinc Yield stress BT: Base metals Zinc reserves NT: Hemimorphite BT: Ore reserves Yield stress Zinc alloys Zinc Non-Preferred Zinc deposits Zinc resources USE: Yield strength Zinc isotopes Zinc minerals Zinc resources Youngs modulus Zinc mines BT: Mineral resources Non-Preferred Zinc ores Zinc USE: Elastic theory Zinc production NT: Zinc reserves Zinc refining Ytterbium Zinc reserves Zinc silicate BT: Rare earth elements Zinc resources BT: Zinc NT: Ytterbium isotopes Zinc silicate Zinc smelting Zinc smelting Ytterbium isotopes Zinc sulphate BT: Zinc BT: Ytterbium Zinc sulphides RT: Galvanizing Zinc spinel Yttrium UF: Spelter Non-Preferred BT: Rare earth elements USE: Gahnite NT: Yttrium isotopes Zinc alloys Yttrium minerals BT: Alloys Zinc sulphate Zinc BT: Zinc Yttrium iron garnets BT: Gamet Zinc blende Zinc sulphides RT: Ferrites Non-Preferred BT: Zinc USE: Sphalerite Yttrium isotopes Zincite BT: Yttrium Zinc bloom BT: Oxide minerals Non-Preferred Zinc minerals Yttrium minerals USE: Calamine BT: Metalliferous minerals Zinnwaldite Yttrium Zinc deposits BT: Mica NT: Xenotime BT: Base metal deposits Zinc Zircon RT: Zinc minerals BT: Gemstones z Industrial minerals Zinc isotopes NT: Zircon sands BT: Radioactive isotopes RT: Industrial gems Zaratite Refractory materials BT: Nickel minerals Zinc Zirconium Zinc minerals Zeolite BT: Metalliferous minerals Zircon dating NT: Zeolite minerals RT: Tasmanite Zinc Non-Preferred NT: Calamine USE: Radiometric dating Franklinite Zeolite facies BT: Metamorphic facies Goslarite Zircon sands Smithsonite BT: Mineral sands RT: Diagenesis Sphalerite Zircon Zeolite minerals Willemite Zincite Zirconium BT: Non metalliferous minerals RT: Indium BT: Elements Zeolite NT: Analcime Oxide minerals NT: Zirconium isotopes Sulphate minerals Zirconium minerals Natrolite Sulphide minerals RT: Zircon Phillipsite Prehnite Zinc deposits Zirconium isotopes Scolecite Zinc mines BT: Zirconium Stilbite RT: lon exchange resins BT: Mines Zinc Zirconium minerals BT: Zirconium Zeolite process BT: lon exchange Zinc ores' NT: Wycheproofite BT: Zinc Zoisite Zeolitization BT: Metamorphism Zinc production BT: Epidote BT: Mineral statistics RT: Metamorphic rocks Zinc

~~USE- directs the user to the preferred term 237 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

~~Zone of aeration BT: Earth lithosphere RT: Oxidized zone Zone of cementation Zone of saturation Zone of weathering~~

~~Zone of cementation BT: Earth lithosphere RT: Zone of aeration Zone of saturation Zone of weathering~~

~~Zone of saturation BT: Earth lithosphere RT: Ground water Zone of aeration Zone of cementation Zone of weathering~~

~~Zone of weathering BT: Earth lithosphere Weathering RT: Zone of aeration Zone of cementation Zone of saturation~~

~~Zoning Non-Preferred USE: Land use planning~~

~~Zoning (mineral deposits) BT: Mineral deposits~~

~~Zoning (mineralogy) Non-Preferred USE: Mineral zoning~~

~~Zoology BT: Natural science NT: Fauna Metazoa Microorganisms RT: Palaeontology~~

238 BT=Broader term; NT=Narrower term; RT-Related term; UF-Use for e e e e e Section 2 e e e Hierarchical Listing e e e e e e e e e· e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Heirarchicallndex e Analysis • • • • • Atomic spectra . • Piezoelectric crystals . Bacteriological analysis • • • • • Emission spectra • • Piezoelectric materials • Chemical analysis Continuous spectra • Resistivity • . Ash analysis Gamma spectra e •• Assaying Line spectra Elements . . . Assay value Molecular spectra . Carbon . . • Radiometric assaying Ultraviolet spectra • • Activated carbon • • • Wet assaying X ray spectra • • Carbon compounds e • . Bulk mineral analysis ••••• Mass spectra ••• Carbides • • • Bulk mineral analyzers • • • • • Stellar sepctra • • • • Calcium carbide . . Chemical indicators . • • • Spectrochemical analysis •••• Cementite • • • Methyl orange . • . • Spectrometers • • . • Iron carbide e • • • Phenolphthalein ESR spectroscope • • . • Silicon carbide • • Chromatography Multichannel spectrometers • • • • Tungsten carbides • • • Gas chromatography Optical spectrometers • • • Carbonates e • • • Liquid chromatography X ray fluorescence • • • • Calcium carbonates . • • Paper chromatography spectrometers ••••• Chalk • • Coal analysis . • . • Ultraviolet spectroscopy • • • • Carbonate minerals • • • Fixed carbon ratio • • • • X ray spectroscopy Ankerite e . . • Tree flotation . • • • • X ray emission spectroscopy Aragonite Colorimetry . • • • • X ray photoelectron Azurite Electrochemical analysis spectroscopy Barytocalcite Electrolytic analysis . • • Thermal analysis Calcite e Electron diffraction analysis . . • • Differential thermal analysis • • • • • • Low magnesium calcite Gas analysis • • • • Thermogravimetric analysis Cerussite • • • Gas analyzers Major element analysis Dolomite (mineral) • • • • Gas detectors Microanalysis Magnesite e . • • • • Mud gas analyzers Microprobe analysis Malachite • • • Vacuum fusion analysis Multielement analysis Rhodochrosite Gravimetric analysis Oil analysis Siderite • • Heavy mineral analysis Organic analysis Smithsonite e . . Instrumental chemical analysis Proximate analysis Strontianite Bulk mineral analyzers Qualitative analysis ••••• Witherite Electrophotometry • • • Flame tests • • • • Magnesium carbonates Infrared analysis • • Quantitative analysis • . . • Potassium carbonates e lnstream analysis • • • Elemental analysis ••.•• Potash lon beam analysis Silicate analysis • • • • Sodium carbonates Onstream analysis Titration • • • Hydrocarbons Polarography Trace analysis • • • • Aliphatic hydrocarbons e Radioactivation analysis Ultimate analysis ••.•. Alkanes Spectroscopy • • Volumetric analysis Butanes • • • • Atomic spectroscopy • • Water analysis Ethane • . • • • Atomic absorption • • Whole rock analysis Heptanes e spectroscopy • Financial analysis Hexanes • • • • • Atomic structure Charitable trusts Methane • • • • • • Atomic weight • • Cost benefrt analysis Coalbed methane Gamma spectroscopy • • Discounted cash flow • • • • • • • Methane drainage e Mass spectroscopy • X ray analysis • • • • • • • Methane series Neutron spectroscopy •••••• Pentanes X ray atomic spectroscopy Automation •••••• Propane X ray fluorescence Automatic control ••••• Alkenes e spectroscopy • Robotics Acetylene • • • • Electron spectroscopy Butadienes • • • • ESR spectroscopy Communications Ethylene • • • • Fluoroscopy • Mine communications Hopenes e • • • • ICP spectroscopy • Radio communication Sterenes •••• Microwave spectroscopy • • Satellite communication Triterpenes • • • • Molecular spectroscopy Telecommunications • • • • • Naphthenes • . • • • Colorimetry Television .•••• Paraffins e •.••• Infrared spectroscopy Video applications . • • • Aromatic hydrocarbons •••••• FTIR spectroscopy Benzene • . • • • Molecular structure Community development Naphthalene e . . • • • X ray diffraction • Mining towns Phenanthrenes . . • • • • X ray diffraction pattern Retene . . • • • • X ray powder diffraction Electrical properties Toluene • . • • Mossbauer spectroscopy • Conductivity • • • • Biomarker hydrocarbons e • • • • NMR spectroscopy . • Superconductivity • • . • Naphthenoaromatic • • . • Raman spectroscopy Dielectric constant hydrocarbons •••• Spectra Electrical field . • . • Refined hydrocarbons e • . • • • Absorption spectra Piezoelectric effect • • • • • Diesel fuel e 241 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Kerosene • • . • • Solar generators •••..• Zeunerite Lubricating oil •••••• Solar cells • . • . • Uranium mines Naphthas • • • • Tidal power generation • • • • • Uranium ores Carbon isotopes . • • Electrical power transmission •••••• Coffinite Carbonization • Energy budget • • • • • Uranium oxide Charcoal • Energy conservation •••••• Yellowcake Fullerenes • • Waste energy Uranium policy • Hydrogen • Energy economics Uranium production • • Hydrogen isotopes • • Energy consumption Uranium reserves Deuterium • • Energy factor Uranium resources . • . Heavy water • Energy management • . • • • • Uranium reserves ••• Tritium • Energy policy • • • Reactor cores •••• Tritium isotopes .• Coal policy • • Nuclear weapons • . Uquid hydrogen • • Petroleum policy • Potential energy • Isotopes • • • Petroleum legislation • Pumped storage • . Isotopic fractionation • • Uranium policy • Radiation • . Stable isotopes Energy resources • • Atmospheric radiation • Major element analysis • Energy statistics ••• Aurora • Nitrogen • Energy storage Background radiation • • Liquid nitrogen •• Fuel cells • • Earth radiation . • Nitrogen compounds • • Storage batteries • • Electromagnetic radiation ••• Nitrates • • • Battery chargers ••• Ught • • • Nitrogen inorganic compounds • Kinetic energy •••• Lasers •••• Ammonia • Nuclear energy • • • • • Laser applications • • • • • Ammonium compounds • • Nuclear explosives • • • • Polaiized light • • • • • • Ammonium nitrate • • • Nuclear explosion detection ••• X rays • • • • • • Ammonium sulphate Nuclear fission •• Extraterrestrial radiation • • • • • Liquid ammonia Nuclear fuel cycle Cosmic noise • • • Organic nitriles Nuclear fusion Cosmic rays ••• Urea Nuclear power generation Extraterrestrial radio waves • • Nitrogen cycle Nuclear proliferation Radiation belts ••• Nitrification Nuclear reactions Solar radiation ••• Nitrogen fiXation • • • Oklo phenomenon • • • • Solar radio emission • • Nitrogen inorganic compounds • • • Radioactive decay •••• Sunlight ••• Ammonia • • • • Decay constant •• Infrared radiation ••.• Ammonium compounds • • • • Fission tracks • • Irradiation ••••• Ammonium nitrate • • • • • Fission track analysis • • • Alpha irradiation • • • • • Ammonium sulphate • • • • Radioactive half life • • • Fluorescence • • • • Liquid ammonia • • • • Radiogenic heat • • • • Fluorescence surveys •• Nitrogen isotopes • • Nuclear reactors • • • • Ultraviolet fluorescence •• Nitrogen oxides Control rods • • • Gamma irradiation • Phosphorus Fast breeder reactors • • • Luminescence • Sulphur Nuclear fuel elements •••• Cathodoluminescence Sulphur deposits Nuclear fuels • • • • Thermoluminescence • • Sulphur dioxide •••• Plutonium • • • Neutron irradiation • • Sulphur isotopes • • • • • Plutonium isotopes • • • X ray irradiation • • Sulphur recovery •••• Uranium • • Nuclear radiation • Technetium • • . • • Uranium deposits • • • Alpha radiation • Zirconium • . • • • Uranium enrichment • • • Beta radiation • • Zirconium isotopes • • • • • • Centrifugal process (uranium) ••• Dosimetry • • Zirconium minerals •••••• Diffusion process (uranium) • • • • Dosimeters • • • Wycheproofite •••..• Nozzel process (uranium) Gamma radiation Uranium fuel cycle • • • Radiation effects Energy • • • • • Uranium hexafluoride • • • Radiation hazards • Agricultural energy • • • • • Uranium isotopes •••• Fallout • Electrical energy •••••• Plutonium • • • Radiation measuring instruments • • Electrical power . • • • • • • Plutonium isotopes Beryllium detectors • • • Electrical power distribution • • . • • Uranium minerals • • • • Dosimeters • • • Electrical power generation •••••• Autunite • • • • Radiation counters • • • • CHP generation ••.•••• Saleeite Gamma counters • • . • Cogeneration Brannerite • • • • • Geiger counters • • • • Electrochemical power Carnotite • • • • • Nuclear emulsion counters generation Davidite • • • • • Scintillometers • • • • Hydroelectric power generation Gum mite • • • Radiation protection ••••• Penstocks Thorianite • • • • Radioprotective agents • • • . • Water wheels Thucholite • • • • Radon protection • • • • MHO electrical power Torbemite • • • Radioactive materials generation Uraninite • • • • Radioactive isotopes • • . • Nuclear power generation Uranophane Actinium isotopes • • • • Solar power generation Vanadinite • • • • • Americium isotopes

~~242 Hierarchical Listing~~

~~Ber1~~

~~243 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

. . • • Geotextiles • • • • Geomembranes • • • Drilling platforms • • • • • Geomembranes • • • Retaining walls . • • • Semisubmersible platforms • • • • Retaining walls • Industrial engineering . • • Offshore anchors • • Highway engineering • • Ergonomics • • • Production platforms • • Prestressing • • Noise reduction • • Petroleum development • • River engineering •• Work study • • Petroleum refining • Control systems • Mechanical engineering • • • Byproducts • • Automatic control • • Fluid mechanics •••• Fly ash Computer control • • • Fluid dynamics • • Petroleum transportation • • Electronic control Darcys law • • Reservoir engineering • • Flow charting ••.• Fluid flow • • • Core analysis • • • Critical path method . • • • Gas dynamics • • • • Rock eval pyrolysis Flow control • • • • • Aerodynamics • • • Enhanced recovery Flow measurement •••••• Airflow • • • • Carbon dioxide flooding • . Pneumatic control ••••• Fugacity • • • • Reservoir stimulation • . Pollution control • • • • Hydrodynamics Carbon dioxide flooding Air cleaners BernouUis theorum • • • • • Condensing steam drive Bunds • • • • • Hydraulic head • • • • • Fracturing (formation) Emissions trading • • . • • Hydrostatic equilibrium • • • • . • Hydraulic fracturing Exhaust systems • • • • • Hydrostatic level • • • • • • Nuclear fracturing •.•• Stacks • • • • Turbulance •••••• Proppants • . • • Ventilation fans •• Flywheels ••••• Injection patterns • • • Phytoremediation •• Friction (engineering) ••••• Injection wells • • • Spillage control • Mechanization • • • • • Thermal recovery methods • . Process control • Military applications • • • • • Water flooding • • • Material balance • • Nuclear weapons • • • • • • Water influx • • • Process variables • Mining engineering • • • Formation tests • . Quality control •• Caisson •••• Logging • . Remote control •• Drainage (dewatering) • • • • • Core logging •• Temperature control • • • Drainage wells .....• Core logs • • Voltage regulation • • • Gravity drainage Geological logging • Design • • • Mine drainage • • • • • Logging equipment • • Plant design • • . • Acid mine drainage ••••• Logs Flow sheets Pump drainage Biostratigraphic logs • • • Pilot plants • • • Subsurface drainage Core logs • • • Plant construction • • • Surface drainage Drill hole logs ••• Scaling up • • • Well point drainage Geochemical logs • • State of the art Headframes Geological logs • Electrical engineering •• Highwall Geophysical logs • • Electrical circuits • • Mine hoisting • • • • • • • Magnetic logs • • • Electrical grounding Gages Graphic logs • . Electrical equipment Hoist ropes •••••• Mud logs Capacitors Hydraulic hoisting •••••• Well logs • • • Electrical cables Pneumatic hoisting Caliper logs • • • Electrical components Skips Composite logs • • • • Electrical circuits Winders Digital logs • • • • • Electrical grounding Wire ropes Dipmeter logs • • • • Photoelectric cells • • Mine lighting Directional well logs • • • • Photovoltaic cells • • Mine shafts Electrical well logs • • • • Thermocouple Circular shafts • • • • • • • • Conductivity logs • • Galvanometers Inclined shafts • • • • • • • • Induction logs • Equipment design Loading pockets • • • • • • • • Resistivity logs • Foundation engineering Shaft linings •••••••• SP logs •• Compaction Shaft sinking • • • • • • • Gamma gamma logs Compaction curve • • • • Shaft boring • • • • • • • Radioactivity logs • • • Roll compacting •••• Winzing • • • • • • • • Nuclear magnetism logs ••. Tamping • • . Tunnel linings ••••••. Temperature logs • . • Vibratory compacting • • Mine transportation ••••••• Velocity logs • • Foundations Aerial ropeways ••••• Mud logging • • • Base courses and pavements Cages •••••• Mud logs •• Piles Mine cars ••••• Well logging Bearing piles Mine locomotives • • • • • • Caliper logging Concrete piles Skips • • • • • • • Caliper logs Sheet piles • • Mine ventilation • • • • • • Directional well logging Steel piles Mine dust • • • • • • • Directional well logs Wooden piles ••• Mine gases • • • • • • Electrical well logging • • Reinforced earth • • • Ventilation shafts ••••••• Conductivity logging • • Reinforcement methods • Nuclear engineering • • • • • • • • Conductivity logs Gabions • Petroleum engineering • • • • • • • Electrical well logs • • • Geotextiles • • Offshore structures • • • • • • • • Conductivity logs

~~244 Hierarchical Listing~~

• . • • • • • • Induction logs ••.••• Water drive • • • . • • • Autogenous grinding • • • • • • . • Resistivity logs Primary recovery ••.•••. Ball milling •.•••••• SP logs • . • • • Production decline curve Dry grinding • . . • • • • Induction logging • . • • • Reservoir pressure ••••••• Grindability ••••••.. Induction logs . • • • • • Formation pressure • • • • • • • Grinding mills . • • • • • • Resistivity logging • • • • • • • Bottom hole pressure ••••••.• Ball mills • • • . • • • • Resistivity logs • • . . • • • Overpressured formations ...••.•• Hammer mills ••••••• SP logging • • • • • • Pressure buildup analysis ••••••.. Pebble mills ••.•..•• SP logs • • • • • . Pressure reduction •••.•••• Rod mills • • • • • • Focussed current logging • • • • • • Well pressure •••••••• Tube mills . • • • • • Gamma gamma logging • • • • • Reservoir stimulation • • • • • . • • Vibrating mills . • • • • • • Gamma gamma logs Carbon dioxide flooding . • . . . • • Hammer milling • • . • • • Mud logging • • • • • • Condensing steam drive ••....•• Hammer mills ..••••• Mud logs • . . . • • Fracturing (formation) . • . • • • • Pebble milling • • . • • • Radioactivity logging • • • • • • • Hydraulic fracturing •.•••••• Pebble mills • • • • • • • Radioactivity logs • • • • • • • Nuclear fracturing ••••••• Rod milling • • • • • . . • Nuclear magnetism logs .•••••• Proppants ••.••••• Rod mills • . • • • • Sidewall sampling Injection patterns • . . . • . High pressure comminution •••.•• Temperature logging •••••. Injection wells Continuous processes . • • • • • • Temperature logs • • . • • • Thermal recovery methods • • . . . Continuous weighing Velocity logging • . • • . • Water flooding • • • • • Entrainment • • • • • . Well log interpretation • • • • • • • Water influx • • • • • • Air entrainment ••.••• Well logs • • . • • Shale oil recovery ••••• Fluxes Galiperlogs • • • • • Well deliverability . • • • . • Self fluxing Composite logs •••• Unitization • • . • . Mineral processing equipment Digital logs ••• Recovery ••..•• Furnaces Dipmeter logs • . • • Coal recovery Coke ovens Directional well logs • . • • Hydrocarbon processing Electrical furnaces Electrical well logs • • • • • Gas processing Gas furnaces • • • • • • • • Conductivity logs • • • • • • Gas scrubbing Hearths • • • • • • • • Induction logs • • • • • • Natural gas conversion Induction furnaces • • • • • • • • Resistivity logs • • • . • • • OXCO process Metallurgical furnaces •••••••• SP logs • • • • Mineral processing • • • • • • • • Blast furnaces • • • • • • • Gamma gamma logs . • • • • Beneficiation ••••••••• Raceway • • • • • • • Radioactivity logs • • • • • • Mineral beneficiation • • . • • • • • Converters • • • • • • • • Nuclear magnetism logs • • • • • • Mineral concentrates • • • • • • • • • Basic converters • • • . • • • Temperature logs ..••• Briquetting • • • • • . . • • Bessemer converters .•••••• Velocity logs • • • • • Byproducts • • • • • • • • • Copper converters • • • • • • Wire line logging •••••• Fly ash • • • • • • • • • Lead converters • • • • • • • Wire line logs • • . • • Coal preparation • • • • • • • • • Nickel converters Gas oil interface • • • • • • Clean coal technology • • • • • • • • • Oxygen blown converters Gas water interface • • • • • Comminution • • . • • • • • • Steel converters Oil water interface • • • • • • Comminution equipment ••.•••••• Tuyeres Petroleum production methods ••••••• Crushers • • • • • • • . Heat treating furnaces • • • • Gas production methods • • • • • • • • Cone crushers • • • • • • • • Openhearth furnaces • • • • • Gas production tests • • • • • • • • Gyratory crushers • • • • • • • • Retort furnaces . • • • • Gasification • • • • • • • • Impact crushers •••••••• Roasters • • • • • • Coal gasification • • • • • • • • Jaw crushers • • • • • • • • Sintering furnaces • . • • • • Underground gasification . • • • • • • • Mobile crushers • • • • • • • Muffle furnaces • • • • Offshore production methods • • • • • • . • Roll crushers . . • . . • • Reverberatory furnaces • • • • • Subsea production • • • • • • • • Stamp batteries • • • • • • lnline pressure jig . • • • Oil production methods • • • • • • • Grinding mills •••••• Liners ••••• Oil production tests ••••••.• Ball mills • • • • • • • Metal liners • • • • Reservoir performance •••••••• Hammer mills • • • • • • • Rubber liners Bottom hole temperature •••••••• Pebble mills • • • • • • Mineral separators • . • • • Garbon dioxide flooding •••••••• Rod mills Dialyzers • • • • • Formation damage •••••••• Tube mills Electrostatic separators •••••• Skin effect (wells) • • • • • • . • Vibrating mills Flotation equipment • • • • • Gas liquid ratio ••••••• Tower mills Gravity separators • • • • • • Gas oil ratio •.•••• Crushing • • • • • • • • Centrifugal separators • • • • • • Gas water ratio ••••••• Crushers • • • • • • • • • Cyclone separators Natural gas liquid recovery • • • • • • • • Cone crushers • • . • • • • • • • Hydrocyclones • . • • • Observation wells • • • • • • • • Gyratory crushers • • • • • • • • • Spiral separators . . • • • Oil liquid ratio . • • • • • • • Impact crushers • • • • • • • • Heavy media separators • • • • • • Oil water ratio •••••••. Jaw crushers • • . • • • • • • Heavy media cyclones . • • • • Petroleum recovery • • • • • • • • Mobile crushers •••••••• Jigs (concentrators) • • • • • • Gas recovery • . • • • • • • Roll crushers • • • • . • . • Sluices (concentrators) • • • • • • Oil recovery • • • • • • • • Stamp batteries • • • • . . • • Tables (concentrators) • . • . • Petroleum well drives • • • • • • • Granulation •••••••• Teetered bed separators •••••• Gas drive •••••• Grinding • • • • • . . Magnetic separators

~~245 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

• • • • • Mineral separation •••••••• Jigs (concentrators) • • • • • Logging equipment • • • • • • Decantation ••••••• Panning ..••• Logs • • • . • • . Counter current ••.•••• Sluicing Biostratigraphic logs decantation ••.••••• Sluices (concentrators) Core logs .•.•.. Dewatering (separation) ••••••• Tabling Drill hole logs ••••••• Single Leaf Filter Test • • • • • • Magnetic separation Geochemical logs •••••• Dialysis • • • • • • • Magnetic separators Geological logs ...... Dialyzers • • • • • • • MHS separation Geophysical logs Dielectric separation •••••• Mineral concentrates • • • • • • • Magnetic logs • • • • • • Dry separation •••••• Mineral separators Graphic logs • • . • . • Electrostatic separation Dialyzers •••••• Mud logs • . • • • • • Electrostatic separators Electrostatic separators •••••• Well logs •••••• Filtration Flotation equipment Caliper logs . • . . . . • Air filtration Gravity separators Composite logs • • • • • • • Biofiltration • • • • . • • • Centrifugal separators Digital logs ••••••• Dialysis • • • • • • • • • Cyclone separators Dipmeter logs •••••••• Dialyzers • • • • • • • • • • Hydrocyclones Directional well logs •••.••• Filter cake • • • • • • . • • Spiral separators Electrical well logs ••••••• Filters • • • • • • • • Heavy media separators • • • • • • • • Conductivity logs • • • • • • • • Dust filters • • • • • • • • • Heavy media cyclones •••••••• Induction logs •••••••• Gas filters •••••••• Jigs (concentrators) • • • . • • • • Resistivity logs •••••••• Oil filters •••••••• Sluices (concentrators) •••••••• SP logs •••••••• Sand filters •••••••• Tables (concentrators) • • • • • • • Gamma gamma logs • • • • • • • Fluid filters •••••••• Teetered bed separators • • • • • • • Radioactivity logs •••••. Flotation • • • • • • • Magnetic separators • • • • • • • • Nuclear magnetism logs Bubble columns •••••• Ore sorting ••••••• Temperature logs Bubble size ••.•••• Colorimetric sorting ••••••• Velocity logs Column flotation • • . • • • • Photometric sorting • • • • • Mud logging Electroflotation • • . • • • • Radiometric sorting •••••• Mud logs • . • • • • . Flotation equipment ••.••• Pulps ••••• Well logging • . • • • • • Flotation reagents • • • • • • Wet separation • • • • • • Caliper logging • • • • • . • • Depressing reagents • • • • • Ore pretreatment • • • • • • • Caliper logs • • • • • • • • Frothing reagents •••••• Pelleting • • • • • • Directional well logging •••••••• Xanthate • • • • • Process water • , • • . • • Directional well logs Froth flotation ••••• Refining • • • • • • Electrical well logging • • • • • • • lon flotation Aluminium refining ••••••• Conductivity logging • • • • • • • Precipitate flotation Copper refining • • • • • • • • Conductivity logs • . • . • • • Scavenging Drossing • • • • • • • Electrical well logs •••••• Gravity separation Electrolytic refining • • • • • • • • Conductivity logs • . • • • • • Centrifugal separation Gold refining • • • • • • • • Induction logs • • • • • • • • Centrifugal separators Lead refining • • • • • • • • Resistivity logs • . • • • • • • • Cyclone separators ••••••• Cupellation •••••••• SP logs ••••••.••• Hydrocyclones • • • • • • • • Gold recovery • • • • • • • Induction logging • • • • . . . • • Spiral separators • • • • • • • • Silver recovery •••••••• Induction logs • • • • • • • • Cyclone separation • • • • • • • Desilverizing • • • • • • . Resistivity logging • • • • • • • • • Cyclone separators • • • • • • Nickel refining . • • • • • • • Resistivity logs • • • • • • • • • • Hydrocyclones • • • • • • • Sherritt process ••••••• SP logging • • • • • • • • • Hydrocyclone separation Refineries •••••••• SP logs • • • • • • • • • • Hydrocyclones . • • • . • Silver refining • • • • • • Focussed current logging • • . • • • • • Spiral separation • • • • • • Tin refining • • • • • • Gamma gamma logging • • • • • • • • • Spiral separators . • • • • • Zinc refining • • • • • • • Gamma gamma logs • • • • • • • Gravity separators ••••• Scrubbing • . • • • • Mud logging • • • • • • • • Centrifugal separators • • • • • • Gas scrubbing ••••••• Mud logs • • • • • • • • • Cyclone separators •••••• Scrubbers • • • • • • Radioactivity logging • • • • • • • • • • Hydrocyclones • • • Reservoir characteristics • • • • • • • Radioactivity logs • • • • • • • • • Spiral separators Layered reservoirs • • • • • • • • Nuclear magnetism logs • • • • • • • • Heavy media separators • • • • Permeable reservoirs • • • • • • Sidewall sampling • • • • • • • • • Heavy media cyclones • • • • Reservoir geometry • • • • • • Temperature logging .•..•••• Jigs (concentrators) • • • • • Reservoir boundary ••••••• Temperature logs •••••••• Sluices (concentrators) • • . • Reservoir quality Velocity logging •••••••• Tables (concentrators) Reservoir data • • • • • • Well log interpretation •••••••• Teetered bed separators . • • Reservoir simulation •••••• Well logs • • • • • • • Heavy media separation ••• Well tests Caliper logs • • . • . • • • Heavy media • • • • Downhole surveys Composite logs ••••••••• Bromoform • • • • Isochronal tests Digital logs • • • • • • • • • Magnetic fluids • • • • Liquids evaluation tests Dipmeter logs • • • • • • • • • Methylene iodide •••• Logging Directional well logs • • • • • • • • Heavy media separators • • • • • Core logging Electrical well logs • • • • • • • • • Heavy media cyclones ...... Core logs • • • • • . • • Conductivity logs ••••••• Jigging • • • • • Geological logging .••••••• Induction logs

246 e e Hierarchical Listing e • • • • • . • • Resistivity logs Graders • • Side dumpers •••••••• SP logs Power shovels •• Tipplers • • • • . . . Gamma gamma logs Road headers • Metal detectors • • • • • . • Radioactivity logs Scrapers • Microscopes e • • • • • • • • Nuclear magnetism logs Shovels Binocular microscopes ..••••• Temperature logs VVheelexcavators • • Mechanical stage • • . . . • • Velocity logs • • • Bucket wheel excavators • • Nicol prism • • • • • • VVire line logging Geophysical equipment • • Polarizing microscopes e • • • • • • . VVire line logs Headframes • Mineral processing equipment •.•• Pump tests Hoists •• Furnaces • • • • • Aquifer tests Instruments Coke ovens . . • • • VVell discharge tests . . Accelerometers Electrical furnaces e •••• Velocity surveys •• Altimeters Gas furnaces • • Reservoir management • • • Hypsometer Hearths ••• Proration Calibration Induction furnaces e • • • Unitization Dipmeter Metallurgical furnaces • Production engineering Dosimeters • • • • Blast furnaces . . Offshore structures Electron microprobes ••.•. Raceway • • • Drilling platforms Field instruments • • • • Converters e . • • • Semisubmersible platforms • • • Clinometers Basic converters • • • Offshore anchors Fluviograph Bessemer converters • • • Production platforms Frequency meters Copper converters • Railway engineering Galvanometers Lead converters e • Systems engineering Gravimeters Nickel converters • . Systems analysis • • • Gravity gradiometers Oxygen blown converters • • Meteorological instruments Steel converters Equipment Anemometers Tuyeres e • Autoclaves Barometers • • • • Heat treating furnaces • Boilers Evaporimeters • • • • Openhearth furnaces • . Steam boilers Lysimeters • • • • Retort furnaces • Burners Rain gauges •••• Roasters e • Calculators pH meters • • • • Sintering furnaces •. Slide rules • • Pycnometers • • • Muffle furnaces • Centrifuges • • Radiation measuring instruments • • • Reverberatory furnaces •. Impellers • • • Beryllium detectors • • lnline pressure jig e • Cherry pickers • • • Dosimeters •• Liners • Comminution equipment • • • Radiation counters • • . Metal liners •. Crushers • • • • Gamma counters • • • Rubber liners Cone crushers • • • • Geiger counters • • Mineral separators e Gyratory crushers • • • • Nuclear emulsion counters Dialyzers Impact crushers . • • • Scintillometers Electrostatic separators Jaw crushers • • Surveying instruments Flotation equipment Mobile crushers • • • Distance measuring equipment Gravity separators e Roll crushers •••• Odometers • • • • Centrifugal separators Stamp batteries •••• Tellurometers • • • • • Cyclone separators • • Grinding mills Levelling instruments • • • • • • Hydrocyclones Ball mills Magnetic compasses • • • • • Spiral separators e Hammer mills Optical square • . • • Heavy media separators Pebble mills Plane tables • • • • • Heavy media cyclones Rod mills Range finders ..•• Jigs (concentrators) Tube mills Stadia • • • • Sluices (concentrators) e Vibrating mills Tacheometers •••• Tables (concentrators) •• Tower mills Theodolites • • • • Teetered bed separators • Compressors • • Vacuum gauges • • • Magnetic separators • . Air compressors Jacks Mining equipment e • • Compressor stations • Marine survey equipment • MobHe plant • • Gas compressors • Materials handling equipment • Optical equipment • • Superchargers Bottom dumpers Goniometers Cranes .• Chutes • • Polariscope e • Diesel powered equipment •• Conveyors • • Universal stage • Earth moving equipment • • • Belt conveyors • Oxygen probe Bulldozers • . • • Cable belt conveyors • Photographic equipment e •. Front end loaders • • • • High angle conveyors •• Cameras •• Scoops Chain conveyors • • • Borehole cameras • Equipment evaluation Hydraulic conveyors • • • • Borehole television cameras • Excavation equipment Oscillating conveyors • • • Cartographic cameras e Backhoes Pneumatic conveyors • . • Stereoscopic cameras Coal cutters Screw conveyors • • • Underwater cameras Cutter loaders Feeders • • Infrared filters e Drag lines •• Loaders • Plant maintenance e 247 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

• • Care and maintenance •• Gold loans • • • Prospecting • Plant operations . Investment • • • Prospects and leads • Pyrometallurgical equipment • • Foreign investment ••• Surveys •• Kettles •. Investors • . . • Aboriginal site surveys Refrigerating machinery • • Superannuation • • • • Aerial surveys • Respirators Leveraged leasing • • . . • Aerial geophysical surveys • Sampling equipment • Option pricing • • • • • • Aerial EM surveys • • Shale shaker • Stocks and shares • • • • • • • Aerial EM methods • Seismometers • • Stock exchanges • • • . . • • Dighem surveys • Sonar equipment • • • • • • Aerial gravity surveys • • Depth finders Geology • • • • • • Aerial magnetic surveys • . Echo sounder Agricultural geology • • • • • • Aerial radioactivity surveys Strain gauges . Coal geology ••.•• Flight line • Vibrators (machinery) • Correlation • • • • Biological surveys . X ray apparatus • • Stratigraphic correlation . • • • Borehole surveys Biostratigraphic correlation • • • • • Borehole imaging Excavation • • • Lithologic correlation • • • • Downhole surveys • Cuttings (excavation) . • . Sequence stratigraphy • • • • Geological surveys • Dredging • • . Subsurface correlation • • • • • Photogeology •• Dredges • Economic geology • • • • • • Photogeological maps • • Gold dredging Convection • • • • Geophysical surveys • Earth moving •• Depletion ••••• Aerial geophysical surveys • • Earth moving equipment • • Development • • • • • • Aerial EM surveys Bulldozers • • • Offshore operations ••••••• Aerial EM methods .•• Front end loaders • • Exploration • • • • • • • Dighem surveys ••• Scoops Coal exploration • • • • • • Aerial gravity surveys • Excavation equipment Copper exploration • • • • • • Aerial magnetic surveys •• Backhoes • • • Diamond exploration • • • • • • Aerial radioactivity surveys Coal cutters • • • Exploration costs • • • • • Base line data Cutter loaders • • • Exploration history • • • • • Electrical surveys Draglines • • • • Gold rushes • • • • • • Direct current surveys Graders Exploration licences Direct current methods Power shovels Exploration management • • • • • • • Direct current survey Road headers Exploration philosophy equipment Scrapers Exploration potential • • • • • • Electrical survey equipment Shovels • • • • Petroleum potential Direct current survey • • Wheel excavators ••• Fossicking equipment • • • Bucket wheel excavators • • • Hydrocarbon exploration EM survey equipment • Rock excavation • • • • Gas exploration • • • • • • • • Electromagnetometers • • Rock cutting • • • • Petroleum exploration Impedance survey • Trenching Bottom hole core equipment . Tunnelling • • • • • Marine petroleum exploration IP survey equipment • • Austrian tunnelling method • • • • • Petroleum discovery Resistivity survey equipment • • Tunnelling machines ••••• Plays SP survey equipment • • • Tunnelling shields • • • Interpretation Telluric current survey •• Tunnels • • • • Geological interpretation equipment Railway tunnels •••. Reinterpretation • • • • • • Electrical survey methods Tunnel blast • • • Mine exploration • • • • • • • Direct current methods Tunnel linings • • • Mineral exploration ••••••• EM methods Water tunnels • • • • Base metal exploration • • • • • • • • Aerial EM methods . • Underwater tunnelling • • • • Geochemical exploration • • • • • • • • Ground EM methods • • • • • Aerial geochemical exploration • • • • • • • • • Sirotem methods Financing • • • • • Base line data • • • • • • . • • Turam EM survey • Accounting • • • • • Biogeochemical exploration methods •. Cash flow • • • • • • Geobotanical exploration • • • • • • • • ULF EM methods • • • Discounted cash flow • • • • • • • Indicator plants Impedance methods • • Insolvency • • . • • Geochemical dispersions IP methods •• Revenue • • • • • • Geochemical anomalies Mise a Ia masse methods • Capital • • . • • • • Geochemical background Resistivity methods • Commerce . • • • • • • Geochemical threshold SP methods • • Trade balance • • • • • • Indicator beds Telluric current methods • • • Gregory thesis Indicator elements . • • . . • Electrode array •• Trade practices • • • • • Mercury halo technique • • • • • • • Gradient array . Derivatives • • . • • Sniffer surveys • • • • . • • Schlumberger array • Financial analysis • • • • Gold exploration ••••••• Wennerarray Charitable trusts • • • • Marine mineral exploration •••••• EM surveys • • Cost benefit analysis • • . • Mineral discovery • • • • • • • Aerial EM surveys • • Discounted cash flow • • • • Oil shale exploration • • • • • • • • Aerial EM methods Forward selling • • • • Uranium exploration • • • • • • • • Dighem surveys • Hedging • • • Mineral valuation ••••••• EM maps

~~248 Hierarchical Listing~~

•.••••• EM methods .••.•• IP anomalies • • • • • • • Directed line source • . . • • • • • Aerial EM methods • • • • • • Magnetic anomalies ••••••. Rammers • . • • • • • • Ground EM methods • • . • • • • Lateral shift ••••••• Shothole . . • . • • • . • Sirotem methods • • • • • • • Magnetic disturbances • • • • • • • • Shothole drill ..••••.•• Turam EM survey Radiometric anomalies • • • • • . . Sparker sound source methods • • . • • • Radon anomalies ••••••• Vibroseis . . • • • • • . ULF EM methods • • • • • • SP anomalies • • • • • • • Weight dropping • • • • . • • EM profiles • • • • . Geothermal surveys . • • . • • Seismic line • • • • • . • EM survey equipment • • • • • • Geothermal anomalies • • • • . • Seismic reflection surveys . . • • • • . • Electromagnetometers . • • • • • Geothermal survey methods • • • • • . • Seismic reflection methods • • . • • • • Ground EM surveys • • • • • Gravity surveys .••••••• AVO methods • • • . . • • • EM sounding Aerial gravity surveys • • • . . • • Synthetic seismograms • • • • • • • • Fixed loop EM surveys • • • • • . Density profile • • • • • • Seismic refraction surveys • • • • • • • • Ground EM methods • • • . . • Gravity anomalies . . • . • • • Refraction (seismic) . . • • • • • • • Sirotem methods • • • • • • • Free air anomaly • • • • • • • Seismic refraction methods ..••••.•• Turam EM survey • • • • • • • • Free air anomaly maps • • • • • • Seismic shooting methods • • • • • • • Lateral shift • • • • • • . Correlation shooting • • • • • . • • Pulse EM surveys . . • • • • Gravity corrections ••••••• Shot datum • . • • • • • . Sirotem surveys Drift correction Seismic spread • • • • • • • • • Sirotem methods Free air correction • • • • • • Seismic survey equipment • • • • • • • • Slingram EM surveys Isostatic correction • • • • • • Seismic survey methods . • • • • • • . Turam EM surveys Latitude correction Deep seismic methods • • • • • • • • UTEM surveys Topographic correction In seam seismic methods • • • • • • • • VLF EM surveys . • • • • • Gravity network Marine seismic methods • • • • • . • Magnetotelluric surveys • • • • • • • Gravity stations Seismic reflection methods • • . • • • • • Afmag surveys • • • • • • Gravity survey equipment •••••••• AVO methods • • • . • • • Transient EM surveys • • • • • • • Gravimeters • • • • • • • Seismic refraction methods • • • • • • • • Pulse EM surveys • . • • • • • . Gravity gradiometers Seismic traverses • • • • • • • • Sirotem surveys • • • • • • Gravity survey methods Three dimensional seismic . • • • • • • • • Sirotem methods • • • • • • Gravity values surveys • • • • • • • . UTEM surveys • • • • . • Marine gravity surveys Two dimensional seismic • • • • • • Frequency domain • • • • • Magnetic surveys surveys • • • • • • Impedance surveys Aerial magnetic surveys Well velocity surveys Impedance methods • • • • . • Ground magnetic surveys • • • • • • • Shothole velocity surveys • • • . • • • Impedance survey • • • • • • Magnetic anomalies . . • • Ground radar surveys equipment • • . • • • • Lateral shift • • • • Ground water surveys •••••• IP surveys • • • • • • • Magnetic disturbances • • • • • Salinity surveys Electrical IP surveys • • • • • • Magnetic data • • • • • Water divining IP maps • • • • • • Magnetic survey equipment • • • . • Well location surveys IP methods • • • • • • • Magnetometers • • . • Hydrographic surveys IP survey equipment • • • • • . • • Magnetic gradiometers • • • • • Tide gauges Magnetic IP surveys • • • • • • • • Nuclear resonance • • • • Laser surveys • . . • • • Mise a Ia masse surveys magnetometers • • . . Marine surveys • • • • • • • Mise a Ia masse methods • • • • • • • • Proton precession Marine gravity surveys • • • • • • Resistivity surveys magnetometers • • • • • Marine magnetic surveys Resistivity curves • • • • • • • • Torsion magnetometers • • • • • Marine seismic surveys Resistivity methods • • • • • • • • Vapour magnetometers • • • • • • Marine seismic methods Resistivity profiles • • • • . • • • Vibration magnetometers • • • • • Marine survey equipment Resistivity profiling • • • • . • Magnetic survey methods • • • • • Oceanographic surveys Resistivity sounding • • • • • • Magnetometer array • • • • • • Oceanographic charts Resistivity survey • • • • • • Marine magnetic surveys • • • • • Underwater equipment equipment • • • • • Radioactivity surveys • • • • • • Submersible vehicles • • • • • • • Schlumberger array • • • • • • Aerial radioactivity surveys • • • • • Underwater photography •••••• SP surveys • • • • • • Ground radioactivity surveys • • • • Orientation surveys ••••••• SP curve • • • • • • Radioactivity survey methods •••• Profiling .•••••• SP methods • • • • • • . Track etch survey methods • • • • Regional surveys . • • • • • • SP survey equipment • • • • • • Radiometric anomalies •••• Topographic surveys •••••• Telluric current surveys • • • • • • Track etch surveys ••••• Topographic maps Telluric current ••.•••• Track etch survey methods ..•••• Topographic contours Telluric current methods • • • • • Seismic surveys •••• Velocity surveys • • • • • • • Telluric current survey • • • • • • Deep seismic surveys • • • • Well location surveys equipment • • • • • • • Deep seismic methods • • Mineral deposits • • • • • • Time domain • • • • • • In seam seismic surveys Broken Hill type deposits • • • • • Geophysical anomalies • • . • • • • In seam seismic methods Concealed deposits EM anomalies • • • • . • Marine seismic surveys • . . Cyprus type deposits • • • • • • Geothermal anomalies • • • • • • • Marine seismic methods • • • Diamond deposits • • • • • • Gravity anomalies • • • • • • Reflection (seismic) • • • • Diamond placer deposits • • • • • . • Free air anomaly • • • • • • Seismic energy source Disseminated deposits • • • • • • • • Free air anomaly maps • • • • • • • Air gun sound source Epigenetic deposits • • • • • • • Lateral shift ••••••. Aquapulse • • • Hydrothermal deposits

~~249 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

• • • • Epithermal deposits . • . • Ilmenite sands • • • • Kupferschiefer type deposit • • • • Hypothennal deposits • • • • Mineral sand mining • • • Submarine mineral deposits • • • • Mesothermal deposits • • • • Monazite sands . • • • Manganese nodules • • • Hypogene deposits • • . • Rutile sands • • • • Phosphate nodules . • • Magmatic deposits • • . • Zircon sands . . • Sulphide deposits • • • • Emplacement mechanism Mineral zoning •••• Gossans • • • • Igneous intrusions ••• Mississippi Valley type deposits • • • • • Gossan sampling Batholiths • • . Non metalliferous deposits . • • • Massive sulphide deposits Boss • • . • Barite deposits • • • • Sulphide ores • • • • • Composite intrusions • • • • Evaporite deposits Sulphide zone ••.•. Dykes Borate deposits Supergene deposits ••.••• Dyke swann • • • • • Gypsum deposits Syngenetic deposits Laccoliths • • • • • Nitrate deposits Volcanic hosted deposits Layered intrusions • • • • • • Potassium nitrate deposits Volcanogenic deposits Lopoliths Potash deposits • • • • Kuroko deposits Pipes • • • • • Rock salt deposits • • • Zoning (mineral deposits) • • • • • • Breccia pipes • • • • • Salt deposits • • Mining geology • • • • • • Kimberlite pipes • • • • • Soda ash deposits . • Petroleum geology Plutons • • • • Graphite deposits • • • Fonnation evaluation Ring complex • • • • Talc deposits • • • Petroleum genesis ••••• Ring dykes ••• Orebodies • • • • Source beds ••••• Sills •••• Host rock • • • • • Source rock quality ••••• Stocks •••• Lodes • • • Petroleum migration • • • Metalliferous deposits ••.•• Ore shoots • • • • Inspissation • • • • Aluminium deposits • • • • • Saddle reefs •••• Traps (petroleum) • • • • Antimony deposits ••••• Vein deposits Fault traps • • • • Arsenic deposits •••• Veins • • • • • Penneability trap • • • • Base metal deposits • • • • • Quartz veins • • • • • Stratigraphic trap . • • . • Copper deposits •.•• Wall rock • • • • • Structural trap • • • • • • Porphyry copper deposits • • • • • WaD rock alteration • Engineering geology • • • • • • Red bed copper deposits • • • • • • Replacement dyke •• Geomechanics • • • • • Lead deposits ••• Ores • • • Friction (geomechanics) • • • • • Nickel deposits • • . • Carbonaceous ores • • • Ground control • • • • • • Lateritic nickel deposits • • • • Complex ores • • • • Cable bolting • • • • • Sulphide deposits • • • • Fine grained ores • • • • Ground freezing •••••• Gossans •••• Float ore •••• Grouting • • • • • • • Gossan sampling • • • • Metal abundance • • • • • Chemical grouts • • • • • • Massive sulphide deposits •••• Metal ratio • • • • Rock bolting • • . • • • Sulphide ores •••• Ore grade •••• Shotcrete • • • • • Zinc deposits Cutoff grade • • • Rock mechanics • • • • Chromium deposits • • • • • High grade ores • • • • Floor heave • • • • Cobalt deposits • • • • • Low grade ores • • • • Rock outbursts Iron deposits • • • • • Ore grade contour maps • • • • Rock pressure • • • • Lithium deposits • • • • Oxidized ores • • • • • Microseisms • • • • Manganese deposits • • • • Pisolitic ores ••••• Rock bursts • • • • • Manganese nodules • • • • Refractory ores • • • • Rock properties • • • • Mercury deposits • • • • • Refractory gold ores ..... Fissility • • • • Molybdenum • • • • Sedimentary ores • • • • . Rippability Molybdenum deposits Oxidized zone •••. Rock tests • . • • • Molybdenum isotopes • • • Pegmatitic deposits • • • • Slope stability • • • • • Molybdenum minerals • • • Phosphate deposits • • • • • Angle of repose • • • • • • Molybdenite .... Guano • • • • • Slope design ••••••• Ferrimolybdite • • • • Pebble phosphate • • • Soil mechanics • • • • Molybdenum deposits • • • Placer deposits • • • • Bearing capacity • • • • Precious metal deposits • • • • Gem placer deposits • • • • Preconsolidation pressure • • • • • Gold deposits • • • • • Diamond placer deposits • • • • Slope stability Carlin type deposits • • • • Gold placer deposits • • • • • Angle of repose • • • • • • Gold placer deposits • • • • Marine placer deposits • • • • • Slope design • • • • • • Lateritic gold deposits • • • • Tin placer deposits Soil liquefaction • • • • • • Thennal aureole gold Pneumatolytic deposits • • • • Soil pressure • • • • • Platinum deposits • • • Polymetallic deposits . • • • Soil stabilization • • • • • Silver deposits • • • Porphyry mineral deposits • • • • • Roll compacting • • • • Tin deposits • • • • Porphyry copper deposits • • • • • Soil cements • • • • • Tin placer deposits Replacement deposits • • • • • Soil compaction • • • • Tungsten deposits Residual deposits • • Military applications • • • • Uranium deposits Sediment hosted deposits • • • Nuclear weapons •••• Vanadium deposits Shallow depth • • Site investigations Metamorphic deposits Stockwork • • • Dam site investigations Mineral occurrence Stratabound deposits • • • Foundation investigations Mineral sands Stratiform deposits .• Stability

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~~e Hierarchical Listing~~

e . . Terrain classification • • • Water erosion • • • Metamorphic assemblage • Extraterrestrial geology • • . Wind erosion . • • Metamorphic fluid •• Asteroids •••• Aeolian • . • • Saline fluids •• Comets Dreikanter • • • Metamorphic grade e . • Lunar geology •••• Gibber • • • • High rank metamorphism Lunar craters . . • • Lag deposits . . . • Low rank metamorphism Lunar crust • • Glaciation Migmatization Lunar dust • . • Glacial action • • • Polymetamorphism e Lunar rock • . • • Glacial erratic • • • Regional metamorphism Lunar structure • . • Glacial cycle • • • • Metamorphic complex .. Meteorites • . • • Milankovitch theory Retrograde metamorphism Chondrules • . • Glacial drainage Saussuritization e Iron meteorites • . • Glacial erosion Scapolitization Meteorite craters • • • Glacial features Spilitization Siderolite •••• Arete Syntaxis Stony iron meteorites •••• Banding Thermal metamorphism e Stony meteorites • • • • Bergschrund Uralitization Tektites . • • • Chattermark Zeolitization ..•• Australites •••• Cirque • • Metasomatism • • • • Darwin glass ••.• Crevasses Contact metasomatism e • Field geology • • • Deuteric alteration Drumlin • • Field excursions Faceted boulders • • • Hydrothermal metasomatism • • . Trail guides Faceted pebbles •••• Epidotization e • • Specimen collecting Fjords • • • . Hydrothermal alteration • General geology Fluting • • • • • Mass transfer . Geological environment • . • • Glacial pavements •••• Kaolinization Palaeoenvironment • . • • Glacial polish • • • • Propylitization e • • Reducing environment . . • • Glacial pressure ridges Jasperization • • Sedimentary environments • • • • Glacial striation • • • Pneumatolysis • • • Deltaic environment • • • • Hanging glaciers • • • Regional metasomatism . . • • Deltaic sediments • • • • Hanging valleys . • . Serpentinization e • • • Marine environment •••. Moraines •• Recrystallization (mineralogy) • • • • Littoral environment Ground moraines • • Sedimentation •.•• Sea weed Lateral moraines Biogenic sedimentation • • • Non marine environment Longitudinal moraines Burial e • • • • Aeolian environment Medial moraines Chemical sedimentation • • • • Fluvial environment Terminal moraines Deposition • • • • Lacustrine environment •••• Neve Burial •••• Terrestrial environment •••• Nunatak • • • • Contourites e • • • Paralic environment Perched block • • • • Encrustations •••• Sabkhas • • • • Pressure ridge • • • • Settling velocity • Geological models • . • • Roche moutonnee • • • Diagenesis • Geological processes .••• Sole marks •••• Cementation (diagenesis) e • • Alteration (geology) • • • • Striated pebbles • • • • Compaction (geology) • • • Hydrothermal alteration • . • Glacial period • • • • Concretion • • • • Mass transfer • . • Glacial sediments ••••• Pearl • • • Supergene alteration • • • • Boulder clay • • • • Depth of burial e • • Delithification • • • • Fluvioglacial sediments • • • • • Burial history curve •• Erosion •••• Glacial till •••• Dilatancy • • • Coastal erosion •••• Rock flour . • • • Induration • • • • Beach erosion •••• Tillite • • • • Lithification e • • • Contemporaneous erosion ••• Glaciers •••• Maturation • • • Cycle of erosion • . • • Glacier flow Conodont colour alteration • • • • Denudation . . • • Glacier ice index •.••• Base level ••• Landice Thermal maturity e Differential erosion ••• Sea ice • • • • Organic diagenesis Dissection . • Metamorphism • • . • • Vitrinite reflectance Dust storms Anatexis • . • • Overconsolidation Erosion control • • • Cataclastic metamorphism • • • • Retrograde diagenesis e Exhumation • • • Chloritization Marine regression Glacial erosion • • • Contact metamorphism Marine transgression Headward erosion • • • • Chilled margin Provenance e Marine erosion Dolomitization Rhythmites Peneplanation Dynamic metamorphism Sediment transport River erosion Feldspathization •••• Rafting Scouring Granitization • • • • • Ice rafting e Soil erosion • • • • Mafic front •••• Saltation • • • • Beach erosion Impact metamorphism • • • • Suspended sediments •••. Piping (erosion) Load metamorphism ••••• River load e • • • • Sheet erosion Marmorization .•.•.. Bed load e 251 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

• • • • • • Dissolved load ••••••• Halloysite Fluviomarine sediments Sedimentary cycle . • • • • • • Hydromuscovite Glacial marine sediments • • • Sedimentary differentiation ••.•••• Illite Littoral sediments • • • Sedimentary history .•.•••• Kaolin Oozes • • • Sedimentary structures .••••••• Kaolinite Regressive sediments • • • • Algal structures . . . • • • • • • Septechlorite Sea floor sediments •.•.. Algal mats •••••••••• Amesite Spherules • • • • • Cryptozoon • • • • • • • • • • Berthierine Terrigenous sediments • . • • • Stromatolites • • • • • • • • • • Cronstedtite Transgressive sediments •••••• Collenia • • . • • • • Montmorillonite •••• Melange •••• Avalanche bedding ••.••••• Saponite • • • • Organic sediments • • . • Bedding planes • • • • • • • Palygorskite Phosphatic sediments •••• Cast (sedimentary) •.••••• Sepiolite • • • • Reef sediments . . . • Concordant bedding ••••••• Vermiculite • • • • Residual sediments • . • • Cone in cone structure Clay pits • • • • • Lag sediments • • . . Contemporaneous deformation Coating clay •••• Silts • • • • Convolute bedding Filler clay • . • • Surficial sediments Current bedding Flint clay ••••• Regolith Cut and fill structures Moulding clay •••• Terrestrial sediments Depositional dip Paper clay ••••• Freshwater sediments Discordant bedding Pelleting clay • • • • • • Fluvial sediments Geode Pipe clay • • • • • • • Alluvial fans • • • • • Thunder eggs Plastic clay • • • • • • Fluvioglacial sediments • • • • Graded bedding Pottery clay • • • • • • Lacustrine sediments • • • • Hieroglyph Refractory clays • • • • . Glacial sediments • • • • Intrusive sedimentary structures Underclay Boulder clay • • • • • Sandstone dykes White clay Fluvioglacial sediments •••• Lens • • • • • Diamictite Glacial till •••• Mud cracks ••••• Gravel Rock flour • • • • Olistostrome • • • • • • Gravel pits Tillite Pi so lith ••••• Sands ••••• Redbeds •••• Rain prints Aeolian sands • • • • Unconsolidated sediments • • • • Ripple marks Beach sands •••• Varves • • • • Shrinkage cracks Building sands • • • • Volcanogenic sediments •••• Slumping calcareous sands • • • Stratification • • • • • Slump bedding Channel sands • • Uniformitarianism • • • • • Slump block Foundry sands •• Volcanism • • • . • Slump structure • • • • • • • Green strength Diatremes •••• Stratum Gamet sands • • • Volcanic activity •••• Stylolite Gas sand ••• Volcanoes •.•• Tepee Glass sands •••• caldera ••• Sediments Glauconitic sands • • • • Dormant volcanoes • • • • Aeolian sediments Mineral sands •••• Ejecta . • • • • Aeolian sands Ilmenite sands • • • • • Impact ejecta ••••• Aeolianite Mineral sand mining • • • • • Volcanic ejecta •••• Alluvium Monazite sands • • • • • • Volcanic ash • • • . Anaerobic sediments Rutile sands ••••••• Ash flows • • • • Blanket sands Zircon sands • • • • • • Volcanic bombs • • • • Calcareous sediments •••••• Oil sands Extinct volcanoes Maris • • • • • • • Bituminous sands Fissure eruption ••••• Marls River sands Fissure vents ••••• Micrite Silica sands Lavas • • • • Carbonaceous sediments Silty sands ••••• Lava flows • • • • • Carbonaceous shale Singing sands ••••• Pillow lavas ••••• Kerogen • • . • • Siliciclastic sediments • • • • • • Pillow structure • • • • Carbonate sediments • . • • Detrital sediments • • • • Mud volcanoes • • • • Clastic sediments ••••• Detritus • • • • Stratovolcanoes .•••• Clays .•..•• Boulders • • • • Submarine volcanoes Ball clay •••••• Gravel • • • • Volcanic cones Bleaching clay • . • • • • • Gravel pits • • • • • Cinder cones Boulder clay •••••• Pebbles •••• Volcanic craters Brick clay • • • • • • • Dreikanter • • • • Volcanic ejecta Ceramic clay ••••••• Gibber • • • • • Volcanic ash Clay deposits • • • • Ferruginous sediments •••••• Ash flows Clay minerals • • • • Geothermal sediments • • • • • Volcanic bombs ••••.•• Bentonite • • • • . Siliceous sinter • • • • Volcanic eruption Chlorite • • • • • Travertine • • • • • Volcanic gases Dickite • • • • Marine sediments • • • • Volcanic explosion Gibbsite Beach rock • • • • Volcanic plugs Glauconite • • . • • Deep sea sediments • • • • Volcanic prediction

252 e e Hierarchical Listing e •..• Volcanic vents •••• Rock flour ••..•• Jurassic •.••• Fumarole .••• Tillite •••••• Triassic • • • Volcanology ..• Glaciers • • • • • Palaeozoic •••• Volcanic zones . • • • Glacier flow Cambrian e . • Weathering • • • • Glacier ice Carboniferous • • . Case hardening (geological) ••• Land ice Devonian • • • Chemical weathering ••• Sea ice Ordovician • • • • Lateritization . Historical geology Permian e •••• Saprolite Chemostratigraphy Silurian .•.• Tafoni •• Episodes • . • . Precambrian . • • Decomposition • • Geochronology .•••. Archaean . . • Desert polish • • • Age determination methods • . • . . Proterozoic e • • • • Desert varnish Cathodoluminescence dating ••• Series • • • Mechanical weathering Chlorine dating ••• Stage •••• Abrasion (geological) Dendrochronology • • Stratigraphy • • • • Exfoliation ESRdating • • • Biostratigraphy e . • • • Frost action • • • • Fluorine dating • • • • Biostratigraphic correlation • • • • . Frost heave •••• lsochron • • • • Biostratigraphic unit •••••. Pingos • • • • Palaeomagnetic dating • • • • Biostratigraphic zone •••• Scree • • • • Racemization dating Faunal break e Faunal evolution • • • • • Scree slope • • • • Radiometric dating Organic weathering Argon argon dating Faunal extinctions Spheroidal weathering Carbon dating Faunal stage e Weathering profile Fission track dating Faunal succession Weathering tests Helium dating •••• Faunal zone Zone of weathering Ionium thorium dating • • • • Floral stage • Glacial geology Lead isotope dating • • • • Floral succession e • • Glaciation Lutetium hafnium dating • • . • Floral zone • • . Glacial action Neodymium samarium dating • • • Chemostratigraphy • . • • Glacial erratic Neodymium strontium dating • • • Chronostratigraphy . • • Glacial cycle Pleochroic halo dating •..• Aptian e • • • • Milankovitch theory Potassium argon dating ••.• Callovian • . • Glacial drainage Potassium calcium dating . . . . Caradocian • • • Glacial erosion Rhenium osmium dating Magnetostratigraphy • • • Glacial features Rubidium strontium dating Marker beds e •••• Arete Strontium dating Rock stratigraphic unit •••• Banding Thorium dating Rock stratigraphic zone • • . • Bergschrund Tritium dating Seismic stratigraphy • • • • Chattermark Uranium thorium lead dating Soil stratigraphy e •••• Cirque • • • • Thermoluminescence dating •••• A horizon .•.• Crevasses • • • Geological age • • • • Soil stratigraphic unit Drumlin • . • • Absolute age • • • Stratigraphic boundary Faceted boulders ••••• Hybrid age • • • Stratigraphic correlation e Faceted pebbles • • • • • Overprinted age • . • . Biostratigraphic correlation Fjords • • • • Relative age • • • • Lithologic correlation Fluting • • • Isotope ratio • • • • Sequence stratigraphy Glacial pavements • • • Thermochronology •..• Subsurface correlation e Glacial polish • • Geological time Stratigraphic drilling Glacial pressure ridges ••• Eon Stratigraphic horizon Glacial striation ••• Era Stratigraphic mapping Hanging glaciers •••• Epoch Stratigraphic maps e Hanging valleys •••• Period • • • . lsochore maps Moraines ••••• Epoch • • • • Isopach maps Ground moraines • . • Geological time scale • • • • • Basement depth maps Lateral moraines . • • • Geomagnetic polarity time scale • • • • Residual maps e Longitudinal moraines • • • • Phanerozoic • • • Stratigraphic nomendature Medial moraines •.••• Cainozoic • • • • Stratigraphic code Terminal moraines •••••• Quaternary • • • • Stratigraphic definition Neve ••••••• Holocene • • • Stratigraphic succession e •••• Nunatak • • • • • • • Pleistocene • • • • Stratigraphic section • • • • Perched block •••••• Tertiary •••• Unconformity • • • • Pressure ridge ••••••• Neogene Diastem e • • • • Roche moutonnee •••••••• Miocene ••.•• Hiatus •••• Sole marks •.•••••• Pliocene • • • • • Regional unconformity • • • • Striated pebbles ••••••. Paleogene • • • Stratigraphic unit ••• Glacial period •••••••• Eocene •••• Type section e • • • Glacial sediments •••••••. Oligocene ••• Transitional series . • • • Boulder clay •••.•••• Paleocene . • • • Passage bed • • • • Fluvioglacial sediments ••••• Mesozoic History of geology e •.•• Glacial till • • • • • • Cretaceous • Marine geology e 253 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

. Mathematical geology .•.• Actinolite •••.•• Adularia • • Geostatistics •••• Asbestos •••... Albite ••• Kriging ••.•• Actinolite • • . . • • • Peristerite •.• Variograms • • . • • Crocidolite Anorthoclase • Mineralogy ••••• Serpentine Microcline . . Bulk mineralogy •••••• Chrysotile Orthoclase • • Chemography ...••• Greenalite Sanidine • • • Chemographic analysis • • • • Crocidolite Amazonite Clay mineralogy • • • • Mineral fibres Celsian • . Composition • • . • • ArtifiCial mineral fibres Moonstone •• Fractures ••••• Asbestos Myrmekite • • • Fractography Actinolite Perthite Grain morphology • • • • • • Crocidolite Plagioclase • • Inclusions •••••• Serpentine •••••• Albite • • Mineragraphy ••••••• Chrysotile • • • • • • • Peristerite • • • Polished section ••••••• Greenalite Andesine • • Mineral alteration • • • • • Crocidolite Anorthite • • • Supergene alteration • • • • Riebeckite Bytownite . . Mineral assemblage •••• Tremolite Labradorite • • Mineral genesis • • • • Wollastonite Oligoclase Authigenesis Host minerals ••.•••• Myrmekite • • • Epigenesis . • • Indicator minerals • • • • • Sodium feldspar • • • Hydration reaction • • • Industrial minerals Fillers • • • Ore genesis • • • • Andalusite Flint • • • • Lateral secretion • • • • • Chiastolite Fluorite • • • • Metallogenesis •••• Anhydrite Fullers earth • • • • • Metallogenic epoch • • • • • Anhydrite deposits •••• Graphite • • • • • Metallogenic province •••• Asbestos • • • • • Graphite deposits • • • • Ore controls ••••• Actinolite •••• Gypsum • • • • • Structural control • • • • • Crocidolite • • • • • Gypsum deposits • • • • Ore forming fluids ••••• Serpentine •••• Halite • • • • Ore mobilization •••••• Chrysotile ••••• Rock salt • • • • Secondary enrichment ••••.• Greenalite • • • • • • Rock salt deposits • • • Paragenesis •••• Ball clay • • • • Industrial mineral resources • • • • Reaction series •••. Barite • • • • • Industrial mineral reserves • • • Syngenesis • • • • • Barite deposits Kyanite Mineral identification •••• Beryl •••• Magnesite •• Mineral inclusions ••••• Aquamarine •••• Mica • • Mineral texb.Jres ••••• Emerald Biotite Eutectic texture •••• Borates Celadonite Exsolution textures • • • • • Borate deposits Glauconite Lineation • • • • • Borate minerals Lepidolite Relict texb.Jre •••••• Borax Muscovite • • Mineralization •••• Chromite Damourite Albitization • • • • Clay minerals •••••• Fuchsite • • • Amphibolization Bentonite •••••• Phengite . • . Calcification Chlorite Phlogopite • • • Symplectite Dickite Pinite •• Minerals Gibbsite Sericite • • • Accessory minerals Glauconite Zinnwaldite . . • Carbonate minerals Halloysite • • • • Mineral fibres •••• Ankerite Hydromuscovite • • • • • Artificial mineral fibres •••• Aragonite Illite ••••• Asbestos •••• Azurite Kaolin Actinolite • • • • Barytocalcite •••••• Kaolinite • • • • • • Crocidolite •.•• Calcite • • • • • • • Septechlorite ••..•• Serpentine • • • • • Low magnesium calcite •••••.•• Amesite ••••••• Chrysotile •••• Cerussite • • • • • • • • Berthierine ••••••• Greenalite • • • • Dolomite (mineral) • • • • • • • • Cronstedtite • • • • • Crocidolite •••• Magnesite • • • • • Montmorillonite Perlite •••• Malachite •••••• Saponite Pigment minerals • • • • Rhodochrosite • • • • • Palygorskite Pozzolan •••• Siderite ••••• Sepiolite Pumice • • • • Smithsonite ••••• Vermiculite Pyrophyllite • . . • Strontianite •••• Cryolite .••• Quartz •••• Witherite •••• Damourite ••••• Amethyst • • • Detrital minerals • • • • Diatomaceous earth • • • • • Quartzolite • • • • Heavy minerals •••• Dolomite (mineral) • . • • • Rock crystal Ferromagnesian minerals •••• Feldspars •••• Salt • • • Fibrous minerals • • . • • Alkali feldspars ••••• Brine salt

~~254 e~~

~~e Hierarchical Listing~~

e . . • • • Salt deposits Cuprite Rhodonite . . • • • Salt harvesting Dioptase Sturtite •••••• Salt fields Enargite Todorokite • • • • • Salt production Goldfieldite . . • • Mercury minerals e ...... Solar evaporation Malachite Cinnabar • . . • Talc Native copper • • . • • Coloradoite .•••• Talc deposits Stannite • • . • • Native mercury • . • • Wollastonite Stromeyerite • • . • Molybdenum minerals e ..•• Zircon Tennantite • • . • • Molybdenite • • • • • Zircon sands Tetrahedrite ...... Ferrimolybdite ... Isotropic minerals • • • • Gold minerals • • • • Nickel minerals ... Magnetic minerals • • • • Iron minerals • • • • • Annabergite e • • • • Ilmenite •.••• Iron ores Chloanthite Ilmenite sands Bessemer ore Gamierite • • • • • Picroilmenite ...... Goethite Gersdorffite • • • • • Pseudorutile ...... Hematite Linnaeite e • • • • Maghemite ••••••• Martite ...... Polydymite • • • • Magnetite • • • • • • • Micaceous hematite Millerite •.••• Lodestone Jaspilite Niccolite • • • . • Titanomagnetite ...... Limonite Pentlandite e • • • • Rare earth magnets ······ Magnetite Ullmannite ... Metalliferous minerals .•••••• Lodestone Violarite • • • . Aluminium minerals • • • • • . • Titanomagnetite Zaratite e ••••• Alunite ...... Pyrite • • • • Platinum minerals Jarosite ••••••• Framboid • • • • • Native platinum ...... Plumbogummite ••••••. Marcasite ••••• Sperrylite ...... Plumbojarosite ...... Pyrrhotite • • • • Rare earth minerals e • • . • • Diaspore ••••••. Troilite Bastnaesite ••••• Gibbsite •••••• Siderite Euxenite .•••• Kyanite •••••. Taconite Fergusonite • . • • Antimony minerals • • • • • Iron silicates Thorium minerals e Cervantite ..... Iron sulphides ...... Cheralite Chalcostibite ...... Pyrite ...... Monazite Native antimony ••••••• Framboid • • • • • • • Monazite sands Stibiconite ••••••. Marcasite Thorianite e Stibnite . ····· Pyrrhotite •••••. Thorite Valentinite •.••••• Troilite • • • • • • Thorogummite • . • • Arsenic minerals •••••• Troilite . • . • Silver minerals • • • • • Arsenopyrite • • • • • Stilpnomelane ••••• Argentite e Loellingite ••••• Wustite Cerargyrite Native arsenic • • • • Lead minerals Dyscrasite Niccolite ••••• Anglesite Embolite Realgar Cerussite Native silver e Scorodite Crocoite Pyrargyrite Smaltite Galena Stromeyerite Sperrylite Jamesonite • • • • Strontium minerals • • • • Bismuth minerals Minium ••••• Celestite e • • • • • Bismuthinite Native lead • • • • • Strontianite ••••• Bismutite Plumbogummite • . • • Sulphide minerals • • • • Chromium minerals Plumbojarosite ••••• Argentite ••••• Chromite Pyromorphite . • • • • Arsenopyrite e • • • • Cobalt minerals Stolzite Chalcopyrite Cobaltite ••••• Wulfenite Cinnabar ••••• Erythrite • • • • Lithium minerals Covellite •.••• Linnaeite • • • • • Amblygonite Galena e • • • • • • Polydymite .•••• Lepidolite Iron sulphides ••••• Smaltite ••••• Petalite ...... Pyrite • . • • Copper minerals ••••• Spodumene ••••••• Framboid Atacamite • • • • Magnesium minerals ••••••• Marcasite e Azurite Brucite ...... Pyrrhotite Bornite • • • • • Magnesite ••••••• Troilite Boumonite ••••• Periclase •••••• Troilite e Chalcanthite • • • • Manganese minerals • • • • • Molybdenite Chalcocite Bog manganese ...... Ferrimolybdite ...... Digenite Braunite Pentlandite Chalcopyrite Bustamite ••••• Sphalerite e Chalcosiderite Manganite ••••• Stibnite Chrysocolla Psilomelane •••• Tantalum minerals Covellite Pyrolusite ••••• Tantalite e Cubanite Rhodochrosite •••• Tellurium minerals e 255 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

• . . • • Gold tellurides •••••• Saponite • • • • • • • Orthoclase ••••• Tetradymite • • • • • Palygorskite ••••••• Sanidine • • • • Tin minerals ••••• Sepiolite Amazonite cassiterite • • • • • Vermiculite Celsian ••••• Native tin • • • • Evaporite minerals Moonstone ••••• Stannite •..•• Anhydrite Myrmekite • • • • Titanium minerals • • • • • • Anhydrite deposits Perthite ••••• Ilmenite Aragonite Plagioclase Ilmenite sands Carnallite ••••••• Albite • • • • • • Picroilmenite Glauberite • • • • • . • • Peristerite • • • • • • Pseudorutile Gypsum ••••••• Andesine Leucoxene • • • • • • Gypsum deposits ••••••. Anorthite ••••• Perovskite ••••• Halite •••••.• Bytownite ••••• Rutile •••••• Rock salt • • • • • • • Labradorite • • • • • • Rutile sands • • • • • • • Rock salt deposits ••••••• Oligoclase • • • • • • Synthetic rutile ••••• Natron •••••••• Myrmekite ••••• Sphene ••••• Trona • • • • • • Sodium feldspar • • • • Tungsten minerals • . • • Halogen minerals • • • • • Feldspathoids Scheelite Carnallite Leu cite Stolzite Cerargyrite Melilite • • • • • Tungstenite Cryolite Nepheline ....• Tungstic ochre Fluorite Petalite ••••• Wolfram Halite Scapolite ••..• Wolframite •••••• Rock salt Maria lite •••••• Hubnerite • • • • • • • Rock salt deposits ••••••• Meionite • • • • Uranium minerals • • • • Nitrate minerals ••••••• Mizzonite ••••• Autunite •••• Selenium minerals •••••• Sodalite •••••• Saleeite • • • • Silica minerals ••••• Gamet Brannerite ••••• Agate •••••• Almandine Carnotite ••••• Amethyst Andradite Davidite • • • • • Chalcedony • • • • • • Garnetization Gum mite •••••• carnelian •••••• Grossular Thorianite Chert ••••••• Hessonite Thucholite Chrysoprase Pyrope Torbernite Cristobalite • • • • • • Spessartite Uraninite Flint •••••• Uvarovite Uranophane Jasper • • • • • . Yttrium iron garnets Vanadinite Opal ••••• Olivine Zeunerite •••••• Hyalite • • • • • • lddingsite • • • • Vanadium minerals • • • • • • Jasper opal •••••• Peridot • • • • • Vanadinite •••••• Potch ••••• Pyroxene . • • • Yttrium minerals • • • • • Porcellanite •••••• Aegirine ••••• Xenotime ••••• Quartz •••••• Augite • • • • Zinc minerals •••••• Amethyst •••.••• Diallage Calamine • • • • • • Quartzolite Bronzite Franklinite •••••• Rock crystal Clinoenstatite Goslarite ••••• Stishovite Clinopyroxene Smithsonite ••••• Tridymite Diopside Sphalerite • • • • Silicate minerals • • • • • • • Chrome diopside ••••• Willemite • • • • • Amphiboles Enstatite ••.•• Zincite Actinolite Hedenbergite • • • Non metalliferous minerals Anthophyllite Hypersthene • • • • Borate minerals Arfvedsonite Jadeite ••••• Borax Cummingtonite Orthopyroxene • • • • Clay minerals Glaucophane Pigeonite Bentonite Grunerite Spodumene Chlorite Hastingsite ••••• Sapphirine Dickite Hornblende ••••• Silicates Gibbsite Nephrite • • • • • • Silicate refractories Glauconite Riebeckite • • • • Zeolite minerals Halloysite Tremolite Analcime Hydromuscovite Uralite Natrolite Illite •.••• Cordierite Phillipsite Kaolin ••••• Feldspars Prehnite •••••• Kaolinite • • • • . • Alkali feldspars Scolecite • • • • • • • Septechlorite ••••••• Adularia Stilbite •••••••• Amesite ••••••• Albite Nonsilicate minerals • • • • • • • • Berthierine • • • • • • • • Peristerite • • • Opaque minerals • • • • . . • . Cronstedtite • • • • • • . Anorthoclase • • • Ore minerals • • • • • Montmorillonite • • • • • • • Microcline • • • . Ore textures

~~256 Hierarchical Listing~~

••••• Fines • • • Primary minerals •••••••• Meionite • • • Oxide minerals • . . • Rock forming minerals ••.••••• Mizzonite •.•• Bauxite •.••• Accessory minerals ••..•.• Sodalite . • • • • Bauxite mines • . • • • Silica minerals ..•••• Gamet • • • • • Bauxitization Agate ••••••. Almandine • • • • Cassiterite •••••• Amethyst ••••••. Andradite •••• Chromite • • • • • • Chalcedony • . . • • • • Garnetization • • • • Chrysoberyl •••.••. Carnelian ••••..• Grossular . • • • • Alexandrite Chert ••••••.• Hessonite ••.• Corundum Chrysoprase •· •••••• Pyrope .•••• Ruby Cristobalite • • • • • • • Spessartite ••••. Sapphire Flint •••...• Uvarovite Cuprite Jasper • • • • • • • Yttrium iron garnets Franklinite Opal ••••.• Olivine Gahnite •..•••. Hyalite • • • • • . • lddingsite Gibbsite • • • . • • • Jasper opal ••••••. Peridot •••• Goethite •.••••• Potch •••..• Pyroxene .••• Hematite • • . . • • Porcellanite ••••••. Aegirine ••••• Martite •..••• Quartz ••••••. Augite • • . • • Micaceous hematite ••••••. Amethyst •••••••• Diallage •••• Ilmenite .•••••• Quartzolite ••••.•• Bronzite Ilmenite sands • • • • • • • Rock crystal Clinoenstatite • • • • • Picroilmenite •••••• Stishovite • • • • • • • Clinopyroxene • • • . • Pseudorutile •.•••• Tridymite ••••..• Diopside •••• Limonite • • . • • Silicate minerals • • • • • • • • Chrome diopside •••• Magnetite • • • • • • Amphiboles ••••••• Enstatite ••••• Lodestone ••••••• Actinolite Hedenbergite • • • • • Titanomagnetite . • • • • • • Anthophyllite • • • • • • • Hypersthene •••• Manganite • • • • • • • Arfvedsonite ••.•••• Jadeite Martite Cummingtonite • • . • • • • Orthopyroxene Minium Glaucophane •••..•• Pigeonite Periclase Grunerite ••••••• Spodumene Psilomelane Hastingsite ••.••• Sapphirine Pyrolusite Hornblende ••.••• Silicates •••• Rutile Nephrite • • • • • • • Silicate refractories • • . • • Rutile sands Riebeckite • • • Radioactive minerals • • • • • Synthetic rutile Tremolite • • • • Metamict minerals • • • • Silica minerals Uralite • • • • Sklodowskite ••••• Agate • • • • • • Cordierite • • • • Thorium minerals ••••• Amethyst •••••• Feldspars ••••• Cheralite • • • • • Chalcedony • • • • • • • Alkali feldspars ••••• Monazite •••••• Carnelian •••••••• Adularia • • • • • • Monazite sands Chert •••••.•• Albite Thorianite Chrysoprase ••••••••• Peristerite •...• Thorite Cristobalite •••••••• Anorthoclase • • • • • Thorogummite Flint •••••••• Microcline • • • • Uranium minerals Jasper • • • • • • • • Orthoclase .•..• Autunite Opal •••••••• Sanidine •••••. Saleeite •••••. Hyalite ••••.•• Amazonite Brannerite • • • • • • Jasper opal Celsian Carnotite •••••• Potch .•••••• Moonstone Davidite • . • • • Porcellanite ••.•••• Myrmekite Gum mite ••••• Quartz •••••.• Perthite Thorianite •••••• Amethyst • • • • • • • Plagioclase Thucholite .••••• Quartzolite ••••••.. Albite Torbemite • • • • • • Rock crystal • • • • • • • • • P eristerite ••••• Uraninite • • • • • Stishovite •••••••• Andesine • • • • • Uranophane •.••• Tridymite •••••••• Anorthite • • • • • Vanadinite •••• Spinel •••••••• Bytownite ••.•• Zeunerite Chrome spinel • • • • • • • • Labradorite • • • Secondary minerals ••••• Hercynite •••••••• Oligoclase • • • Sulphate minerals •.••• Jacobsite •••.••••• Myrmekite •••• Anglesite .•••• Maghemite • • • • • • . Sodium feldspar •••• Anhydrite •••• Tenorite •••••• Feldspathoids • • . • • Anhydrite deposits •••• Zincite Leucite •••• Barite • • • Phosphate minerals ••••••• Melilite • • • • • Barite deposits • • • • Plumbogummite ••••••• Nepheline •••• Celestite •••• Variscite ••••••• Petalite • • • • Chalcanthite •.•• Vivianite ••••••• Scapolite •••• Goslarite •••• Wavellite •••••••• Marialite •.•• Gypsum

~~257 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

• • • • • Gypsum deposits . • • Hemichordata • • • • • Marsupialia • • • • Plumbojarosite • • • • Graptolites • • • • • • Macropodoidea ••• Sulphur ••• Mollusca • • • • Monotremata • • • • Sulphur deposits •••• Bivalvia •••• Primates • • • • Sulphur dioxide • • • • • Trigoniidae • • • • • Hominoidea • • • • Sulphur isotopes • • • • Cephalopoda • • • • • • Homo sapiens • . . • Sulphur recovery • • . • • Ammonoidea ••• Pisces • • • Synthetic minerals • • • • • Nautiloidea •••• Acanthodii ••.• Synroc • • . • Gastropoda •••• Agnatha • • • • Synthetic sylvanite • • • • Monoplacophora . • • • Chondrichthyes • • Optical mineralogy • • • • Pofyplacophora • • • • Crossopterygii ••• Optic angle • • • • Scaphopoda • • • . Osteichthyes • • • Optical axis ••• Porifera • • • • Placodermi • • Ore mineralogy ••• Vermes • • • • Sarcoptergii •• Reaction rim •••• Annelida ••• Reptilia • Palaeontology • • Micropalaeontology •••• Anapsida Cladism Chitinozoa •••• Diapsida Deformed fossils Coccolith Crocodilia Floral break Conodonta ••••• Dinosaurs Floral evolution Diatoms ••••• Snakes Floral extinctions Foraminifera • Petrology Fossilization • • • • Benthonic foraminifera • • Experimental petrology Fossils • • • • Planktonic foraminifera ••• Synroc Fossil assemblage • • • Ichthyoliths . • Igneous petrology Index fossils • • • Microfossils • • • CIPW classification Macrofossils • • . • Acritarchs • • • Igneous rocks Megafossils ••• Ostracoda • • • • Acid igneous rocks Microfossils ••• Plankton ••••• Adamellite •••• Acritarchs . • • • Phytoplankton • • • • • • Adamellite porphyry • • • Pseudofossils Protista ••••• Albitite ••• Trace fossils • • • Rad"10laria •••••• Epidote •••• Coprolites • • • Scolecodonta • • • • • • • Clinozoisite •••• Foot prints • • Palaeobotany ••••••• Zoisite • • • • Problematica Bryophyta Aplite • • • • Tracks and trails Cyanophyta Chamockite ••••• Worm casts Fossil resin Felsite ••••• Worm trails Fossil wood Granite ••••• Worm tubes Pteridophyte A type granite • • Invertebrate palaeontology ...• Ferns Alaskite • • • Archaeocyatha •••• lycopsida Alkali granite • • • Arthropoda • • • Spermatophyta Binary granite •••• Arachnida • • • • Angiospermae Flaser granite •••• Crustacea •••• Gymnospermae Graphic granite ••••• Decapoda • • • • • Glossopteris Greisen • • • • • Euryphyllum • • • Thallophyta I type granite •••• Hexapoda •••• Algae luxullianite ••••• Insecta ••••• Sapropel S type granite • • • • • • Lepidoptera • • • • • • Coorongite Granitic rock • • • • Merostomata • • Palaeozoology Granodiorite • • • • Onychophora ... Prosopon Granophyre •••• Trilobita • • Stratigraphic range Keratophyre • • • Brachiopoda • • Systematic palaeontology Pegmatite • • • • Spiriferida ••• Type locality • • • • • • Graphic pegmatite ••• Bryozoa . . • Type specimen • • • • • • Syenite pegmatite • • • Coelenterata •• Taxonomy Perlite •••• Anthozoa • • • Classification Pumice ••••• Coral ••• Phylum • • • • • Rhyodacite Fossil coral • • Thalassinoides ••••• Rhyolite • • • • • • Rugose coral • • Vertebrate palaeontology • • • • • • Rhyolite porphyry •••••• Tabulate coral ••• Amphibia • • • • • Trondhjemite Cnidaria • • • • labyrinthodontia • • • • Alkali igneous rocks • • • • Ediacaran fauna ••. Aves • • • • • Alkali basalt •••• Hydrozoa ••• Mammalia •••••• Alkali olivine basalt •••• Scyphozoa •••• Cetacea • • • • • Alkali gabbro Coleoidea •••• Eutheria . . • • • Alkali granite • • • Conchostraca • • • • • Chiroptera • • • • • Potassic igneous rocks • • • Echinodermata ••••• lnsectivora •••• Apatite •••• Crinozoa • • • • Homo erectus Fluorapatite • • • • • Blastoidea •••• Metatheria Hedyphane • • • • Echinoidea • • . • • Diprotodonta Mimetite

258 e e Hierarchical Listing e • • • • Basic igneous rocks • • • • • • Leucite phonolite • . • . . Anorthosite •..•• Augitite ••••• Syenite ••.•• Kimberlite ..••• Basalt Alkali syenite • • . • • . Kimberlite pipes . • • • • • Alkali basalt Analcime syenite Komatiite e . . • • • • • Alkali olivine basalt Bostonite • • • • • Limburgite Analcime basalt Lamproite • • . • • Peridotite Analcimite Leucite syenite ••.••• Dunite Andesine basalt Nepheline syenite ••.••• Lherzolite e Flood basalt Pyroxene syenite ••.•• Picrite Leucite basalt Quartz syenite • • . • • Pyroxenite Melilite basalt Sodalite syenite • • . • • • Hornblende pyroxenite Nepheline basalt Syenite aplite ••.• Volcanic rocks e Olivine basalt Syenite porphyry Acid volcanic rocks Picrite basalt .•••• Trachyte ••••• Augitite Quartz basalt •••. Intrusive rocks ••.•• Basalt e Tholeiite ••••• Tasmanite . • . . . . Alkali basalt •.••• Chromitite • . • • Plutonic rocks • • • • • • • Alkali olivine basalt .•••• Dolerite .•.•• Gabbro Analcime basalt Analcime dolerite Alkali gabbro Analcimite e . • • • • • Quartz dolerite Flaser gabbro Andesine basalt . • • • • • Teschenite Hornblende gabbro Flood basalt •..•• Gabbro Hypersthene gabbro Leucite basalt Alkali gabbro Norite Melilite basalt e Flaser gabbro • • . • • • • Quartz norite Nepheline basalt Hornblende gabbro • • • • • • Olivine gabbro Olivine basalt Hypersthene gabbro • • • • • • Orthoclase gabbro Picrite basalt No rite • • • • • • Quartz gabbro Quartz basalt e . • • • • • • Quartz norite ••••• Granite Tholeiite • • • • • • Olivine gabbro • • • • • • A type granite Dacite • • • • • • Orthoclase gabbro Alaskite Felsite • • • • • • Quartz gabbro Alkali granite Keratophyre e Lamprophyre Binary granite Latite •.••• Leucitite Flaser granite Lavas •.••• Norite Graphic granite •••••• Lava flows • • • • • • Quartz norite Greisen . • . • . • Pillow lavas e .•••• Ophiolites I type granite • . . • . • . Pillow structure • • . • • Shoshonite Luxullianite Limburgite • . • • Calc alkaline rocks S type granite • • . • • Nephelinite • • • • Carbonatite Granitic rock ••••• Phonolite e • • • • Crystalline rocks Jacupirangite • • • • • • Leucite phonolite • • • . Igneous inclusions Monzonite ••••• Pumice ••••• Lopoliths Peridotite • • • • • Pyroclastic rocks • • • • Igneous intrusions •••••• Dunite Agglomerate e Batholiths •••••• Lherzolite Crystal tuff Boss • • • • • Pyroxenite Ignimbrite Composite intrusions • • • • • • Hornblende pyroxenite Lapilli Dykes ••••• Syenite Volcanic breccia e •.•••• Dyke swarm Alkali syenite • • • • • • • Breccia pipes Laccoliths Analcime syenite • • • • • • Volcanic ejecta Layered intrusions Bostonite • • • • • • • Volcanic ash Lopoliths Lamproite •••••••• Ash flows e Pipes Leucite syenite • • . . • • • Volcanic bombs • • • • • • Breccia pipes Nepheline syenite • • • • • • Volcanic tuff • • • • • • Kimberlite pipes Pyroxene syenite ••••••• Pozzolan Plutons Quartz syenite • • • • • Rhyodacite e Ring complex Sodalite syenite ••••• Rhyolite Ring dykes Syenite aplite • • • • • • Rhyolite porphyry Sills Syenite porphyry Shoshonite Stocks • • • • • Trondhjemite ..••. Trachyte e • • • • Intermediate igneous rocks • • • • • Volcanic glass ••••• Xenolith •.••• Andesite • . • • Porphyries •••••• Perlite •.••• Diorite Granite porphyry •••••• Tachylite e Orthoclase diorite Orthoclase porphyry ••••••• Palagonite • • • • • . Pyroxene diorite Phenocryst ••••• Xenolith • • • . • • Quartz diorite Quartz porphyry ••• Magmatism • • • • • • Quartz mica diorite Rhyolite porphyry •••• Magma e Latite Syenite porphyry •••• Magma chamber Monzonite • • • • Quartzolite • • • • Magmatic assimilation Nephelinite • . • • Silicate rocks • • • • Magmatic differentiation e Phonolite •••• Ultrabasic rocks • • • • • Hybridization e 259 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

• • • • • Magmatic segregation Crystalline schist Cave breccia . . • • Magmatic stoping Dumortierite Contact breccia • • . • Magmatic water Gamet mica schist Crush breccia •••• Melts Graphite schist Desiccation breccia • • • Variation diagrams Greenschist Diapiric breccia • • Matrix (petrology) Knotted schist Explosion breccia • • Metamorphic petrology Kyanite schist Fault breccia • • • Metamorphic facies Mica schist • • • • • • • Fault gouge • . • • Amphibolite facies • • • • • • Biotite schist Flow breccia Blueschist facies • • • • • • Muscovite schist Fold breccia Eclogite facies Pelitic schist Igneous breccia Epidote amphibolite facies Quartz schist Injection breccia Granulite facies Sillimanite schist Intraformational breccia Greenschist facies Staurolite schist Intrusion breccia Hornfels facies Talc schist Megabreccia Pyroxene hornfels facies • • • • Serpentinite Reef breccia • • • • Zeolite facies •••• Skarn Salt dome breccia • • . Metamorphic rocks •••• Slate Scree breccia • • • • Amphibolite • • . • • Roofing slate Shatter breccia • • • • • Ortho amphibolite •••• Talcose rocks Silty breccia . . • • • Para amphibolite •••• Tectonite Sinkhole breccia •••• Apatite •••• Tourmalinite Slump breccia ••••• Fluorapatite • • • Porphyroblast Volcanic breccia ••••• Hedyphane • • • Strain crystallization • • • • • • • Breccia pipes ••••• Mimetite • • Ore petrology ••••• Conglomerate •••• Banding • • Organic petrology Crush conglomerate • • • • Blastomylonite • • • Coal petrology • • • • • • Desiccation conglomerate • • • • Calc silicate rocks • • • Oil shale petrology . • • • • • lnterformational conglomerate • • • • • Calc silicate hornfels • • Petrogenesis • • • • • • Intraformational conglomerate • • • • • Calc silicate schist Petrographic province ••..• Graywacke Cataclastic rocks • • Rosiwal analysis • • • • • • Quartz graywacke Crystalline rocks • • Sedimentary petrology Grit Eclogite • • • Sedimentary facies ••••• Pebble bed Epidiorite • • • • Deltaic facies • • • • • Saildstone Epidosite Flysch Arkose Gametite Geosynclinal facies Arkosic sandstone Gneiss Molasse Calcareous sandstone Banded gneiss Paralic facies Channel sands Biotite gneiss Red bed facies Wacke Dumortierite • • • • Shelf facies ••••• Shale Gneissic structure • • • Sedimentary rocks Calcareous shale Granite gneiss • • • • Arenaceous rocks Carbonaceous shale Injection gneiss • • • • Argillaceous rocks Chloritic shale Mylonite gneiss •••• Banding Feldspathic shale Paragneiss • • • • Carbon trash Heaving shale Primary gneiss • . • • Carbonaceous rocks Mudstone •••• Granulite • • • • Carbonate rocks Oil shale •••• Greenstone • • • • • Dolomite (rock) Oil shale deposits •••• Hornfels ••••• Limestone • • • • • • • Oil shale petrology • • • • • Calc silicate hornfels Algal limestone . • • • • • • Oil shale processing •••• lmpactite Allochthonous limestone • • • . • • • • Oil shale recovery • • • • • Darwin glass Calcarenite ••••••• Torbanite Marble Calcilutite • • • • • • Sandy shale Metaquartzite Coquina • • • • • • Siliceous shale Metasediments Crystalline limestone ••••• Siltstone Migmatite Foraminiferal limestone •••• Claystone ••••• Restite Lithographic limestone •••• Coal •••• Mylonite Magnesian limestone • • • • • Allochthonous coal •••• Phyllite Oolitic limestone ••••• Anthracite •••• Phyllonite Pelagic limestone Autochthonous coal • • • • Porphyroid Pelletal limestone Banded coal •••• Quartzite Reef limestone Bituminous coal .••• Schist Siliceous limestone Bright coal • • • • • Amphibolite schist Vesuvianite Coal ash Andalusite schist •••• Chalk Coal chemistry Blueschist •••• Chert Coal combustion Calc silicate schist •••• Clastic rocks •••••• Clinker Calcareous schist ••••• Breccia • • • • • Coal constituents Chiastolite schist Beach breccia Alginite Chlorite schist • • • • • • Bone breccia •••••• Clarain

~~260 Hierarchical Listing~~

Durain •••• Facies maps ••.•••• Fault gouge Exinite . . . • Geochemical facies Flow breccia Fusain • . • • Metamorphic facies Fold breccia Huminite • . • • . Amphibolite facies Igneous breccia Inertinite Blueschist facies Injection breccia Mineral matter Eclogite facies Intraformational breccia Vitrain Epidote amphibolite facies Intrusion breccia Vitrinite Granulite facies Megabreccia • • • • • • . Vitrinite reflectance Greenschist facies Reef breccia • • • • • • Volatile matter Hornfels facies Salt dome breccia ••••• Coal dust Pyroxene hornfels facies Scree breccia . • • • • • Dust explosions Zeolite facies Shatter breccia • • • • • Coal exploration • • • • Sedimentary facies Silty breccia •.••• Coalfields Deltaic facies Sinkhole breccia . • • • • • Coal deposits Flysch Slump breccia ••••••• Coal seams Geosynclinal facies Volcanic breccia •••••••• Cleat Molasse • • • • • • • Breccia pipes • • • • • Coal genesis Paralic facies • • • • • Conglomerate Allochthonous coal Red bed facies Crush conglomerate . . • • • • Autochthonous coal Shelf facies • • • • • • Desiccation conglomerate • • • • • • Coalification Lithologic unit • • • • • • lnterformational conglomerate Coal geology • • • Macrolithology •••••• Intraformational conglomerate • • • • • Coal production . • . Microlithology ••••• Greywacke • • • • • Coal properties • • • Sand shale ratio • • • • • . Quartz greywacke • • • • • • Gas content • • Sedimentary petrology Grit • . . • • Coal quality • • • Sedimentary facies ••••• Pebble bed • • • • • • Low grade coal • • • • Deltaic facies •.••• Sandstone .•••• Coal rank •••• Flysch Arkose • • • • • • Low rank coal • • • • Geosynclinal facies • • • • • • Arkosic sandstone • • • • • Coal reserves •••• Molasse Calcareous sandstone . . • • • • Coal reserve estimation • • • • Paralic facies . • • • • • Channel sands ••••• Coal resources • • • • Red bed facies ••.••• Wacke • • • . • • Coal reserves • • • • Shelf facies ••••• Shale • . • • • • • Coal reserve estimation • • • Sedimentary rocks Calcareous shale ..••• Coke • • . • Arenaceous rocks Carbonaceous shale • • • • • • Coke making •••• Argillaceous rocks Chloritic shale •••••• Coke ovens •••• Banding Feldspathic shale Coking coal . • • • Carbon trash Heaving shale Dull coal • • • • Carbonaceous rocks Mudstone High sulphur coal • • • • Carbonate rocks Oil shale Lignite • • • • • Dolomite (rock) Oil shale deposits Noncoking coal ••••• Limestone • • • • • • • Oil shale petrology Pulverized coal Algal limestone • • • • • . • Oil shale processing Sapropelic coal Allochthonous limestone • • • • • • • • Oil shale recovery • • • • • • Cannel coal Calcarenite ••••••• Torbanite • • • • • Subbituminous coal Calcilutite • • . • • . Sandy shale • • • • • Ultraclean coal Coquina • • . • • • Siliceous shale • • • • Diatomaceous earth Crystalline limestone ••••• Siltstone •••• Ironstone Foraminiferal limestone •••• Claystone • • • • • Banded iron formation Lithographic limestone •••• Coal Pelite Magnesian limestone Allochthonous coal • • • • Phosphorite Oolitic limestone Anthracite .••• Psammite Pelagic limestone Autochthonous coal •••• Psephite Pelletal limestone Banded coal •••• Quartzite Reef limestone Bituminous coal •••• Turbidite Siliceous limestone Bright coal •• Spherulite Vesuvianite Coal ash • • Structural petrology •••• Chalk Coal chemistry . • . C axis analysis •••• Chert Coal combustion • • • Petrofabric analysis • • • • Clastic rocks •••••. Clinker • • • Preferred orientation ••••• Breccia • • • • • Coal constituents • . Ternary diagrams Beach breccia Alginite •• Thin sections Bone breccia Clara in • Regional geology Cave breccia Durain • • Geological province Contact breccia Exinite • Sedimentary geology Crush breccia Fusain •• Lithology Desiccation breccia Huminite •.• Facies Diapiric breccia Inertinite • • • • Diagenetic facies Explosion breccia Mineral matter • • • • Facies analysis Fault breccia Vitrain

~~261 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

•••••• Vitrinite index • • • • • Carbonaceous shale • • • • • • • Vitrinite reflectance Thermal maturity ••••• Kerogen • • • • • • Volatile matter • • • • Organic diagenesis • . • . Carbonate sediments ••.•• Coal dust ••••• Vitrinite reflectance • • • • Clastic sediments • • . • • • Dust explosions • • • • Overconsolidation ••••• Clays • • • • • Coal exploration • • • • Retrograde diagenesis Ball clay • • • • . Coal fields Marine regression Bleaching clay • • . • • • Coal deposits Marine transgression Boulder clay •.•.•.• Coal seams Provenance Brick clay •••••••• Cleat Rhythmites Ceramic clay • • • • • Coal genesis Sediment transport Clay deposits Allochthonous coal •••• Rafting Clay minerals • • • • • • Autochthonous coal • • • • • Ice rafting Bentonite • • • • • • Coalification •.•• Saltation Chlorite • • • • • Coal geology • • • • Suspended sediments Dickite . • • • • Coal production ••.•• River load Gibbsite • • • • • Coal properties •••••• Bed load Glauconite • . • • • • Gas content • • • • • • Dissolved load Halloysite • • • . • Coal quality Sedimentary cycle Hydromuscovite • • • • • • Low grade coal • • • Sedimentary differentiation Illite ••••• Coal rank • • • Sedimentary history •••.••• Kaolin • • • • • • Low rank coal • • • Sedimentary structures ••••.••• Kaolinite • • • • • Coal reserves • • • • Algal structures • • • • • • • • • Septechlorite • . • • • • Coal reserve estimation Algal mats •••••••••• Amesite • • • • • Coal resources • • . • • Cryptozoon • • • • • • • • • • Berthierine • • • • • • Coal reserves . • • • • Stromatolites • • • • • • • • • • Cronstedtite • • • • • • • Coal reserve estimation •••••• Collenia • • • • • • • Montmorillonite ••••• Coke •••• Avalanche bedding •••••••• Saponite • • • • • • Coke making • • • • Bedding planes • • • • • • • Palygorskite •••••• Coke ovens •.•• Cast (sedimentary) ••••••• Sepiolite Coking coal • • • • Concordant bedding ••••••• Vermiculite Dull coal • • • • Cone in cone structure Clay pits High sulphur coal • • • • Contemporaneous deformation Coating clay Lignite • • • • Convolute bedding Filler clay Noncoking coal • • • • Current bedding Flint clay Pulverized coal • • • • Cut and fill structures Moulding clay Sapropellc coal . • • • Depositional dip Paper clay • • • • • . Cannel coal • • • • Discordant bedding Pelleting clay • • • • • Subbituminous coal •••• Geode Pipe clay ••••• Ultraclean coal . • • • • Thunder eggs Plastic clay • . • • Diatomaceous earth • • • • Graded bedding Pottery clay •••• Ironstone • • • • Hieroglyph Refractory clays • • • • • Banded iron formation • • • • Intrusive sedimentary structures Underclay Pelite • • • • • Sandstone dykes White clay • • • • Phosphorite •••• Lens ••••• Diamictite •••• Psammite .••• Mud cracks ••••• Gravel •.•• Psephite • • • • Olistostrome • • • • • . Gravel pits •••• Quartzite •••• Pisolith ••••• Sands .••• Turbidite •••• Rain prints Aeolian sands • • Sedimentation • • • • Ripple marks Beach sands Biogenic sedimentation • • • • Shrinkage cracks Building sands Burial •••• Slumping Calcareous sands Chemical sedimentation . • • • • Slump bedding Channel sands Deposition • • • . . Slump block Foundry sands •••• Burial • . . • • Slump structure • • • • • • • Green strength • • • • Contourites •••• Stratum Gamet sands •••• Encrustations •••• Stylolite Gas sand • • • • Settling velocity •••• Tepee Glass sands • • • Diagenesis ••• Sediments Glauconitic sands •••• Cementation (diagenesis) • • • • Aeolian sediments Mineral sands • • • • Compaction (geology) • • • • • Aeolian sands Ilmenite sands •••• Concretion ••••• Aeolianite • • • • • • • Mineral sand mining ••••• Pearl •••• Alluvium • • • • • • • Monazite sands • • • • Depth of burial • • • • Anaerobic sediments • • • • • • • Rutile sands • • • • • Burial history curve • • • • Blanket sands • • • • • • • Zircon sands •••• Dilatancy • • • • Calcareous sediments •••••• Oil sands •••• Induration Maris • • • • • • • Bituminous sands • • • • Lithification ••••• Marls River sands •••• Maturation ••••• Micrite Silica sands • • • • • Conodont colour alteration • • • • Carbonaceous sediments Silty sands

~~262 Hierarchical Listing~~

. • • • . . Singing sands • • • • Ground water basins . . . Lamination • • • • • Siliciclastic sediments • • • • • Artesian basins • • • Schistosity . • • • Detrital sediments • • • • Ocean basins • • Structural analysis ..... Detritus . • • • • Restricted basins • • • Balanced cross sections ...... Boulders • • • . Sedimentary basins . • . Fracture analysis •••.•• Gravel • • • • • Basin analysis . • Structural closure • • • . • • • Gravel pits • • • • • • Basin geometry • • • Domes (geological) ...... Pebbles • • . • • Cratonic basins . • • Structural high • . . • • • • Dreikanter ..... Rift basins . • . Structural trap ...... Gibber Bed rock Structural evolution .••• Ferruginous sediments • • . Discontinuity • . Structural nomenclature . . • • Geothermal sediments ••• Folds •. Structural processes (geology) • • • • • Siliceous sinter •••• Anticlines . • • Deformation (structural geology) .•••• Travertine . . • • • Baldheaded anticline • • • • Brittle deformation • • • . Marine sediments • • • • • Breached anticline . • • • Clastic deformation Beach rock • • • • Compaction folds .... Creep Deep sea sediments . • • • Complex folds •••• Faulting Fluviomarine sediments • . . • Concentric folds • • • • • Apparent movement of faults Glacial marine sediments • • • • Crenulation folds Decollement Littoral sediments • . • • Cross folds • • . • • Detachment Oozes Cylindrical folds ••••• Fault blocks Regressive sediments Disharmonic folds ...... Horst Sea floor sediments Drag folds ••••• Faults Spherules Flexure Arcuate faults Terrigenous sediments Flowage folds Bedding faults Transgressive sediments Inclined folds Block faults •••• Melange Longitudinal folds Compression faults • • • • Organic sediments • • • • Overturned folds Dip faults • • • • Phosphatic sediments . • • • Plunging folds Dip slip faults • • • • Reef sediments . . • • Ptygmatic folds • • • • . . • Reverse slip faults • • • • Residual sediments • . • • Symmetrical folds Extension faults • • • • • Lag sediments •••• Synclines Fault escarpments •••• Silts •••• Troughs Fault folds • • • • Surficial sediments • • • Geanticlines Fault geometry ••••• Regolith • • • Geosynclines Fault system .••• Terrestrial sediments • • • • Eugeosyncline • • • • • • • Conjugate system • • • • • Freshwater sediments • • • • Exogeosyncline •••••• Fault zone • • • • • • Fluvial sediments • • • • Miogeosyncline ••••••• Shear zone • . • • • • • Alluvial fans • • • • Orthogeosyncline Flexure faults • • • • • • Fluvioglacial sediments •••• Taphrogeosyncline Growth faults • • • • • • Lacustrine sediments ••• Grabens Hinge faults • • • • • Glacial sediments . • • • Half grabens Listric faults Boulder clay Horst Normal faults Fluvioglacial sediments •.• lnliers Riedel shear Glacial till .•• Outliers Rift faults Rock flour Incompetent rock ...... Rift zone Tillite Lineaments Slickenside ..... Red beds Mobile belt Step faults • . • • Unconsolidated sediments Nappe Strike faults •••• Varves Orogeny Strike slip faults •••• Volcanogenic sediments • • • Orogenic belt Submarine faults • • • Stratification • • Rift valleys Thrust faults • Structural geology • • • Rift faults Transform faults • • Competent rock •.•• Rift zone Transverse faults .. Dip • • Rock structures Wrench faults Apparent dip • • • Augen structure ••••• Transfer zones Isoclines ••• Cleavage ••.• Folding Monoclines • • • • Axial plane cleavage • • • • • Fold geometry Regional dip • • • • Bedding plane cleavage • .. .. • Axial plane True dip • • • • Crenulation cleavage ...... Limb Epeirogeny • • • • Fracture cleavage ...... Plunge Facing • • • • Shear cleavage . • • • • Fold system Fractured rock • • • • Slaty cleavage Anticlinorium Fractures • • • • Strain slip cleavage • • • • • • En echelon folding ••• Fractography Cleavage banding • • • • • • Synclinorium • • Geological structures Cleavage plane ..... Folds ••• Backdeep Foliation •••••• Anticlines ••• Basins Fractured rock • • • • • • • Baldheaded anticline • • • • Drainage basins Jointing • • . • • • • Breached anticline • • • • Foreland basins • • • • Columnar jointing • • • • • • Compaction folds

~~263 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Complex folds • • • Coastal erosion •••• Sandy loam Concentric folds • • • • Beach erosion • • • • Sedimentary soils Crenulation folds • • • Contemporaneous erosion • • • • Soil aggregates Cross folds • • . Cycle of erosion • • • • Soil conservation Cylindrical folds • . • • Denudation • • • • Soil erosion Disharmonic folds •••.. Base level Beach erosion Drag folds Differential erosion ••••• Piping (erosion) Flexure Dissection • • • • • Sheet erosion Flowage folds Dust storms • • • • Soil profiles Inclined folds Erosion control • • • • • Soil horizons Longitudinal folds Exhumation • • • • • • Calcareous crust Overturned folds Glacial erosion ••••••• Calcrete Plunging folds Headward erosion ••••••• Kunkar ptygmatic folds Marine erosion Duricrust Symmetrical folds Peneplanation Ferricrete Synclines River erosion Gypsite Troughs Scouring Laterites • • • • • Harmonic folding Soil erosion Silcrete Plastic deformation • • • • Beach erosion • • • • Soil properties . • • • Polyphase deformation •••• Piping (erosion) • • • • • Atterberg tests • . • • Rock deformation • • . • Sheet erosion • • • • • Hydraulic properties Boudinage • • • Water erosion • • • • • Relative density Brecciation • • . Wind erosion • • • • • Soil structure Mylonitization •••• Aeolian •••••• Humus Strain ellipse • • • • Dreikanter • . • • • Soil textures •.• Diapirism •••• Gibber •••• Soil sampling • • • • Diapiric breccia • • • • Lag deposits • • • • Soil stratigraphic unit •••• Diapirs •• Pedology . • • . Soil surveys • • • • • Diapiric breccia • • • Palaeopedology • • • • • Soil gas surveys • • • • • Salt anticlines • • • Soil chemistry •••• Soil tests •••••• Caprock • • • • Soil analysis • • • • • Penetration tests .••••• Salt domes ••••• FuMe acid •••• Soil water Salt diapirs ••••• Humic acid capillarity ••••• Salt plugs Soil classification • • • • • Capillary water • • • • • Shale diapirs Soil genesis • • • • • capillary yield •• Tectonics Soil leaching •.••• Salt damp Collision zone Soil maps •••• Top soil Convection Soil physics • • • • Transported soils Downwarping Soils • • Weathering Plate tectonics • • • • Acid sulphate soils • • • Case hardening (geological) • • • • Accreting plate boundary • • • • Aeolian soils • • • Chemical weathering • • • • Circum pacific belt ••••• Loess • • . . Lateritization •.•• Continental breakup •••• Alfisol •••• Saprolite Continental drift • • • • Alluvial soils •.•. Tafoni Continental movement •••• Alluvium • • • Decomposition Convergent margin • • • • Calcareous soils • • • Desert polish Island arcs • • • • Cohesive soils • • • • Desert varnish • • • • • Back arc basins ••••• Clay soils • • • Mechanical weathering • • • • • Fore arc basins • • • • Collapsing soils • • • • Abrasion (geological) • • • • Mantle plumes •••• Colluvium • • • • Exfoliation ••••• Hot spots • • • • Dispersive soils •••• Frost action •••• Obduction • . • • Dust storms ••••• Frost heave • • • • Plate movement rate • • • • Eluvial soils •••••• Pingos • • • • Sea floor spreading • • • • Expansive soils •••• Scree • • • • Subduction • • • • Frozen soils • . • • • Scree slope • • • • • Subduction zones • • • • • Permafrost Organic weathering • • • • • . Benioff zones Gilgai Spheroidal weathering • • • Structural terranes Impervious soils Weathering profile • • • • Terrane analysis Lacustrine soils Weathering tests Surge tectonics Lateritic soil Zone of weathering • • • Syntectonics Loams ••• Tectonic cycle Noncohesive soils Graphic presentation ••• Upwarping ••••• Bulldust Audio visual materials • Surficial geology • • • • Organic soils Charts • • Desertification Palaeosols Histograms ••• Deserts Podzol Mapping •••• Sand seas Red brown earth • • Aerial mapping • • • • Stony deserts Residual soils ••• Flight line •••• Tundra • • • • Saline soils Extraterrestrial mapping •• Erosion • • • • • Salinization • • Gazetteers

~~264 - e Hierarchical Listing~~

• • Geochemical mapping . . . • Magnetic maps •• Forestry • • Geological mapping Aerial magnetic maps ••• Dieback - • • • Geological maps Magnetic basement maps • • Mining industry • • • • Explanatory notes . . • • • Magnetic domain maps . . • Coal industry e • . . . Facies maps • • • • • Magnetic pixel maps • • • • Coal statistics •••• Field maps ••••• TMI maps Coal consumption • • . • lsochron maps • • • • Radiometric maps ••••• Coal prices . • • • Metallogenic maps •••• Seismic maps • • • • • Coal production e . • • • Outcrop maps • • • • • Seismic isochron • • • Mineral industry • • • • Photogeological maps • • • Geothermal maps • • • • Mineral statistics • • • • Regional maps • • • Hydrogeological maps • • • • • Aluminium production e . • • • Stratigraphic maps • • • • lsosalinity maps • • • • • Coal statistics • • • . • lsochore maps Index maps Coal consumption ••••• Isopach maps International map of the world •••••• Coal prices • • • • • • Basement depth maps • . • Interpretative maps • • • • • • Coal production e • • • • • Residual maps • • • Location maps Copper production . • • • Structure contour maps • • • • Flight maps • • • • • Gold production . . . • • lsochron maps • • • • Line location maps . . • • • Industrial material statistics • • • • Subcrop maps • • . • • Shot point maps • • • • • • Salt production e • • • . Subsurface maps . . • • Navigation track maps • • • • • • • Solar evaporation • • • . Tectonic maps •••• Sample location maps Iron production • • • • • Lineament maps • • • • Tenement maps • • • • • Lead production Regional mapping Mine maps ••••• Metal prices • • • Regolith mapping . . • Oceanographic charts •••••• Gold prices • • • Stratigraphic mapping • • . Palaeogeographic maps Mine production • • • Structural mapping ••• Photo maps Mineral prices - • • • • Tectonic maps • . • • Orthophoto maps Nickel production • • • • • Lineament maps • • • Regolith maps Silver production • • • Subsurface mapping • • • Resource maps Tin production • • • Underground mapping • • • • Coal resource maps Uranium production - • • Infrared mapping • • • • Mineral resource maps Zinc production •• Maps • • • • Petroleum resource maps • • • Non ferrous metal industry Atlases • • • • Water resource maps . Secondary industry Base maps ••• Soil maps • • Manufacturing industry - • • • Cadastral maps • • Plane table mapping • Steel industry • • • Contour maps • • Radar mapping . • Steel making •••• Topographic maps • • • Radar imagery Basic oxygen process • • • • • Topographic contours Mohr circles Hot strip mill - • • • Derivative maps Openhearth process Multimedia e • • • Digital maps Nomograms Rolling mills • • • Geochemical maps Rose diagrams Steel converters • • • • Stream sediment maps Stereographic projection • • • Geological maps Video Infrastructure e • • • • Explanatory notes Bridges • • • • Facies maps Industry Electrical utilities •••• Field maps • Ceramics industry Gas utilities • • • • lsochron maps • Chemical industry Laboratories e • • • • Metallogenic maps • • Petrochemical industry • • Chemical laboratories • • • • Outcrop maps • • • Petrochemicals • • Laboratory equipment Photogeological maps • Petroleum industry ••• Fume cupboards • • • • Regional maps • • Gas distribution • • Metallurgical laboratories . • • • Stratigraphic maps • • Petroleum statistics • • Mobile laboratories • • • • • lsochore maps • • • Natural gas prices . Libaries - • • • • • Isopach maps ••• Oil prices • Lighting • • • • • • Basement depth maps • • • Petroleum consumption • • Electrical lighting • • • • • Residual maps • • • • Gas consumption . . Mine lighting • • • • Structure contour maps • • • • Oil consumption Museums - • • • • • lsochron maps . • • Petroleum imports • Roads e • • • • Subcrop maps • • • Petroleum production • • • • Subsurface maps • • • • Crude oil production Instrumentation • • • • Tectonic maps • • • • Natural gas production • Metering • • • • • Lineament maps • • • • Offshore production e • • • Geomorphic maps • Primary industry Management • • • Geophysical maps •• Agriculture • Commerce •••• EM maps ••• Agronomy . • Trade balance • • • • Gravity maps • • • Arable land • • • Gregory thesis e • • • • • Bouguer anomaly maps ••• Fertilizers • • Trade practices • • • • • Free air anomaly maps • • • • Superphosphate • Contractual arrangements . • • • • Residual anomaly maps •••• Urea Commodity agreements e •••• IP maps • • • Pastoralism • • Confidentiality e 265 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

• • Contract services • • • Tertiary education Resin cements . • Dispute resolution Equal opportunity Setting time .•• Mediation • • Manpower planning Slag cements .• International agreements •• Personnel Soil cements • • Mining agreements ... Divers Sulphate resisting cements Fannin ••• Drill crews • Ceramics ••• Farm out • • • • Drillers logs •• Bricks • • • Joint ventures • • • Geoscientists • • • Brick making • • Non disclosure agreements . . • • Geochemists ••• Firebrick • • Partnerships • . . . Geologists Earthenware • • • Government participation • • • • • Palaeontologists •• Pottery • . • Public participation • • • • Geomorphologists •• Silica brick • • Petroleum agreements • • • • Geophysicists •• Stoneware Fannin • • • • • Seismologists • Chemical compounds ••• Farm out • • • • Soil scientists •• Acids • • • Joint ventures • • • Prospector ••• Industrial acids •. Sole risk • • Working conditions • • • Inorganic acids . Crisis management • • . Superannuation Hydriodic acid • Disaster management • • • Wages and salaries Hydrobromic acid • • Disaster relief • Production management • • • • Hydrochloric acid • Dispute resolution • • Supply management • • • • Hydrofluoric acid •• Mediation • • • Inventory control • • • • Nitric acid • Efficiency • Productivity • • • • Sulphuric acid •• Work study • • Performance guarantee • • • Organic acids • Emergency management • • Performance indicators •••• Oxalates • Employment • Project management •• Additives • • Enterprise bargaining • • Commissioning • • • Cement additives • Exploration management • • • Decommissioning • • • Pulp additives • Industrial relations • • • Recommissioning •• Alums • • Arbitration • • Consultants •• Coolants • • Compensation • • Flow charting •• Cyanides • . Industrial democracy • • • Critical path method • • • Hydrogen cyanide •• Trade unions • • Project development • • • Potassium cyanide • Innovation • • • Brownfields development • • • Sodium cyanide • Intellectual property • • • Greenfields development •• Halogens •• Patents •• Well programmes ••• Bromine • Knowledge management • Public relations • • • • Bromine isotopes • • Data mining • Quality assurance ••• Chlorine . • • Temporal data • • Accreditation • • • • Chlorine isotopes • • Data warehousing • • Benchmarking ••• Fluorine Management audit • Research management • • • • Fluorine isotopes Management philosophy • Risk management ••• Halides Management training Insurance •••• Bromides Marketing Legal liability •••• Chlorides • . Commodity agreements Property damage • • • • • Ferric chloride • • Market research Public risk • • • • • Potassium chloride • Mine management Risk analysis •••• Fluorides • • Care and maintenance Risk assessment • • • • • Calcium fluoride • • Mine closure •• Security •••• Iodides • Organization theory • • • Fingerprinting • • • • • Potassium iodide • • Organization charts ••• Theft • • • Halogenation . Personnel management Strategic planning ••• Iodine •• Amenities • Total quality management • • • • Iodine cycle • • Commuter mining • Value adding • • • • Iodine isotopes •• Education • • Nitrogen compounds Careers Materials ••• Nitrates Conferences • Additives • • • Nitrogen inorganic compounds Continuing education • • Cement additives •••• Ammonia Field excursions • • Pulp additives • • • • • Ammonium compounds • • • • Trail guides • Cements • • • • • • Ammonium nitrate Geological training • • Asbestos cements • • • . . • Ammonium sulphate Geophysical training Bituminous cements • • • • • Liquid ammonia Industrial training Cement aggregate reactions • • • Organic nitriles Management training Cement making ••• Urea Metallurgical training Gypsum cements • • Organic compounds Mining training Lime cements • • • Amino acids Petroleum engineering training Mortars . • • Organic nitriles Safety training • • • Refractory mortars •• Oxonium •••• Alcohol Oil well cements • • • Oxonium ions •••. Drugs • • Portland cements •• Pesticides

~~266 Hierarchical Listing~~

• . Phenoxyacetic acid • • • • Uranium oxide • • . • • Cannel coal • . Phosphates ••••• Yellowcake • • . • Subbituminous coal • • • Calcium phosphates . . • • Uranium policy • • . • Ultraclean coal • • • Marine phosphates Uranium production ••• Oil sands • • • Phosphate deposits • • • • Uranium reserves • • • • Bituminous sands .••• Guano • . • • Uranium resources ••• Peat . • . • Pebble phosphate . . . • • Uranium reserves •••• Peat bog • . • Phosphate minerals • Fuels ••• Petroleum • . • • Plumbogummite Bagasse •••• Bitumens •.•• Variscite Coal oil mixtures • . • • • Asphaltite •.•• Vivianite Coal water mixtures ••.•. Asphalts •.•• Wavellite Fossil fuels Bituminous cements Phosphate nodules ••• Coal Coal tar . • • Phosphate rock . • • • Allochthonous coal Coastal bitumens • • • Phosphorite • • • • Anthracite Gilsonite • • • Superphosphate • • • • Autochthonous coal Tars •• Sulphates Banded coal •••• Crude oil . . • Sulphate minerals Bituminous coal ••••• Asphaltene .•.• Anglesite Bright coal Crude oil production .••• Anhydrite Coal ash Gas saturated oil . . • • • Anhydrite deposits Coal chemistry High sulphur oil •••• Barite Coal combustion Oil fields • . • • • Barite deposits ••..• Clinker • • • • • • Giant oil fields ..•• Celestite •••• Coal constituents Residual oils • • • • Chalcanthite Alginite • • • • • Sour crudes •••• Goslarite Clarain • • • • • Sweet crudes •••• Gypsum Durain ••••• Waxy oils • • • • • Gypsum deposits Exinite • • • • Liquefied petroleum gas • • • • Plumbojarosite Fusain • • • • Natural gas •• Thiourea Huminite Dissolved gas • Coatings Inertinite ••••• Dry gas Organic coatings Mineral matter • • • • • Gas reservoirs • • Precious metal coatings Vitrain •••••• Gas caps • • Protective coatings Vitrinite • • • • • Liquefied natural gas Flame retardants • • • . • • Vitrinite reflectance • • • • • Natural gas fields • • • Galvanizing • • . • . Volatile matter • • • • • • Giant gas fields .•• Paints •••• Coal dust • • • • • Natural gas liquids • • Refractory coatings • • • • • Dust explosions • • • • • • Natural gas liquid recovery • Fissionable materials • • • • Coal exploration • • • • • • Natural gas liquid reserves • • Nuclear fuels •••• Coal fields • • • • • Natural gas production ••• Plutonium • • • • • Coal deposits • • • • • Natural gas resources • • • • Plutonium isotopes •••••• Coal seams • • • • • • Natural gas reserves ••• Uranium ••••••• Cleat • • • • • • • Gross gas reserves • • • • Uranium deposits • • • • Coal genesis • • • • • • . Natural gas liquid reserves • • • • Uranium enrichment Allochthonous coal • . • • • • • Recoverable gas reserves ••••• Centrifugal process (uranium) • • • • • Autochthonous coal • • • • • Natural gas treatment • • • • • Diffusion process (uranium) • • • • • Coalification • • • • • • Carbon dioxide removal . • • • • Nozzel process (uranium) • • • • Coal geology ••••• Sour gas Uranium fuel cycle • • • • Coal production ••.•• Sweet gas • • • • Uranium hexafluoride • • • • Coal properties ••••. Wet gas . • • • Uranium isotopes • • • • • Gas content • • • • Offshore petroleum .•••• Plutonium • • • • Coal quality •••. Oil • • • • • • Plutonium isotopes • • • • • Low grade coal • • • • • Lubricating oil • • • • Uranium minerals •••• Coal rank • • • • Petroleum products ••••• Autunite • • • • • Low rank coal • • • • • Hydrocarbon byproducts •••••. Saleeite • • • • Coal reserves •••••• Waxes Brannerite • . • • • Coal reserve estimation Montan wax Carnotite • • • . Coal resources ••••••• Ozocerite Davidite • • • • • Coal reserves . • • • • • • Paraffin wax Gummite • • • • • • Coal reserve estimation • • • • • Petrochemicals Thorianite •••• Coke • • • • Petroleum prospects Thucholite • • • • • Coke making • • • • Petroleum reservoirs Torbemite ••••• Coke ovens Carbonate reservoirs Uraninite Coking coal ••••• Fractured reservoirs Uranophane Dull coal • • • • • Gas reservoirs Vanadinite High sulphur coal •••••• Gas caps Zeunerite Lignite • • • • • Low permeability reservoirs . • • • Uranium mines Noncoking coal • • • • • • Tight formation • • • • Uranium ores Pulverized coal • • • • • Oil reservoirs ••••• Coffinite • • • • Sapropelic coal • • • • • • Oil water interface

~~267 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

•••••• Oil window • • Aggregates •••• Illite • • . • • Petroleum occurrence Cement aggregate reactions •••• Kaolin • • • • • • Gas seepages Heavyweight aggregates ••••• Kaolinite • • • • • • Hydrocarbon shows Lightweight aggregates • • • • • • Septechlorite Gas cut water Rail ballast ••••••• Amesite •••..•• Gas kicks Riprap • • • • • • • Berthierine •••••.. Gas shows Road metal • • • • • • • Cronstedtite ••••••• Oil shows Rubble • • • • Montmorillonite . • • • • • Oil seepages • • Binders (materials) ••••• Saponite • • • • • • Petroleum occurrence maps • • Carbon black • • • • Palygorskite Producing zone • • Construction materials •••• Sepiolite Reservoir fluids • • • Building materials ••.• Venniculite Reservoir rock • • • • Building sands Cryolite Sandstone reservoirs • • • • Building stones Damourite Seals (reservoir) . • • • • Dimension stone Diatomaceous earth • • • • Petroleum resources • • • • • Stone conservation Dolomite (mineral) • • • • . Natural gas resources •••• Masonry Feldspars • • • • • • Natural gas reserves • • • • Paving stone • • • • Alkali feldspars • • • • • • • Gross gas reserves •••• Timber ••••• Adularia • • • • • • • Natural gas liquid reserves ••• Concrete ••••• Albite • • • • • . • Recoverable gas reserves • • • • Concrete products •••••• Peristerite • • • • • Offshore petroleum resources • • • • Lightweight concrete • • • • • Anorthoclase • • • • • Offshore resources • • • • Post tensioned concrete Microcline • • • • • • Offshore mineral resources Precast concrete • • • • • Orthoclase • • . • • • Offshore petroleum resources • • • • Prestressed concrete ••••• Sanidine • • • • • Oil resources • • • • Ready mixed concrete •••• Amazonite • • • • • • Oil reserves • • • • Sulphate soundness Celsian • . • • • • • Gross oil reserves •• Dolomite (rock) •••• Moonstone • • • • • • • Recoverable oil reserves •• Glass •••• Mynnekite • • • • • Petroleum reserves Borosilicate glass •••• Perthite • • • • • • Natural gas reserves Devitrification • • • • Plagioclase • . • • • • • Gross gas reserves Devitrified glass ••••• Albite • • • • • • • Natural gas liquid reserves Glass fibres • • • • • • Peristerite • • • • • • • Recoverable gas reserves Glass making Andesine • • • • • • Oil reserves Heat resistant glass ••••• Anorthite • • • • • • • Gross oil reserves Lead glass Bytownite • • • • • • • Recoverable oil reserves Optical glass • • • • • Labradorite • • • • • • Petroleum reserve estimation Ruby glass ••••• Oligoclase • • • • • Petroleum systems Silica glass •••••• Mynnekite ••• Shale oil Vitrification • • • • Sodium feldspar • • • • Shale oil chemistry • • Industrial minerals Fillers • • • • Shale oil processing • • • Andalusite Flint • • • • Shale oil recovery • • • • Chiastolite Fluorite •• Fuel oil ••• Anhydrite Fullers earth • • Liquid fuels • . . • Anhydrite deposits Graphite Alcohol fuels ••• Asbestos • • • • Graphite deposits Ethylene .•.. Actinolite ••• Gypsum Liquefied natural gas . • • • Crocidolite • • • • Gypsum deposits Liquefied petroleum gas • • • • Serpentine ••• Halite Petroleum products ••••• Chrysotile •••• Rock salt • • • • Hydrocalbon byproducts ••••• Greenalite • • • • • Rock salt deposits ••••• Waxes ••. Ball clay • • • Industrial mineral resources Montanwax ••• Barite • • • • Industrial mineral reserves •••••• Ozocerite • • • • Barite deposits Kyanite •••••• Paraffin wax ••• Beryl ••• Magnesite • • • • Petrochemicals •••• Aquamarine ••• Mica • • • Synthetic fuels •••• Emerald •••• Biotite • • • . Alcohol fuels ••• Borates • • • . Celadonite • • • • Coal conversion • • • • Borate deposits • • • • Glauconite • • • . • Coal gasification • • • • Borate minerals •••• Lepidolite • • • • • Coal liquefaction ••.•• Borax •••• Muscovite • • • • • • Sasol process ••• Chromite Damourite •••• Ethanol • • • Clay minerals ••••• Fuchsite •••• Methanol ••.• Bentonite ••••• Phengite .••• Vegetable oils •••• Chlorite • • • • Phlogopite • Hazardous materials •••• Dickite •••• Pinite • • Flammable gases •••• Gibbsite •••• Sericite • • Flammable liquids • • • • Glauconite • • • • Zinnwaldite •• Toxic substances •••• Halloysite • • • Mineral fibres • Industrial materials • . • • Hydromuscovite • • • • Artificial mineral fibres

~~268 e~~

~~e Hierarchical Listing~~

e •••• Asbestos • • • Ornamental stone • . . • Copper deposits ••.•• Actinolite • . • Paving stone . . • • • Porphyry copper deposits . . • • • Crocidolite • Insulation • • • . • Red bed copper deposits . • . • • Serpentine • Materials technology • • . • Lead deposits e .••.•. Chrysotile Carbon arc •••• Nickel deposits .••••• Greenalite Carbon filament • • • • • Lateritic nickel deposits . • • • Crocidolite • • Composite materials • • • • Sulphide deposits Perlite •• Corrosion ••••• Gossans e Pigment minerals Atmospheric corrosion • • • . • . Gossan sampling Pozzolan • • • Corrosion fatigue • • • • • Massive sulphide deposits Pumice . • • Corrosion prevention . • • • • Sulphide ores Pyrophyllite • . • • Anodic protection • • • • Zinc deposits e Quartz • • • • Cathodic protection • • • Base metal exploration •••• Amethyst • . • . Galvanized steel ••• Copper • • • • Quartzolite . • • • Galvanizing • . . • Blister copper • • • • Rock crystal Corrosion resistance • . • • Copper alloys e ••• Salt Corrosion tests ••••• Brass •••• Brine salt Electrochemical corrosion • • • • Copper arsenate • • • • Salt deposits Rusting • • • • Copper carbonates . • • • Salt harvesting Sea water corrosion • • • • Copper chloride e ••••• Salt fields Fibreglass • • • • Copper converters • • • • Salt production • • Fused minerals • • • • Copper deposits • • . • • Solar evaporation • • Materials tests • • • • • Porphyry copper deposits ••• Talc Accelerated tests • • • • • Red bed copper deposits e •••. Talc deposits Brittle failure • • • • Copper isotopes • • • Wollastonite Destructive testing • • • • Copper minerals •.. Zircon Fire tests Atacamite e • • • • Zircon sands Impact strength ••••• Azurite •• Limestone Low temperature tests Bornite Algal limestone Nondestructive testing Boumonite Allochthonous limestone Oxidation tests Chalcanthite e Calcarenite PCE equivalent Chalcocite Calcilutite Physical tests •••.•• Digenite Coquina • • • • Bitumen stripping test Chalcopyrite Crystalline limestone • • • • Compression tests Chalcosiderite e Foraminiferal limestone • • • • Ductility tests Chrysocolla Lithographic limestone • • • . Dynamic tests Covellite Magnesian limestone • • • • Hardness tests Cubanite Oolitic limestone • • • • • Brinell hardness Cuprite e Pelagic limestone ••••• Mohs scale Dioptase Pelletal limestone • • • • Impact tests Enargite Reef limestone • • • • Los Angeles test Goldfieldite Siliceous limestone • • • • Tension tests Malachite e Vesuvianite •••• Wear tests Native copper • • Moulding materials Therrnomechanical analysis Stannite • • • Foundry sands • . • Ultrasonic tests Stromeyerite •••• Green strength • • • X ray stress analysis Tennantite Nepheline syenite • • Physical metallurgy Tetrahedrite Ornamental stone • • • Hardening (materials) • • • • Copper mines Pigments • • • Metallography • • • • Copper ores - Refractory materials ••• Recrystallization (metals) Azurite e Carbon refractories • • Strength of materials ••••• Bornite Ferrotungsten Bonding strength • • • • • Chalcocite Firebrick Compressive strength •••.•• Digenite Fireclay refractories Deformation (materials) • • • • • Chalcopyrite Heat resistant materials Failure (materials) ••••• Cuprite • • • • Heat resistant glass Fatigue (materials) ••••• Malachite - Magnesite refractories Shear strength • • • • Copper oxides Porcelain Tensile strength • • • • Copper production e Refractory coatings Yield strength • • • • Copper refining Refractory concretes • • Synthetic materials • • • • Copper reserves ... Refractory mortars • • • Optical fibres • • • • Copper resources Silicate refractories •• Welding • • • • • Copper reserves e •• Shell grit • Membranes • • • • Copper smelting •• Slate • • Liquid membranes • • • • • Copper matte • • • Roofing slate • • Molecular sieves • • • • Copper sulphate •• Stone • Metal fabrication • • • • Copper sulphides e • • • Building stones • Metals • • • • Native copper • • • • Dimension stone • • Base metals ••• Lead e • • • • Stone conservation • . • Base metal deposits • • • . Lead alloys e 269 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Lead converters • • • • Nickel sulphides ••• Iron mines Lead deposits ••• Zinc ••• Iron ores Lead isotopes • • • • Hemimorphite • • • • Bessemer ore ••••• Lead ratio • . • • Zinc alloys •••• Goethite • • . • Lead minerals • • • • Zinc deposits •••• Hematite ..... Anglesite • • • • Zinc isotopes ••••• Martite Cerussite • • • • Zinc minerals • • • • • Micaceous hematite Crocoite Calamine •••• Jaspilite Galena Franklinite •••• Limonite Jamesonite Goslarite •••• Magnetite Minium Smithsonite ••••• Lodestone Native lead Sphalerite • • • • • Titanomagnetite Plumbogummite ••••• Willemite •••• Pyrite Plumbojarosite ••••• Zincite ••••• Framboid Pyromorphite •••• Zinc mines ••••• Marcasite Stolzite •••• Zinc ores • • • • Pyrrhotite .•.•• Wulfenite •••• Zinc production ••••• Troilite •••• Lead mines • • • • Zinc refining •••• Siderite •••• Lead ores • . • • Zinc reserves ••.• Taconite ••••• Anglesite • • • • Zinc resources • • • Iron oxides ••••• Cerussite • • • • • Zinc reserves •••• Ferrites ••••• Galena • • • • Zinc silicate ••• Iron production • • • • Lead oxides • • • • Zinc smelting • • • Iron resources ••••• Minium • • • • Zinc sulphate •••• Iron reserves • • • • Lead production • • • • Zinc sulphides • • • Iron smelting • • • • Lead refining •• Iron ••• Pig iron • . • • • Cupellation ••• Cast iron • • • Sponge iron • • • • • • Gold recovery ••• Iron alloys • • Non ferrous metals • • • • • • Silver recovery • • • • Ferrochrome • • • Actinide series . • • • • Desilverizing • • • • Ferromanganese •••• Actinium • • • • Lead resources •••• Ferrosilicon •••• Americium • • • • • Lead reserves ••.• Ferrotungsten •••• Berkelium . • • • Lead smelting •••• Steel • • • • Californium ••••• Lead matte • • • • • Alloy steels •••• Curium ••••• Speiss Chromium steel • • • • Einsteinium • • • • Lead sulphate lnvar •••• Fermium • • • • Lead sulphides • • • • • • Manganese steel •••• Lawrencium • • • • Native lead • • • • • • Nickel steel •••• Mendelevium ••• Nickel • • • • • • Stainless steel •••• Neptunium • • • • Nickel converters • • • • • Galvanized steel •••• Nobelium • • • • Nickel deposits • • • Iron deposits • • • Alkali metals • • • • • Lateritic nickel deposits • • • Iron minerals •••• Caesium • • • • Nickel isotopes •••• Iron ores ••••• Caesium isotopes • • • • Nickel minerals Bessemer ore .••• Lithium Annabergite ••••• Goethite Lithium deposits Chloanthite ••••• Hematite • • • • • Lithium isotopes Gamierite •••••• Martite • • • • • Lithium minerals Gersdorffite • • • • • • Micaceous hematite Amblygonite Linnaeite Jaspilite •••••• Lepidolite • • • . • . Polydymite ••••• Limonite •••••• Petalite Millerite ••••• Magnetite •••••• Spodumene Niccolite •••••• Lodestone •••• Potassium Pentlandite . . . • • • Titanomagnetite . . . • • Potash mines Ullmannite ••••• Pyrite • • • • • Potassium carbonates Viola rite ••.••• Framboid •••••• Potash Zaratite •••.•• Marcasite Potassium chloride . • • • Nickel mines ••••• Pyrrhotite Potassium cyanide • • • • Nickel ores •••••• Troilite Potassium hydroxides • • • • • Annabergite ••••• Siderite Potassium isotopes . • • • • Lateritic nickel ores ••••• Taconite Potassium minerals ••••• Pentlandite • • . • Iron silicates .••.•• Alunite • • • • Nickel oxides • • • • Iron sulphides ••••••• Jarosite • • • • Nickel production ••.•• Pyrite ••••••• Plumbogummite • • • • Nickel refining •••••• Framboid • • • • • • • Plumbojarosite • • • • • Sherritt process •••••• Marcasite •••••• Carnallite • • • • Nickel reserves ••••• Pyrrhotite •••••• Sylvite • • • • Nickel resources •••••• Troilite • • • • • Potassium nitrate deposits • • • • • Nickel reserves ••••• Troilite •••• Rubidium • • • • Nickel smelting •••• Stilpnomelane • • • • • Rubidium isotopes • • • • • Nickel matte •..• Wustite .••• Sodium

~~270 e e Hierarchical Listing~~

e Sodium carbonates . • • • Aluminium reserves • • • • . Copper isotopes Sodium cyanide • . • • Aluminium resources • • • • . Copper minerals Sodium halides • • • • • Aluminium reserves Atacamite ...... Sodium chloride • • • • Aluminium silicates Azurite e ...... Sodium fluorides . . . . • Andalusite Bornite Sodium hydroxide ...... Chiastolite Bournonite Sodium isotopes ..... Asbestos Chalcanthite Sodium sulphate Actinolite Chalcocite e Sodium sulphide ...... Crocidolite ...... Digenite • • • Alkaline earth metals ...... Serpentine Chalcopyrite ..•• Barium ••••••. Chrysotile Chalcosiderite e • . • • • Barium isotopes ••••••• Greenalite Chrysocolla • • • • • Barium minerals Chiastolite Covellite •••• Beryllium ••••• Kyanite Cubanite ..... Beryllium isotopes ••••• Sillimanite Cuprite e . • • • Calcium ••••• Staurolite Dioptase • • • • • Calcium carbide .••• Aluminium smelting Enargite • . . • . Calcium carbonates • • • • • Bayer process Goldfieldite ...... Chalk • • • . Aluminium sulphate Malachite e Calcium ferrites • • • • Bauxite mines Native copper Calcium fluoride ••• Antimony Stannite Calcium isotopes • • • • Antimony deposits Stromeyerite Calcium phosphates . • • • Antimony minerals Tennantite e Calcium silicates Cervantite Tetrahedrite Calcium sulphates Chalcostibite • • • • • Copper mines •••••• Anhydrite Native antimony ..... Copper ores • • • • • • • Anhydrite deposits Stibiconite Azurite e ...... Gypsum Stibnite ...... Bornite • • • • • • • Gypsum deposits Valentinite ...... Chalcocite ...... Plaster • • • • Antimony mines ...... • Digenite ..... Lime •.•• Native antimony ...... Chalcopyrite e •.•• Magnesium •.• Arsenic ...... Cuprite Magnesium carbonates • • • • Arsenic dep0$its ...... Malachite • • • • • Magnesium isotopes • • • • Arsenic isotopes Copper oxides . . • . • Magnesium minerals • • • • Arsenic minerals Copper production e Brucite Arsenopyrite Copper refining ...... Magnesite Loellingite Copper reserves ...... Periclase Native arsenic Copper resources • • • • • Magnesium oxides Niccolite • • • • • • Copper reserves e • • • • • Magnesium silicates Realgar • • • • • Copper smelting •••• Radium Scorodite • • • • • • Copper matte • • • • • Radium isotopes Smaltite • • • • • Copper sulphate •••• Strontium Sperrylite • • • • • Copper sulphides e • • • • • Strontium isotopes • • • • Native arsenic • • • • • Native copper • • • • • Strontium minerals ... Base metals .... Lead ...... Celestite • • • • Base metal deposits Lead alloys ...... Strontianite . .... Copper deposits Lead converters e ••• Aluminium ...... Porphyry copper deposits Lead deposits •••. Alumina ...... Red bed copper deposits Lead isotopes • • • • Aluminium deposits • • • • • Lead deposits ...... Lead ratio • • • • Aluminium isotopes • • • • • Nickel deposits • • • • • Lead minerals e •••• Aluminium minerals ...... Lateritic nickel deposits Anglesite ••••• Alunite • • • • • Sulphide deposits Cerussite Jarosite ...... Gossans Crocoite ······ Plumbogummite • • • • • • • Gossan sampling Galena ...... Plumbojarosite ...... Massive sulphide deposits Jamesonite Diaspore • . • . • • Sulphide ores Minium - ••••• Gibbsite • • • • • Zinc deposits Native lead ••••• Kyanite • • • • Base metal exploration Plumbogummite •••• Aluminium ores .... Copper Plumbojarosite ••••• Alunite • • • • • Blister copper Pyromorphite - Jarosite • • • • • Copper alloys Stolzite e ······ Plumbogummite ...... Brass Wulfenite ...... Plumbojarosite Copper arsenate • •••• Lead mines ..... Bauxite Copper carbonates • •••• Lead ores ...... Bauxite mines Copper chloride •••••• Anglesite e ·····. Bauxitization Copper converters • ••••• Cerussite • • • • Aluminium oxides Copper deposits ...... Galena • • • • Aluminium production Porphyry copper deposits • • • • • Lead oxides e .••• Aluminium refining ...... Red bed copper deposits ...... Minium e 271 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

• . • • • Lead production • • • • • Zinc sulphides ••••••• Tantalite . . • • • Lead refining .•• Bismuth • • • • Niobium isotopes • • • • . • Cupellation • • . • Bismuth isotopes • • • Precious metals • • • • • • • Gold recovery • • • • Bismuth minerals •••• Gold • . . • • • • Silver recovery • • • • • Bismuthinite ••••• Gold alloys • • • • . • Desilverizing ••••• Bismutite Electrum • . • • • Lead resources •••• Maldonite Gold fineness • • • • • • Lead reserves ••• Boron Maldonite • • • • • Lead smelting • • • • Boron isotopes Porpezite .••••• Lead matte ••• Cadmium White gold •••••• Speiss • • • • Cadmium isotopes ••••• Gold bullion . • • • • Lead sulphate ••• Chromium • • • • • Gold compounds • • . • • Lead sulphides • • • • Chromium deposits • • • • • • Gold tellurides ••••• Native lead • • • • Chromium isotopes • • • • • Gold currency ••.. Nickel •••• Chromium minerals • • • • • Gold deposits • • • . • Nickel converters •.••• Chromite Carlin type deposits • • • • • Nickel deposits ••• Cobalt • • • . . . Gold placer deposits • . • • • • Lateritic nickel deposits • • • • Cobalt deposits • • • • • • Lateritic gold deposits • • • • • Nickel isotopes • • • • Cobalt isotopes • • • • • • Thermal aureole gold • • . . • Nickel minerals • • • • Cobalt minerals Gold dredging Annabergite Cobaltite Gold exploration Chloanthite ••••• Erythrite Gold isotopes Gamierite ••••• Linnaeite Gold minerals . Gersdorffite • • • • • • Polydymite Gold mines Linnaeite ••••• Smaltite Gold ores • • • . • • • Polydymite ••• Gallium Cal a verite Millerite • • • • Gallium isotopes • • • • • • Lateritic gold ores Niccolite ••• Hafnium • • • • • • Refractory gold ores Pentlandite • • • • Hafnium isotopes Gold prices Ullmannite ••• Indium Gold production Violante • • • • Indium isotopes Gold refining Zaratite ••• Manganese Gold reserves • • • • • Nickel mines • • • • Manganese deposits Gold resources • • . • • Nickel ores • • • • • Manganese nodules • • • • • • Gold reserves • • • • • • Annabergite • • • • Manganese isotopes • • • • • Native gold • • • • • • Lateritic nickel ores • • • • Manganese minerals •••••• Nugget • • • • . • Pentlandite Bog manganese • • • • Platinum group elements Nickel oxides Braunite ••••• Iridium • • • • • Nickel production Bustamite • • • • • • Iridium isotopes • • • • • Nickel refining Manganite •••••• lridosmine . . • • • • Sherritt process Psilomelane ••••• Osmiridium • • • • • Nickel reserves Pyrolusite .•••• Osmium • • • • • Nickel resources Rhodochrosite •••••• lridosmine • • • • • • Nickel reserves Rhodonite • • • • • • Osmium isotopes • • • • • Nickel smelting Sturtite ••••• Palladium • • • • • • Nickel matte Todorokite • • • • • • Palladium isotopes • • • • • Nickel sulphides • • • • Manganese ores •••••• Porpezite •••• Zinc • • . . Manganese oxides ••••• Platinum Hemimorphite • • • • • Bog manganese Native platinum .•••• Zinc alloys • • • • • Psilomelane Platinum deposits • • • • • Zinc deposits • • • Mercury (metal) Platinum isotopes • • • • • Zinc isotopes • • • • Mercury amalgam Platinum minerals • • • • • Zinc minerals • • • • Mercury deposits • • • • • • • Native platinum Calamine • • • • Mercury isotopes ••••••• Sperrylite Franklinite • • • • Mercury minerals ••••• Rhodium Goslarite Cinnabar • • • • • • Rhodium isotopes Smithsonite • . • • • Coloradoite •..•• Ruthenium Sphalerite • • • • • Native mercury • • • • • • Ruthenium isotopes Willemite • • • • Native mercury • • • • Precious metal ores Zincite • • • Molybdenum •••. Silver Zinc mines • . . • Molybdenum deposits Native silver Zinc ores • • • • Molybdenum isotopes Silver alloys Zinc production •••• Molybdenum minerals Silver deposits Zinc refining • • • . • Molybdenite Silver halides Zinc reserves • • • • • • Ferrimolybdite Silver isotopes • • • • . Zinc resources ••• Niobium Silver minerals • • • • • • Zinc reserves •••• Columbite Argentite • • • • • Zinc silicate ••••• Tantalum Cerargyrite • • • • • Zinc smelting Tantalum isotopes Dyscrasite • • • • • Zinc sulphate •••••• Tantalum minerals Embolite

~~272 Hierarchical Listing~~

Native silver ...• Native tin •...• Vanadinite Pyrargyrite •••• Tin alloys ••••. Zeunerite Stromeyerite ••••• Brass • • • • Uranium mines . . . . . Silver mines • • • • Tin deposits • • . • Uranium ores ••••• Silver ores . • . . . Tin placer deposits ••••• Coffinite • . • • • • Sternbergite • • • • Tin isotopes • • • • Uranium oxide Silver production • • • . Tin minerals .•••• Yellowcake Silver refining Cassiterite • • • . Uranium policy Silver reserves ••••• Native tin • . . . Uranium production Silver resources •••.• Stannite • • . • Uranium reserves • • . • • • Silver reserves •••• Tin mines • • • • Uranium resources . • • Rare earth elements •••• Tin ores • • • • • Uranium reserves •••• Cerium • • • • • Cassiterite ••• Vanadium •.••• Allanite • • • • Tin production •••• Vanadium deposits • • • • • Cerium isotopes • • • • Tin refining •••• Vanadium isotopes • • • • Dysprosium • • • • Tin reserves •••• Vanadium minerals .••• Erbium • • • • Tin resources • • . • • Vanadinite • • • • • Erbium isotopes • • • • • Tin reserves • • Sponge metal •••• Europium • • • • Tin smelting • Organic material • • • • • Europium isotopes ••• Titanium •• Alcohols •••• Gadolinium • • • • Titanium isotopes •• Lignin • • • • • Gadolinium isotopes • • • • Titanium minerals Raw materials •.•. Holmium ••••• Ilmenite • Strategic materials • • • • • Holmium isotopes Ilmenite sands • Wear (materials) •••• Lanthanum • • • • • • Picroilmenite •• Abrasion • • • • • Lanthanum isotopes • • • • • • Pseudorutile • • • Sand blasting •••• Lutetium Leucoxene •• Abrasives • . • • • Lutetium isotopes • • • • • Perovskite •••• Neodymium ••••• Rutile Materials handling • • • • • Neodymium isotopes • • • • • • Rutile sands • Bulk handling • . . • Praseodymium • • • • • • Synthetic rutile • • Containerization • • • • • Praseodymium isotopes ••••• Sphene Coal handling . • • • Promethium • • • • Titanium oxides • Extruding •••• Samarium ••• Tungsten • Filling • • • • • Samarium isotopes •••• Tungsten carbides Earth filling •••• Scandium . • • • Tungsten compounds •• Land filling • • • • • Scandium isotopes • . • • Tungsten deposits •• Mine filling •••• Terbium • . • • Tungsten isotopes Cemented filling ••••• Terbium isotopes • • • • Tungsten minerals Hydraulic filling •••• Thorium Scheelite ••• Paste filling • • • • • Thorium isotopes Stolzite • • • Pneumatic filling • • • • • Thorium minerals Tungstenite ••• Rock filling •••••• Cheralite Tungstic ochre •• Paste filling •••••• Monazite •.••• Wolfram • Materials handling equipment • • • • • • • Monazite sands ••••• Wolframite Bottom dumpers Thorianite •••••• Hubnerite .• Chutes •••••• Thorite •••• Tungsten mines •. Conveyors • • • • • • Thorogummite •.• Uranium • • • Belt conveyors •••• Thulium • . • • Uranium deposits • • • • Cable belt conveyors • • • • • Thulium isotopes • . • • Uranium enrichment • • • • High angle conveyors •••• Ytterbium • • • • • Centrifugal process (uranium) Chain conveyors • • • • • Ytterbium isotopes • • • • • Diffusion process (uranium) Hydraulic conveyors •••• Yttrium • • • • • Nozzel process (uranium) Oscillating conveyors . . • • • Yttrium isotopes • • • • Uranium fuel cycle Pneumatic conveyors • • • • • Yttrium minerals • . . . Uranium hexafluoride Screw conveyors •••••• Xenotime • • • • Uranium isotopes Feeders ••• Rhenium ••••• Plutonium Loaders • • • • Rhenium isotopes • • • • • • Plutonium isotopes Side dumpers ••• Tantalum • . • • Uranium minerals Tipplers •••• Tantalum isotopes ••••• Autunite Packaging •••• Tantalum minerals •••••• Saleeite Reclaiming ••••• Tantalite Brannerite Safe handling ••• Tellurium Carnotite Stacking •••• Tellurium isotopes Davidite Stockpiling •••• Tellurium minerals Gummite Storage • • • • • Gold tellurides Thorianite • • Containers • • • • • Tetradymite Thucholite Bins ••• Thallium Torbemite •.• Hoppers • • • • Thallium isotopes Uraninite ••• Silos ••• Tin Uranophane • • Fuel storage

~~273 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

• • • Coal storage • • • • Vat leaching • Foundry practice • • • Gas storage Liquid liquid separation •• Casting • • • • Gas distribution Percolation (hydrometallurgy) • • • Continuous casting ••• Oil storage • • • Resin in pulp process ••• Green strength •.. Tank farms • • • Solvent extraction • Heat treatment Stacking • • • • lon exchange • • Decrepitation •• Stockpiling • • • . . lon exchangers • Microwave methods . • Storage tanks • • . • • Zeolite process • Physical metallurgy ••• Tank farms • • Jarosite process • • Hardening (materials) • • Underground storage • • Pyrometallurgy • • Metallography • • • Gas injection •• Recrystallization (metals) Metallurgy • • • Pyrometallurgical equipment . Powder metallurgy • Alloys •••• KetUes . Vacuum metallurgy • • Alloy steels ••• Roasting Chromium steel •••• Roasters Models lnvar • • • Segregation process Earth models • • • Manganese steel ••• Sintering Four dimensional models • • • Nickel steel • • • • Sinter (material) Geological models • • • Stainless steel • • • • Sintering furnaces Philosophical models • • Copper alloys •••• Smelting Physical models •.• Brass ••••• Aluminium smelting • • Mine models • . Gold alloys • • • • • • Bayer process • • Relief models Electrum • • • • • Autogenous smelting • Simulation Gold fineness • • • • • Copper smelting . . Computer modelling Maldonite • • • • • • Copper matte • • Computer simulation Porpezite Electric smelting • . • Analogue simulation White gold Flash smelting • • • Digital simulation •• Iron alloys Imperial smelting process Data modelling Ferrochrome Iron smelting Electrical models Ferromanganese Lead smelting Geophysical models Ferrosilicon •••••• Lead matte Mathematical models Ferrotungsten •••••• Speiss Three dimensional models Steel • • • • • Nickel smelting Two dimensional models • • • • Alloy steels • • • • • • Nickel matte Type curve Chromium steel •.••• Sirosmelt lnvar •••••• lsasmelt Monitoring Manganese steel ••••• Slags • Condition monitoring Nickel steel • • • • • • Slags retreatment • Tracers Stainless steel ••••• Smelters • • • • Galvanized steel • • • • • Tin smelting Natural hazards • • Lead alloys ••• Smelting • Earthquakes • • Selenium alloys •.•• Aluminium smelting • • Aftershock • • Silver alloys ••.•• Bayer process Deep focus earthquakes •• Solder • • • • Autogenous smelting Earth tremors •• Tin alloys • • • • Copper smelting Earthquake duration ••• Brass • • • • • Copper matte Earthquake effects •• Zinc alloys • • • • Electric smelting Earthquake engineering • Extractive metallurgy • • • • Flash smelting Earthquake lights • • Chemical extraction Imperial smelting process Earthquake magnitude • • • Chemical precipitation •••• Iron smelting • • • Richter scale • • Electrometallurgy • . . • Lead smelting • • Earthquake prediction ••• Electrophoresis ••••• Lead matte • • • Earthquake warning systems • . • Electrowinning ••••• Speiss Earthquake zones • • Extractive metallurgy equipment . • • • Nickel smelting Foreshock • • • Chemical reactors . • • • • Nickel matte Intermediate focus earthquakes • • Hydrometallurgy ••.• Sirosmelt lnterplate earthquakes Amalgamation ••.•• lsasmelt Intraplate earthquakes Carbon in leach process •••• Slags Seismic epicentre Carbon in pulp process • • • • • Slags retreatrnent Seismic intensity Cementation process •••• Smelters • • • Mercalli scale Cyanidation ••.. Tin smelting Seismic noise Dezincing •• Retorting • • Shallow focus earthquakes Leaching • . Slags retreatrnent • • Submarine earthquakes • • • • Acid leaching • • Vapour metallurgy • Fires • • • • Alkali leaching Chlorination Bush fires • • • • • Ammoniacal leaching Dechlorination • • Fire protection • • • • Bacterial leaching Fuming • • Forest fires • • • • Column leaching Vapourization •• Mine fires • • • • Heap leaching •••• Condensing •. Wildfires • • • • Pressure leaching • • • • Sublimation • Floods

274 e e Hierarchical Listing e • • Flood control •.•• Gross oil reserves Nomenclature .•• Flood dams . • • • Recoverable oil reserves CIPW classification . Landslides • • Petroleum reserves Dictionaries •• Avalanches • • • Natural gas reserves Gazetteers e .• Soil creep Gross gas reserves Geographic names . Storms • • • • Natural gas liquid reserves Glossaries . . Tropical cyclones • • • • Recoverable gas reserves Structural nomenclature • Tsunamis • • • Oil reserves e • • . . Gross oil reserves Physical processes Natural resources • • • • Recoverable oil reserves • Blasting • Coal resources . • • Petroleum reserve estimation • • Blasting design • . Coal reserves • • Petroleum systems • • • Presplitting e • • . Coal reserve estimation • Reserves ••• Tunnel blast • Energy resources • • Coal reserves . . Blasting methods . Mineral resources • • . Coal reserve estimation • . • Smooth blasting • • Aluminium resources • • Ore reserves • • Blasting vibration e • • • Aluminium reserves Aluminium reserves . • . Shock waves • • Copper resources Copper reserves • • Detonation • • • Copper reserves Gold reserves • . . Detonators • • Gold resources Industrial mineral reserves • • • • Nonelectrical detonators e • • • Gold reserves Iron reserves • • • Electrical detonation • • Indicated mineral resources Lead reserves • • Explosion effects • • Industrial mineral resources Nickel reserves • . Explosions • • • Industrial mineral reserves Ore reserve estimation Dust explosions e • • Inferred mineral resources Probable ore reserves • • • Explosion effects •• Iron resources Proved ore reserves • • • Explosives ••• Iron reserves Silver reserves •••• Anfo • • Lead resources Tin reserves Blasting gelatins • • • Lead reserves Uranium reserves Boosters Measured mineral resources Zinc reserves Dynamite - • • Mineral resource maps • • Petroleum reserves Gelignite e •• Nickel resources • • • Natural gas reserves Nitroglycerine • • • Nickel reserves Gross gas reserves Shaped charges • • Offshore mineral resources • • • • Natural gas liquid reserves Slurry explosives • • Ore reserves • • • • Recoverable gas reserves • • • Underground explosions Aluminium reserves . • • Oil reserves • • • • Coal outbursts Copper reserves • • • • Gross oil reserves • • Explosives Gold reserves • • • • Recoverable oil reserves Anfo - Industrial mineral reserves . • • Petroleum reserve estimation Blasting gelatins e Iron reserves • • Recoverable reserves Boosters Lead reserves • • . Recoverable gas reserves Dynamite Nickel reserves • • • Recoverable oil reserves Gelignite Ore reserve estimation Resource assessment Nitroglycerine e Probable ore reserves Resource development Shaped charges Proved ore reserves Resource economics Slurry explosives Silver reserves Resource maps Flyrock Tin reserves Coal resource maps Fuses e Uranium reserves Mineral resource maps Misfires Zinc reserves Petroleum resource maps Rock fragmentation • • Silver resources Water resource maps Secondary blasting • • • Silver reserves • Water resources • • • Secondary breaking e • . Tin resources Ground water resources •••• Drop ball • • • Tin reserves • • Water budget •• Underwater blasting • • Zinc resources . • Water management Compression • • • Zinc reserves • • . Ground water management • Desiccation e • Onshore resources • • • • Ground water depletion • Diffusion • • Onshore mineral resources • • • • • Ground water mining •• Osmosis • • Onshore petroleum resources • • • • • Salt water encroachment Electroosmosis • Petroleum resources • • • • • • Salt water front • • • Osmotic pressure • • Natural gas resources • • • • Ground water pollution • • • Reverse osmosis • • • Natural gas reserves • • • • Ground water withdrawal • Dispersions - Gross gas reserves • • • • • Cone of depression •• Aerosols e • • • • Natural gas liquid reserves ••••• Drawdown •• Emulsions • • • • Recoverable gas reserves •••• Safe yield • Distillation • • Offshore petroleum resources • • • • • Specific yield • Drilling •• Offshore resources ••• Irrigation Air core drilling e • • • Offshore mineral resources • • Water resource maps Air drilling • • • Offshore petroleum resources Auger drilling • • Oil resources Core drilling e • • • Oil reserves . • . Continuous coring e 275 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

• . . Core recovery ••••• Reamers • • • RAB drilling • • • Coring equipment • • . • • Rotary drill bits • • • Rotary drills • • • • Core barrels Diamond bits • • • • Rotary drilling tables • • . . • Rotary core barrel •••••• Drag bits • • • • Shothole drill • • • • • Rubber sleeve core barrel •••••• Roller bits • • • Rotary percussion drilling • • • • • Sidewall core barrel • • . • . Tungsten carbide bits Shallow depth • • • • • Wire line core barrel •••• Drill collars •• Shot drilling •••• Coring bits ••.• Drill pipe • • Slim hole drilling •• Deep drilling ••.• Drill steels • • Sonic drilling • • Deep sea drilling ••.• Drill stems •• Spudding ••• Joides • • • • Drilling cable Stratigraphic drilling • • Diamond drilling •••• Kelly • • Thermal drilling • • • Diamond drills •..• Weight indicators • • Turbine drilling • • Directional drilling • • • Hydraulic drills • • Under balanced drilling Hole deviation • • • Percussion drills •• Vacuum drilling • • • Horizontal drilling • • • • Cable tool drills •• Well drilling • • • Measurement while drilling • • • • Hydraulic drills • • • Sidetracked hole ••• Whipstock • • • • Percussion drill bits • • • Well completion . • Drill cuttings • • • • • Cable tool bits • • • • Multiple completion • • • Drill cuttings analysis • • • • Pneumatic drills • • • • Offshore completion • • • Drill cuttings sampling • • • • • Down hole drills • • • • • Subsea completion •• Drill holes • • • • • • Turbine drills • • . • . Underwater completion • • • Drill hole data • • • • • Hammer drills • • • • Open hole completion •.. Slim holes ••••• Rock drills • • • • Perforating • • • • Slim hole completion • • • Rotary drills • • • • Sand control • • • Uncased drill holes • • • • Rotary drilling tables • • • • • Gravel packing •• Drill ships • • • • Shothole drill • • . • • Sand screens • • Drilling fluids • • • Turbine drills •••• Slim hole completion ••• Drilling muds Dry drilling • • • • Underwater completion • • • • Gas cut muds Fishing (drilling) • • • • Well abandonment • • • • Low density muds Gas drilling ••••• Plugging • • • • Low fluid loss muds Hole straightening •••• Well casing • • • • Mud additives Hydraulic drilling • • • • • Casing tools •••• Mud cake • • • Hydraulic drills •••• Well cementing •••• Mud column In seam drilling • • • • Well completion report • • • • Mud filtrates Jet cutting • • • Well control • • • • Mud properties Large diameter drilling • • • • Blowout prevention • • • • • Mud conditioning Offshore drilling • • • • Mudding off • • • • Mud systems Percussion drilling • • Wire line drilling • • • • • Mud circulation • • • Gable tool drilling . Evaporation • • • • • • Lost circulation • • • • Cable tool drills • • Evaporation control • • • • • Sludge pits • • • Hydraulic drilling • • Evapotranspiration •••• Oil base muds • • . • Hydraulic drills • Filtration • • • • • Synthetic oil base muds • • • Percussion drills • • Air filtration •••• Oil cut muds • • . • Cable tool drills • • Biofiltration • • . • Water base muds • • • • Hydraulic drills •• Dialysis . • Drilling problems • • • • Percussion drill bits ••• Dialyzers • • • Borehole breakout • • • • • Gable tool bits •• Filter cake • • Drilling rate • • • • Pneumatic drills •• Filters •• Drills • • . • • Down hole drills Dust filters • • • Diamond drills • • . • • • Turbine drills Gas filters • • • Drilling equipment • • . • • Hammer drills Oil filters • • • • Borehole periscopes ••••• Rock drills Sand filters • • • • Coiled tubing • • . Pneumatic drilling • • Fluid filters • • • • Coring equipment • • . • Down hole drilling • Pumping • • • • • Core barrels • • • • Hammer drilling •• Airlift Rotary core barrel • • • • • Hammer drills Pump drainage Rubber sleeve core barrel • • • • Pneumatic drills • • Pumping stations Sidewall core barrel • • • • • Down hole drills •• Pumps Wire line core barrel • • • • • • Turbine drills Beam pumps ••••• Coring bits • • . • • Hammer drills Diaphragm pumps •.•. Draw works ••••• Rock drills Sand pumps •••• Drill bits • • . Rotary percussion drilling Slurry pumps Coring bits •• RC drilling Submersible pumps Diamond bits •• Reaming Sucker rod pumps Drag bits ••• Reamers Turbine pumps Percussion drill bits • • Rock drilling • • • • Draft tube circulation • • • • • • Cable tool bits ••. Jumbos • • • Vacuum pumps • • • • • Percussion tool bits • • • Longhole drilling ••• Well pumps • • • • • • Cable tool bits • • Rotary drilling •• Siphoning

276 e e Hierarchical Listing e • Sampling • • Size classifiers • Elasticity Air sampling • • • Bowl classifiers • . Hysteresis Bottom sampling ••• Centrifugal separators • Formability Bulk sampling • • • • Cyclone separators • Fracture properties e Core sampling . • • • • Hydrocyclones .. Fracture strength • • • Core photography • • • • Spiral separators Friability • • • • Core photographs Clarifiers • Fusibility • • . Core samples Cone classifiers • Hardness e ••• Drill core Deslimers • • Hardness tests • • • • Core orientation Drag classifiers • . . Brinell hardness • • • • Core storage Grizzlies ••. Mohs scale ..... Core box Rake classifiers • Heat e • . • • Drill core analysis Sedimentation ponds • . Calorimetry • . • Drill core sampling Sedimentation tanks • • • Calorific value Drill cuttings sampling • • • • Suspensions • • • Calorimeter e Dust sampling ..... Slurries Heat balance Gas sampling • • • • • . Slurry transportation Heat capacity Geochemical sampling Hydraulic conveyors Heat of combustion Air sampling (geochemistry) . • • • • • • Slurry pipelines Heat of crystallization BLEG sampling • • • • • • • Slurry pumping Heat of reaction Bottom hole sampling . . . • • • • • Slurry pumps • • • Endothermic reactions Gossan sampling ••• Sizing screens • • . Exothermic reactions - Lag sampling ••• Slime tanks Heat recovery Pisolite sampling ••• Thickeners (equipment) Heat transfer Rock chip sampling Size distribution Latent heat Soil gas sampling • • Size screening Radiant heat - Soil sampling • • Thickening • • . Radiant heating Stream sampling ••• Thickeners (equipment) • • Solar heating Stream sediment sampling • Strain • • Temperature • • • • Freeze sampling •• Extension • • . Temperature control - • • Grab sampling • Stress • • • Thermometry • • • Grab samples Compressive strength Heterogeneity Heavy mineral sampling Normal stress Homogeneity Lake sediment sampling Stress field Isotropy - Mine sampling Stress measurement Machinability e MMI technique Elastic theory Magnetism Ore sampling Mohr circles • • Demagnetisation Random sampling Overcoring • • Electromagnetism Sample preparation Strain gauges • • • Electromagnetic waves e • • • Sample splitting • • • • Microwaves • • Sampling equipment Physical properties • • • • Polarized light • • • Shale shaker • Abrasiveness • • • Field strength Sampling methods • Acoustics • • Magnetic fields e Sampling theory • • Acoustic emission Dipole field Sidewall sampling • • Acoustic properties • • • Galvanometers Tailings sampling • • • Acoustic emission • • • Magnetic field intensity Water sampling • • Acoustic waves • • • • Induced magnetism e • • • Ground water sampling Anisotropy • . • • Remanent magnetism • • • Nansen bottle Bearing capacity •••• TMI maps • • • Water samples Bloating • • Magnetic poles • Size classification Boiling point . • Magnetic properties e . • Centrifugal separation Bonding strength Hysteresis • • • Centrifugal separators Brittleness • • • Magnetic anisotropy • • • • Cyclone separators Cohesion • • • Magnetic susceptibility e •.••• Hydrocyclones Colour • • • Remanent magnetism •••• Spiral separators Compactibility • Melting point • • • Cyclone separation Compressive strength • Optical properties • • • • Cyclone separators Density • • Pleochroism • • • • • Hydrocyclones • • API gravity Polarized light e • • • . Hydrocyclone separation • Ductility • • Reflectivity ••••• Hydrocyclones •• Ductility tests • • Refractivity • • • Spiral separation • • Elasticity • • • Refractive index e • . • • Spiral separators • • • Hysteresis • • • • Refractive index liquid • • Clarification • • Seismic waves Penetration resistance ••• Clarifiers Primary waves • Permeability • • • Grit removal Seismic anisotropy • Phase equilibria e Desanding Shear wave splitting • • Cooling curves •• Desliming Shear waves •• Eutectics • • Elutriation Surface waves • • • Solid solutions e • • Grain size analysis Transformed waves • • Gaseous phases e 277 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

Liquid phases • • Urbanization Publishing Phase diagrams • • • Urban planning Photocopying Phase rule • • • • Residential subdivisions Popular presentation • • Phase transformations • Manpower planning Printing • • Solid phases • Mine planning Reports • Physical tests • • Mine evaluation Annual reports Bitumen stripping test • • . Ore depth estimation Drillers reports Compression tests • • Mine models Expert reports Ductility tests • . Mine surveying Operations reports Dynamic tests ••. Mine maps Progress reports Hardness tests • • . Shaft surveying Technical reports • • . Brinell hardness Prediction Tour reports ••• Mohs scale Reconnaissance • Reviews Impact tests Rural planning Book reviews • • Los Angeles test Strategic planning Literature reviews •• Tension tests Urban planning Regional reviews •• Wear tests • . Residential subdivisions World reviews • Plastic properties Serials • • Plastic limit Policy • Technical writing • Porosity • Government policy • Theses •• Pore space • • Deregulation •• Voids • • Energy policy Research and development ••• Void ratio ••• Coal policy Mineral research • Pressure • • • Petroleum policy Mining research •• Hydrostatic pressure • • • • Petroleum legislation Petroleum research • • • Artesian pressure • • • Uranium policy Space research • • • Water pressure test • • Government participation Pore pressure •• Land rights Safety Pressure gradient • • • Aboriginal land rights • Accidents Pressure measurement •••• Native title • • Accident prevention Soil pressure • • . Land access Flame retardants Wind pressure • • Legislation • Industrial safety Saturation Copyright • Mine safety • Sectility Environmental legislation Mine fires • Shear properties Law of the sea Mine rescue Riedel shear Legal case notes Mine seals • • Shear planes Mining legislation Outburst prevention • • Shear strength Nuclear regulation Refuge chambers • Solid to liquid ratio Petroleum legislation Safety lamps • Sorption Tenements • • Wire netting • • Absorption •••• Cash bidding • Nuclear reactor safety Absorbents •••• Licences . Public health .•• Absorbers • • • • • Acquisitions • • Industrial health ••• Degassers • • • • • • Due diligence carcinogens •• Desorption ••••••• Information disclosure Health physics Striations • • • • • Exploration licences Lead poisoning Surface tension ••••• Mergers Radiation hazards Thixotropy • • • • • • Due diligence •••• Fallout Toughness • • • • • • • Information disclosure • • • Radiobiology Turbidity • • • • • Mining leases • • • Respiratory diseases Viscosity • • . • • Petroleum leases • • • • Asbestosis Wear ••.• Tenement maps • • • • Pneumoconiosis • • Wear resistance • • Mineral policy ••••• Silicosis •• Wear tests • . . Mineral rights • • Road safety • Wettability • • • Mining legislation . Radiation protection •• Wetting Mining policy • • Radioprotective agents • Yield strength Nuclear debate • • Radon protection • • Privatization Road safety Planning •• Royalties • Safety code • Land use planning • • Science policy • Safety devices • • Multiple land use Sovereign risk • • Respirators • • Reclamation •• Tariffs • Safety engineering • • • Land reclamation •• Taxation • • Explosion barriers •••• Land filling Carbon tax • Safety factor • • • . Mine rehabilitation • • • Resource rent tax • Safety training • • • • • Quarry rehabilitation ••• Stamp duty •• Alcohol • • • . . Revegetation • • Water rights •• Drugs • • • • • • Hydromulching • Warning systems • • • • Quarry rehabilitation • • Resource sterilization

278 e e Hierarchical Listing e Science .•••• Algae •••••• Fulgurites • Forensic science •••••• Sapropel • • • • • Meteorological instruments •. Toxicology • • • • • • • Coorongite Anemometers • Natural science ..• Palynology Barometers e • . Agriculture •••• Pollen • • • • . • Evaporimeters Agronomy . • • • • Pollen analysis •••••• Lysimeters • • • Arable land . • • • • Pollen diagram • • • • • • Rain gauges ••• Fertilizers ••• Vegetation • • • • • Meteorological stations e . . • • Superphosphate • • • . Chlorophyll • • • • • Precipitation (meteorology) •••• Urea • • • • Ground cover • • • • • • Cloud seeding • • • Pastoralism • • • • Revegetation .•••.. Rainfall •• Astronomy • . • • • Hydromulching .•..•. Snow e Eclipse •••• Sea weed • • • • • Rain shadow • • • Extraterrestrial atmospheres •.•• Seeds ..•.. Weather • • • Extraterrestrial satellites • • • • . Seed collecting •••••• Monsoon e •.•• Moon • • • • • Seed germination ••.•.. Storms Lunar atmosphere • • • • • Seed storage ••••••• Tropical cyclones • • • • • Lunar environment •• Cosmology ..••• Wind . . • • • Lunar geology Age of the universe • • • • Microclimatology e Lunar craters ..• Pulsars • • • • Palaeoclimatology Lunar crust ••• Stars • • • • • Palaeotemperature Lunar dust •••• Nebula • • • • Seasonal variation Lunar rock • • • Steady state theory ..• Geobotany Lunar structure ••• Universe • • • • Geobotanical exploration • • • • • Lunar photography . • • • Expanding universe ..••• Indicator plants • • • • • Lunar topography • • • • Origin of the universe • • • Geophysics - •••••• Mare • • • • • Big bang theory Engineering geophysics • • • • • Origin of the moon • • Crystallography • • • • Geophysical equipment Galaxy ••• Crystal growth • • • • Geophysical interpretation Milky Way •••• Twinning • • • • • Electrical survey interpretation - • • • Nebular hypothesis • • • Crystal structure •••••• EM interpretation • • • Radio astronomy • • • • Crystal lattice • • • • • • IP interpretation • • • • Extraterrestrial radio waves •••• Dendrite • • • • • Filtering (geophysics) . . • • Radio telescope Inclusion trails • • • • • Geophysical profiles - •• Botany • • • • Isomorphism EM profiles e ••• Flora • • • • Paramorphism Gravity profiles •••• Megaflora • • • • Pseudomorphism IP profiles • • • • Microflora • • • • Water of crystallization Magnetic profiles •••• Weeds • • • Crystal symmetry Radiometric profiles e ••• Forestry •••• Pinacoid Resistivity profiles •••• Dieback • • • Crystal systems Seismic profiles ••• Geobotany • • • • Hexagonal system ••••••• Vertical seismic profiles • • • • Geobotanical exploration • • • • Isometric system Gravity interpretation • • • • • Indicator plants • • • • Monoclinic system Magnetic interpretation . • • Microorganisms • • • • Orthorhombic system • • • • • Radiometric interpretation •••• Algae • • • • Tetragonal system • • • • • Seismic interpretation - ••••• Sapropel • . • • Triclinic system •••••• Direct detection e • • • • • • Coorongite Crystallographic axis • • • • . • • Bright spot detection •••• Bacteria Extinction angle • • • • • • • Flat spot detection • • • • • Sulphur bacteria Habit • • • • • • Multiple reflections • • • • • Therrnophiles Interference figure • . . • • . Reprocessing e •••• Fungi Rietveld method • • • • • • • Post stack reprocessing ••••• Yeast X ray crystallography • • • • • • • Pre stack depth migration • • • • Geomicrobiology • • Earth sciences Seismic discontinuity • • . • Microplankton • • • Climatology Seismic event e • • • • • Dinoflagellates •••• Atmospheric circulation Seismic filtering •••• Spores • • • • Bioclimatology Seismic migration . . . Palaeobotany Climate change Seismic noise Bryophyta Climatic cycles Seismic profiles Cyanophyta Cloud cover • • • • • • • Vertical seismic profiles Fossil resin Continental climate Seismic stacking - Fossil wood Diurnal variation • • • • • • Seismic stratigraphy Pteridophyte · •••• Droughts • • • • • • Seismographs e ••••• Ferns • • • • Global warming • • • • • • • Digital seismographs ••••• Lycopsida • • . • Meteorology • • • • • • • Synthetic seismograms • • • • Spermatophyta Atmospheric pressure Static corrections e . . • • • Angiospermae Convection •••••• Tau p transform • • • • • Gymnospermae Forecasting •••••• Tomography • • • • • • Glossopteris Humidity • • • • • • • Seismic tomography imaging e • • • • Thallophyta Lightning ••••• Type curve e 279 e GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus

• • • • Geophysical methods ••••••• Telluric current methods equipment • • • • • Down hole geophysics • • • • • • Electrode array Time domain . . . . • • Crosshole geophysics • • • • • • • Gradient array • • • • • Geophysical anomalies • • • • • Electrical survey methods • • • • • • • Schlumberger array EM anomalies • • • • • • Direct current methods • • • • • • • Wenner array • • • • • • Geothermal anomalies •••••• EM methods •••••• EM surveys • • • • • • Gravity anomalies • • • • • • . Aerial EM methods • • . • • • • Aerial EM surveys • • • • • • • Free air anomaly • • • • • • • Ground EM methods • • . • • • • • Aerial EM methods • • • • • • • • Free air anomaly maps • • • • • • • • Sirotem methods • • • • • • • • Dighem surveys • • • • • • • Lateral shift •••••••• Turam EM survey methods ••••••• EM maps •••••• IP anomalies • • • • • • • ULF EM methods ••••••• EM methods • • • • • • Magnetic anomalies Impedance methods • • • • • • • • Aerial EM methods • • • • • • • Lateral shift IP methods • • • • • • • • Ground EM methods • • • • • • • Magnetic disturbances Mise a Ia masse methods • • • • • • • • • Sirotem methods Radiometric anomalies Resistivity methods • • • • • • • • • Turam EM survey • • • • • • Radon anomalies SP methods methods • • • • • • SP anomalies Telluric current methods • • • • • • • • ULF EM methods • • • • • Geothermal surveys Geothermal survey methods ••••••• EM profiles • • • • • • Geothermal anomalies Gravity survey methods • • • • • • • EM survey equipment • • • • • • Geothermal survey methods Magnetic survey methods • • • • • • • • Electromagnetometers • • • • • Gravity surveys Radioactivity survey methods • • • • • • • Ground EM surveys Aerial gravity surveys ••••.• Track etch survey methods • • • • • • • • EM sounding • • • . • • Density profile • • • • • Seismic survey methods • • • • • • • • Fixed loop EM surveys • • • • • • Gravity anomalies Deep seismic methods • • • • • • • • Ground EM methods • • • • • • • Free air anomaly In seam seismic methods • • • • • • • • • Sirotem methods • • • • • • • • Free air anomaly maps • • • • • • Marine seismic methods ••••••••• Turam EM survey • • • • . • • Lateral shift • • • • • . Seismic reflection methods methods • • • • • • Gravity corrections ••••••• AVO methods • • • • • • • • Pulse EM surveys Drift correction •••••• Seismic refraction methods •••••••• Sirotem surveys Free air correction • • • • Geophysical models • • • • • • • • • Sirotem methods Isostatic correction • • • • Geophysical surveys • • • • • • • • Slingram EM surveys Latitude correction • • • • • Aerial geophysical surveys • • • • • • • • Turam EM surveys Topographic correction • • • • • • Aerial EM surveys • • • • • • • • UTEM surveys • • • • • • Gravity network ••••••• Aerial EM methods • • • • • • • • VLF EM surveys • • • • • • • Gravity stations • • • • • • • Dighem surveys • • . • . • • Magnetotelluric surveys • • • • • • Gravity survey equipment • • • • • • Aerial gravity surveys • • • • • • • • Afmag surveys • • • • • • • Gravimeters . . • • • • Aerial magnetic surveys • • • • • • • Transient EM surveys • • • • • • • • Gravity gradiometers • • • • • • Aerial radioactivity surveys • • • • • • • • Pulse EM surveys • • • • • • Gravity survey methods • • • • . Base line data • • • • • • • • Sirotem surveys • • • • • • Gravity values • • • • • Electrical surveys • • • • • • • • • Sirotem methods • • • • • • Marine gravity surveys • • • • . • Direct current surveys • • • • • • • • UTEM surveys • • • • • Magnetic surveys Direct current methods • • • • • • Frequency domain Aerial magnetic surveys • • • • • • • Direct current survey • • • • • • Impedance surveys • • • • • • Ground magnetic surveys equipment • • . • • • • Impedance methods • • • • • • Magnetic anomalies • • • • • • Electrical survey equipment ••••••• Impedance survey • • • • • • • Lateral shift Direct current survey equipment • • • • • • • Magnetic disturbances equipment •.••.• IP surveys • • • • • • Magnetic data EM survey equipment Electrical IP surveys • • • • • • Magnetic survey equipment • • • • • • • • Electromagnetometers IP maps • • • • • • • Magnetometers Impedance survey IP methods • • • . • • • • Magnetic gradiometers equipment IP survey equipment • • • • • • • • Nuclear resonance IP survey equipment Magnetic IP surveys magnetometers Resistivity survey equipment • • • • • . Mise a Ia masse surveys • • • • • • • • Proton precession SP survey equipment • • • • • • • Mise a Ia masse methods magnetometers Telluric current survey • • • • • • Resistivity surveys • • • • • • • • Torsion magnetometers equipment Resistivity curves • • • • • • • • Vapour magnetometers • • • • • • Electrical survey methods Resistivity methods .••••••• Vibration magnetometers • • • • • • • Direct current methods Resistivity profiles • • • • • • Magnetic survey methods ••••••. EM methods Resistivity profiling . • • • • • Magnetometer array . • . • • • • • Aerial EM methods Resistivity sounding • • • • • • Marine magnetic surveys • • • • • • • • Ground EM methods Resistivity survey equipment • • • • • Radioactivity surveys • • • • • • • • • Sirotem methods • • • • • • • Schlumberger array Aerial radioactivity surveys • • • • • • • • • Turam EM survey •••••• SP surveys • • • • • • Ground radioactivity surveys methods SP curve • • • • • • Radioactivity survey methods • • • • • • • • ULF EM methods ••••••• SP methods • • • • • • • Track etch survey methods Impedance methods • • • • • • • SP survey equipment • • • • • • Radiometric anomalies IP methods •••••• Telluric current surveys •••••• Track etch surveys Mise a Ia masse methods • • • • • • • Telluric current .•••••• Track etch survey methods Resistivity methods ••••••• Telluric current methods • • • • • Seismic surveys SP methods • • • • • • • Telluric current survey • • • • • • Deep seismic surveys

~~280 Hierarchical Listing~~

• • • • • • . Deep seismic methods • . • • • • Palaeomagnetism • . • . • • • Seismic stacking • • • • • . In seam seismic surveys Geomagnetic latitude • • • • • • • Seismic stratigraphy • • . • • . • In seam seismic methods Geomagnetic longitude • • • • • • • Seismographs • • • • . • Marine seismic surveys • • • . • . • Geomagnetic reversals • • • • • • • • Digital seismographs • • • • • • • Marine seismic methods • • • • • • • Magnetic overprinting • • • • • • • • Synthetic seismograms . . • • • • Reflection (seismic) • . • • • • • Magnetostratigraphy • • • • • • • Static corrections . • • • • • Seismic energy source • . • • • • Secular variation ••••••• Tau p transform • • • • • • • Air gun sound source • • • • • Geothermometry .••.••. Tomography ••••••• Aquapulse • • • • • • Geoisotherm . • • • . • . • Seismic tomography • • • • • • • Directed line source • • • • • • Geothermal heat flow imaging ••••••. Rammers • • • • • . • Geothermal gradients • . . • • • Seismicity ••••••• Shothole • • • • • • • • Thermal conductivity Induced seismicity . • • • • • • • Shothole drill • • • • • • • Geothermal zones • • • • • • • lsoseismal lines • • • • • • • Sparker sound source • • • • • • . • Hot dry rock • • • . • • • Seismic monitoring ••••••. Vibroseis ••••••.. Hot ground • • . . • . • • Radio imaging • • • • • • • Weight dropping • • • • • • • • Hydrothermal fluids • • • • • • • • Seismic detection • • • • • • Seismic line • • • • • • • • • Hydrothermal water • • • • • • • Seismic velocity • . • • • • Seismic reflection surveys •...•••••• Hot springs • • • • • • • • Arrival time • • • • • • . Seismic reflection methods ••••••...•• Geysers • • • • • • . • Attenuation •••••••• AVO methods • • . . • • • • • Submarine hydrothermal Delay time • • • • . • • Synthetic seismograms vents Delta T • • • • • • Seismic refraction surveys • • • • • . Geothermal history First arrival ••••••• Refraction (seismic) • • • • • • Mineral thermometry High velocity layer • . • • • • • Seismic refraction methods • • • • • • • Fluid inclusions Low velocity layer . • • • • • Seismic shooting ••••. Gravity Time break • • • • • • • Correlation shooting . . • • • • Gravitational fields • • • • • • • • Time depth curve ••••••• Shot datum • • • • • • • Gravity gradient • • • . • . • • Time distance curve Seismic spread Isostasy . • • • • • • • Time gradient • • • • • • Seismic survey equipment ••••• Moho •••••••• Time lead • • • • • • Seismic survey methods • • • • • Seismology •••••••• Traveltime Deep seismic methods •••••• Earthquakes • • • • • • • • Velocity profiles In seam seismic methods • • • • • • • Aftershock • • • • • • • Seismic zones Marine seismic methods Deep focus earthquakes • • • • • • • • Earthquake zones Seismic reflection methods Earth tremors • • • • • • • • Seismic risk zones . • • • • • • • AVO methods Earthquake duration • • • • • • • • • Seismic risk • . • • • • • Seismic refraction methods Earthquake effects • • • • • • • Seismometers Seismic traverses Earthquake engineering • • • • • • • Shear waves Three dimensional seismic Earthquake lights • . . . • • • Sonic waves surveys Earthquake magnitude • • • • Spectral analysis Two dimensional seismic • • • • • • • • Richter scale ••• Hydrology surveys • • • • • • • Earthquake prediction •... catchment Well velocity surveys • • • • • • • • Earthquake warning • • • • Density stratification • • • • • • • Shothole velocity surveys systems •••• Floods • • • • Marine geophysics Earthquake zones • . • • • Flood control • • • • Mineral physics Foreshock •.•.•• Flood dams • • • • Palaeogeophysics Intermediate focus • • • • Flow profile • • • • • Palaeomagnetism earthquakes • • • • Hydraulic gradient Geomagnetic latitude lnterplate earthquakes • • • • • Potentiometric surface Geomagnetic longitude Intraplate earthquakes • • • . Hydrogeology • • • • • • Geomagnetic reversals Seismic epicentre • • • • • Ground water • • • • • • Magnetic overprinting Seismic intensity • • . • • • Aquicludes • • • • • • Magnetostratigraphy • • • • • . • • Mercalli scale ••••••• Aquitards • • • • Regional geophysics Seismic noise •••••• Aquifers • • . • Rock geophysics • • • • • • • Shallow focus earthquakes • • • • • • • Aquifer properties • • • • . Petrophysics . • • • • • • Submarine earthquakes • • • • • • • • Hydraulic conductivity . • • • Solid earth geophysics • • • • • • Seismic interpretation • • • • • • • • Transmissivity Earth pressure • • • • • • • Direct detection • • • • • • • Artesian aquifers • • • • • Geobarometry • . • . . . • • Bright spot detection Confining beds • • • • • Geomagnetism • • • • • • • • Flat spot detection Fractured rock aquifers Geomagnetic axis • • • • • • . Multiple reflections Leaky aquifers Geomagnetic equator • • • • • • • Reprocessing Unconfined aquifers Geomagnetic fields • • • • • • • . Post stack reprocessing • • • • • • Artesian water Geomagnetic poles • • • • • • • • Pre stack depth migration • • • • • • • Artesian wells • • • • • • • Polar migration Seismic discontinuity • • • • • • • • Artesian discharge • • • • • • Geomagnetic stations Seismic event Baseflow • • • • • • Geomagnetic variation Seismic filtering Connate water ••••••• Micropulsations Seismic migration Convection Magnetic declination Seismic noise Formation water Magnetohydrodynamics Seismic profiles ••••••• Pore water Magnetosphere •••••••• Vertical seismic profiles • • • • • • Ground water basins

~~281 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

• • • • • • • Artesian basins • • . • • Oblique aerial photography • • • • • Thennal infrared imagery • • • • • • Ground water discharge • • • . • Photointerpretation ... Rheology ••••••• Baseflow • • • . . • Photogeology • • . • Flow texture ••••••• Springs • • • • • • • Photogeological maps • • • • Rheological properties • • • • • • . . Fissure springs Photomosaics . • Environmental science •••••••• Hot springs • • • • . Trimetrogon aerial photography • • • Conservation .•••••••• Geysers • • • • • Vertical aerial photography • • • • Energy conservation • • • • • • • . Mineral springs •••• Imagery • . • . . Waste energy • • • • . • • . Mound springs • • • • • Image interpretation • • • • Mineral conservation •••••••• Seepage •••••• Tomography • • • • Soil conservation • • • • • • Ground water level • • • • • • • Seismic tomography imaging • • • • Water conservation • • • • • • • Water table • • . • • Multispectral imagery ••• Ecology . • • • • • Ground water management • • • • • • Aerial multispectral scanning • • • • Biodiversity • • • • • • • Ground water depletion • • • • • Photography •••• Biota • • • • • • • • Ground water mining • • • • • • Aerial photography • • • • • Riparian zone . • • • • • • • Salt water encroachment • • • • • • • Aerial photographs ••••• Termite mounds • • • • • • . . • Salt water front Black and white aerial ••••• Wetlands • • • • • • • Ground water pollution photography ....•• Swamps . • • • • • • Ground water withdrawal Colour aerial photography ••••••• Mangroves • • • • • • • • Cone of depression Flight line . • . • Demography •••.•••• Drawdown Infrared aerial photography • • • • • Living standards ••••••• Safe yield Multiband aerial ••••• Population • • • • • • • • Specific yield photography • • • • Environmental protection • • • • • • Ground water movement Oblique aerial photography Coastal management • • • • • • • Flow measurement (ground • • • • • • • Photointerpretation • • • • • Cover systems water) • • • • • • • • Photogeology • • • • • Environmental impact • • • • • • Ground water province • • • • • • • • • Photogeological maps • • • • • • Anthropogenic factor • • • • • • Ground water quality • • • • • • • Photomosaics • • • • • • Environmental impact surveys • • • • • • Ground water recharge ••••••• Trimetrogon aerial • • • • • • • Base line data • • • • • • • Artificial ground water photography • • • • • Environmental legislation recharge • • • • • • • Vertical aerial photography • • • • • Environmental management • • • • • • • • Recharge wells Colour photography • • • • • • Air quality • • • • • • • Ground water intake beds Films (cinematography) • • • • • • • Air pollution • • • • • • • Recharge area Focal depth •••••••• Acid rain Ground water resources Focal length • • • • • • • • Air pollution control . . • • • • Ground water sampling Infrared photography • • • • • • • • • Smoke abatement • • • • • • Ground water sources Lunar photography ••••••••• Water mist • • • • • • Ground water surveys Photographic equipment • • • • • • • • Airborne wastes • • • • • • • Salinity surveys ••••••• Cameras • • • • • • • • • Waste gases • • • • • • • Water divining • • • • • • • • Borehole cameras • • • • • • • • Emissions trading • • • • • • • Well location surveys • • • • • • • • • Borehole television • • • • • • • • Greenhouse gases Perched ground water cameras • • • • • • • • • Emissions trading Underflow • • • • • • • • • Cartographic cameras •••••••• Smog Underground streams • • • • • • • • • Stereoscopic cameras •••••••• Smoke Water wells • • • • • • • • • Underwater cameras • • • • • • • • • Smoke abatement • • • • • . • Artesian wells • • • • • • • Infrared filters •••••• Cooling • • • • • • • • Artesian discharge Photographic materials ••••••• Air cooling • • • • • . • Subartesian wells • • • • . • Photomicrography • • • • • • • Condensers (liquefiers) • • • • Hydrologic cycle • • . • • • Stereophotography • • • • • • • Cooling systems Hydrological data • • . • • • Underwater photography • • • • • • • • Air conditioning • • • • Infiltration Radar imagery • • • • • • • • • Space heating •••• Runoff • • • . . Satellite imagery • • • • • • • • Cooling towers • • • • • Disposal basins • • • • • Stereoscopy • • • • • • • Evaporative cooling • . • . • Runoff coefficient • . . • • Thennal infrared imagery • • • • • • • Refrigeration • • • • • Storm water • • • • Mineral signatures • • • • • • • Water cooling • • • • Watersheds •••• Radar • • • • • • • Water jackets • • • • • River basins • • • • • Ground penetrating radar Cover systems • • • • • Watershed management • . . • • Radar mapping Environmental auditing • • • Hypsometry • . • • • • Radar imagery Fishways • • • • Hypsometer ••••• SAR Greenhouse effect • • • Morphology ••.•• Side looking radar • • • • • • • Emissions trading • • • Remote sensing • • • • Rock signatures • • • • • • • Greenhouse gases • • • . Aerial photography • • • • Sensor mapping • • • • • • • • Emissions trading Aerial photographs • • . • Spacecraft sensing •••••• Heating Black and white aerial ••••• Landsat • • • • • • • Radiant heating photography· • • • • • • Thematic mapper surveys • • • • • • • Water heating Colour aerial photography • • • • • Satellite imagery . • • • • • • Water jackets Flight line •••• Terrain reflectance • • • • • • Odour control Infrared aerial photography • • • • Thennal infrared scanning • • • • • • Oxygen deficit Multiband aerial photography ••••• Infrared mapping • • • • • • • Oxygen concentration

~~282 Hierarchical Listing~~

• • • • • • • Oxygen solubility • • . . Environmental management ••.••• PCB • • . • • • Rangelands ..••• Air quality • . . • • Decontamination • • • . • • Ventilation . • • • • • Air pollution • • . • . • Chemical decontamination • . . • • • • Mine ventilation .•••••• Acid rain • . . • • • Radioactive decontamination ••••••.• Mine dust • • • • . • • Air pollution control ••.•• Oil pollution .••••••• Mine gases • • • • • . • • Smoke abatement ...••• Oil slicks •...•••• Ventilation shafts ..•••••. Water mist • • . . • • . Oil slick dispersion ••••••. Ventilation ducts • • • • . • • Airborne wastes •••••• Oil spillage .•••••• Ventilation fans • • • • . • • • Waste gases • • • • • Pollution control .••••• Weeds . • • • • • . Emissions trading Air cleaners . • • • • • Wind breaks • • • • • • • Greenhouse gases Bunds • • • • • National parks • • • • . • • • Emissions trading Emissions trading •.•••• Marine parks ••••.•• Smog Exhaust systems • • • • • Phytoremediation •••..•• Smoke ••••••• Stacks ••••• Pollution • • • • • • • • Smoke abatement • • . • • • • Ventilation fans • • • • • • Air pollution ••••• Cooling • • . • • • Phytoremediation •.••••• Acid rain •••••• Air cooling • • • • • • Spillage control • . • • • • • Air pollution control • . • • • • Condensers (liquefiers) • • • • • Water pollution • • • • . • • • Smoke abatement • • • • • • Cooling systems Eutrophication .••••••. Water mist . • • • • • • Air conditioning • • • • • • Ground water pollution • . • • • • • Airborne wastes • • • • • • • • Space heating • • • • • • Marine pollution • • • • • • • • Waste gases • • • . . • • Cooling towers • • • • • • River pollution . • • • • • • Emissions trading Evaporative cooling • • • • Precautionary principle • • • • • • • Greenhouse gases • • • • • • Refrigeration • • . • Public reserve . . • • • • • • Emissions trading . . • • • • Water cooling • • . • Regional reserves ••••••. Smog • • • • • • Water jackets • • • • Rehabilitation .•••••• Smoke Cover systems • • • • • Mine rehabilitation . • • • • • • . Smoke abatement Environmental auditing • • • • • • Quarry rehabilitation • • • • • • Chemical pollutants ••••• Fishways • • • . • • Revegetation ••••••• CFC . • • • • Greenhouse effect • • • • • • • Hydromulching ••••••• PCB • • • • • • Emissions trading • • . Sustainable development . • • • • • Decontamination • • • • • • Greenhouse gases •• Geography . • • • • • • Chemical decontamination • • • • . • • Emissions trading ••• Biogeography • • • • • • • Radioactive decontamination ••••• Heating • • • • Palaeobiogeography • • • • • • Oil pollution • . • • • • Radiant heating • • • Climatic zones •.••••• Oil slicks • • • • • • Water heating • . . . Arid environment • • • • • • • • Oil slick dispersion • • • • • • Water jackets ••••• Deserts ••••••• Oil spillage • • • • • Odour control Sand seas • . • • • • Pollution control • • • • • Oxygen deficit • • . • • • Stony deserts • • • • • • • Air cleaners • • • • • • Oxygen concentration ••.••• Tundra ••••••• Bunds • • • • • • Oxygen solubility • • • • • Desiccation (geology) • • • • • • • Emissions trading • • • • • Rangelands • • • • Equatorial zone • • • • . • • Exhaust systems ••••• Ventilation ••••• Equator •.•••••• Stacks • • • • • . Mine ventilation • • • • Polar regions • • • • • • • • Ventilation fans ••••••. Mine dust • • • • • Antarctic regions • • • • • • • Phytoremediation ••••••. Mine gases • • . • • Arctic regions • • • • • • • Spillage control • • • • • • • Ventilation shafts • • • . Temperate regions • • • • • • Water pollution •••••• Ventilation ducts •••• Tropical regions . • • • • • • Eutrophication •••••• Ventilation fans • • • Developing countries • • • • • • • Ground water pollution •.••• Weeds • • • Economic geography • • • • • • • Marine pollution • • • • • Wind breaks • • • Geomorphology • • • • • • . River pollution • • . . National parks • • • • Antecedent valleys Precautionary principle • • • • • Marine parks • • • • Basin range structure Public reserve • • • • Phytoremediation • • . . Block mountains • • • • • Regional reserves •••• Pollution •••• Canyons • . • • • Rehabilitation ••••• Air pollution •••• Cordillera • • • • • • Mine rehabilitation •••••• Acid rain •••. Dip • • • . • • • Quarry rehabilitation • • • • • • Air pollution control • . • • • Apparent dip • . • • • • • Revegetation • • • • • . . Smoke abatement Isoclines • • • • • • • • Hydromulching ••••••. Water mist Monoclines • • • • Human ecology • • • • • • Airborne wastes • • • • • Regional dip • • • • Palaeoecology • • • • • • • Waste gases ••••• True dip • • • Environmental protection • • • . • • Emissions trading • • • • Drainage (geomorphology) • • • • Coastal management • • • • • • Greenhouse gases Concordant drainage • • • • Cover systems • • • • • • • Emissions trading • • • • • Dendritic drainage pattern • • • • Environmental impact •••••• Smog • • • • • Interior drainage . : • • • Anthropogenic factor •••••• Smoke • . • • • Radial drainage • • • • • Environmental impact surveys • • • • • • • Smoke abatement • • • • Drowned valleys • • • • • • Base line data • • • • • Chemical pollutants • • • • Flood plains • • • • Environmental legislation •••••• CFC • • • • • Alluvial plains

~~283 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

• • • • Fold mountains Glacial striation Fissure eruption • • . • Geomorphic evolution Hanging glaciers Fissure vents • • . • Geomorphic maps Hanging valleys Lavas . . • . Impact structures Moraines ••••••• Lava flows • . . • • Shatter cone Ground moraines ••••••• Pillow lavas •••• lnselbergs Lateral moraines • • • . • • • . Pillow structure •••• Landforms Longitudinal moraines Mud volcanoes • • • • • Coastal capes Medial moraines Stratovolcanoes ••..• Coasts Terminal moraines Submarine volcanoes • • • • • • Coastal features Neve Volcanic cones ••••••• Bays Nunatak • • • • • • • Cinder cones ••••••• Beaches Perched block •••••• Volcanic craters • • • • • • • • Beach erosion Pressure ridge • • • • • • Volcanic ejecta • • . . . • • • Raised beaches Roche moutonnee • • • • • • • Volcanic ash ••••.••• Sandbars Sole marks ..•.•..• Ash flows •••••••• Swash zone Striated pebbles • • • • • • • Volcanic bombs •••••.. Blowholes Islands • • • • • • Volcanic eruption Cheniers Karst • • • • • • • Volcanic gases Cliffs Lagoons Volcanic explosion Coastal capes Lakes Volcanic plugs Coastal dunes Billabongs Volcanic prediction Coastal plains Claypan Volcanic vents Deltas Crater lakes ••••••• Fumarole ••••••• Estuaries Fluvial lakes Massif ••••••• Gulfs Glacial lakes •••• Migration ••••••• Harbours Oxbow lake • • • • Monadnocks ••••••• Shores Playa lakes •••. Mountains ••••••• Tidal flats Salt lakes • • • • Outwash plains • • • • • • • Wave cut platforms Waterholes • • • • Palaeogeomorphology • • . . • . Coastal management • • • • • Land bridge • • • • Physiographic province ••••• Continents ••••• Moraines • • • • River system ••••• Craters Ground moraines •••• Topography • • • • • • Collapse craters Lateral moraines ••••• Karst • • • • • • Explosion craters Longitudinal moraines •••• Valleys ••••••• Cryptoexplosion structure Medial moraines • • • • • Incised valleys Lunar craters Terminal moraines ••• Latitude Maars .•••• Pediments • • • • Palaeolatitude Meteorite craters • • • • • Peneplains ••• Longitude Volcanic craters . • • • • • Dissected peneplains • • • Palaeogeography ••••• Cuestas ••••• Piedmont •••• Gondwana •••••• Mesas • • • • • • Piedmont gravel •••• Laurasia •.••• Deltas ••••• Plateaus • • • • Palaeodrainage ••••• Dunes • • • • • • Dissected plateaus • • • • • Palaeochannel Barchan • • • • • Playa lakes •••••• Deep leads Coastal dunes .•.•. Reefs • • • • • Palaeocurrents Dune movements • • • • • • Algal reefs Palaeogeographic maps Foredunes •••••• Bioherms Palaeolatitude Lunette ••••••• Mud mounds Pangaea Seifdunes • • • • • • Coral reefs Rodinia Stabilized dunes .•••••• Atolls . • • • Supercontinent Transverse dunes Barrier reefs •••• Tethys • • • • • Escarpments . • • • • • • Fringing reefs •••• Vaalbara • • • • • • Fault escarpments • • • • • • • Glacial control theory • • • Regional geography Estuaries . • . • • • Thrombolites . • • Remote areas • • • • • Geological monuments • • • • • Rift valleys •••• Wilderness • • • • • Glacial features ••.••• Rift faults • • Natural history Arete .•.•••• Rift zone • • Oceanography Banding Sinkholes • • • Bathymetry Bergschrund . • • . • Slope development ••• Convection Chattermark • • . • • Solution channel ••• Eustacy Cirque ••••• Volcanoes •••• Sea level Crevasses Caldera • • • • Stranded coastlines Drumlin . • • • • • Dormant volcanoes • • • Ocean surface Faceted boulders •••••• Ejecta • • • Oceanic circulation Faceted pebbles • • • . • • • Impact ejecta • • • • El Nino effect Fjords • • • • • • • Volcanic ejecta •••• Ocean currents Fluting • • • • • • • • Volcanic ash Bottom currents Glacial pavements ...•....• Ash flows Density currents Glacial polish • • • • • • • • Volcanic bombs Equatorial currents Glacial pressure ridges • • • • • • Extinct volcanoes Littoral currents

~~284 Hierarchical Listing~~

• . • • • • Littoral drift •••••. Hydrozoa • • • • • Bulk mineral analysis • • • • • Turbidity currents ••.••• Scyphozoa • • • • • • Bulk mineral analyzers .•••• Upwelling ••••• Mollusca • • • . • Chemical indicators .••• Tides •••••• Bivalvia • • • . • . Methyl orange • • • Oceanographic surveys .•••••• Trigoniidae • . . • • • Phenolphthalein • • • • Oceanographic charts • . • • • • Cephalopoda • . • • • Chromatography ••• Oceans •.••••• Ammonoidea . . . • . • Gas chromatography • • • . Oceanic zones • • • • • • . Nautiloidea • • . • • • Liquid chromatography • . • . . Abyssal zone Gastropoda • • • • • • Paper chromatography •••••. Deepwater • • • • • • Monoplacophora • . . . • Coal analysis • • . . • • Ocean deeps • • • • • • Polyplacophora • • • • • • Fixed carbon ratio Bathyal zone .~ •••• Scaphopoda • • • • • • Tree flotation • • • • . Benthonic zone .••• Megafauna Colorimetry • • • • • Littoral zone . • . • Microfauna Electrochemical analysis •••••• Neritic zone •••. Vertebrata Electrolytic analysis • . • • • Pelagic zone ••.•• Amphibia Electron diffraction analysis . • . • • Shallow water • • • • • • Labyrinthodontia Gas analysis •••• Territorial waters ••••• Aves • • • . . • Gas analyzers . • • Palaeoceanography ••••. Mammalia • • • • • • • Gas detectors • • • Submarine topographic features •.•••• Cetacea • • • . . . • • Mud gas analyzers • • • • Continental rise •.•••• Eutheria • • • • • • Vacuum fusion analysis • • • • • Contourites • • . • • • • Chiroptera Gravimetric analysis • . . . Continental shelf • • • • • • . lnsectivora • • . • . Heavy mineral analysis • • • • . Continental accretion • . • • • • Homo erectus • • • • . Instrumental chemical analysis • • • • • Continental margin •.•••• Metatheria Bulk mineral analyzers • • • • . • Active margin • • • • • • • Diprotodonta Electrophotometry • • • • • • Passive margin • • • • • • • Marsupialia Infrared analysis • • • . Continental slope • . • • • • • • Macropodoidea lnstream analysis •••• Guyots • • • • • . Monotremata lon beam analysis • • • • Ocean basins •••••• Primates Onstream analysis • • • • • Restricted basins • • • • • • • Hominoidea Polarography • • • • Oceanic plateaus • • • • • • • • Homo sapiens Radioactivation analysis • • • • Oceanic ridges ••••• Pisces Spectroscopy •••• Sea floor Acanthodii • • • • • . • Atomic spectroscopy •.•• Seamounts Agnatha • • . • • • . • Atomic absorption • . • • Submarine canyons Chondrichthyes spectroscopy • • • • Submarine fans Crossopterygii • • • • • • • • Atomic structure • . • • Submarine plains Osteichthyes • • • • • • • • • Atomic weight • • • • Submarine trenches Placodermi • • • • • • • • Gamma spectroscopy • . Origin of life Sarcoptergii • • • • • • • • Mass spectroscopy • • • Biogenesis ••••• Reptilia • • • • • • • • Neutron spectroscopy • • • • Biogenic sedimentation •••••• Anapsida • • • • • • • • X ray atomic spectroscopy ••• Evolution •••••• Diapsida • • • • • • • • X ray fluorescence • • • • Morphologic evolution ••••••• Crocodilia spectroscopy • • • • Natural selection ••••••• Dinosaurs Electron spectroscopy •• Zoology ••••••• Snakes ESR spectroscopy ••• Fauna ••••• Tetrapods Fluoroscopy •••• Invertebrata ••• Metazoa ICP spectroscopy • • • • • Arthropoda • • • Microorganisms Microwave spectroscopy ••••.• Arachnida •••• Algae Molecular spectroscopy •••••• Crustacea ••••• Sapropel • • • • • • • • Colorimetry ••••••• Decapoda • • • . • • Coorongite •••.•••. Infrared spectroscopy • • • • • • • Euryphyllum •••• Bacteria ••••••••• FTIR spectroscopy •.•••• Hexapoda • • • • • Sulphur bacteria • • • • • • • • Molecular structure ••••••• Insecta • . • • • Therrnophiles ...... X ray diffraction • • • • • • • • Lepidoptera •••• Fungi • • • • • • • • • X ray diffraction pattern Merostomata ••••• Yeast • • • • • • • • • X ray powder diffraction • • • • • • Onychophora • • • • Geomicrobiology • • • . • • • Mossbauer spectroscopy ••••.• Trilobita • • • • Microplankton • • • • • • • NMR spectroscopy • • • • • Cephalopoda • • • • . Dinoflagellates • • • • • • • Raman spectroscopy • • • • • • Ammonoidea •••• Spores ••••••• Spectra • . • • • • Nautiloidea • Physical science • • • • • • • • Absorption spectra • • • • • Coelenterata •• Chemistry • • • • • • • • Atomic spectra •••••• Anthozoa • • • Analytical chemistry • • • • • • • • Emission spectra ••••••• Coral • • • • Chemical analysis • • • • • • • • • Continuous spectra • • • • • • • • Fossil coral • • • • • Ash analysis • • • • • • • • • Gamma spectra • • • • • • . • Rugose coral ••••• Assaying • • • • • • • • • Line spectra •••••••• Tabulate coral Assay value • • • • • • • • • Molecular spectra Cnidaria Radiometric assaying • • • • • • • • • Ultraviolet spectra • • • • • • Ediacaran fauna • • • • • • Wet assaying • • • • • • • • • X ray spectra

~~285 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

• • • • • • • • Mass spectra • • • Colloid chemistry • • • . . Air sampling (geochemistry) • • • • • • . . Stellar sepctra .••. Colloids BLEG sampling • • • • . • . Spectrochemical analysis ••.• Syneresis Bottom hole sampling • • • • • • • Spectrometers • • . Crystal chemistry Gossan sampling • • • • • • • . ESR spectroscope • . • Electrochemistry Lag sampling • • • • • • • • Multichannel spectrometers •••• Electrodeposition Pisolite sampling • • • • • • • • Optical spectrometers •••• Electrodes Rock chip sampling • • • • • • • . X ray fluorescence • • • • Electrolysis Soil gas sampling spectrometers •••.• Voltammetry Soil sampling • • • • • • • Ultraviolet spectroscopy • • • • • • Anodic stripping voltammetry • • • • • Stream sampling • • • • • . • X ray spectroscopy • • • • • • Cathodic stripping • • • • • Stream sediment sampling • • • • • • • • X ray emission voltammetry • • • • • • Freeze sampling spectroscopy • • • • Electrolytes • • • • Isotope geochemistry • • • • • • • • X ray photoelectron • • • • Electrolytic cells • • • • Marine geochemistry spectroscopy • • • • Electroplating • • • • MMI technique • • • • • • Thermal analysis • • • Geochemistry • • • • Mobile metal ions • • • • • • • Differential thermal analysis • • • • Biogeochemistry • • • • Organic geochemistry • • • • • • • Thermogravimetric analysis Aerobic processes • • • • • Source rock analysis Major element analysis • • • • • Anaerobic processes ••••• TOG Microanalysis • • • • • Biogeochemical exploration Petroleum geochemistry Microprobe analysis • • • • • • Geobotanical exploration • • • • Rock geochemistry Multielement analysis • • • • • • • Indicator plants •••• Trace elements Oil analysis • • • • • Microbiological processes • • • • • Trace metals Organic analysis Bacterial leaching • • • Inorganic chemistry Proximate analysis Bacterial oxidation • • • Mineral chemistry Qualitative analysis Bacterial reduction • • • • Fused minerals . • • • . • Flame tests Biodegradation • • • • Mineral series • . • • • Quantitative analysis Bioremediation • • • Molecular weight • • • . . . Elemental analysis • • • • • • • Biosorption • • • Organic chemistry Silicate analysis • • • • • • Bioturbation • • • • Biomarkers Titration • • • • • Photosynthesis • • • • • Biomarker hydrocarbons . . • • • Trace analysis • • • • Crustal abundance • • • • Coal chemistry • . • • • Ultimate analysis . • • • Geochemical cycles • • • • Petroleum chemistry • . • • • Volumetric analysis • • • • • Biochemical cycles • • • • Shale oil chemistry • . • • . Water analysis • • • • • • Carbon cycle • • • Physical chemistry • • • • • Whole rock analysis • • • • • • Nitrogen cycle •••• Kinetics • • • Biochemistry ••••••• Nitrification • • • • Magnetochemistry • . • • Bacteriological analysis • • • • • • • Nitrogen fixation • • • • Stereochemistry • • • • Biochemical cycles • • • • • • Oxygen cycle • • • • Surface chemistry • . • • • Carbon cycle • • • • • • Phosphorus cycle • • • • Thermochemistry • • • • • Nitrogen cycle • • • • • • Sulphur cycle • • • • Thermodynamics . • . • • • Nitrification • • • • Geochemical exploration • • • • • Rankine cycle • • • • • • Nitrogen fixation • • • • • Aerial geochemical exploration • • • Quantum chemistry • • • • • Oxygen cycle • • • • • Base line data • • • Radiochemistry • • • • • Phosphorus cycle • • • • • Biogeochemical exploration • • • • Isotope separation . • • • • Sulphur cycle • • • • • • Geobotanical exploration • • • • Isotopic number • • • • Palaeobiochemistry • • • • • • . Indicator plants • . • Rock chemistry • • • Chemical composition • • • • • Geochemical dispersions • • • • Rock geochemistry •••• Purity • • . • • • Geochemical anomalies • • • • Silicate analysis . • • • • Contamination • • • • • • • Geochemical background • • • • Whole rock analysis • • • • • . Contaminant migration . • . • • • • Geochemical threshold • • • Soil chemistry • . • Chemical properties • • • • • • Indicator beds • • • • Soil analysis •••• Acidity Indicator elements • • • • • Fulvic acid •••• Alkalinity • • • • • Mercury halo technique ••..• Humic acid •••• Buffers (chemistry) • • • • • Sniffer surveys • • • Water chemistry Calorific value • • • • Geochemical interpretation •• Metrology •••• Eh value •••• Geochemical mapping • • • Metric conversion •••• pH value • • • • Geochemical methods .• Physics ••••• pH control • • • • Geochemical processes Cryogenics •.•••• pH meters • • • • • Chemical weathering • • • Field strength • • • • Reactivity Lateritization ••• Lasers • • • • Redox potential •••••• Saprolite • • • • Laser applications •••• Salinity •••••• Tafoni • • • Nuclear physics • • • • • lsosalinity maps Decomposition • • • Quantum mechanics •••• Solubility Dolomitization • • • Raman effect ••••• Solvents Ferruginization • Spatial science • • • • • • Organic solvents Leaching (geology) • • Cartography • • • • Thermochemical properties • . • • • • Soil leaching Block diagrams • • • • Thermodynamic properties • • • • • Silicification Conic projection • • • Coal chemistry • • • • Geochemical sampling Contours

~~286 Hierarchical Listing~~

• . • • Contour interval • . Coal statistics ••• Clustering • • • • Contour line . • • Coal consumption • • • Discriminant analysis • • • • Contour maps ••• Coal prices ••• Factor analysis ••••• Topographic maps .•• Coal production Probability theory • . . • • • Topographic contours • • Consumption . • Queueing theory Cross sections Coal consumption • • Regression analysis Equatorial projection • • • Energy consumption ••• Trend surface analysis Fence diagrams • . • Petroleum consumption Sampling theory Gauss projection • • . . Gas consumption . . Standard deviation Globular projection • . • • Oil consumption • • Statistical distributions Gnomonic projection Exports • • • Frequency distribution Isometric projection •. Imports • • • • Histograms Longitudinal section • . Mineral statistics ••• Population (statistical) Map legend . • • Aluminium production • • Statistical inference Map projection ••• Coal statistics Mercator projection . • • • Coal consumption Technology Normal projection •••• Coal prices • Applications Pantographs . • • • Coal production • Materials technology Photogrammetry • • • Copper production Carbon arc • • • • Stereomapping ••• Gold production Carbon filament • • • • . Stereoscopic map plotters • • • Industrial material statistics Composite materials • • • • Stereophotogrammetry • • • • Salt production Corrosion • • • • Stereophotography • • • • . Solar evaporation • • • Atmospheric corrosion Planimeters Iron production • • • Corrosion fatigue • • • Polar projection • • • Lead production • • • Corrosion prevention • • • Polyconic projection • • • Metal prices • • • • Anodic protection ••. Scribing •••• Gold prices • • • • Cathodic protection • • Navigation Mine production • • • • Galvanized steel GPS Mineral prices • • • • Galvanizing ••• Navigation track maps Nickel production Corrosion resistance • • • Satellite navigation Silver production Corrosion tests •• Surveying Tin production Electrochemical corrosion Barometric levelling Uranium production Rusting Base line Zinc production Sea water corrosion Datum . • Petroleum statistics Fibreglass EDM methods • • • Natural gas prices . • Fused minerals Latitude ••• Oil prices • • Materials tests • • • • Palaeolatitude • • • Petroleum consumption Accelerated tests ••• Longitude . • • • Gas consumption Brittle failure • • • Mine surveying • • • • Oil consumption Destructive testing •••• Mine maps • • • Petroleum imports Fire tests • • . • Shaft surveying • • • Petroleum production Impact strength ••• Parallax • • • • Crude oil production Low temperature tests . • • Surveying instruments • • . • Natural gas production Nondestructive testing • • • • Distance measuring equipment • • • • Offshore production Oxidation tests ••.•• Odometers •• Prices PCE equivalent . • • • • Tellurometers ••• Coal prices Physical tests • • • • Levelling instruments • • • Metal prices • • • . Bitumen stripping test • • • • Magnetic compasses •••• Gold prices • . . • Compression tests • • • • Optical square • • • Mineral prices • • • • Ductility tests • • • • Plane tables • • • Natural gas prices • • • • Dynamic tests • • • • Range finders ••• Oil prices • • • • Hardness tests •••• Stadia •• Production • • • • • Brinell hardness ••.• Tacheometers • Reliability ••••• Mohs scale • • • • Theodolites • Statistical analysis • • • • Impact tests • • . Triangulation Bootstrap method • • • • Los Angeles test • • . Volume estimation Boundary element analysis • • • • Tension tests • Theory Coefficient of variation •••• Wear tests •• Principles Confidence limits Therrnomechanical analysis Correlation coefficient • • • Ultrasonic tests Statistics Distribution • • • X ray stress analysis . Biostatistics Finite difference analysis • • Physical metallurgy • Correlation Finite element analysis • • • Hardening (materials) • • Stratigraphic correlation Fourier analysis • • • Metallography Biostratigraphic correlation Geostatistics ••• Recrystallization (metals) • • • Lithologic correlation ••• Kriging • • Strength of materials • • • Sequence stratigraphy • • • Variograms Bonding strength • • • Subsurface correlation Least squares method Compressive strength Energy statistics Monte Carlo method Deformation (materials) • Industry statistics Multivariate analysis Failure (materials)

~~287 GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus~~

Fatigue (materials) • • . Saline tailings • • • Ground water depletion Shear strength .•. Slimes . . • . Ground water mining Tensile strength . • . Tailings disposal • • • • Salt water encroachment Yield strength •••• Tailings dams • • • • • Salt water front • • Synthetic materials • • . Tailings retreatment • • • Ground water pollution • • • Optical fibres • • • Tailings sampling • • • Ground water withdrawal •• Welding • Organic wastes . • • • Cone of depression • Technology transfer • Radioactive wastes •••• Drawdown • • Radioactive waste processing ••• Safe yield Transportation • Residues • • • • Specific yield • Air transportation • Sewage • • Ground water movement •• Aircraft • • Sewage treatment • • • Flow measurement (ground • • • Unmanned air vehicles • Urban wastes water) Common carriers • Waste management Ground water province • Haulage Cover systems Ground water quality • Mine transportation • • Evaporation basin Ground water recharge • . Aerial ropeways • • Exhaust systems . • • Artificial ground water recharge Gages ••• Stacks • • • • Recharge wells Mine cars ••• Ventilation fans • • • Ground water intake beds • • Mine locomotives • • Salvage materials • • • Recharge area •• Skips • • Waste disposal Ground water resources • Ore transportation Incineration Ground water sampling • Pipeline transportation • • • Marine disposal Ground water sources • • Slurry transportation • • • Subaqueous disposal Ground water surveys • • • Hydraulic conveyors • • • Waste burial • • • Salinity surveys . • • Slurry pipelines • • Waste treatment • • • Water divining • • • Slurry pumping • • • Bioremediation • • • Well location surveys • • • • Slurry pumps • • • • Biosorption Perched ground water • Rail transportation ••• Recycling Underflow • • Locomotives • • • • Waste oil recycling Underground streams • • • Battery locomotives • . • • Water recycling Water wells • • • Diesel locomotives • Waste water • • • Artesian wells • • • Mine locomotives • • • • Artesian discharge • Road transportation Water • • • Subartesian wells • • Haulage vehicles Distilled water • Hygroscopic water Diesel vehicles • Freshwater • Ice ••• Tractors • Ground water Land ice • • • Trolley assist vehicles • • Aquicludes •• Sea ice • Spacecraft ••• Aquitards •• Sheet ice • Water transportation •• Aquifers • Meteoric water Ports • • • Aquifer properties • Saltwater •• Shipping • • • • Hydraulic conductivity •• Bitterns • • • • Transmissivity •• Brines Vehicles Artesian aquifers ••• Brine salt Electric vehicles Confining beds • • • Thermal brines . Hovercraft Fractured rock aquifers Sea water • Motor vehicles Leaky aquifers • Steam .. Tyres Unconfined aquifers • Surface waters • • Artesian water •• Lakes Wastes . . • Artesian wells Billabongs • Airborne wastes • • • • Artesian discharge Claypan • • Waste gases Baseflow Crater lakes Cover systems Connate water Fluvial lakes Fly ash Convection Glacial lakes Gangue Fonnation water Oxbow lake Industrial wastes ••• Pore water Playa lakes Effluents • • Ground water basins Salt lakes Industrial waste heaps • • • Artesian basins Waterholes Uquid wastes • • Ground water discharge •• Rivers Metal scrap ••. Baseflow Anabranching • • Waste gases ••• Springs Braided channel •• Waste oil • • • • Fissure springs Riparian zone • • • Waste oil recycling ..•• Hot springs River capture • Mine wastes ••••• Geysers River erosion Coal wastes • • • • Mineral springs River features • • Mine spoil heaps •••• Mound springs •••• Levees • • Mine waters •••• Seepage •••• Meanders • • • Acid mine waters • • Ground water level • • • • • Entrenched meander Red mud • • • Water table • • • • River channels •• Tailings • • Ground water management • • • • River terraces

288 e e Hierarchical Listing e River flow •• Gas wells River gradient •. Oil wells River load Recharge wells •.•• Bed load Relief wells e • • • • Dissolved load Shut in wells • • • River system Stratigraphic wells ••• Streams Stripper wells • • • • Antecedent streams Water wells e . . • • Consequent streams • • Artesian wells . • • • Entrenched streams • • • Artesian discharge • • • • Ephemeral streams • • Subartesian wells •••• Stream flow • Well construction e • . . • • Stream gauging • Well head . • • • Subsequent streams • . Casinghead • • • • Underground streams • Well servicing e .••• Waterfalls . . Well swabbing • • . • Waterholes Water content • Water factor • Water quality Ground water quality Hard water - Permanent hardness e Potable water Soft water Temporary hardness • Water storage e •• Dams Arch dams Arch gravity dams Buttress dams e Cofferdams Concrete dams Dam site investigations Earth dams e •••• Clay cores Flood dams Gravity dams Rocklin dams e Spillways Weirs • Water supply •• Aqueducts e •• Flumes • • Water tunnels • Water treatment Lime soda ash process e Microorganism control (water) Reverse osmosis Spray ponds Water recycling e Water treatment plant • • • Sequencing batch reactor

Wells e . Appraisal wells Condensate wells Deep wells Development wells e Drainage wells Exploratory wells • • Discovery wells e Horizontal wells Injection wells Killed wells Nonproductive wells e Observation wells Oil wells Producing wells e • • Discovery wells e 289 e e

~~GeMPeT: The Geoscience, Minerals and Petroleum Thesaurus e e~~

~~-e e e e~~

~~-e e e e e e e e e e e e 290 e e e e e e e Section 3 e e e KWIC (Permuted) Listing e e e e e e e e e e e e e e- e e e e e e e e e e e e e~~

~~-e e e e e e e e - KWIC Index~~

Uranium 233 Accessory minerals Activated charcoal Uranium 234 age method Accident prevention Activated clay Uranium 234 dating Accidents Activating reagents Uranium 235 Nuclear reactor accidents Activation 20 seismic surveys Accounting Activation analysis 30 seismic surveys Cost accounting Neutron activation analysis A horizon Energy accounting Activators A type granite Accreditation Active fault Abandoned channel Accreting plate Active margin Abandoned mines boundary Seismic activity Abandoned wells Continental accretion Solar activity Abandonment Lateral accretion Volcanic activity Well abandonment Acetylene Mining acts Smoke abatement Achondrite Adamellite Ablation Fulvic acid Adamellite porphyry Abney level Humic acid Value adding Aboriginal land Hydriodic acid Additives rights Hydrobromic acid Cement additives Aboriginal relics Hydrochloric acid Mud additives Aboriginal sacred Hydrocyanic acid Pulp additives sites Hydrofluoric acid Ad its Aboriginal site Nitric acid Administration surveys Phenoxyacetic acid Adsorbed water Aboriginals Sulfuric acid Adsorbents Abrasion Sulphuric acid Adsorption Wind abrasion Lead acid batteries Adularia Abrasion Amino acid dating Aegirine (geological) Acid igneous rocks Aeolian Abrasion resistance Acid leaching Aeolian deposits Abrasive jet drilling Acid mine drainage Aeolian Abrasiveness Acid mine waters environment Abrasives Acid openhearth Aeolian sands Absite process Aeolian sediments Absolute age Acid rain Aeolian soils Absolute age Acid refractories Aeolianite determination Acid rocks Calcareous aeolianite Absolute gravity Acid sulphate soils Aeration Absolute gravity Acid treatment Zone of aeration instruments Acid volcanic rocks Aerators Absolute pressure Acidification Aerial colour Absorbents Acidity photography Absorbers Acidity control Aerial · Absorbers Acids electromagnetic (equipment) Amino acids surveys Absorbers Industrial acids Aerial EM methods (materials) Inorganic acids Aerial EM surveys Absorption Organic acids Aerial geochemical X ray absorption Acoustic arrays exploration Absorption spectra Acoustic detection Aerial geophysical Atomic absorption spectra Acoustic drilling surveys Atomic absorption Acoustic emission Aerial gravimetric spectrometers Acoustic logging surveys Atomic absorption Acoustic logs Aerial gravity spectrometry Acoustic properties surveys Absorption Acoustic wave Aerial magnetic spectroscopy Acoustic waves anomalies Atomic absorption Acoustics Aerial magnetic spectroscopy Data acquisition maps Infrared absorption Acquisitions Aerial magnetic spectroscopy Acritarchs surveys Absorption towers Petroleum act Aerial mapping Abstracting Actinide series Aerial multispectral Abstracts Actinium scanning Crustal abundance Actinium isotopes Aerial Metal abundance Actinolite photogrammetry Abyssal rocks Actinolite marble Aerial photographs Abyssal zone Affirmative action Aerial photography Acanthodii Frost action Black and white aerial photography Accelerated tests Glacial action Colour aerial photography Accelerometers Ice action Infrared aerial photography Land access Activated carbon Multiband aerial photography

~~293 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Oblique aerial photography Expanded slate aggregates Albite porphyry Trimetrogon aerial photography Fine aggregates Albitite Vertical aerial photography Heavyweight aggregates Albitization Aerial radioactivity Lightweight aggregates Alcohol surveys Soil aggregates Alcohol fuels Aerial radiometric Aggregation Alcohols surveys Agitation Alexandrite Aerial ropeways Agitators Alfisol Aerial surveys Agmatic gneiss Algae Aerobic decay Agnatha Blue green algae Aerobic processes Agreements Brown algae Aerodynamics Commodity agreements Green algae Aeromagnetic International agreements Red algae anomalies Mining agreements Algal limestone Aeromagnetic maps Non disclosure agreements Algal mats Aeromagnetic Petroleum agreements Algal reefs surveys Agricultural energy Algal structures Aerophoto Agricultural Matrix algebra Aerosol generators engineering Alginite Aerosols Agricultural geology Algorithms Biological aerosols Agriculture Genetic algorithms Affirmative action Agronomy Aliphatic Afmag survey Computer aided design hydrocarbons methods Compressed air Alkali basalt Afmag surveys Free air anomaly Alkali feldspars Aftershock Free air anomaly maps Alkali gabbro Agate Air blast (mine Alkali granite Banded agate subsidence) Alkali igneous rocks Clouded agate Air blown Alkali leaching Moss agate converters Alkali metals Age Air circulation Alkali olivine basalt Absolute age Air cleaners Alkali syenite Geological age Air compressors Pyroxene alkali syenite Hybrid age Air conditioning Alkaline batteries Ice age Air cooling Alkaline earth Isotope age Air core drilling metals Overprinted age Free air correction Alkaline earths Relative age Air drilling Calc alkaline rocks Age dating Air entrainment Alkalinity Age determination Air fall tuff Alkalinity control Absolute age determination Air filters Alkanes Geological age determination Air filtration Isoprenoid alkanes Isotopic age determination Airflow Alkanes Radioactive age determination Air gun sound Allanite Radiometric age determination source Allivalite Age determination Air lift Allochthon methods Air pollution Allochthonous coal Helium age method Plumes (air pollution) Allochthonous Lutetium hafnium age method Air pollution control limestone Thorium lead age method Air quality Allowances Uranium 234 age method Air sampling Alloy steels Uranium lead age method Soil air sampling Alloys Uranium series age method Air sampling Copper alloys Uranium thorium (geochemistry) Gold alloys lead age method Air sparging Iron alloys Age of the earth Air transportation Lead alloys Age of the universe Unmanned air vehicles Selenium alloys Foaming agents Air washers Silver alloys Oxidizing agents Rotary airblast drilling Tin alloys Radioprotective agents Magnetic airborne detection Zinc alloys Reducing agents Airborne mapping Alluvial deposits Wetting agents Airborne Alluvial diamond Agglomerate photograph deposits Agglomeration Airborne surveys Alluvial fans Cement aggregate reactions Airborne wastes Alluvial gem Aggregates Aircraft deposits Coarse aggregates Airtrac drilling Alluvial gold Expanded aggregates Akerite deposits Expanded clay aggregates Akermanite Alluvial mineral Expanded shale aggregates Alaskite deposits Expanded slag aggregates Albite Alluvial mining

~~294 KWIC Index~~

Alluvial plains Amphibolite Financial analysis Alluvial sediments Ortho amphibolite Finite difference analysis Alluvial soils Para amphibolite Finite element analysis Alluvial tin deposits Amphibolite facies Fission track analysis Alluvium Epidote amphibolite facies Fourier analysis Almandine Amphibolite schist Fracture analysis Alnoite Amphibolization Gas analysis Lead alpha dating Amplitude versus Geochemical analysis Alpha irradiation offset Geofracture analysis Alpha particle AMTsurveys Grain size analysis detectors Amygdaloid a! Gravimetric analysis Alpha radiation textures Heavy mineral analysis Alphameter surveys Amygdules Image analysis Alstonite Anabranching Infrared analysis Chemical alteration Anaerobic decay lnstream analysis Deuteric alteration Anaerobic Instrumental Hydrothermal alteration processes chemical analysis Mineral alteration Anaerobic Jon beam analysis Rock alteration sediments Laboratory analysis Supergene alteration Analcime Lineament analysis Thermal alteration Analcime basalt Log analysis Wall rock alteration Analcime basanite Major element analysis Alteration (geology) Analcime dolerite Mathematical analysis Conodont colour alteration index Analcime syenite Mechanic analysis Altimeters Analcime tephrite Megajoint analysis Satellite altimetry Analcimite Metallurgical analysis Alumina Analcite Microprobe analysis Aluminate cements Olivine analcitite Multielement analysis Aluminium Analogue Multivariate analysis Aluminium deposits computers Neutron activation analysis Aluminium isotopes Analogue data Oil analysis Aluminium minerals Analogue Onstream analysis Aluminium ores differential Operations analysis Aluminium oxides analyzers Organic analysis Aluminium Analogue Organization analysis production processing Petrofabric analysis Aluminium refining. Analogue simulation Pollen analysis Aluminium reserves Fido gas analyser Pressure analysis Aluminium Hot wire gas analyser Pressure buildup analysis resources Analysis Proximate analysis Aluminium silicates Activation analysis Qualitative analysis Aluminium smelting Ash analysis Quantitative analysis Aluminium sulphate Automatic image analysis Quantitative log analysis Alums Bacteriological analysis Radioactivation analysis Alunite Basin analysis Regression analysis Amalgam Benefit cost analysis Risk analysis Mercury amalgam Boundary element analysis Rosiwal analysis Amalgamation Bulk mineral analysis Screen analysis Amazonite C axis analysis Sensitivity analysis Amber Chemical analysis Sieve analysis Amblygonite Chemographic analysis Silicate analysis Amenities Chromatographic analysis Size analysis Americium Coal analysis Size frequency analysis Americium isotopes Colorimetric analysis Sizing analysis Amesite Core analysis Soil analysis Amethyst Cost analysis Source rock analysis Amino acid dating Cost benefit analysis Spatial analysis Amino acids Data analysis Spectral analysis Ammonia Differential thermal analysis Spectrochemical analysis Liquid ammonia Discriminant analysis Spectroscopic analysis Ammoniacal Drill core analysis Spectrum analysis leaching Drill cuttings analysis Statistical analysis Ammonium Economic analysis Structural analysis compounds Electrochemical analysis Systems analysis Ammonium nitrate Electrolytic analysis Terrane analysis Ammonium Electron diffraction analysis Thermal analysis sulphate Elemental analysis Thermogravimetric analysis Ammonoidea Energy analysis Thermomechanical analysis Amortization Fabric analysis Trace analysis Amphibia Facies analysis Trace element analysis Amphiboles Factor analysis Trend surface analysis

~~295 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Ultimate analysis Seismic anisotropy Application software Vacuum fusion analysis Ankerite Applications Vector analysis Annabergite Computer applications Volumetric analysis Annelida Laser applications Water analysis Annual reports Mathematical applications Whole rock analysis Anodic protection Military applications X ray analysis Anodic stripping Video applications X ray fluorescence analysis voltammetry Applied potential X ray stress analysis Anomalies surveys Ultimate analysis (coal) Aerial magnetic anomalies Appraisal wells Risk analysis (hazards) Aeromagnetic anomalies Oil appraisal wells Indicators (chemical analysis) Bouguer anomalies Apron feeders Analytical chemistry Electromagnetic anomalies Aptian Analogue EM anomalies Aquamarine differential analyzers Geochemical anomalies Aquapulse Bulk mineral analyzers Geophysical anomalies Aqueducts Gas analyzers Geothermal anomalies Aquicludes Mud gas analyzers Gravity anomalies Confined aquifer Spectrum analyzers IP anomalies Perched aquifer Anapsida Isostatic anomalies Water table aquifer Anatase Magnetic anomalies Water well tests (aquifer) Anatexis Radiometric anomalies Aquifer properties Anchoring systems Radon anomalies Aquifer tests Offshore anchors SP anomalies Aquifers Rock anchors Free air anomaly Artesian aquifers Anchors (rock) Radioactivity anomaly Fractured rock aquifers Cut and cover tunnelling Thermal anomaly Leaky aquifers Research and development Magnetic anomaly detection Unconfined aquifers Cut and fill mining Bouguer anomaly maps Aquitards Cut and fill structures Free air anomaly maps K Ardating Prospects and leads Residual anomaly maps Arable land Care and maintenance Anorthite Arachnida Base courses and pavements Anorthoclase Aragonite Bord and pillar mining Anorthosite Arbitration Room and pillar mining Antarctic regions Carbon arc Combined heat and power Antecedent streams Back arc basins generation Antecedent valleys Fore arc basins Information storage and retrieval Anthophyllite Arch dams Health and safety Anthozoa Arch gravity dams Occupational health and safety Anthracite Archaean Wages and salaries Peat to anthracite theory Archaeocyatha Stocks and shares Anthropogenic Archaeology Truck and shovel mining factor Industrial archaeology Nuclear research and test reactors Anthropology Architecture Tracks and trails Baldheaded anticline Archives Black and white aerial Breached anticline Island arcs photography Anticlines Volcanic arcs Andalusite Salt anticlines Xenon arcs Andalusite schist Anticlinorium Arctic regions Andesine Antimony Arcuate faults Andesine basalt Native antimony Intake area Andesite White antimony Recharge area Andradite Antimony bloom Areal geology Anemometers Antimony deposits Areal maps Aneroid barometers Nickel antimony glance Areal surveys Anfo Antimony minerals Remote areas Los Angeles test Antimony mines Arenaceous rocks Angiospermae Apatite Arenite Extinction angle Synthetic aperture radar Arkosic arenite Optic angle API gravity Arete High angle conveyors Aplite Arfvedsonite Angle of repose Granite aplite Argentite Low angle thrust Syenite aplite Argillaceous Anglesite X ray apparatus limestone Anhydrite Apparent dip Argillaceous rocks Anhydrite deposits Apparent movement Argillaceous Animals of faults sandstone Anion exchange Apparent porosity Argillite Anions Apparent resistivity Argon Anisotropy Application of Argon argon dating Magnetic anisotropy mathematics Argon compounds

~~296 KWIC Index~~

Argon dating Ash (volcanic) Atomic absorption Argon argon dating Ash analysis spectrometers Potassium argon dating Ash content Atomic absorption Argon isotopes Soda ash deposits spectrometry Arid cycle Ash flows Atomic absorption Arid environment Lime soda ash process spectroscopy Arid lands Asphalt base Atomic energy Fuzzy arithmetic crudes Atomic reactors Arkose Asphalt emulsions Atomic spectra Arkosic arenite Asphaltene Atomic Arkosic Asphaltite spectroscopy conglomerate Asphalts X ray atomic Arkosic greywacke Natural asphalts spectroscopy Arkosic limestone Assay Atomic structure Arkosic sandstone Assay grade Atomic weight Aromatic Assay value Atomizing hydrocarbons Assaying Attapulgite Aromatics Fire assaying Attenuation Contractual arrangements Radiometric assaying Atterberg limits Dipole dipole array Wet assaying Atterberg tests Electrode array Fossil assemblage Attrition (materials) Gradient array Metamorphic assemblage Audio frequency Magnetometer array Mineral assemblage magnetotellurics Pole dipole array Resource assessment Audio visual Pole pole array Risk assessment materials Schlumberger array Magmatic assimilation Management audit Wenner array Trolley assist vehicles Auditing Acoustic arrays Quality assurance Environmental auditing Seismic arrays Asteroids Audits First arrival Asthenosphere Augen gneiss Arrival time Astrobleme Augen schist Copper arsenate Astrogeology Augen structure Arsenate mineral Astronomy Auger conveyors deposits Geodetic astronomy Auger drilling Arsenic Radio astronomy Auger sampling Native arsenic Asymmetric folds Augers Arsenic deposits Asymmetric ripple Augite Arsenic isotopes mark Augitite Arsenic minerals Atacamite Thermal aureole gold Arsenopyrite Atlases Aurora State of the art Earth atmosphere Australites Artefacts Lunar atmosphere Austrian tunnelling Artesian aquifers Mars atmosphere method Artesian basins Solar atmosphere Authigenesis Artesian bores Venus atmosphere Authority to Artesian discharge Atmosphere (earth} prospect Artesian pressure Extraterrestrial atmospheres Autochthonous coal Artesian water Planetary atmospheres Autoclaves Artesian wells Stellar atmospheres Autogenous Arthropoda Atmospheric grinding Artificial diamonds circulation Autogenous mills Artificial ground Atmospheric Autogenous mining water recharge composition Autogenous Artificial intelligence Atmospheric smelting Artificial lift corrosion Automatic control Artificial mineral Atmospheric Automatic data fibres corrosion tests processing Artificial recharge Atmospheric ozone Automatic image Artificial reefs Atmospheric analysis Artificial satellites pollution Automatic Artificial weathering Atmospheric processing tests pressure Automation Asbestos Atmospheric Autunite Blue asbestos radiation Avalanche bedding Asbestos cements Atmospheric Avalanches Asbestos deposits refraction Aves Asbestosis Atmospheric AVO methods Coal ash weathering Pubic awarness Fly ash Atolls Axial flow Soda ash Atomic absorption compressors Volcanic ash spectra Axial plane

~~297 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Axial plane Barium Basement depth cleavage Barium isotopes maps Axial symmetry Barium minerals Magnetic basement maps Axial trace Barographs Basic converters Crystallographic axis Barometers Basic front Geomagnetic axis Aneroid barometers Basic igneous rocks Optical axis Barometric levelling Basic openhearth C axis analysis Barometric pressure process Axis of symmetry Barrage sampling Basic oxygen Azurite Barrages (dams) process B horizon Barred basin Basic refractories Plugging back Oriented core barrel Basic rocks Back arc basins Punch core barrel Barred basin Consolidated back fill Rotary core barrel Evaporation basin Backfilling Rubber sleeve core barrel Basin analysis Back pressure Sidewall core barrel Basin geometry Back reefs Wire line core barrel Basin range Backdeep Core barrels structure Geochemical background Barrier ice Basins Background noise Barrier reefs Artesian basins Background Explosion barriers Back arc basins radiation Bars Coal basins Backhoes Emerged bars Cratonic basins Backwater curve Barysphere Depositional basins Bacteria Barytes Disposal basins Sulfur bacteria Barytocalcite Drainage basins Sulphur bacteria Basal cleavage Fore arc basins Thermophillic bacteria Basal conglomerate Foreland basins Bacterial leaching Basalt Geological basins Bacterial oxidation Alkali basalt Ground water basins Bacterial reduction Alkali olivine basalt Ground water Bacteriological Analcime basalt recharge basins analysis Andesine basalt Intake basins Bag house Flood basalt Intracratonic basins Bagasse Leucite basalt Ocean basins Heat balance Magma basalt Recharge basins Material balance Melilite basalt Restricted basins Nitrogen balance Midocean ridge basalt Rift basins Trade balance Nepheline basalt River basins Water balance Ocean island basalt Sedimentary basins Balance of Oligoclase basalt Spreading basins payments Olivine basalt Bastnaesite Balance of trade Picrite basalt Sequencing batch reactor Balanced cross Quartz basalt Batholiths sections Basaltine Bathyal zone Under balanced drilling Basanite Bathymetric charts Baldheaded Analcime basanite Bathymetry anticline Leucite basanite Bathysphere Drop ball Base courses and Alkaline batteries Ball clay pavements Electrical batteries Ball milling Asphalt base crudes Lead acid batteries Ball mills Mixed base crudes Low temperature batteries Rail ballast Naphthene base crudes Mine batteries Balling Paraffin base crudes Nickel cadmium batteries Bananite Base exchange Solar batteries Banded agate Base level Stamp batteries Banded coal Base line Storage batteries Banded gneiss Base line data Thermal batteries Banded iron Base maps Batteries (electrical) formation Base metal deposits Batteries (mine) Banded ironstone Base metal Batteries (stamp) Banding exploration Battery chargers Cleavage banding Base metals Battery locomotives Flow banding Oil base muds Bauxite Big bang theory Synthetic oil base muds Bauxite deposits Banket. Water base muds Bauxite mines Bar sediments Baseflow Bauxitization Barchan Basement Bay ice Enterprise bargaining Crystalline basement Bayer process Barite Magnetic basement Bays Barite deposits Basement depth Beach breccia

~~298 KWIC Index~~

Beach concentrate Belt feeders Biogeography Beach erosion Conveyor belts Biogeology Beach mining Radiation belts Biographies Beach protection Wave cut bench Bioherms Beach rock Bench stoping Biological aerosols Beach sand mining Benchmarking Biological control Beach sands Beneficiation Biological energy Beaches Mineral beneficiation sources Raised beaches Ore beneficiation Biological indicators I on beam analysis Cost benefit analysis Biological markers Beam pumps Benefit cost Biological oxidation Bearing capacity analysis Biological Ultimate bearing capacity Benefit cost ratios processes Bearing piles Benioff seismic Biological reduction Bearing strength zone Biological surveys Bottomset bed Benioff zones Biomarker Foreset bed Benthonic hydrocarbons Leaky confined bed foraminifera Biomarkers Passage bed Benthonic zone Biomass Pebble bed Bentonite Polychlorinated biophenyls Sea bed Benzene Bioremediation Topset bed Bergschrund Biosorption Bed (stratigraphic) Berkelium Biosphere Red bed copper deposits Berkelium isotopes Earth biosphere Red bed facies Berms Biostatistics Fluidized bed furnaces Coastal berms Biostratigraphic Bedload Bemoullis theorum correlation Fluidized bed processing Berthierine Biostratigraphic logs Fluidized bed roasters Beryl Biostratigraphic unit Bed rock Beryllium Biostratigraphic Bed rock sampling Beryllium detectors zone Teetered bed separators Beryllium isotopes Biostratigraphy Avalanche bedding Beryllium Biostrome Concave cross bedding moderated Biota Concordant bedding reactors Biotechnology Contorted bedding Bessemer Biotite Convolute bedding converters Biotite gneiss Cross bedding Bessemer ore Biotite schist Current bedding Beta radiation Bioturbation Discordant bedding BHP Biozone False bedding Bibliographic Birds Festoon cross bedding databases Birefringence Graded bedding Bibliographies Bismuth Slump bedding Bicadinanes Bismuth glance Torrential cross bedding Cash bidding Bismuth isotopes Bedding faults BIF Bismuth minerals Bedding plane Big bang theory Bismuth spar cleavage Billabongs Bismuthinite Bedding plane fault Binary granite .Bismutite Bedding plane Binders (materials) Cable tool bits parting Binocular Core bits Bedding plane slip microscopes Coring bits Bedding planes Bins Diamond bits Confining beds Biochemical cycles Drag bits Fluidized beds Biochemical fuel Drill bits Ground water intake beds cells Fishtail bits Indicator beds Biochemistry Percussion drill bits Marker beds Bioclimatology Percussion tool bits Red beds Biodegradability Roller bits Source beds Biodegradation Rotary drill bits Beehive kilns Biodiversity Tungsten carbide bits Beerbachite Biofacies maps Bits (tools) Beidellite Biofiltration Bitterns Diving bells Biogenesis Bitumen stripping Circum pacific belt Biogenic test Mobile belt sedimentation Bitumenite Orogenic belt Biogeochemical Bitumens Seismic belt exploration Coastal bitumens Volcanic belt Biogeochemical Natural bitumens Belt conveyors prospecting Bituminous bonded Cable belt conveyors Biogeochemistry refractories

~~299 e~~

~~GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus e~~

Bituminous cements Blue ground Botryococcane e Bituminous coal Blue Iamping Nansen bottle Bituminous Blueschist Ocean bottom materials Blueschist facies Sea bottom Bituminous sands Peat bog Bottom blown Bituminous shale Bog iron ore converters Bivalvia Bog manganese Bottom currents - Carbon black Boghead coal Bottom dumpers Black and white Boilers Bottom hole core e aerial Steam boilers Bottom hole photography Boiling point pressure Black coal Boiling water Bottom hole Black opal reactors sampling e Black sand Roof bolt Bottom hole Black shale Cable bolting temperature Black smokers Rock bolting Bottom sampling Blanket sands Bombardment Ocean bottom topography e Tunnel blast (irradiation) Bottomset bed Air blast (mine Volcanic bombs Boudinage subsidence) Bituminous bonded refractories Bouguer anomalies Blast furnaces Bonding strength Bouguer anomaly e Blasthole drilling Bonds maps Blasthole mining Bone breccia Bouguer correction Blasting Boninite Boulder clay Controlled blasting Book keeping Boulder train Sand blasting Book reviews Boulders Secondary blasting Boosters Faceted boulders - Smooth blasting Bootstrap method Bound water e Underwater blasting Borate deposits Accreting plate boundary Blasting caps Borate mineral Convergent plate boundary Blasting design deposits Divergent plate boundary Blasting gelatins Borate minerals Reservoir boundary Blasting methods Stratigraphic boundary e Borates Blasting vibration Borax Boundary element Blastoidea Bord and pillar analysis Blastomylonite mining Bournonite e Bleaching clay Reaction border Bowen reaction BLEG sampling Bore core series Blende Bore hole data Bowl classifiers Zinc blende Bore logging Solid bowl classifiers e Blenders Bore logs Bowralite Blending Bore water Core box Blind orebodies Borehole breakout Boxwork Blister copper Borehole cameras Brachiopoda e Bloating Cross borehole Brachyanticline Perched block geophysics Brachygeosyncline Slump block Borehole imaging Brachysynclines Thrust block Borehole logging Brackish water e Block caving Borehole Braided channel Block caving mining periscopes Brannerite Block diagrams Borehole surveys Brass Block faults Borehole television Braunite e Block mountains cameras Breached anticline Fault blocks Boreholes Faunal break Antimony bloom Bores First break Cobalt bloom Artesian bores Floral break e Nickel bloom Water bores Shot break Zinc bloom Boring Time break Blowers Raise boring Breakage Blowholes Shaft boring Breakers (crushers) Air blown converters Borings Breaking Bottom blown converters Bornhardts Secondary breaking - Oxygen blown converters Bornite Borehole breakout Side blown converters Boron Wind breaks e Top blown converters Boron isotopes Continental breakup Blowout preventers Borosilicate glass Breakwaters Blowout prevention Borrow pits Breast stoping Blowouts Bort Breccia e Blue asbestos Boss Beach breccia Blue granite Bostonite Bone breccia Blue green algae Botany Cataclastic breccia e 300 e e KWIC Index

Cave breccia Brucite Cable belt Collapse breccia Brucite marble conveyors Contact breccia Brunton compass Cable bolting Crush breccia Bryophyta Cable tool bits Desiccation breccia Bryozoa Cable tool drilling Diapiric breccia Bubble columns Cable tool drills Dislocation breccia Bubble size Cable tool rigs Eruption breccia Buchite Cables Explosion breccia Bucket conveyors Electrical cables Fault breccia Bucket dredges CAD Flow breccia Bucket wheel Cadastral maps Fold breccia excavators Cadmium Igneous breccia Energy budget Nickel cadmium batteries Injection breccia Heat budget Cadmium isotopes Intraformational breccia Hydrological budget Caesium Intrusion breccia Water budget Caesium isotopes Landslide breccia Budgeting Cages Reef breccia Buffer stockpiling Cainozoic Salt dome breccia Buffers (chemistry) Caisson Scree breccia Mountain building Filter cake Shatter breccia Building materials Mud cake Silty breccia Building sands Mud filter cake Sinkhole breccia Building stones Caking coal Slump breccia Buildings Calamine Solution breccia Reservoir pressure buildup Calaverite Talus breccia Pressure buildup analysis Calc alkaline rocks Tectonic breccia Wave built terrace Calc silicate Volcanic breccia Bulk cyanide hornfels Breccia pipes extractable gold Calc silicate rocks Brecciation Bulk cyanide leach Calc silicate schist Breeder reactors Bulk handling Calcarenite Fast breeder reactors Bulk leach Calcareous Coke breeze extractable gold aeolianite Silica brick Bulk mineral Calcareous crust Brick clay analysis Calcareous ooze Brick kilns Bulk mineral Calcareous sands Brick making analyzers Calcareous Bricks Bulk mineralogy sandstone Land bridge Bulk sampling Calcareous schist Bridges Bulldozers Calcareous Bright coal Bulldust sediments Bright spot Gold bullion Calcareous shale detection Bunching Calcareous sinter Brightness Bunds Calcareous soils Brilliants Bunker oil Calcareous tufa Brimstone Burial Calcflinta Brine salt Depth of burial Calcicrete Brinell hardness Waste burial Calcification Brines Burial history Calcilutite Thermal brines Burial history curve Calcination Briquetting Burial Calcite Brittle deformation metamorphism Low magnesium calcite Brittle failure Buried channel Calcium Brittleness Buried placer Calcium carbide Broken Hill type Burners Calcium carbonates deposits Burning Potassium calcium dating Hydrogen bromide Mine bursts Calcium ferrites Silver bromide Rock bursts Calcium fluoride Bromides Bush fires Calcium isotopes Bromine Bustamite Calcium Bromine isotopes Butadienes phosphates Bromlite Butanes Calcium silicates Bromoform Butte Calcium sulphates Bronzite Buttress dams Calcrete Bronzitite Byproducts Calculators Brookite Hydrocarbon byproducts Caldera Brown algae Bytownite Calibration Brown coal C axis analysis Caliche (nitrate) Red brown earth C horizon Caliche (soil) Brownfields Drilling Cable Californium development

~~301 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Californium Carbon in pulp Casinghead isotopes process Casinghead Caliper logging Carbon isotopes pressure Caliper logs Carbon monoxide Cassiterite Callovian Carbon ratio Cast (sedimentary) Calorific value Fixed carbon ratio Cast iron Calorimeter Carbon refractories Open cast mining Calorimetry Carbon tax Casting Calweld drilling Carbon trading Continuous casting Cambrian Carbon trash Worm casts Cameras Carbonaceous ores Cataclastic breccia Borehole cameras Carbonaceous Cataclastic Borehole television cameras rocks conglomerate Cartographic cameras Carbonaceous Cataclastic Mapping cameras sediments metamorphism Stereoscopic cameras Carbonaceous Cataclastic rocks Underwater cameras shale Cataclastite Camptonite Carbonate minerals Catalogues Canga Carbonate Catalysts Cannel coal reservoirs Catalytic cracking Canyons Carbonate rocks Catchment Submarine canyons Carbonate Cathodic protection Icecap sediments Cathodic stripping Gas cap drive Carbonates voltammetry Capacitors Calcium carbonates Cathodolumine Bearing capacity Copper carbonates scence Exchange capacity Magnesium carbonates Cathodolumine- Heat capacity Potassium carbonates scence dating Ultimate bearing capacity Sodium carbonates Cation exchanging Deliverability capacity (wells) Carbonation Cations Coastal capes Carbonatite Caustic soda Capillarity Carboniferous Cave breccia Capillary Carbonization Sublevel cave mining conductivity Chloro fluoro carbons Caves Capillary movement Carborundum Umestone caves Capillary pressure Carcinogens Block caving Capillary water Card index systems Sublevel caving Capillary yield Edge notch cards Caving mining Capital Magnetic cards Block caving mining Working capital Punched cards CD ROM Capital costs Care and Celadonite Caprock maintenance Celestite Blasting caps Careers Biochemical fuel cells Gas caps Cargo Dry cells River capture transportation Electrolytic cells Caradocian Carlin type deposits Flotation cells Calcium carbide Monte Carlo method Fuel cells Iron carbide Carlsbad twin law Uquid metal fuel cells Silicon carbide Carnallite Photoelectric cells Tungsten carbide bits Carnelian Photoemissive cells Carbides Carnotite Photovoltaic cells Metal carbides Common carriers Regenerative fuel cells Tungsten carbides Mine cars Solar cells Carbon Cartographic Celsian Activated carbon cameras Cement additives Total organic carbon Cartography Cement aggregate Carbon arc Carving properties reactions Carbon black Case hardening Cement grouts Carbon compounds (geological) Cement making Carbon cycle Case hardening Cementation Carbon dating (metallurgical) Zone of cementation Carbon dioxide Case histories Cementation Carbon dioxide Case notes (diagenesis) cycle Legal case notes Cementation Carbon dioxide Case studies process flooding Cash bidding Cemented filling Carbon dioxide Cash flow Cementing removal Discounted cash flow Well cementing Carbon filament Casing Cementite Carbon in leach Well casing Cements process Casing tools Aluminate cements

~~302 KWIC Index~~

Asbestos cements Buried channel Crystal chemistry Bituminous cements Fluvial channel Ground water chemistry Expanding cements Solution channel Inorganic chemistry Gypsum cements Channel sampling Mineral chemistry Hydraulic cements Channel sands Organic chemistry Lime cements River channels Petroleum chemistry Low heat cements Char Physical chemistry Masonry cements Pressure characteristics Precipitation (chemistry) Oil well cements Reservoir characteristics Quantum chemistry Portland cements Charcoal Reduction (chemistry) Portland slag cements Activated charcoal Rock chemistry Resin cements Mineral charcoal Shale oil chemistry Slag cements Battery chargers Soil chemistry Soil cements Shaped charges Surface chemistry Sulfate resisting cements Charitable trusts Water chemistry Sulphate resisting cements Charnockite Chemographic White portland cements Energy flow chart analysis Cenozoic Flow charting Chemography Information centres Charts Chemostratigraphy Centrifugal Bathymetric charts Cheniers classifiers Flow charts Cheralite Centrifugal Oceanographic charts Cherry pickers compressors Organization charts Chert Centrifugal process Chattermark Chert nodule (uranium) Cheilanthanes Chiastolite Centrifugal pumps Chemical alteration Chiastolite schist Centrifugal Chemical analysis Chilled margin separation Indicators (chemical analysis) Chimney (volcanic) Centrifugal Instrumental chemical analysis Chimneys separators Chemical China clay Centrifuges composition China stone Cephalopoda Chemical Rock chip sampling Ceramic clay compounds Chiroptera Ceramic coatings Chemical Chitinozoa Ceramic decontamination Chloanthite compounds Chemical Copper chloride Ceramic fuel determination Ferric chloride reactors Chemical Hydrogen chloride Ceramic materials engineering Potassium chloride Ceramic pipes Chemical Silver chloride Ceramic refractories equilibrium Sodium chloride Ceramic tiles Chemical extraction Chloride process Ceramics Chemical fossils Chlorides Ceramics industry Chemical grouts Chlorination Cerargyrite Chemical indicators Chlorinators Carine Chemical industry Chlorine Cerite Chemical Chlorine dating Cerium laboratories Chlorine isotopes Cerium isotopes Chemical mining Chlorite Cerussite Chemical pollutants Chlorite schist Cervantite Chemical Chloritic shale Cesium precipitation Chloritization Cetacea Chemical processes Chloro fluoro CFC Chemical properties carbons Chain conveyors Chemical reactions Chloro fluoro Chalcanthite Chemical reactors hydrocarbons Chalcedony Chemical removal Chlorophyll Chalcocite (water treatment) Chlorosulphonation Chalcodite Chemical Chondrichthyes Chalcopyrite sedimentation Chondrites Chalcosiderite Chemical Chondrules Chalcostibite stabilization CHP generation Chalk Chemical synthesis Christmas tree Magma chamber Chemical Chromatographic Refuge chambesr weathering analysis Combustion chambers Chemicals Chromatography Chamosite Chemistry Column chromatography Climate change Analytical chemistry Gas chromatography Isostatic change Buffers (chemistry) Gas liquid chromatography Abandoned channel Coal chemistry Liquid chromatography Braided channel Colloid chemistry Paper chromatography

~~303 e~~

~~GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus e~~

Chrome diopside Clastic rocks Cloud cover e Chrome spinel Clastic sediments Dust cloud hypothesis Chromite Clay Cloud seeding Chromite deposits Activated clay Clouded agate Chromite minerals Ball clay Clustering e Chromitite Bleaching clay Cnidaria Chromium Boulder clay Coagulation Chromium deposits Brick clay Coal Chromium isotopes Ceramic clay Allochthonous coal e Chromium minerals China clay Autochthonous coal Chromium steel Coating clay Banded coal Tree ring chronology Filler clay Bituminous coal Chronostratigraphy Fire clay Black coal e Chronozone Flint clay Boghead coal Chrysoberyl Moulding clay Bright coal Chrysocolla Paper clay Brown coal Chrysolite Pelleting clay Caking coal e Chrysoprase Pipe clay Cannel coal Chrysotile Plastic clay Coking coal Churn drilling Pottery clay Dull coal Churn drills Whiteclay High sulphur coal e Chutes Expanded clay aggregates Low grade coal Cinder cones Clay cores Low rank coal Films (cinematography) Clay deposits Metallurgical coal Cinnabar Clay gouge Noncoking coal e CIPW classification Clay mineralogy Pulverized coal Mohr circles Clay minerals Sapropelic coal Control circuits Clay pits Semibituminious coal Electrical circuits Clay shale Steaming coal e Circular shafts Clay slate Subbituminous coal Air circulation Clay soils Thermal coal Atmospheric circulation Claypan Ultimate analysis (coal) e Draft tube circulation Clays Ultraclean coal Lost circulation Refractory clays Coal analysis Mud circulation Claystone Coal ash Oceanic circulation Clean coal Coal basins e Well circulation technology Coal chemistry Reverse circulation drilling Air cleaners Coal classification Circulation fluid Washers (cleaners) Coal cleaning Circum pacific belt Coal cleaning Coal combustion e Cirque Gas cleaning Coal constituents Civil engineering aeat Coal consumption Clad ism Cleavage Coal conversion Mineral claims Axial plane cleavage Coal cutters e Mining claims Basal cleavage Coal degasification Clarain Bedding plane cleavage Coal deposits Clarification Crenulation cleavage Coal dust Water clarification Flow cleavage Coal exploration e Clarifiers Fracture cleavage Coal fields Clarinite Shear cleavage Coal gas Clarke Slaty cleavage Coal gasification Classical geodesy Strain slip cleavage Coal genesis e Classification Cleavage banding Coal geology CIPW classification Cleavage plane Coal handling Coal classification Cliffs Coal industry Size classification Climate Coal liquefaction e Soil classification Continental climate Coal loaders Stratigraphic classification Climate change Coal macerals Terrain classification Climatic cycles Coal measures Classifiers Climatic zones Coal mines e Bowl classifiers Climatology Coal mining Centrifugal classifiers Climbing ripple Coal oil mixtures Cone classifiers Oinker Coal outbursts Drag classifiers Clinoenstatite Coal petrology e Rake classifiers Clinometers Coal pits Size classifiers Clinopyroxene Coal policy Solid bowl classifiers Clinozoisite Coal preparation Spiral classifiers Closed structure Coal prices e Clastic deformation Closure Coal production Clastic dyke Mine closure Coal properties Clastic ratio Structural closure Coal quality e 304 e e KWIC Index

Coal rank Coelenterata Heat of combustion Coal recovery Cofferdams In situ combustion Coal reserve Coffinite Spontaneous combustion estimation Cogeneration Combustion Coal reserves Cohesion chambers Coal resource maps Cohesionless soils Combustion control Coal resources Cohesive soils Combustion Coal seams Cohesive strength efficiency Coal statistics Coiled tubing Combustion Coal storage Coke products Coal tar Metallurgical coke Comets Clean coal technology Coke breeze Commerce Coal washing Coke making Comminution Coal wastes Coke ovens High pressure comminution Coal water mixtures Coking coal Milling (comminution) Coalbed gas Coleoidea Size reduction (comminution) Coalbed methane Collapse breccia Comminution Coalification Collapse craters equipment Coarse aggregates Collapsing soils Commissioning Coarse grained rock Drill collars Commodity Coarse sand Seed collecting agreements Coarsely crystalline Specimen collecting Commodity Coast protection Collecting reagents economics Coastal berms Dust collection Common carriers Coastal bitumens Solar collectors Common opal Coastal capes Solar energy collectors Radio communication Coastal dunes Collenia Satellite communication Coastal energy Collieries Communications Coastal engineering Collision zone Mine communications Coastal erosion Colloform Underground communications Coastal features Colloid chemistry Community Coastal Colloids development management Colloquium Commuter mining Coastal onlap Colluvial deposit Compactibility Coastal plains Colluvium Compacting Coastal topographic Coloradoite Roll compacting features Colorimeters Vibratory compacting Stranded coastlines Colorimetric Compaction Coasts analysis Differential compaction Coating clay Colorimetric Sand compaction Coatings methods Soil compaction Ceramic coatings Colorimetric sorting Compaction Organic coatings Colorimetry (geology) Precious metal coatings Colour Compaction curve Protective coatings Colour aerial Compaction folds Refractory coatings photography Compaction test Cobalt Conodont colour alteration Companies Cobalt bloom index Multinational companies Cobalt deposits Colour photography Brunton compass Cobalt isotopes Aerial colour photography Prismatic compass Cobalt minerals Interference colours Compasses Cobaltite Columbite Magnetic compasses Cobbles Columbium Compensation Coccolith Drill column Error compensation Mining code Geological column Competent rock Safety code Mud column Dual zone completion Stratigraphic code Stratigraphic column Multiple completion Code of ethics Column Offshore completion Code of practice chromatography Open hole completion Codes Column flotation Slim hole completion Correlation coefficient Column leaching Subsea completion Permeability coefficient Columnar jointing Tubing completion Runoff coefficient Columnar section Underwater completion Transmissibility coeffiCient Bubble columns Well completion Coefficient of Combined cycle Well completion friction power generation practices Coefficient of Combined heat and Well completion report variation power generation Core complex Coefficient of Combustion Metamorphic complex viscosity Coal combustion Ring complex Ionization coefficients Flameless combustion Complex folds

~~305 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Complex ores Computer Mud conditioning Reef complexes technology Water conditioning Electrical components Computer viruses Excavation conditions Composite Computerized Working conditions intrusions simulation Conductivity Composite logs Computers Capillary conductivity Composite Analogue computers Hydraulic conductivity materials Digital computers Thermal conductivity Composite Hardware (computers) Conductivity logging photographs Hybrid computers Conductivity logs Composition Programming (computers) Shatter cone Atmospheric composition Programs (computers) Spatter cone Chemical composition Software (computers) Cone classifiers Ammonium compounds Computing Cone crushers Argon compounds machines Pyrometric cone equivalent Carbon compounds Concave cross Cone in cone Ceramic compounds bedding structure Chemical compounds Concealed deposits Cone of depression Gold compounds Beach concentrate Cone in cone structure Helium compounds Pan concentrate Cinder cones Neon compounds sampling Volcanic cones Nitrogen compounds Concentrates Conferences Nitrogen inorganic compounds Mineral concentrates Confidence limits Organic compounds Concentrating Confidentiality Radon compounds Gravity concentration Electrode configuration Tungsten compounds Ore concentration Confined aquifer Xenon compounds Oxygen concentration Leaky confined bed Compressed air Spiral concentration Confined water Compressed gas Concentrators Confining beds Compressibility Jigs (concentrators) Confining pressure Compression Gravity concentrators Para conformity Compression faults Sluices (concentrators) Conglomerate Triaxial compression test Solar energy concentrators Arkosic conglomerate Compression tests Tables (concentrators) Basal conglomerate Compressional Concentric folds Cataclastic conglomerate waves Concentric Crush conglomerate Compressive structures Desiccation conglomerate properties Concentric Dolomitic conglomerate Compressive weathering lnterformational conglomerate strength Conceptual models Intraformational conglomerate Compressor Conchostraca Mudstone conglomerate stations Concordant bedding Sandy conglomerate Compressors Concordant Conglomeratic Air compressors drainage mudstone Axial flow compressors Concrete Conglomeratic Centrifugal compressors Lightweight concrete sandstone Gas compressors Post tensioned concrete Congress Reciprocating compressors Precast concrete Conic projection Rotary compressors Prestressed concrete Conical mills Networks (computer) Ready mixed concrete Coniferales Computer aided Reinforced concrete Conjugate system design Concrete dams Connate water Computer Concrete piles Conodont colour applications Prestressed concrete piles alteration index Computer Concrete products Conodonta contouring Refractory concretes Consequent Computer control Concretion streams Computer graphics Lime concretion Conservation Computer hardware Gas condensate Energy conservation Computer methods Condensate gas Mineral conservation Computer modelling Condensate wells Soil conservation Computer networks Condensates Stone conservation Computer Condensers Water conservation processing (liquefiers) Consolidated back Computer programs Condensing fill Computer Condensing steam Consolidation simulation drive Decay constant Computer software Condition Dielectric constant Computer storage monitoring Coal constituents devices Air conditioning Constitution Flotation conditioning diagrams

~~306 KWIC Index~~

Constraints Continuous Convergent plate Highway construction processes boundary Pipeline construction Continuous profiling Coal conversion Plant construction Continuous Metric conversion Water well construction sintering Natural gas conversion Well construction Continuous spectra Salt water conversion Construction costs Continuous Converter reactors Construction weighing Converters materials Contorted bedding Air blown converters Consultants Contour interval Basic converters Consumer tariffs Contour line Bessemer converters Consumption Contour maps Bottom blown converters Coal consumption Ore grade contour maps Copper converters Energy consumption Structure contour maps Iron converters Gas consumption Computer contouring Lead converters Oil consumption Contourites Metallurgical converters Petroleum consumption Contours Nickel converters Gas oil contact Structure contours Oxygen blown converters Gas water contact Topographic contours Side blown converters Oil water contact Contract services Steel converters Contact breccia Contracts Top blown converters Contact goniometer Contractual Conveyor belts Contact logging arrangements Conveyors Contact logs Acidity control Auger conveyors Contact Air pollution control Belt conveyors metamorphism Alkalinity control Bucket conveyors Contact Automatic control Cable belt conveyors metasomatism Biological control Chain conveyors Containerization Combustion control High angle conveyors Containers Computer control Hydraulic conveyors Nuclear reactor containment Cost control Oscillating conveyors Contaminant Dust control Pneumatic conveyors migration Electronic control Screw conveyors Contaminant Erosion control Convolute bedding transport Evaporation control Coolants Contaminants Flood control Gas cooled reactors Contamination Flow control Liquid metal cooled reactors Radioactive contamination Grade control Organic cooled reactors Contemporaneous Ground control Water cooled reactors deformation Inventory control Water coolers Contemporaneous Noise control Cooling erosion Nuclear reactor control Air cooling Contemporaneous Odour control Evaporative cooling faults pH control Water cooling Ash content Pneumatic control Cooling curves Gas content Pollution control Cooling systems Moisture content Process control Cooling towers Water content Production control Water cooling towers Continental Project control Geodetic coordinates accretion Quality control Coorongite Continental breakup Remote control Copper Continental climate Roof control Blister copper Continental crust Sand control Emerald copper Continental Spillage control Native copper deposits Strata control Copper alloys Continental drift Structural control Copper arsenate Continental margin Temperature control Copper carbonates Continental Well control Copper chloride movement Grade control (ore) Copper converters Continental platform Production control (petroleum) Copper deposits Continental rise Microorganism control (water) Porphyry copper deposits Continental shelf Control circuits Red bed copper deposits Continental shield Control rods Copper exploration Continental slope Control systems Copper glance Continents Glacial control theory Silver copper glance Continuing Controlled blasting Copper isotopes education Ore controls Copper matte Continuous casting Convection Copper minerals Continuous coring Conventions Copper mines Continuous mining Convergence map Copper ores Convergent margin Copper oxides

~~307 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Copper production Isostatic correction Country rock Copper pyrites Latitude correction Inductively coupled plasma Copper refining Topographic correction spectre Copper reserves Gravity corrections Base courses and Copper resources Static corrections pavements Copper smelting Correlation Covellite Copper sulphate Biostratigraphic correlation Cloud cover Copper sulphides Data correlation Ground cover Coprolites Lithologic correlation Cover systems Copyright Seismic correlation Cut and cover tunnelling Coquina Stratigraphic correlation Catalytic cracking Coral Subsurface correlation Cracking process Fossil coral Time correlation Desiccation cracks Rugose coral (geological) Mud cracks Tabulate coral Correlation Shrinkage cracks Coral limestone coefficient Cranes Coral reefs Correlation shooting Crater lakes Detonating cord Correlation Craters Cordierite techniques Collapse craters Cordillera Corrosion Explosion craters Bore core Atmospheric corrosion Impact craters Bottom hole core Electrochemical corrosion Lunar craters Drill core Metal corrosion Meteorite craters Earth core Sea water corrosion Volcanic craters Oriented core Corrosion fatigue Cratonic basins Sidewall core Corrosion inhibitors Cratons Core analysis Corrosion Creep Drill core analysis prevention Soil creep Oriented core barrel Corrosion Crenulation Punch core barrel resistance cleavage Rotary core barrel Corrosion tests Crenulation folds Rubber sleeve core barrel Atmospheric corrosion tests Flood crest Sidewall core barrel Field corrosion tests Cretaceous Wire line core barrel Galvanic corrosion tests Crevasses Core barrels Corundum Drill crews Core bits Cosmic noise Crinoidea Core box Cosmic rays Crinozoa Core complex Solar cosmic rays Crisis management Drill core data Cosmology Cristobalite Core drilling Cost accounting Design criteria Air core drilling Cost analysis Critical density Diamond core drilling Benefit cost analysis Critical path method Core library Cost benefit Critical path Core logging analysis scheduling Core logs Cost control Critical pressure Core orientation Cost effectiveness Critical temperature Magnetic core orientation Benefit cost ratios Crocidolite Core photographs Costeaning Crocodilia Core photography Costs Crocoite Core recovery Capital costs Crone EM surveys Core samples Construction costs Cronstedtite Core sampling Direct costs Cross bedding Drill core sampling Energy costs Concave cross bedding Foundry core sands Exploration costs Festoon cross bedding Core storage Indirect costs Torrential cross bedding Clay cores Operating costs Cross borehole Reactor cores Cottrell precipitators geophysics Cores (drill) Counter current Cross faults Coring decantation Cross folds Continuous coring Counter current Cross sections Sidewall coring washing Balanced cross sections Wire line coring Gamma counters Crossed nicols Coring bits Geiger counters Cross hole Coring equipment Geiger muller counters geophysics Corings Ionization counters Crosshole seismic Solar corona Neutron counters methods Corrasion Nuclear emulsion counters Crossopterygii Bouguer correction Particle counters Crude oil Drift correction Radiation counters Crude oil production Error correction Scintillation counters Crude oil recovery Free air correction Developing countries Crude petroleum

~~308 KWIC Index~~

Asphalt base crudes Order of crystallization Cut and fill Mixed base crudes Strain crystallization structures Naphthene base crudes Water of crystallization Wave cut bench Paraffin base crudes Crystallization Open cut mining Sour crudes (mineralogy) Gas cut muds Sweet crudes Crystallizers Oil cut muds Crush breccia Crystallographic Marine cut platform Crush conglomerate axis Wave cut platforms Crushed stone Crystallography Marine cut terrace Crushers X ray crystallography Gas cut water Breakers (crushers) Piezoelectric crystals Cutoff grade Cone crushers Cubanite Cutter loaders Gyratory crushers Cubic system Coal cutters Impact crushers Cuestas Gem cutting Jaw crushers Cummingtonite Jet cutting Mobile crushers Fume cupboards Rock cutting Primary crushers Cupellation Water jet cutting Rock crushers Cuprite Cutting fluids Roll crushers Curium Cuttings Secondary crushers Curium isotopes Drill cuttings Crushing Gold currency Well cuttings Particle size Earth current Cuttings reduction (crushing) Flood current (excavation) Primary crushing Telluric current Drill cuttings analysis Secondary crushing Current bedding Drill cuttings sampling Crushing strength Counter current decantation Cyanidation Crust Current energy Hydrogen cyanide Calcareous crust Direct current exploration Potassium cyanide Continental crust Telluric current exploration Sodium cyanide Earth crust Focussed current logging Bulk cyanide extractable Lunar crust Direct current methods gold Ocean crust Telluric current methods Bulk cyanide leach Oceanic crust Current ripple Cyanides Crustacea marks Cyanite Crustal abundance Direct current survey Cyanophyta Crustal equipment Arid cycle downwarping Telluric current survey Carbon cycle Crustal evolution equipmePt Carbon dioxide cycle Crustal extension Direct current surveys Erosion cycle Crustal movements Telluric current surveys Geomorphic cycle Crustal plate Counter current washing Geosyndinal cycle Crustal shortening Bottom currents Geotectonic cycle Crustal structure Density currents Glacial cycle Crustal thickness Equatorial currents Hydrologic cycle Cryogenics Littoral currents Iodine cycle Cryolite Ocean currents Nitrogen cycle Cryptocrystalline River currents Nuclear fuel cycle texture Salinity currents Orogenic cycle Cryptoexplosion Tidal currents Oxygen cycle structure Turbidity currents Phosphorus cycle Cryptozoon Backwater curve Rankine cycle Quartz crystal Burial history curve Sedimentary cycle Rock crystal Compaction curve Silicon cycle Crystal chemistry Flood frequency curve Sulfur cycle Crystal fractionation Master curve Sulphur cycle Crystal growth Porosity curve Tectonic cycle Crystal lattice Production decline curve Uranium fuel cycle Crystal structure Self potential curve Water cycle Crystal symmetry SP curve Cycle of erosion Crystal systems Spontaneous Combined cycle power Crystal tuff potential curve generation Fractional crystalization Time depth curve Biochemical cycles Coarsely crystalline Time distance curve Climatic cycles Crystalline Type curve Geochemical cycles basement Curve matching Cyclone filters Crystalline Cooling curves Cyclone separation limestone Resistivity curves Cyclone separators Crystalline rocks Cut and cover Heavy media cyclones Crystalline schist tunnelling Mud cyclones Crystallization Cut and fill mining Tropical cyclones Heat of crystallization

~~309 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Cyclones Data storage Deaerators (engineering) Data systems Nuclear debate Cyclones (weather) Data warehousing Debentures Cylindrical folds Databases Decantation Cyprus type Bibliographic databases Counter current decantation deposits Numeric databases Decapoda D layer Reference databases Aerobic decay Dacite Spatial databases Anaerobic decay Daily variation Dating Radioactive decay Dam site Age dating Decay constant investigations Amino acid dating Dechlorination Formation damage Argon dating Decision methods Property damage Argon argon dating Decision theory Radiation damage Carbon dating Declination Damourite Cathodoluminescen Magnetic declination Salt damp cedating Production decline curve Dams Chlorine dating Declines Arch dams Electron spin Decollement Arch gravity dams resonance dating Decommissioning Barrages (dams) ESRdating Decomposition Buttress dams Fission dating Decontamination Concrete dams Fission track dating Chemical decontamination Earth dams Fluorine dating Radioactive decontamination Flood dams Helium dating Deconvolution Gravity dams Ionium deficiency dating Decrepitation Masonry dams Ionium excess dating Deep drilling Rockfill dams Ionium thorium dating Deep focus Slime dams KArdating earthquakes Tailings dams Lead alpha dating Deep lead maps Damsites Lead isotope dating Deep leads Darcys law Lutetium hafnium dating Deep mining Darwin glass Magnetic dating Deep sea deposits Data Neodymium Deep sea dredging Analogue data samarium dating Deep sea drilling Base line data Neodymium Deep sea mineral Bore hole data strontium dating deposits Digital data Palaeomagnetic dating Deep sea mining Drill core data Pleochroic halo dating Deep sea Drill hole data Potassium argon dating sediments Geochemical data Potassium calcium dating Deep seismic Geological data Racemization dating methods Geophysical data Radioactive dating Deep seismic Gravity data Radioactive isotope dating surveys Hydrological data Radiocarbon dating Deep water Magnetic data Radiogenic dating Deepwater Numerical data Radiometric dating production Point data Rhenium osmium dating Deep wells Raster data Rubidium strontium dating Ocean deeps Reservoir data Spontaneous fission Ionium deficiency dating Seismic data track dating Oxygen deficit Spatial data Strontium dating Stratigraphic definition Temporal data Thermoluminescenc Deflation Vector data e dating Deflation lag Vectorial data Thorium dating sampling Data acquisition Thorium lead dating Deflected drilling Data analysis Track etch dating Gravity deflection Data correlation Tritium dating Deflocculation Data handling Uranium 234 dating Brittle deformation Data management Uranium isotope dating Clastic deformation Data mining Uranium lead dating Contemporaneous deformation Data modelling Uranium series dating Ductile deformation Data packages Uranium thorium Elastic deformation Data processing lead dating Penecontemporane Automatic data processing Zircon dating ous deformation Electronic data processing Datum Plastic deformation Integrated data processing Shot datum Polyphase deformation Data processing Radon daughters Rock deformation equipment Davidite Deformation Data reprocessing Davis magnetic test (materials) Data retrieval Dead rivers Data standards Deaeration

~~310 KWIC Index~~

Deformation Alluvial gold deposits Non metalliferous deposits (structural Alluvial mineral deposits Oil shale deposits geology) Alluvial tin deposits Ore deposits Deformed fossils Aluminium deposits Peat deposits Degasification Anhydrite deposits Pegmatitic deposits Coal degasification Antimony deposits Phosphate deposits Degassers Arsenate mineral deposits Placer deposits Mud degassing Arsenic deposits Platinum deposits Degradation Asbestos deposits Pneumatolytic deposits Degrading stream Barite deposits Polymetallic deposits Dehumidification Base metal deposits Porphyry copper deposits Dehumidifiers Bauxite deposits Porphyry mineral deposits Dehydrating Borate deposits Potash deposits Dehydration Borate mineral deposits Potassium nitrate deposits Dehydrators Broken Hill type deposits Precious metal deposits Deionization Carlin type deposits Red bed copper deposits Delay time Chromite deposits Replacement deposits Delithification Chromium deposits Residual deposits Well deliverability Clay deposits Rock salt deposits Deliverability Coal deposits Salt deposits capacity (wells) Cobalt deposits Sediment hosted deposits Delta T Concealed deposits Sedimentary deposits Tdelta T Continental deposits Sedimentary deposits Deltaic environment Copper deposits mineral Deltaic facies Cyprus type deposits Silver deposits Deltaic sediments Deep sea deposits Soda ash deposits Deltas Deep sea mineral deposits Stratabound deposits Estuarine deltas Diamond deposits Stratiform deposits Submarine deltas Diamond placer deposits Stratiform mineral deposits Demagnetisation Disseminated deposits Submarine mineral deposits Demineralization Epigenetic deposits Sulfide deposits Demineralizers Epigenetic mineral deposits Sulfur deposits Demineralizing Epithermal deposits Sulphide deposits Demisters Evaporite deposits Sulphur deposits Industrial democracy Exhalative deposits Supergene deposits Demography Gem deposits Surficial deposits Dendrite Gem placer deposits Syngenetic deposits Dendritic drainage Gold deposits Talc deposits pattern Gold placer deposits Terrestrial deposits Dendrochronology Graphite deposits Tin deposits Dense media Gypsum deposits Tin placer deposits separation Heavy metal deposits Titanium deposits Density Heavy mineral deposits Tungsten deposits Critical density Hydrothermal deposits Tungsten mineral deposits Relative density Hypogene deposits Undersea mineral deposits Density currents Hypothermal deposits Uranium deposits Density logging Iron deposits Vanadium deposits Density logs Kuroko deposits Vein deposits Low density muds Lag deposits Volcanic deposits Density profile Lake deposits Volcanic exhalative deposits Density stratification Lateritic gold deposits Volcanic hosted deposits Denudation Lateritic nickel deposits Volcanogenic deposits Deoxidizers Lead deposits Xenothermal deposits Government departments Lithium deposits Zinc deposits Depletion Lode deposits Grade (mineral deposits) Ground water depletion Magmatic deposits Zoning (mineral deposits) Natural depletion Magmatic ore deposits Detrital depostis Colluvial deposit Manganese deposits Depreciation Kupferschiefer type deposit Marine deposits Depressing Network deposit Marine placer deposits reagents Deposition Massive sulphide deposits Cone of depression Environment of deposition Mercury deposits Basement depth Environmental deposition Mesothermal deposits Focal depth Depositional basins Metalliferous deposits Shallow depth Depositional dip Metamorphic deposits Time depth curve Depositional Mineral deposits Ore depth estimation environment Mississippi Valley Depth finders Aeolian deposits type deposits Basement depth maps Alluvial deposits Molybdenum deposits Pre stack depth migration Alluvial diamond deposits Nickel deposits Depth of burial Alluvial gem deposits Nitrate deposits Depth sounding

~~311 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Depth structure Age determination Dialyzers maps methods Large diameter drilling Deregulation Detonating cord Diamictite Derivative maps Detonation Diamond bits Second derivative maps Electrical detonation Diamond core Derivatives Detonators drilling Derricks Nonelectrical detonators Diamond deposits Desalination Detrital depostis Alluvial diamond deposits Desalting Detrital minerals Diamond drilling Desanding Detrital sediments Diamond drills Mud desanding Detritus Diamond Descriptors Deuteric alteration exploration Desert polish Deuterium Diamond mines Desert varnish Deuterium oxide Diamond Desertification Developing occurrence Deserts countries Diamond placer Stony deserts Development deposits Desiccants Brownfields development Diamond production Desiccation Community development Diamond pyramid Desiccation Ecologically hardness tests (geology) sustainable development Diamond reserves Desiccation breccia Greenfields development Diamond sorting Desiccation Land development Diamonds conglomerate Mine development Artificial diamonds Desiccation cracks Petroleum development Industrial diamonds Desiccators Project development Synthetic diamonds Design Research and development Dianite Blasting design Resource development Diaphragm pumps Computer aided design Single entry development Diaphragms Equipment design Slope development Diapiric breccia Mine design Structural development Diapiric fold Plant design Sustainable development Diapirism Slope design Development Diapirs Design criteria software Salt diapirs Desilverizing Development wells Shale diapirs Deslimers Deviation Diapsida Desliming Hole deviation Diaspore Desorption Standard deviation Diasporite Destructive Computer storage devices Diastem distillation Safety devices Diastrophism Destructive testing Devitrification Diatomaceous earth Desulphurization Devitrified glass Diatomite Detachment Devonian Diatoms Detachment (faults) Dewaterers Diatremes Acoustic detection Drainage (dewatering) Dickite Bright spot detection Dewatering Dictionaries Direct detection (draining) Dieback Flat spot detection Dewatering Dielectric constant Magnetic detection (separation) Dielectric Magnetic airborne detection Dezincing separation Magnetic anomaly detection Diabase Diesel electric Nuclear explosion detection Diagenesis power generation Radon detection Cementation (diagenesis) Diesel fuel Seismic detection Organic diagenesis Diesel locomotives Sonic detection Retrograde diagenesis Diesel powered Alpha particle detectors Diagenetic facies equipment Beryllium detectors Diagnostic routines Diesel trucks Gas detectors Fabric diagram Diesel vehicles Metal detectors Petrofabric diagram Finite difference analysis Neutron detectors Pollen diagram Analogue differential Radiation detectors Block diagrams analyzers Scintillation detectors Constitution diagrams Differential Detergents Equilibrium diagrams compaction Absolute age determination Fence diagrams Differential erosion Age determination Phase diagrams Differential thermal Chemical determination Rose diagrams analysis Geological age determination Ternary diagrams Differential Isotopic age determination Variation diagrams weathering Radioactive age determination Diallage Magmatic differentiation Radiometric age determination Diallagite Pneumatolytic differentiation Size determination Dialysis Sedimentary differentiation

~~312 KWIC Index~~

Differentiation True dip Fault displacement (magmatic) Dip faults Displacement Powder diffraction Dip indication maps reactions X ray diffraction Dip shooting Visual display terminals X ray powder diffraction Dip slip faults Garbage disposal Electron diffraction analysis Dipmeter Marine disposal X ray diffraction pattern Dipmeter logs Refuse disposal Diffractometers Dipole dipole array Subaqueous disposal Diffusers Pole dipole array Tailings disposal Diffusion Dipole dipole array Waste disposal Diffusion process Dipole field Disposal basins (uranium)· Diprotodonta Disposal wells Thermal diffusion separation Direct costs Dispute resolution Digenite Direct current Dissected Digestion exploration peneplains Dighem method Direct current Dissected plateaus Dighem surveys methods Dissection Digital computers Direct current Disseminated Digital data survey deposits Digital filters equipment Information dissemination Digital logs Direct current Dissertations Digital maps surveys Dissociation Digital processing Direct detection Dissolution Digital Direct hydrocarbon Dissolved gas seismographs indicators Dissolved gas drive Digital simulation Direct reduction Dissolved load Dikes Directed line source Focal distance Dikes (engineering) Extinction direction Time distance curve Dikes (intrusive Directional drilling Electromag distance rocks) Directional logs measurement Dilatancy Directional well Distance measuring Due diligence logging equipment Dilution (ore) Directional well logs Distillation Dimension stone Directional wells Destructive distillation Four dimensional Directories Distilled water information Disaster Distribution systems management Ecologic distribution Three dimensional Disaster relief Electrical power distribution methods Disc filters Exponential distribution Four dimensional models Artesian discharge Frequency distribution Three dimensional models Ground water discharge Gas distribution Two dimensional models Well discharge tests Gaussian distribution Three dimensional seismic Information disclosure Normal distribution surveys Non disclosure Particle size distribution Two dimensional seismic agreements Size distribution surveys Disconformity Size frequency distribution Dinoflagellates Discontinuity Water distribution Dinosaurs M discontinuity Distribution Dinosterane Mohorovicic discontinuity functions Diopside Seismic discontinuity Statistical distributions Chrome diopside Discordant bedding Gravity disturbances Dioptase Discounted cash Magnetic disturbances Diorite flow Diterpanes Orthoclase diorite Mineral discovery Diurnal variation Pyroxene diorite Petroleum discovery Divergent plate Quartz diorite Discovery wella boundary Quartz mica diorite Discriminant Divers Diorite porphyry analysis Diving bells Carbon dioxide Discussion Divining Sulfur dioxide Industrial diseases Water divining Sulphur dioxide Occupational diseases Documentation Titanium dioxide Respiratory diseases Indexes (documentation) Carbon dioxide cycle Disequilibrium Dolerite Carbon dioxide flooding Disharmonic folds Analcime dolerite Carbon dioxide removal Radioactive disintegration Quartz dolerite Dip Magnetic disks Dolomite (mineral) Apparent dip Dislocation breccia Dolomite (rock) Depositional dip Oil slick dispersion Dolomitic False dip Dispersions conglomerate Initial dip Geochemical dispersions Dolomitic limestone Regional dip Dispersive soils Dolomitic marble

~~313 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Dolomitic shale Littoral drift Percussion drilling Dolomitization Drift correction Pneumatic drilling Dolostone Drift ice RAB drilling Frequency domain Drift mining RCdrilling Time domain Slant hole driling Reverse circulation drilling Magnetic domain maps Cores (drill) Rock drilling Piercement dome Shothole drill Rotary drilling Salt dome breccia Drill bits Rotary airblast drilling Dome structures Percussion drill bits Rotary percussion drilling Salt domes Rotary drill bits Shot drilling Domes (geological) Drill collars Slim hole drilling Dormant volcanoes Drill column Sonic drilling Dosimeters Drill core Stratigraphic drilling Dosimetry Drill core analysis Thermal drilling Down hole drilling Drill core data Turbine drilling Down hole drills Drill core sampling Under balanced drilling Down hole Drill crews Underwater drilling geophysics Drill cuttings Vacuum drilling Down hole hammer Drill cuttings Well drilling drills analysis Wire line drilling Down hole probe Drill cuttings Drilling cable Downhole surveys sampling Drilling equipment Downwarping Drill hole data Drilling fluids Crustal downwarping Drill hole logs Drilling muds Dowsing Drill holes Drilling platforms Draft tube Uncased drill holes Marine drilling platforms circulation Drill logs Drilling platforms Drag bits Drill pipe (mining) Drag classifiers Drill rod Drilling problems Reverse drag fold Drill ships Ocean drilling program Drag folds Drill steels Drilling rate Drag lines Drill stem testing Drilling rigs Acid mine drainage Drill stems Percussion drilling rigs Concordant drainage Drill strings Rotary drilling rigs Glacial drainage Drillers logs Rotary drilling tables Gravity drainage Drillers reports Drilling time Interior drainage Drilling Drillings Methane drainage Abrasive jet drilling Drills Mine drainage Acoustic drilling Cable tool drills Pump drainage Air drilling Chum drills Radial drainage Air core drilling Diamond drills Subsurface drainage Airtrac drilling Down hole drills Subterranean drainage Auger drilling Down hole hammer drills Superimposed drainage Blasthole drilling Hammer drills Surface drainage Cable tool drilling Hydraulic drills Underground drainage calweld drilling Percussion drills Well point drainage Chum drilling Pneumatic drills Drainage Core drilling Rock drills (dewatering) Deep drilling Rotary drills Drainage Deep sea drilling Turbine drills (geomorphology) Deflected drilling Drimanes Drainage basins Diamond drilling Drinking water Dendritic drainage pattern Diamond core drilling Condensing steam drive Drainage sampling Directional drilling Dissolved gas drive Drainage wells Down hole drilling Enriched gas drive Dewatering (draining) Dry drilling Gas drive Drape folding Fishing (drilling) Gas cap drive Dravite Gas drilling Natural water drive Draw works Hammer drilling Water drive Drawdown Horizontal drilling Drive mining Dredges Hydraulic drilling Gas well drives Bucket dredges Hydraulic jet drilling Oil well drives Dredging In seam drilling Petroleum well drives Deep sea dredging Inclined drilling Drop ball Gold dredging Jet drilling Weight dropping Dreikanter Large diameter drilling Drosses Ore dressing Longhole drilling Drossing Photographic driers Marine drilling Droughts Drift Measurement while drilling Drowned valleys Continental drift Mud (drilling) Drug problems Glacial drift Offshore drilling Drugs

~~314 KWIC Index~~

Drum filters Sedimentary dykes Earthquake Drumlin Dykes (engineering) magnitude Druse Dynamic hardness Earthquake Dry cells tests prediction Dry drilling Dynamic Earthquake Dry gas metamorphism recorders Dry grinding Dynamic tests Earthquake records Dry holes Fluid dynamics Earthquake tremors Hot dry rock Gas dynamics Earthquake warning Dry separation Dynamite systems Drying Dyscrasite Earthquake wave Freeze drying Dysprosium Earthquake zones Dual zone Age of the earth Earthquakes completion Atmosphere (earth) Deep focus earthquakes Ductile deformation Diatomaceous earth Intermediate focus earthquakes Ductility Expanding earth Interplate earthquakes Ductility tests Fullers earth Intraplate earthquakes Ventilation ducts Infusorial earth Shallow focus earthquakes Due diligence Origin of the earth Submarine earthquakes Dull coal Red brown earth Alkaline earths Dumortierite Reinforced earth Rare earths Dump leaching Rotation of the earth En echelon folding Dump sampling Earth (planet) Echinodermata Bottom dumpers Earth (soil) Echinoidea Side dumpers Earth atmosphere Echo sounder Dumps Earth biosphere Echo sounding Longitudinal dune Earth core Eclipse Dune movements Earth crust Lunar eclipse Dune ridge Earth current Solar eclipse Dune rock Earth dams Eclogite Dunes Rare earth elements Eclogite facies Coastal dunes Earth filling Ecologic distribution Sand dunes Solid earth geophysics Environment (ecological) Seifdunes Earth handling Ecologically Stabilized dunes equipment sustainable Transverse dunes Earth hydrosphere development Dunite Earth internal Ecology Durain structure Human ecology Earthquake duration Earth lithosphere Economic analysis Duricrust Earth lower mantle Economic factors Ferruginous duricrust Rare earth magnets Economic Durometer Earth mantle geography hardness tests Earth measurement Economic geology Dust Alkaline earth metals Economic minerals Coal dust Rare earth metals Economic surveys Flue dust Rare earth minerals Economics Furnace dust Earth models Commodity economics Lunar dust Earth movements Energy economics Mine dust Earth moving Mineral economics Quartz dust Earth moving Resource economics Respirable dust equipment Ecosystem Volcanic dust Earth orbit Edge notch cards Dust cloud Earth pressure Ediacaran fauna hypothesis Earth radiation Editing Dust collection Earth rotation EDM methods Dust control Earth sciences Education Dust explosions Earth sciences Continuing education Dust filters information Tertiary education Dust particles Earth surface El Nino effect Dust sampling Earth tides Frequency effect Dust storms Earth tremors Greenhouse effect Dust suppression Earth upper mantle Piezoelectric effect Stamp duty Earthenware Raman effect Clastic dyke Electrical earthing Skin effect (wells) Replacement dyke Earthquake duration Effective Dyke swarm Earthquake effects permeability Dykes Earthquake Effective pososity Pebble dykes engineering Cost effectiveness Ring dykes Earthquake Earthquake effects Sand dykes intensity Explosion effects Sandstone dykes Earthquake lights Radiation effects

~~315 e~~

~~GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus e~~

Terrain effects Electrical power surveys e Efficiency transmission Electromagnetic Combustion efficiency Electrical properties waves Efflorescence Electrical Electromagnetism Effluents prospecting Electromagnetomet e Effusive rocks Electrical resistivity ers Thunder eggs Electrical resistivity Electrometallurgy Eh value sounding Electrometric Einsteinium Vertical electrical sounding exploration e Einsteinium Electrical survey Electron diffraction isotopes equipment analysis Ejecta Electrical survey Electron Impact ejecta interpretation micro probes e Volcanic ejecta Electrical survey Electron Ejectamenta methods microscopes El Nino effect Electrical surveys Scanning electron Elastic deformation Electrical utilities microscopes e Elastic limit Electrical well Transmission electron Elastic theory logging microscopes Elastic waves Electrical well logs Electron microscopy Elasticity Electricity supply Scanning electron microscopy e Modulus of elasticity Electro spin Electron paramag Electric field resonance resonance Diesel electric power spectroscope spectra generation Electrochemical Electron probe e Nuclear electric power analysis Electron generation Electrochemical spectroscopy Steam electric power corrosion Electron spin e generation Electrochemical resonance dating Electric power power generation Electron spin production Electrochemistry resonance Electric power Electrochromatogra spectra e stations phy Electronic control Electric precipitators Electrode array Electronic data Electric smelting Electrode processing Electric vehicles configuration Electronic waves e Batteries (electrical) Electrodeposition Electronics Electrical batteries Electrodes Electroosmosis Electrical cables Electrodialysis Electrophoresis Electrical circuits Electroflotation Electrophotometry e Electrical Electrolysis Electroplating components Electrolytes Electrorefining Electrical detonation Electrolytic analysis Electrostatic Electrical earthing Electrolytic cells precipitation e Electrical energy Electrolytic refining Electrostatic Electrical Electromag precipitators engineering distance Electrostatic Electrical equipment measurement separation e Electrical Noise (electromagnetic) Electrostatic exploration Electromagnetic separators Electrical field anomalies Electrowinning Electrical furnaces Electromagnetic Electrum e Electrical exploration Elektron generators Electromagnetic Elektrum Electrical grounding interpretation Boundary element analysis Electrical IP survey Electromagnetic Finite element analysis e methods maps Major element analysis Electrical IP surveys Electromagnetic Trace element analysis Electrical lighting radiation Elemental analysis Electrical logging Electromagnetic Elements e Electrical logs separation Indicator elements Electrical models Electromagnetic Minor elements Electrical power separators Nuclear fuel elements Electrical power Electromagnetic Pathfinder elements e distribution survey Platinum group elements Electrical power equipment Rare earth elements generation Electromagnetic Trace elements MHO electrical power survey method Noise elimination e generation Electromagnetic Strain ellipse Electrical power surveys Elution plants Aerial electromagnetic e 316 e e KWIC Index

Elutriation Front end loaders Nuclear reactor engineering Elutriators End moraine Petrochemical engineering Eluvial soils Endothermic Petroleum engineering EM anomalies reactions Production engineering EM interpretation Energy Railway engineering EM maps Agricultural energy Reservoir engineering EM methods Atomic energy River engineering Aerial EM methods Coastal energy Safety engineering Ground EM methods Current energy Systems engineering Pulse EM methods Electrical energy Engineering Slingram EM methods Geothermal energy geology Transient EM methods Hydroelectric energy Engineering ULF EM methods Kinetic energy geophysics VLF EM methods Nuclear energy Engineering EM profiles Potential energy societies EM sounding Renewable energy Petroleum engineering training EM sounding Solar energy Enhanced recovery methods Specific energy Enriched fuel EM survey Thermal energy reactors equipment Tidal energy Enriched gas drive Turam EM survey methods Total energy Hypergene enrichment EM surveys Waste energy Secondary enrichment Aerial EM surveys Wave energy Supergene enrichment Crone EM surveys Wind energy Uranium enrichment Fixed loop EM surveys Energy accounting Enstatite Ground EM surveys Energy analysis Enterprise Pulse EM surveys Energy budget bargaining Slingram EM surveys Solar energy collectors Entrainment Transient EM surveys Solar energy Air entrainment Turam EM surveys concentrators Entrenched VLF EM surveys Energy meander Embankments conservation Entrenched streams Embolite Energy Single entry development Emerald consumption Environment Emerald copper Energy costs Aeolian environment Emerged bars Energy economics Arid environment Emergency Energy factor Deltaic environment management Energy flow chart Depositional environment Emery Energy Fluvial environment Acoustic emission management Fluviatile environment Solar radio emission Energy policy Geological environment Emission spectra Energy quota Lacustrine environment Flame emission Energy Lagoonal environment spectrometry requirements Littoral environment Optical emission Energy resources Lunar environment spectrometry Seismic energy source Marginal marine environment Emission Biological energy sources Marine environment spectroscopy Energy statistics Non marine environment Flame emission Energy storage Paralic environment spectroscopy Engineering Reducing environment Optical emission Agricultural engineering Terrestrial environment spectroscopy Chemical engineering Environment X ray emission Civil engineering (ecological) spectroscopy Coastal engineering Environment Exhaust emissions Cyclones (engineering) (geological) Emissions trading Dikes (engineering) Environment of Emplacement Dykes (engineering) deposition mechanism Earthquake engineering Environmental Employment Electrical engineering auditing Emulsification Environmental engineering Environmental Nuclear emulsion counters Friction (engineering) deposition Emulsion muds Foundation engineering Environmental Oil emulsion muds Genetic engineering engineering Emulsions Geological engineering Environmental Asphalt emulsions Geotechnical engineering geochemistry En echelon folding Highway engineering Environmental Enargite Industrial engineering geology Enclaves Management engineering Environmental Salt water encroachment Mechanical engineering impact Encrustations Mining engineering Environmental Encyclopaedias Nuclear engineering impact surveys

~~317 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Environmental Electromagnetic Wind erosion legislation survey equipment Erosion control Environmental EM survey equipment Erosion cycle management Excavation equipment Erosional Environmental Extractive unconformity protection metallurgy equipment Glacial erratic Environmental Flotation equipment Erratic (glacial) science Geophysical equipment Standard error Environmental Gravity survey equipment Error compensation surveys Impedance survey equipment Error correction Planetary environments Induced polarization Erts Sedimentary environments survey equipment Fissure eruption Enzymes IP survey equipment Volcanic eruption Eocene Laboratory equipment Eruption breccia Eolian Logging equipment Erythrite Eolianite Magnetic survey equipment Escarpments Eon Marine survey equipment Fault escarpments Epeiric sea Materials handling equipment Eskers Epeirogeny Mineral processing equipment ESRdating Ephemeral streams Mining equipment ESR spectroscope Epicentre Optical equipment ESR spectroscopy Seismic epicentre Panning equipment Essexite Epicontinental sea Photographic equipment Estimating Epidiorite Pyrometallurgical equipment Coal reserve estimation Epidosite Quarrying equipment Natural gas reserve estimation Epidote Radioactivity survey equipment Oil reserve estimation Epidote amphibolite Resistivity survey equipment Ore depth estimation facies Sampling equipment Ore reserve estimation Epidotization Seismic survey equipment Petroleum reserve estimation Epieugeosyncline Self potential survey equipment Volume estimation Epigenesis Sonar equipment Estuaries Epigenetic deposits SP survey equipment Estuarine deltas Epigenetic mineral Telluric current Estuarine deposits survey equipment sediments Episodes Thickeners (equipment) Track etch dating Epithermal deposits Underwater equipment Track etch survey Epoch Equipment design methods Glacial epoch Equipment Track etch surveys Metallogenic epoch evaluation Etching Epoxy resins Equipment Ethane EPR spectroscopy replacement Ethanol Equal opportunity Equities Ethene Hydrologic equation PCE equivalent Ethics Transport equations Pyrometric cone equivalent Code of ethics Equator Era Professional ethics Geomagnetic equator Erbium Ethylene Magnetic equator Erbium isotopes Eucrite Equatorial currents Homo erectus Eugeosyncline Equatorial Ergonomics Europium projection Erosion Europium isotopes Equatorial zone Beach erosion Euryphyllum Phase equilibria Coastal erosion Eustacy Chemical equilibrium Contemporaneous erosion Eutaxitic texture Hydrostatic equilibrium Cycle of erosion Eutectic texture Equilibrium Differential erosion Eutectics diagrams Glacial erosion Eutheria Precession of the equinoxes Gully erosion Eutrophication Equipment Headward erosion Euxenite Absorbers (equipment) Land erosion Rock eval pyrolysis Comminution equipment Lateral erosion Evaluation Coring equipment Marine erosion Equipment evaluation Data processing equipment Piping (erosion) Formation evaluation Diesel powered equipment Rain erosion Mine evaluation Direct current River erosion Prospect evaluation survey equipment Sheet erosion Well evaluation Distance measuring equipment Shore erosion Liquids evaluation tests Drilling equipment Soil erosion Evaporation Earth handling equipment Stream erosion Solar evaporation Earth moving equipment Thermal erosion Evaporation basin Electrical equipment Tunnel erosion Evaporation control Electrical survey equipment Water erosion Evaporative cooling

~~318 KWIC Index~~

Evaporimeters Expert reports Exsolution textures Evaporite deposits Expert systems Extension Evaporite minerals Explanatory notes Crustal extension Evaporites Exploration Structural extension Evapotranspiration Aerial geochemical exploration Extension faults Seismic event Base metal exploration Extinct volcanoes Geological events Biogeochemical exploration Inclined extinction Evolution Coal exploration Extinction angle Crustal evolution Copper exploration Extinction direction Faunal evolution Diamond exploration Faunal extinctions Floral evolution Direct current exploration Floral extinctions Geomorphic evolution Electrical exploration Bulk cyanide extractable gold Metamorphic evolution Electromagnetic exploration Bulk leach extractable gold Morphologic evolution Electrometric exploration Chemical extraction Structural evolution Gas exploration Solvent extraction Excavating Geobotanical exploration Extractive machinery Geochemical exploration metallurgy Excavation Geophysical exploration Extractive Cuttings (excavation) Geothermal exploration metallurgy Rock excavation Gold exploration equipment Excavation Gravity exploration Extractive minerals conditions Hydrocarbon exploration Extraterrestrial Excavation Impedance exploration atmospheres equipment Magnetic exploration Extraterrestrial Excavators Marine mineral exploration geology Bucket wheel excavators Marine petroleum exploration Extraterrestrial Wheel excavators Marine seismic exploration mapping Ionium excess dating Mine exploration Extraterrestrial Anion exchange Mineral exploration radiation Base exchange Oil exploration Extraterrestrial radio lon exchange Oil shale exploration waves Exchange capacity Petroleum exploration Extraterrestrial Exchange reactions Radioactivity exploration satellites Ion exchange resins Radiometric exploration Extruding lon exchangers Resistivity exploration Fabric analysis Stock exchanges Seismic exploration Fabric diagram Cation exchanging Seismic reflection exploration Metal fabrication Sand exclusion Seismic refraction exploration Face preparation Excursion guides Self potential exploration (mining) Field excursions Submarine exploration Faceted boulders Geological excursions Telluric current exploration Faceted pebbles Exfoliation Thennal exploration Facies Exhalative deposits Uranium exploration Amphibolite facies Volcanic exhalative deposits Exploration costs Blueschist facies Exhaust emissions Exploration history Deltaic facies Exhaust fans Exploration licences Diagenetic facies Exhaust gases Petroleum exploration licences Eclogite facies Exhaust systems Exploration Epidote amphibolite facies Exhaustion management Geochemical facies Exhumation Exploration Geosynclinal facies Exinite philosophy Granulite facies Exogeosyncline Exploration Greenschist facies Exothennic potential Hornfels facies reactions Exploratory wells Knotted hornfels facies Expanded Volcanic explosion Metamorphic facies aggregates Explosion barriers Paralic facies Expanded clay Explosion breccia Pyroxene hornfels facies aggregates Explosion craters Red bed facies Expanded shale Nuclear explosion detection Sedimentary facies aggregates Explosion effects Shelf facies Expanded slag Explosion tuff Zeolite facies aggregates Explosions Facies analysis Expanded slate Dust explosions Facies maps aggregates Underground explosions Facing Expanding cements Explosives Anthropogenic factor Expanding earth Nuclear explosives Energy factor Expanding universe Slurry explosives Friction factor Expansive soils Exponential Safety factor Experimental distribution Water factor petrology Exports Factor analysis Field experiments Radiation exposure Factor of safety

~~319 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Economic factors Slump faults Ferromanganese Social factors Step faults Ferronickel Brittle failure Strike faults Ferrosilicon Failure (materials) Strike slip faults Ferrcitungsten Air fall tuff Submarine faults Non ferrous metal Fallout Synchronous faults industry Fallout shelters Thrust faults Non ferrous metals False bedding Transfer faults Ferruginization False dip Transform faults Ferruginous Talus fan Transverse faults duricrust Alluvial fans Wrench faults Ferruginous Exhaust fans Fauna sediments Submarine fans Ediacaran fauna Fertilizers Ventilation fans Faunal break Festoon cross Fans (geology) Faunal evolution bedding Fans (ventilation) Faunal extinctions Fibre optics Farm in Faunal stage Fibreglass Farm out Faunalsuccessk>n Artificial mineral fibres Tank farms Faunal zone Glass fibres Fast breeder Fayalite Mineral fibres reactors Feasibility studies Optical fibres Fathograms Coastal features Fibrolite Corrosion fatigue Coastal topographic features Pulmonary fibrosis Fatigue (materials) Glacial features Fibrous minerals Active fault Physical features Fido gas analyser Bedding plane fault River features Dipole field Gravity fault Submarine Electric field Heave (fault) topographic features Electrical field Lateral fault Feeders Stress field Longitudinal fault Apron feeders Field corrosion tests Overthrust fault Belt feeders Field excursions Reverse fault Screw feeders Field experiments Throw (fault) Vibrating feeders Oilfield fluids Trough fault Feedwater Field geology Fault blocks treatment Field instruments Fault breccia Potash feldspar Field intensity Fault displacement Potassium feldspar Magnetic field intensity Fault escarpments Sodium feldspar Field manual Fault folds Feldspars Field mapping Fault geometry Alkali feldspars Field maps Fault gouge Feldspathic gabbro Field strength Fault line Feldspathic Magnetic field strength Fault line scarps graywacke Field studies Fault plane Feldspathic Field tests Fault rubble quartzite Geological field work Fault scarps Feldspathic Coal fields Fault system sandstone Gas fields Fault traps Feldspathic shale Geomagnetic fields Fault zone Feldspathization Giant gas fields Faulting Feldspathoids Giant oil fields Faults Felsic igneous Gravitational fields Apparent movement rocks Gravity fields of faults Felsic volcanic Magnetic fields Arcuate faults rocks Natural gas fields Bedding faults Felsite Oil fields Block faults Fen Salt fields Compression faults Fence diagrams Interference figure Contemporaneous faults Fenster Carbon filament Cross faults Ferberite Filing systems Detachment (faults) Fergusonite Consolidated back fill Dip faults Fermium Mine fill Dip slip faults Fermium isotopes Cut and fill mining Extension faults Ferns Cut and fill structures Flexure faults Ferric chloride Filler clay Growth faults Ferricrete Fillers Hinge faults Ferrimolybdite Filling Listric faults Ferrites Back filling Normal faults Calcium ferrites Cemented filling Normal slip faults Ferrochrome Earth filling Reverse slip faults Ferromagnesian Hydraulic filfing Rift faults minerals Land filling

~~320 KWIC Index~~

Mine filling Fishtail bits Water flooding Paste filling Fishways Flooding (formation) Pneumatic filling Fissility Floods Rock filling Fission Floodway Films Nuclear fission Ocean floor (cinematography) Fission dating Sea floor Filter cake Fission reactors Floor heave Mud filter cake Fission track Sea floor sampling Filter presses analysis Sea floor sediments Single Leaf Filter Test Fission track dating Ocean floor spreading Filtering Spontaneous fission track dating Sea floor spreading Seismic filtering Fission tracks Sea floor trench Filtering Fissionable Flora (geophysics) materials Floral break Filters Fissure eruption Floral evolution Air filters Fissure springs Floral extinctions Cyclone filters Fissure veins Floral stage Digital filters Fissure vents Floral succession Disc filters Nitrogen fixation Floral zone Drum filters Fixed carbon ratio Flotation Dust filters Fixed loop EM Column flotation Fluid filters surveys Froth flotation Gas filters Fixed screens lonflotation Infrared filters Fjords Precipitate flotation Leaf filters Flagstone Tree flotation Oil filters Flame emission Flotation cells Pressure filters spectrometry Flotation Rotary filters Flame emission conditioning Sand filters spectroscopy Flotation equipment Trickling fdters Flame photometry Flotation reagents Vacuum filters Flame retardants Glacial flour Water filters Flame spectroscopy Rock flour Mud filtrates Flame tests Airflow Filtration Flameless Cash flow Air filtration combustion Discounted cash flow Water filtration Flammable gases Fluid flow Financial analysis Flammable liquids Geothermal heat flow Financing Flaser gabbro Glacier flow Depth finders Flaser granite Ground water flow Range finders Flaser structure Heat flow Fine aggregates (sedimentary) Liquid flow Fine grained ores Flash flood River flow Gold fineness Flash pyrolysis Streamflow Fineness modulus Flash smelting Turbulent flow Fines Flat spot detection Flow banding Fingerprinting Tidal flats Flow breccia Finite difference Flexure Energy flow chart analysis Flexure faults Flow charting Finite element Flight line Flow charts analysis Flight line maps Flow cleavage Fire assaying Flight maps Axial flow compressors Fire clay Flint Flow control Fire prevention Flint clay Flow measurement Fire protection Float ore Flow measurement Fire resistance Flocculants (ground water) Fire safety Flocculation Flow profile Fire storms Flocculators Flow properties Fire tests Ice floes Flow sheets Firebrick Flash flood Flow texture Fireclay refractories Flood basalt Flowage folds Firedamp Flood control Flowing wells Fires Flood crest Ash flows Bush fires Flood current Lava flows Forest fires Flood dams Flue dust Mass fires Flood forecasting Flue gases Mine fires Flood frequency Circulation fluid First arrival curve Metamorphic fluid First break Flood plain Fluid dynamics First order levelling sediments Fluid filters Fish Flood plains Fluid flow Fishing (drilling) Carbon dioxide flooding Fluid inclusions

~~321 e~~

~~GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus e~~

Low fluid loss muds Fly in fly out Foreland basins e Fluid mechanics Fly rock Forensic science Pore fluid pressure Flysch Foreset bed Fluidization Flywheels Foreshock Fluidized bed Foaming agents Forest fires e furnaces Focal depth Forestry Fluidized bed Focal distance Forgeability processing Focal length Form line Fluidized bed Deep focus earthquakes Formability e roasters Intermediate focus earthquakes Banded iron formation Fluidized beds Shallow focus earthquakes Flooding (formation) Fluidizing Focussed current Fracturing (formation) Cutting fluids logging Tight formation e Drilling fluids Diapiric fold Formation damage Hydrothermal fluids Parallel fold Formation Magnetic fluids Piercement fold evaluation Mantle fluids Pitching fold Formation gas e Oil field fluids Reverse drag fold Formation pressure Ore fluids Subsidiary fold Formation Ore forming fluids Fold breccia simulation Reservoir fluids Fold geometry Formation tests e Saline fluids Fold mountains Repeat formation tests Flumes Fold system Formation water Fluorapatite Foldbelt Overpressured formations Fluorescence Ore forming fluids e Folding Ultraviolet fluorescence Drape folding Rock forming minerals X ray fluorescence En echelon folding Forsterite X ray fluorescence Harmonic folding Forsterite marble e analysis Folds Forward selling X ray fluorescence Asymmetric folds Fossicking spectrometers Compaction folds Key fossil X ray fluorescence Complex folds Fossil assemblage e spectroscopy Concentric folds Fossil coral Fluorescence Crenulation folds Fossil fuels surveys Cross folds Fossil reefs Fluoridation Cylindrical folds Fossil resin e Calcium fluoride Disharmonic folds Fossil wood Hydrogen fluoride Drag folds Fossilization Fluorides Fault folds Fossils Sodium fluorides Flowage folds Chemical fossils e Fluorimetry Inclined folds Deformed fossils Fluorination Longitudinal folds Index fossils Fluorine Overturned folds Trace fossils Fluorine dating Parasitic folds Foundation e Fluorine isotopes Plunging folds engineering Fluorite Polyphase folds Foundation Chloro fluoro carbons Ptygmatic folds investigations Chloro fluoro hydrocarbons Reclined folds Foundations e Fluorometers Recumbent folds Foundry core sands Fluoroscopy Superimposed folds Foundry practice Fluorspar Symmetrical folds Foundry sands Fluting Foliation Four dimensional e Fluvial channel Fontainebleau information Fluvial environment sandstone systems Fluvial lakes Foot prints Four dimensional Fluvial plains Foothills models e Fluvial sediments Footings Fourier analysis Fluviatile Footwall Fourier transform environment Foraminifera infrared Fluviatile sediments Benthonic foraminifera spectroscopy e Fluvioglacial Planktonic foraminifera Fractal geometry sediments Foraminiferal Fractional Fluviograph limestone crystalization Fluviomarine Foraminiferal ooze Crystal fractionation sediments Fore arc basins Isotope fractionation Fluxes Fore reefs Isotopic fractionation - Fluxgate Forecasting Fractionation (hydrocarbons) e magnetometers Flood forecasting Self fluxing Foredeep Fractography Fly ash Foredunes Fracture analysis Fly in fly out Foreign investment Fracture cleavage e 322 e e KWIC Index

Fracture properties Uranium fuel cycle Gallium Fracture strength Nuclear fuel elements Gallium isotopes Fracture zone Fuel oil Galvanic corrosion Fractured reservoirs Fuel ratio tests Fractured rock Ceramic fuel reactors Galvanized steel Fractured rock Enriched fuel reactors Galvanizing aquifers Natural fuel reactors Galvanometers Fractures Fuel storage Gamma counters Hydraulic fracturing Fuels Gamma gamma Nuclear fracturing Alcohol fuels logging Fracturing Fossil fuels Gamma gamma (formation) Liquid fuels logs Fragmental rocks Nuclear fuels Gamma irradiation Fragmental texture Synthetic fuels Gamma logging Fragmentation Fugacity Gamma gamma logging Rock fragmentation Fulgurites Gamma logs Framboid Fullereries Gamma gamma logs Pyrite framboid Fullers earth Neutron gamma logs Franklinite Fulvic acid Gamma radiation Free air anomaly Fumarole Gamma ray Free air anomaly Fume cupboards spectrometer maps Fumes Gamma ray Free air correction Fuming spectroscopy Free moisture Distribution functions Gamma rays Freestone Retirement funds Gamma spectra Freeze drying Fungi Gamma Freeze sampling Imperial smelting furnace spectroscopy Ground freezing Furnace dust Gammacerane Size frequency analysis Furnaces Gangue Flood frequency curve Blast furnaces Garbage disposal Frequency Electrical furnaces Garden soils distribution Fluidized bed furnaces Gamet Size frequency Gas furnaces Garnet mica schist distribution Heat treating furnaces Gamet sands Frequency domain Induction furnaces Garnetite Frequency effect Metallurgical furnaces Gametization Audio frequency Muffle furnaces Yttrium iron garnets magnetotellurics Openhearth furnaces Garnierite Frequency meters Retort furnaces Gas Freshwater Reverberatory furnaces Coal gas Freshwater Sintering furnaces Coalbedgas limestone Solar furnaces Compressed gas Freshwater Fusain Condensate gas sediments Fused minerals Dissolved gas Friability Fuses Dry gas Coefficient of friction Fusibility Formation gas Friction Fusion Liquefied natural gas (engineering) Nuclear fusion Liquefied petroleum gas Friction Vacuum fusion analysis Manufactured gas (geomechanics) Fuzzy arithmetic Marsh gas Friction factor Fuzzy logic Natural gas Fringing reefs Fuzzy sets Radon gas Basic front Gabbro Sour gas Mafic front Alkali gabbro Sweet gas Salt water front Feldspathic gabbro Synthesis gas Front end loaders Flaser gabbro Synthetic gas Frontal moraine Hornblende gabbro Synthetic natural gas Frost action Hypersthene gabbro Tight gas Frost heave Olivine gabbro Town gas Froth flotation Orthoclase gabbro Wet gas Frothing Quartz gabbro Fido gas analyser Frothing reagents Gabbro porphyrite Hot wire gas analyser Frozen soils Gabbro porphyry Gas analysis FTIR spectroscopy Gabions Gas analyzers Fuchsite Gadolinium Mud gas analyzers Diesel fuel Gadolinium Gas cap drive Fuel cells isotopes Gas caps Biochemical fuel cells Gahnite Gas Liquid metal fuel cells Gaia hypothesis chromatography Regenerative fuel cells Galaxy Gas cleaning Nuclear fuel cycle Galena Gas compressors

~~323 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Gas condensate Gas utilities power Gas consumption Gas water contact Gas turbine power generation Gas content Gas water interface Hydroelectric power generation Natural gas conversion Gas water ratio MHO electrical Gas cooled reactors Gas well drives power generation Gas cut muds Gas wells Mobile power generation Gas cut water Gaseous phases Nuclear electric Gas detectors Gases power generation Gas distribution Exhaust gases Nuclear power generation Gas drilling Flammable gases Solar power generation Gas drive Flue gases Steam electric Dissolved gas drive Greenhouse gases power generation Enriched gas drive Industrial gases Thermoelectric Gas dynamics Inert gases power generation Gas exploration Liquefied gases Thermonuclear Gas fields Mine gases power generation Giant gas fields Noble gases Tidal power generation Natural gas fields Rare gases Wind power generation Gas filters Stack gases Aerosol generators Gasfumaces Volcanic gases Electrical generators Gas inclusions Waste gases Hand generators Gas industry Gash veins Hydroelectric generators Gas injection Gasification Solar generators Gas ionization Coal gasification Coal genesis Gas kicks In situ gasification Mineral genesis Gas liquid Underground gasification Ore genesis chromatography Gasoline Petroleum genesis Gas liquid ratio Gastropoda Soil genesis Natural gas liquid recovery Gathering lines Genetic algorithms Natural gas liquid reserves Pressure gauges Genetic engineering Natural gas liquids Rain gauges Geoanticlines Gas logs Strain gauges Geobarometry Gas oil contact Tide gauges Geobleme Gas oil interface Vacuum gauges Geobotanical Gas oil ratio Stream gauging exploration Reservoir gas oil ratio Gauging stations Geobotanical Gas pipelines Gauss projection prospecting Natural gas pipelines Gaussian Geobotany Gas pools distribution Geochemical Natural gas prices Gazetteers analysis Gas processing Geanticlines Geochemical Natural gas production Gehlenite anomalies Gas production Geiger counters Geochemical methods Geiger muller background Gas production counters Geochemical cycles tests Blasting gelatins Geochemical data Gas purification Gelignite Geochemical Oil gas ratio Gels dispersions Gas recovery Gem cutting Geochemical Natural gas reserve Gem deposits exploration estimation Alluvial gem deposits Aerial geochemical Gas reserves Gem mineral exploration Gross gas reserves Gem placer Geochemical facies Natural gas reserves deposits Geochemical Recoverable gas reserves Gemmology haloes Gas reservoirs Gems Geochemical Natural gas reservoirs Industrial gems interpretation Natural gas resources Synthetic gems Geochemical logs Gas sampling Gemstones Geochemical Soil gas sampling General geology mapping Gas sand Vehicle generated Geochemical maps Gas saturated oil pollutants Geochemical Gas scrubbing CHP generation methods Gas seepages Combined cycle Geochemical Gas shows power generation processes Gas storage Combined heat and Geochemical Gas supply power generation prospecting Soil gas surveys Diesel electric Geochemical Natural gas treatment power generation sampling Gas turbine power Electrical power generation Geochemical generation Electrochemical generation threshold

~~324 KWIC Index~~

Geochemistry Geological scale Air sampling (geochemistry) oceanography Geomagnetic poles Environmental geochemistry Geological Geomagnetic Hydrocarbon geochemistry processes reversals Isotope geochemistry Geological province Geomagnetic Marine geochemistry Geological stations Oil shale geochemistry sedimentation Geomagnetic Organic geochemistry Geological variation Petroleum geochemistry structures Geomagnetism Rock geochemistry Geological surveys Geomechanics Geochemists Geological Friction (geomechanics) Geochronology thermometry Geomembranes Geochronometry Geological time Basin geometry Geode Geological time Fault geometry Geodesy scale Fold geometry Classical geodesy Geological training Fractal geometry Gravimetric geodesy Geologists Reservoir geometry Satellite geodesy Geology Geomicrobiology Geodetic astronomy Agricultural geology Geomorphic cycle Geodetic Alteration (geology) Geomorphic coordinates Areal geology evolution Geodetic levelling Coal geology Geomorphic maps Geodetic surveys Compaction (geology) Geomorphologists Geodetics Desiccation (geology) Geomorphology Geodynamics Economic geology Drainage (geomorphology) Geofracture Engineering geology Historical geomorphology analysis Environmental geology Geophones Geographic Extraterrestrial geology Geophysical information Field geology anomalies systems Fans (geology) Geophysical data Geographic names General geology Geophysical Geography Glacial geology equipment Economic geography Ground water geology Geophysical Physical geography Hard rock geology exploration Regional geography Historical geology Geophysical Geohydrology History of geology instruments Geoid Isotope geology Geophysical Geoisotherm Leaching (geology) interpretation Abrasion (geological) Lunar geology Geophysical logs Case hardening (geological) Marine geology Geophysical maps Domes (geological) Mathematical geology Geophysical Environment (geological) Metamorphic geology methods Time correlation (geological) Military geology Geophysical models Geological age Mine geology Geophysical profiles Geological age Mining geology Geophysical determination Nuclear geology prospecting Geological basins Petroleum geology Geophysical Geological column Physical geology surveys Geological data Planetary geology Aerial geophysical surveys Geological Regional geology Geophysical engineering Sedimentary geology training Geological Soft rock geology Geophysicists environment Structural geology Geophysics Geological events Structural Cross borehole geophysics Geological processes (geology) Crosshole geophysics excursions Submarine geology Down hole geophysics Geological field Surficial geology Engineering geophysics work Deformation Filtering (geophysics) Geological hazards (structural geology) Marine geophysics Geological history Geomagnetic axis Mining geophysics Geological Geomagnetic Pure geophysics interpretation equator Regional geophysics Geological Geomagnetic fields Rock geophysics investigations Geomagnetic Solid earth geophysics Geological logging latitude Geosciences Geological logs Geomagnetic Geoscientists Geological mapping longitude Geosphere Geological maps Geomagnetic Geostatistics Geological models polarity reversal Geosteering Geological Geomagnetic Geosynclinal cycle monuments polarity time Geosynclinal facies

~~325 e~~

~~GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus e~~

Primary geosyncline Piedmont glacier Gold fineness e Geosynclines Glacier flow Gold isotopes Geotechnical Glacier ice Gold loans engineering Glaciers Gold minerals Geotectonic cycle Hanging glaciers Gold mines e Geotectonics Glaciofluvial Gold ores Geotextiles sediments Lateritic gold ores Geothermal Glaciology Refractory gold ores anomalies Bismuth glance Gold placer e Geothermal energy Copper glance deposits Geothermal Nickel glance Gold prices exploration Nickel antimony glance Gold production Geothermal Silver copper glance Gold recovery e gradients Glass Gold refining Geothermal heat Borosilicate glass Gold reserves flow Darwin glass Gold resources Geothermal history Devitrified glass Gold rushes e Geothermal maps Heat resistant glass Gold standard Geothermal Lead glass Gold tellurides metamorphism Optical glass Goldfieldite Geothermal e Rhyolite glass Gondwana sediments Ruby glass Gondwanaland Geothermal survey Silica glass Contact goniometer methods Volcanic glass Reflection goniometer Geothermal surveys Glass fibres Goniometers Geothermal water Glass making Gorges Geothermal zones Glass sands Goslarite - Geotherrnometry Glauberite Gossan sampling e Germanium Glauconite Gossans Germanium Glauconitic sands Gouge isotopes Glaucophane Clay gouge Seed germination Global positioning Fault gouge e Gersdorffite system Government Geyserite Global tectonics Government Geysers Global warming departments Giant gas fields Globular projection Government e Giant oil fields Gloryhole mining participation Gibber Glossaries Government policy Gibbsite Glossopteris GPS Gilgai Gneiss Grab samples e Gilsonite Agmatic gneiss Grab sampling GIS Augen gneiss Grabens Erratic (glacial) Banded gneiss Half grabens Pavement (glacial) Biotite gneiss Assay grade e Till (glacial) Granite gneiss Cutoff grade Glacial action Injection gneiss Metamorphic grade Glacial control Mylonite gneiss Ore grade theory Primary gneiss Grade (mineral e Glacial cycle Spotted gneiss deposits) Glacial drainage Gneissic structure Low grade coal Glacial drift Gneissosity Ore grade contour maps Glacial epoch Gnomonic Grade control e Glacial erosion projection Grade control (ore) Glacial erratic Goethite High grade ores Glacial features Gold Low grade ores Glacial flour Bulk cyanide Graded bedding e Glacial geology extractable gold Graded streams Glacial lakes Bulk leach Graders Glacial marine extractable gold Gravity gradient sediments Native gold Ground water gradient e Glacial moraines Thermal aureole gold Hydraulic gradient Glacial pavements White gold Pressure gradient Glacial period Gold alloys River gradient Glacial polish Gold bullion Stream gradient e Glacial pressure Gold compounds Time gradient ridges Gold currency Velocity gradient Glacial sediments Gold deposits Gradient array Glacial striation Alluvial gold deposits Geothermal gradients e Glacial till Lateritic gold deposits Temperature gradients Glaciation Gold dredging Thermal gradients Mountain glacier Gold exploration Grading e 326 e - KWIC Index

Ore grading SpecifiC gravity Grit Gravity gradiometers Gravity anomalies Shell grit Magnetic gradiometers Gravity Grit removal Grain morphology concentration Grizzlies Grain size analysis Gravity Gross gas reserves Fine grained ores concentrators Gross heat value Coarse grained rock Gravity corrections Gross oil reserves Granite Gravity dams Grossular A type granite Arch gravity dams Grossularite Alkali granite Gravity data Blue ground Binary granite Gravity deflection Hot ground Blue granite Gravity Yellow ground Flaser granite disturbances Ground control Graphic granite Gravity drainage Ground cover I type granite Gravity exploration Ground EM S type granite Gravity fault methods Two mica granite Gravity fields Ground EM surveys Granite aplite Gravity gradient Ground freezing Granite gneiss Gravity Ground magnetic Granite porphyry gradiometers surveys Granitic rock Absolute gravity instruments Ground moraines Granitite Gravity Ground penetrating Granitization interpretation radar Granitoid Specific gravity liquid Ground radar Granoblastic texture Gravity maps surveys Granodiorite Regional gravity maps Ground radioactivity Granophyre Gravity meters surveys Granophyric texture Gravity methods Ground water Granular soils Gravity network Flow measurement (ground water) Granular texture Gravity profiles Perched ground water Granulation Gravity reduction Percolation (ground water) Granulite Gravity separation Recharge (ground water) Granulite facies Gravity separators Unconfined ground water Graphic granite Gravity stations Ground water Graphic logs Gravity survey basins Graphic pegmatite equipment Ground water Graphic Gravity survey chemistry presentation methods Ground water Computer graphics Gravity surveys depletion Graphite Aerial gravity surveys Ground water Graphite deposits Helicopter gravity surveys discharge Graphite moderated Marine gravity surveys Ground water flow reactors Submarine gravity surveys Ground water Sodium graphite reactors Gravity values geology Graphite schist Green algae Ground water Graptolites Blue green algae gradient Sea grass Green strength Ground water intake Gravel Greenalite Ground water intake Lag gravel Greenfields beds Piedmont gravel development Ground water level Sandy gravel Greenhouse effect Ground water Gravel packing Greenhouse gases management Gravel pits Greenland spar Ground water Gravel sampling Greenlandite mining Worden gravimeter Greensand Ground water Gravimeters Greenschist movement Vibration gravimeters Greenschist facies Ground water Gravimetric analysis Greenstone pollution Gravimetric Greenstone Ground water geodesy (mineral) province Gravimetric Gregory thesis Ground water prospecting Greisen quality Gravimetric surveys Graywacke Ground water Aerial gravimetric surveys Arkosic graywacke recharge Gravimetry Feldspathic graywacke Artificial ground water Gravitational fields Quartz graywacke recharge Gravity Grindability Ground water Absolute gravity Grinding recharge basins API gravity Autogenous grinding Ground water Normal gravity Dry grinding reservoirs Observed gravity Grinding mills

~~327 e~~

~~GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus e~~

Ground water Handling Spoil heaps e resources Bulk handling Waste heaps Ground water Coal handling Hearths sampling Data handling Heat Ground water Materials handling Latent heat e sources Safe handling Radiant heat Ground water Earth handling equipment Radiogenic heat surveys Materials handling equipment Specific heat Ground water table Hanging glaciers Waste to heat e Ground water Hanging valleys Combined heat and power withdrawal Hanging wall generation Electrical grounding Harbours Heat balance Ground mass Hard rock geology Heat budget e Groundwater Hard water Heat capacity Platinum group elements Case hardening Low heat cements Grouting (geological) Heat flow Cement grouts Hardening Geothermal heat flow e Chemical grouts (materials) Heat of combustion Crystal growth Case hardening Heat of Growth faults (metallurgical) crystallization Grunerite Hardness Heat of reaction e Guano Brinell hardness Process heat reactors Performance guarantee Permanent hardness (nuclear) Guidelines Temporary hardness Heat recovery Excursion guides Hardness testers Heat resistant glass e Trail guides Hardness tests Heat resistant Gulfs Diamond pyramid hardness tests materials Gullies Durometer hardness tests Heat transfer e Gully erosion Dynamic hardness tests Heat treating Gum mite Indentation hardness tests furnaces Air gun sound source Scratch hardness tests Heat treatment Guyots Static hardness tests Heat value e Gymnospermae Hardpan Gross heat value Gyprock Computer hardware Net heat value Gypsite Hardware Heating Gypsum (computers) Radiant heating e Rock gypsum Harmonic folding Solar heating Gypsum cements Salt harvesting Space heating Gypsum deposits Harzburgite Water heating Gyratory crushers Hastingsite Floor heave e Habit Haul roads Frost heave Hade Haulage Heave (fault) Haematite Mine haulage Heaving shale Hafnium Pit haulage Heavy liquid e Lutetium hafnium age Haulage vehicles separation method Hawaiite Heavy liquids Lutetium hafnium dating Hazardous Heavy media Hafnium isotopes materials Heavy media e Half grabens Geological hazards cyclones Half life Natural hazards Heavy media Radioactive half life Nuclear hazards separation Halides Radiation hazards Heavy media e Silver halides Reactor hazards separators Sodium halides Risk analysis (hazards) Heavy metal Halite Hydraulic head deposits Halloysite Hydrostatic head Heavy metals e Pleochroic halo Tubing head Heavy mineral Pleochroic halo dating Well head analysis Mercury halo technique Tubing head pressure Heavy mineral Geochemical haloes Well head pressure deposits e Halogen minerals Road headers Heavy mineral Halogenation Headframes sampling Halogens Headward erosion Heavy mineral Hammer drilling Industrial health sands e Hammer drills Public health Heavy minerals Down hole hammer drills Health and safety Heavy oils Hammer milling Occupational health and safety Heavy water Hammer mills Health physics Heavy water e Hand generators Heap leaching reactors Hand specimens Industrial waste heaps Heavyweight Handbook Mine spoil heaps aggregates e 328 e - KWIC Index

Hedenbergite Natural history Hornblendite Hedging Science history Horner plots Hedyphane Sediment history Hornfels Helicopter gravity Sedimentary history Calc silicate hornfels surveys Thermal history Spotted hornfels Helicopter surveys Burial history curve Hornfels facies Helium History of geology Knotted hornfels facies Liquid helium Koepehoist Pyroxene hornfels facies Superfluid helium Hoist ropes Horst Helium age method Hoisting Host minerals Helium compounds Hydraulic hoisting Host rock Helium dating Mine hoisting Sediment hosted deposits Helium isotopes Pneumatic hoisting Volcanic hosted deposits Helium Hoists Hot dry rock magnetometers Mine hoists Hot ground Hematite Open hole Hot spots Micaceous hematite Sidetracked hole Hot springs Specular hematite Open hole completion Hot strip mill Titaniferous hematite Slim hole completion Hot wire gas Hemichordata Bottom hole core analyser Hemimorphite Bore hole data Bag house Heptanes Drill hole data Hovercraft Hercynian orogeny Hole deviation Hubnerite Hercynite Slant hole driling Huebnerite Mine heritage Down hole drilling Human ecology National heritage Slim hole drilling Human impact Hessonite Down hole drills Humic acid Heterogeneity Down hole geophysics Humidity Uranium hexafluoride Down hole hammer drills Huminite Hexagonal system Drill hole logs Humus Hexanes Bottom hole pressure Hyalite Hexapoda Down hole probe Hybrid age Hiatus Bottom hole sampling Hybrid computers Hieroglyph Hole straightening Hybridization Structural high Bottom hole temperature Hydration High angle Drill holes Hydration reaction conveyors Dry holes Monitor (hydraulic) High grade ores Nonproductive holes Hydraulic cements High pressure Slim holes Hydraulic comminution Uncased drill holes conductivity High pressure Water holes Hydraulic conveyors leaching Holmium Hydraulic drilling High rank Holmium isotopes Hydraulic drills metamorphism Holocene Hydraulic filling High speed layer Holocrystalline Hydraulic fracturing High sulphur coal texture Hydraulic gradient High sulphur oil Holotype Hydraulic head High tension Hominoidea Hydraulic hoisting separation Homo erectus Hydraulic jet drilling High velocity layer Homo sapiens Hydraulic mining Highwall Homoclines Hydraulic properties Highwall mining Homogeneity Hydraulic props Highway Homogeneous Hydraulic stowing construction media Hydraulic transport Highway Hookes law Hydraulics· engineering Hopanes Hydriodic acid Broken Hill type deposits Hopanes Hydrobromic acid Hinge faults Hoppers Hydrocabon Hinge line A horizon potential Histograms B horizon Paraffin hydrocarbon Historic reserve C horizon Fractionation (hydrocarbons) Historical geology Marker horizon Hydrocarbon Historical Stratigraphic horizon byproducts geomorphology Producing horizons Hydrocarbon Case histories Soil horizons exploration History Horizontal drilling Hydrocarbon Burial history Horizontal wells geochemistry Exploration history Hornblende Direct hydrocarbon Geological history Hornblende gabbro indicators Geothermal history Hornblende Hydrocarbon Mining history pyroxenite processing

~~329 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Hydrocarbon shows Hydrothermal Ultrabasic igneous rocks Hydrocarbons metamorphism Ignimbrite Aliphatic hydrocarbons Hydrothermal Illite Aromatic hydrocarbons metasomatism Ilmenite Biomarker hydrocarbons Hydrothermal Ilmenite sands Chloro fluoro hydrocarbons plumes Image analysis Naphthenoaromatic hydrocarbons Submarine hydrothermal vents Automatic image analysis Refined hydrocarbons Hydrothermal water Image interpretation Hydrochemistry Sodium hydroxide Image processing Hydrochloric acid Potassium hydroxides Imagery Hydrochlorination Hydrozincite Landsat imagery Hydrocyanic acid Hydrozoa Multispectral imagery Hydrocyclone Hygrometers Radar imagery separation Hygroscopic Satellite imagery Hydrocyclones moisture Thermal infrared imagery Hydrodynamics Hygroscopic water Borehole imaging Hydroelectric Hypergene Radio imaging energy enrichment Seismic Hydroelectric Hypergenesis tomography imaging generators Hypersthene Immersion liquid Hydroelectric plants Hypersthene Environmental impact Hydroelectric power gabbro Human impact generation Hypersthenite Impact craters Hydrofluoric acid Hypocentre Impact crushers Hydrofluorination Hypogene deposits Impact ejecta Hydrogen Hypothermal Impact Liquid hydrogen deposits metamorphism Hydrogen bromide Dust cloud hypothesis Impact strength Hydrogen chloride Gaia hypothesis Impact structures Hydrogen cyanide Nebular hypothesis Environmental impact surveys Hydrogen fluoride Planetesimal hypothesis Impact tests Hydrogen iodide Hypsometer lmpactite Hydrogen isotopes Hypsometry Impedance Hydrogen peroxide Hysteresis exploration Hydrogen sulphide I type granite Impedance Hydrogenation Ice methods Hydrogeological Barrier ice Impedance survey maps Bay ice equipment Hydrogeology Drift ice Impedance surveys Hydrographic Glacier ice Impellers surveys Land ice Imperial smelting Hydrologic cycle Sea ice furnace Hydrologic equation Sheet ice Imperial smelting Hydrological budget Ice action process Hydrological data Ice age Impervious soils Hydrology Icecap Imports Hydrolysis Ice floes Petroleum imports Hydromechanics Ice rafting Raindrop impressions Hydrometallurgy Ice sheet Farm in Percolation (hydrometallurgy) Icebergs Cone in cone structure Hydromulching Iceland spar Fly in fly out Hydromuscovite Ichnofossils Carbon in leach process Hydrophilic Ichthyoliths In place leaching properties ICP spectroscopy Shut in pressure Hydrophobic lddingsite Carbon in pulp process properties Mineral identification Resin in pulp process Hydrosphere ldiomorph texture In seam drilling Earth hydrosphere ldocrase In seam seismic Hydrostatic Igneous breccia methods equilibrium Igneous inclusions In seam seismic Hydrostatic head Igneous intrusions surveys Hydrostatic level Igneous petrology In situ combustion Hydrostatic Igneous rock In situ gasification pressure textures In situ leaching Hydrostatics Igneous rocks In situ recovery Hydrothermal Acid igneous rocks Shut in wells alteration Alkali igneous rocks Incentives Hydrothermal Basic igneous rocks Incineration deposits Felsic igneous rocks Incised meander Hydrothermal fluids Intermediate igneous rocks Incised valleys Potassic igneous rocks Inclined drilling

~~330 KWIC Index~~

Inclined extinction democracy Geographic information systems Inclined folds Industrial diamonds Manual Information systems Inclined shafts Industrial diseases Information Inclusion trails Industrial technology Inclusions engineering Information theory Fluid inclusions Industrial gases Infrared absorption Gas inclusions Industrial gems spectroscopy Igneous inclusions Industrial health Infrared aerial Liquid inclusions Industrial land use photography Mineral inclusions Industrial Infrared analysis Incompetent rock management Infrared filters Incrustations Industrial material Thermal infrared imagery Indentation statistics Infrared mapping hardness tests Industrial materials Infrared Conodont colour Industrial medicine photography alteration index Industrial mineral Infrared radiation Plasticity index reserves Thermal infrared scanning Refractive index Industrial mineral Infrared spectra Whiteness index resources Infrared Index fossils Industrial minerals spectrometers Refractive index liquid Industrial Infrared Index maps nonmetallics spectrophoto Index of refraction Industrial relations meters Card index systems Industrial safety Infrared Indexes Industrial sand spectroscopy (documentation) mining Fourier transform infrared Indexing Industrial training spectroscopy Indicated mineral Industrial waste Thermal infrared surveys resources heaps Infrared thermal Indicated ore Industrial waste scanning reserves treatment Infrared Dip indication maps Industrial wastes thermography Plant indicator Industry Infrastructure Indicator beds Ceramics industry Infusorial earth Indicator elements Chemical industry Inherent moisture Indicator minerals Coal industry Inhibitors Indicator organisms Gas industry Corrosion inhibitOrs Indicator plants Manufacturing industry Inhomogeneous Indicator species Mineral industry media Biological indicators Mining industry Initial dip Chemical indicators Non ferrous metal industry Initial reservoir Direct hydrocarbon indicators Oil industry pressure Performance indicators Petrochemical industry Gas injection Weight indicators Petroleum industry Water injection Indicators (chemical Primary industry Injection breccia analysis) Secondary industry Injection gneiss Indigenous people Steel industry Injection Indirect costs Industry statistics metamorphism Indium Inert gases Injection patterns Indium isotopes Inertinite Injection wells Induced magnetism Statistical inference Inland sea Induced Inferred mineral lnliers magnetization resources lnline pressure jig Induced polarization Inferred ore Innovation survey Inferred ore Inorganic acids equipment reserves Inorganic chemistry Induced polarization Infiltration Nitrogen inorganic surveys Inflation compounds Induced Water influx Input surveys radioactivity Earth sciences information Insecta Induced seismicity Information centres lnsectivora Induction furnaces Information lnselbergs Induction logging disclosure Insolvency Induction logs Information Mine inspection Inductively coupled dissemination Inspissation plasma spectre Information Well bore instability Induration management lnstream analysis Industrial acids Information storage Instrumental Industrial and retrieval chemical archaeology Information systems analysis Industrial Four dimensional information systems Instrumentation

~~331 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Instruments Intraformational ElectricaiiP survey methods Absolute gravity instruments breccia IP surveys Field instruments Intraformational Electrical IP surveys Geophysical instruments conglomerate Magnetic IP surveys Levelling instruments Intraplate Iridium Meteorological instruments earthquakes Iridium isotopes Optical measuring instruments Salt water intrusion lridosmine Radiation Sea water intrusion Iron measuring instruments Intrusion breccia Cast iron Surveying instruments Composite intrusions Pig iron Insulation Igneous intrusions Sponge iron Insurance Layered intrusions Iron alloys Ground water intake Intrusive rocks Iron carbide Intake area Dikes (intrusive rocks) Iron converters Intake basins Intrusive Iron deposits Ground water intake beds sedimentary Banded iron formation Integrated data structures Yttrium iron garnets processing Bombardment (irradiation) Iron meteorites Intellectual property lnvar Stony iron meteorites Artificial intelligence Inventory control Iron minerals Earthquake intensity Invertebrata Iron mines Field intensity Invertebrate Bog iron ore Magnetic field intensity palaeontology Iron ores Seismic intensity Dam site investigations Iron oxides Total magnetic intensity maps Foundation investigations Iron powder Gas oil interface Geological investigations Iron production Gas water interface Seismic investigations Iron reserves Oil water interface Site investigations Iron resources Saline interface Investment Iron silicates Interference colours Foreign investment Iron smelting Interference figure Return on investment Iron sulphides lnterformational Investors Ironstone conglomerate Hydrogen iodide Banded ironstone Interglacial stage Methylene iodide Irradiation Lunar interior Potassium iodide Alpha irradiation Interior drainage Silver iodide Gamma irradiation Intermediate focus Iodides Neutron irradiation earthquakes Iodine X ray irradiation Intermediate Iodine cycle Irrigation igneous rocks Iodine isotopes lsasmelt Intermittent stream lon beam analysis Island arcs Earth internal structure lon exchange Ocean island basalt International lon exchange resins Islands agreements lon exchangers lsobutane International map of lon flotation lsochore maps the world Mobile metal ion technique lsochron Internet Ionium deficiency Seismic isochron lnterplate dating lsochron maps earthquakes Ionium excess Isochronal tests Interpretation dating Isoclines Electrical survey interpretation Ionium thorium Isometric projection Electromagnetic interpretation dating Isometric system EM interpretation Ionization Isomorphism Geochemical interpretation Gas ionization Isopach maps Geological interpretation Ionization Time isopach maps Geophysical interpretation coefficients lsopotential level Gravity interpretation Ionization counters Isoprenoid alkanes Image interpretation Ionizing radiation lsosalinity maps IP interpretation Ionosphere lsoseismal lines Magnetic interpretation Ions Isostasy Photogeological interpretation Metal ions Isostatic anomalies Radiometric interpretation Mobile metal ions Isostatic change Seismic interpretation Oxonium ions Isostatic correction Well log interpretation IP anomalies Isotope age Interpretative maps IP interpretation Lead isotope dating Interstices IP maps Radioactive isotope dating Interstitial water IP methods Uranium isotope dating Intertidal zone Magnetic IP methods Isotope fractionation Contour interval IP profiles Isotope Intracratonic basins IP survey geochemistry equipment Isotope geology

~~332 KWIC Index~~

Isotope ratio Radon isotopes Joint system Isotope separation Rhenium isotopes Joint ventures Isotopes Rhodium isotopes Jointing Actinium isotopes Rubidium isotopes Columnar jointing Aluminium isotopes Ruthenium isotopes Prismatic jointing Americium isotopes Samarium isotopes Journals Argon isotopes Scandium isotopes Jumbos Arsenic isotopes Selenium isotopes Jupiter Barium isotopes Silicon isotopes Jurassic Berkelium isotopes Silver isotopes K Ar dating Beryllium isotopes Sodium isotopes Kames Bismuth isotopes Stable isotopes Kankar Boron isotopes Strontium isotopes Kaolin Bromine isotopes Sulfur isotopes Kaolinised Cadmium isotopes Sulphur isotopes sandstone Caesium isotopes Tantalum isotopes Kaolinite Calcium isotopes Tellurium isotopes Kaolinization Californium isotopes Terbium isotopes Karlsbad twin law Carbon isotopes Thallium isotopes Karst Cerium isotopes Thorium isotopes Karst topography Chlorine isotopes Thulium isotopes Book keeping Chromium isotopes Tin isotopes Kelly Cobalt isotopes Titanium isotopes Keratophyre Copper isotopes Tritium isotopes Kerogen Curium isotopes Tungsten isotopes Kerosene Einsteinium isotopes Uranium isotopes Kerosene shale Erbium isotopes Vanadium isotopes Kettles Europium isotopes Xenon isotopes Key fossil Fermium isotopes Ytterbium isotopes Keywords Fluorine isotopes Yttrium isotopes Gas kicks Gadolinium isotopes Zinc isotopes Kidney stone Gallium isotopes Zirconium isotopes Kieselguhr Germanium isotopes Isotopic age Killed wells Gold isotopes determination Kilns Hafnium isotopes Isotopic Beehive kilns Helium isotopes fractionation Brick kilns Holmium isotopes Isotopic number Rotary kilns Hydrogen isotopes Isotropic minerals Shaft kilns Indium isotopes Isotropy Tunnel kilns Iodine isotopes ltabirite Kimberlite Iridium isotopes Water jackets Para kimberlite Krypton isotopes Jackhammers Kimberlite pipes Lanthanum isotopes Pipe jacking Kinetic energy Lawrencium isotopes Jacks Kinetics Lead isotopes Jacobsite Klippe Lithium isotopes Jacupirangite Knotted hornfels Lutetium isotopes Jade facies Magnesium isotopes Jadeite Knotted schist Manganese isotopes Jakobsite Knotted slate Mendelevium isotopes Jamesonite Knowledge Mercury isotopes Jarosite management Molybdenum isotopes Jarosite process Koepe hoist Neodymium isotopes Jasper Komatiite Neon isotopes Jasper opal Konimeter Neptunium isotopes Jasperization Kriging Nickel isotopes Jasperoid Krypton Niobium isotopes Jaspilite Krypton isotopes Nitrogen isotopes Jaw crushers Kunkar Nobelium isotopes Jet cutting Kupfernickel Osmiridium isotopes Water jet cutting Kupferschiefer type Osmium isotopes Jet drilling deposit Oxygen isotopes Abrasive jet drilling Kuroko deposits Palladium isotopes Hydraulic jet drilling Kyanite Platinum isotopes Jetting Kyanite schist Plutonium isotopes lnline pressure jig Mise a Ia masse methods Polonium isotopes Jigging Mise a Ia masse surveys Potassium isotopes Jigs (concentrators) Laboratories Praseodymium isotopes Joides Chemical laboratories Radioactive isotopes Joint Metallurgical laboratories Radiogenic isotopes Joint plane Mobile laboratories Radium isotopes Joint spacing Research laboratories

~~333 e~~

~~GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus e~~

Testing laboratories Landsat imagery Bulk cyanide Leach e Laboratory analysis Landscaping Bulk leach extractable Laboratory Landslide breccia gold equipment Landslides Carbon in leach process Laboratory methods Programming languages Leached outcrop e Laboratory studies Lanthanide series Leaching Laboratory tests metals Acid leaching Labour relations Lanthanons Alkali leaching Labour unions Lanthanum Ammoniacal leaching e Labradorite Lanthanum isotopes Bacterial leaching Labyrinthodontia Lapidary Column leaching Laccoliths Lapilli Dump leaching Lacustrine Lapis lazuli Heap leaching e environment Large diameter High pressure leaching Lacustrine drilling In place leaching sediments Larvikite In situ leaching Lacustrine soils Laser applications Pressure leaching e Time lag Laser surveys Soil leaching Lag deposits Lasers Vat leaching Lag gravel Latent heat Leaching (geology) Lag sampling Lateral accretion Lead e Deflation lag sampling Lateral erosion Native lead Lag sediments Lateral fault Radiogenic lead Lagoonal Lateral logging Red lead environment Time lead e Lateral logs Lagoons Lateral moraines Lead acid batteries Lava lake Lateral secretion Thorium lead age method Oxbow lake Lateral shift Uranium lead age method e Lake deposits Laterites Uranium thorium lead age method Lake sediment Lateritic gold Lead alloys sampling deposits Lead alpha dating Lake sediments Lateritic gold ores Lead converters e Lakes Lateritic nickel Thorium lead dating Crater lakes Lateritic nickel Uranium lead dating Fluvial lakes deposits Uranium thorium lead dating Glacial lakes Lateritic nickel ores Lead deposits e Playa lakes Lateritic soil Lead glass Salt lakes Lateritization Lead isotope dating Lamellibranchia Laterization Lead isotopes Lamination Latite Deep lead maps e Blue Iamping Nepheline latite Lead matte Lamproite Quartz latite Lead minerals Lamprophyre Latite porphyry Lead mines Safety lamps Latitude Lead ores e Arable land Geomagnetic latitude Lead oxides Slips (land) Latitude correction Lead poisoning Land access Crystal lattice Lead production Land bridge Launders Lead ratio e Land development Laurasia Lead refining Land erosion Laurvikite Lead reserves Land filling Lava flows Lead resources Land ice Lava lake Lead smelting e Land reclamation Lavas Lead sulphate Land rights Pillow lavas Lead sulphides Aboriginal land rights Carlsbad twin law Deep leads Land subsidence Darcys law Prospects and leads e Land surveys Hookes law Single Leaf Filter Test Land use Karlsbad twin law Leaf filters Industrial land use Law of the sea Leaky aquifers Multiple land use Lawrencium Leaky confined bed Urban land use Lawrencium Lease maps Land use planning isotopes Mineral leases - Land use zoning D layer Mining leases Land utilization High speed layer Petroleum leases e Landforms High velocity layer Leveraged leasing Arid lands Low velocity layer Least squares Semiarid lands Layered intrusions method Legal case notes e Landsat Layered reservoirs Landsat 1 Plant layout Legal liability Landsat 2 Lapis lazuli Legend Landsat 3 Lazurite Map legend e 334 e - KWIC Index

Legislation Lime soda ash Refractive index liquid Environmental legislation process Specific gravity liquid Mineral legislation Limestone Liquid ammonia Mining legislation Algal limestone Liquid Offshore mineral legislation Allochthonous limestone chromatography Offshore petroleum legislation Argillaceous limestone Gas liquid Petroleum legislation Arkosic limestone chromatography Focal length Coral limestone Liquid flow Lens Crystalline limestone Liquid fuels Lepidolite Dolomitic limestone Liquid helium Lepidoptera Foraminiferal limestone Liquid hydrogen Leptite Freshwater limestone Liquid inclusions Leucite Lithographic limestone Liquid limit Leucite basalt Magnesian limestone Liquid liquid Leucite basanite Oolitic limestone separation Leucite phonolite Pelagic limestone Liquid membranes Leucite syenite Pelletal limestone Liquid metal cooled Leucite tephrite Reef limestone reactors Leucitite Siliceous limestone Liquid metal fuel Leucogranite Limestone caves cells Leucoxene Elastic limit Liquid nitrogen Natural levee Liquid limit Liquid oxygen Levee sediments Plastic limit Liquid phases Levees Atterberg limits Gas liquid ratio Abney level Confidence limits Oil liquid ratio Base level Limnology Solid to liquid ratio Ground water level Limonite Natural gas liquid recovery Hydrostatic level Base line Natural gas liquid reserves lsopotentiallevel Contour line Heavy liquid separation Sea level Fault line Liquid liquid separation Static level Flight line Solid liquid separation Levelling Form line Liquid wastes Barometric levelling Hinge line Flammable liquids First order levelling Seismic line Heavy liquids Geodetic levelling Wire line core barrel Natural gas liquids Levelling Wire line coring Liquids evaluation instruments Base line data tests Leveraged leasing Wire line drilling Listric faults Lherzolite Line location maps Literature reviews Legal liability Wire line logging Litharge Libraries Wire line logs Lithification Core library Flight line maps Lithionite Licences Fault line scarps Lithium Exploration licences Directed line source Lithium deposits Petroleum licences Line spectra Lithium isotopes exploration Lineament analysis Lithium mica Half life Lineament maps Lithium minerals Origin of life Lineaments Lithofacies Radioactive half life Linear programming Lithofacies maps Airlift Linear regression Lithographic Artificial lift Lineation limestone Light Liners Lithographic texture Polarized light Metal liners Lithologic Lighting Rubber liners correlation Electrical lighting Well liners Lithologic logs Mine lighting Gathering lines Lithologic maps Lightning lsoseismal lines Lithologic unit Earthquake lights Spectral lines Lithology Northern lights Shaft linings Lithosphere Lightweight Tunnel linings Earth lithosphere aggregates Linnaeite Lithostatic pressure Lightweight Liptinite Lithostratigraphic concrete Coal liquefaction unit Lignin Soil liquefaction Lithostratigraphic Lignite Liquefied gases zone Limb Liquefied natural Littoral currents Limburgite gas Littoral drift Lime Liquefied petroleum Littoral environment Lime cements gas Littoral sediments Lime concretion Condensers (liquefiers) Littoral zone Lime sands Immersion liquid Living standards

~~335 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Bed load Logging equipment Low fluid loss muds Dissolved load Fuzzy logic Lost circulation River load Logs Low angle thrust Stream load Acoustic logs Low density muds Suspended load Biostratigraphic logs Low fluid loss muds Load Bore logs Low grade coal metamorphism Caliper logs Low grade ores Loaders Composite logs Low heat cements Coal loaders Conductivity logs Low magnesium Cutter loaders Contact logs calcite Front end loaders Core logs Low permeability Loading pockets Density logs reservoirs Sandy loam Digital logs Low rank coal Loam sampling Dipmeter logs Low rank Loams Directional logs metamorphism Gold loans Directional well logs Low temperature Type locality Drill logs batteries Location maps Drill hole logs Low temperature Line location maps Drillers logs tests Sample location maps Electrical logs Low velocity layer Traverse location maps Electrical well logs Low velocity zone Well location surveys Gamma logs Lower mantle Locomotives Gamma gamma logs Earth lower mantle Battery locomotives Gas logs Lubricating oil Diesel locomotives Geochemical logs Luminescence Mine locomotives Geological logs Mud lumps Stringer lode Geophysical logs Lunar atmosphere Lode deposits Graphic logs Lunar craters Lodes Induction logs Lunar crust Lodestone Lateral logs Lunar dust Loellingite Lithologic logs Lunar eclipse Loess Magnetic logs Lunar environment Log analysis Mud logs Lunar geology Quantitative log analysis Neutron logs Lunar interior Well log interpretation Neutron gamma logs Lunar photography Logging Neutron neutron logs Lunar rock Acoustic logging Norinallogs Lunar structure Bore logging Nuclear logs Lunar topography Borehole logging Nuclear magnetism logs Lunette Caliper logging Proximity logs Lutecium Conductivity logging Radiation logs Lutetium Contact logging Radiation well logs Lutetium hafnium Core logging Radioactivity logs age method Density logging Resistivity logs Lutetium hafnium Directional well logging Sample logs dating Electrical logging Self potential logs Lutetium isotopes Electrical well logging Sonic logs Lutite Focussed current logging SP logs Luxullianite Gamma logging Spontaneous Lycopsida Gamma gamma logging potential logs Lysimeters Geological logging Strip logs M discontinuity Induction logging Temperature logs Maars Lateral logging Velocity logs Macerals Mud logging Well logs Coal macerals Neutron logging Wire line logs Machinability Normal logging Lollingite Excavating machinery Nuclear logging Longhole drilling Refrigerating machinery Nuclear well logging Longitude Vibrators (machinery) Radiation logging Geomagnetic longitude Computing machines Radiation well logging Longitudinal dune Mucking machines Radioactive well logging Longitudinal fault Tunnelling machines Radioactivity logging Longitudinal folds Macrocrystalline Resistivity logging Longitudinal textures Self potential logging moraines Macrodome Sonic logging Longitudinal section Macrofossils SP logging Longwall mining Macrolithology Temperature logging Side looking radar Macropodoidea Temperature well logging Fixed loop EM surveys Macrospores Velocity logging Lopoliths Macrotectonics Well logging Loran Mafic front Wire line logging Los Angeles test Mafic rocks

~~336 KWIC Index~~

Maghemite Total magnetic intensity Earthquake magnitude Magma maps Maintenance Magma basalt Magnetic Care and maintenance Magma chamber interpretation Plant maintenance Magmatic Magnetic IP Major element assimilation methods analysis Magmatic deposits Magnetic IP surveys Brick making Magmatic Magnetic logs Cement making differentiation Magnetic maps Coke making Magmatic ore Aerial magnetic maps Glass making deposits Magnetic minerals Steel making Magmatic Magnetic Malachite segregation overprinting Maldonite Magmatic stoping Magnetic pixel Mammalia Differentiation (magmatic) maps Mammillary Magmatic water Magnetic poles structure Magmatism Magnetic profiles Management Magnesia Magnetic properties Coastal management Magnesian Nuclear magnetic resonance Crisis management limestone spectroscopy Data management Magnesian marble Magnetic reversals Disaster management Magnesite Magnetic separation Emergency management Magnesite Magnetic Energy management refractories separators Environmental management Magnesium Magnetic storms Exploration management Low magnesium calcite Magnetic survey Ground water management Magnesium equipment Industrial management carbonates Magnetic survey Information management Magnesium methods Knowledge management isotopes Magnetic surveys Manpower management Magnesium Aerial magnetic surveys Mine management minerals Ground magnetic surveys Personnel management Magnesium oxides Marine magnetic surveys Production management Magnesium silicates Magnetic Project management Magnetic airborne susceptibility Records management detection Magnetic tapes Research management Magnetic anisotropy Davis magnetic test Reservoir management Magnetic anomalies Magnetism Risk management Aerial magnetic anomalies Induced magnetism Sales management Magnetic anomaly Remanent magnetism Supply management detection Terrestrial magnetism Systems management Magnetic basement Nuclear magnetism logs Total quality management Magnetic basement Magnetite Waste management maps Induced magnetization Water management Magnetic cards Remanent magnetization Watershed management Magnetic Spontaneous magnetization Management audit compasses Magnetochemistry Management Magnetic core Magnetohydrodyna engineering orientation mics Management Magnetic data Magnetohydrostatic methods Magnetic dating separation Management Magnetic Magnetometer array philosophy declination Magnetometer Management Magnetic detection surveys planning Magnetic disks Magnetometers Management Magnetic Fluxgate magnetometers training disturbances Helium magnetometers Manganese Magnetic domain Nuclear resonance magnetometers Bog manganese maps Proton precession magnetometers Manganese Magnetic equator Torsion magnetometers deposits Magnetic Vapour magnetometers Manganese exploration Vibration magnetometers isotopes Magnetic field Magnetosphere Manganese intensity Magnetostratigraph minerals Magnetic field y Manganese nodules strength Magnetotelluric Manganese ores Magnetic fields methods Manganese oxides Magnetic fluids Magnetotelluric Manganese steel Magnetic surveys Manganite gradiometers Audio frequency magnetotellurics Mangrove swamps Rare earth magnets Mangroves

~~337 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Manometers Geological maps Forsterite marble Manpower Geomorphic maps Magnesian marble management Geophysical maps Serpentine marble Manpower planning Geothermal maps Marcasite Manpower Gravity maps Mare utilization Hydrogeological maps Active margin Mantle Index maps Chilled margin Earth mantle Interpretative maps Continental margin Earth lower mantle IP maps Convergent margin Earth upper mantle lsochore maps Passive margin Lower mantle lsochron maps Marginal marine Waste mantle Isopach maps environment Mantle fluids lsosalinity maps Marginal plateaus Mantle plumes Lease maps Marialite Field manual Line location maps Marine cut platform Manual information Lineament maps Marine cut terrace systems Lithofacies maps Marine deposits Manuals Lithologic maps Marine disposal Manufactured gas Location maps Marine drilling Manufacturing Magnetic maps Marine drilling industry Magnetic basement maps platforms Convergence map Magnetic domain maps Marine environment Thickness map Magnetic pixel maps Marginal marine environment Map legend Metallogenic maps Non marine environment International map of the world Metamorphic maps Marine erosion Stereoscopic map plotters Mine maps Marine Map projection Mineral resource maps geochemistry Map symbols Navigation track maps Marine geology Thematic mapper surveys Ore grade contour maps Marine geophysics Mapping Orthophoto maps Marine gravity Aerial mapping Outcrop maps surveys Airborne mapping Palaeogeographic maps Marine magnetic Extraterrestrial mapping Palaeotectonic maps surveys Field mapping Petroleum Marine mineral Geochemical mapping occurrence maps exploration Geological mapping Petroleum resource maps Marine mining Infrared mapping Photomaps Marine offlap Plane table mapping Photogeological maps Marine onlap Radar mapping Radiometric maps Marine parks Regional mapping Regional maps Marine petroleum Regolith mapping Regional gravity maps exploration Sensor mapping Regolith maps Marine phosphates Stratigraphic mapping Relief maps Marine placer Structural mapping Residual maps deposits Subsurface mapping Residual anomaly maps Marine pollution Underground mapping Resource maps Marine regression Mapping cameras Sample location maps Marine sediments Maps Second derivative maps Glacial marine sediments Aerial magnetic maps Seismic maps Marine seismic Aeromagnetic maps Shot point maps exploration Areal maps Soil maps Marine seismic Base maps Stratigraphic maps methods Basement depth maps Stream sediment maps Marine seismic Biofacies maps Structural maps surveys Bouguer anomaly maps Structure contour maps Marine survey Cadastral maps Subcrop maps equipment Coal resource maps Subsurface maps Marine surveys Contour maps Tectonic maps Marine Deep lead maps Tenement maps transgression Depth structure maps Time isopach maps Maris Derivative maps Time structure maps Asymmetric ripple mark Digital maps TMimaps Marker beds Dip indication maps Topographic maps Marker horizon Electromagnetic maps Total magnetic Biological markers EM maps intensity maps Market research Facies maps Traverse location maps Marketing Field maps Water resource maps Current ripple marks Flight maps Marble Oscillation ripple marks Flight line maps Actinolite marble Ripple marks Free air anomaly maps Brucite marble Sole marks Geochemical maps Dolomitic marble Marts

~~338 KWIC Index~~

Marmatite Mathematical Dense media separation Marmorization geology Heavy media separation Mars Mathematical Heavy media separators Mars atmosphere methods Medial moraines Marsh gas Mathematical Mediation Marsupialia models Industrial medicine Martite Mathematical Meerschaum Masonry programming Meetings Masonry cements Mathematical Mega breccia Masonry dams statistics Megafauna Relative molecular mass Mathematics Megaflora Mass fires Application of mathematics Megafossils Mass spectra Matrix (petrology) Megajoint analysis Mass spectrographs Matrix algebra Megatectonics Mass spectrometers Algal mats Meionite Mass spectrometry Microbial mats Melange Mass spectroscopy Matte Melaphyre Mass transfer Copper matte Melilite Mise a Ia masse methods Lead matte Melilite basalt Mise a Ia masse surveys Nickel matte Melting point Massif Mineral matter Melts Massive sulphide Organic matter Membranes deposits Particulate matter Liquid membranes Master curve Volatile matter Mendelevium Curve matching Maturation Mendelevium Organic material Thermal maturity isotopes Sinter (material) Entrenched meander Mercalli scale Material balance Incised meander Modified Mercalli scale Industrial material statistics Meanders Mercator projection Materials Measured mineral Native mercury Absorbers (materials) resources Mercury (metal) Attrition (materials) Measured ore Mercury (planet) Audio visual materials reserves Mercury amalgam Binders (materials) Earth measurement Mercury deposits Bituminous materials Electromag Mercury halo Building materials distance measurement technique Ceramic materials Flow measurement Mercury isotopes Composite materials Pressure measurement Mercury minerals Construction materials Strain measurement Mergers: Deformation (materials) Stress measurement Merostomata Failure (materials) Flow measurement Mesas ' Fatigue (materials) (ground water) Mesothermal Fissionable materials Measurement while deposits Hardening (materials) drilling Mesozoic Hazardous materials Coal measures Metadata Heat resistant materials Performance measures Mercury (metal) Industrial materials Distance measuring Road metal Moulding materials equipment Scrap metal Pitch (materials) Optical measuring Sponge metal Photographic materials instruments Metal abundance Piezoelectric materials Radiation measuring Metal carbides Radioactive materials instruments Precious metal coatings Raw materials Mechanic analysis Liquid metal cooled Refractory materials Mechanical reactors Salvage materials engineering Metal corrosion Semiconductor materials Mechanical Base metal deposits Strategic materials properties Heavy metal deposits Strength of materials Mechanical stage Precious metal deposits Synthetic materials Mechanical tests Metal detectors Wear (materials) Mechanical Base metal exploration Materials handling weathering Metal fabrication Materials handling Fluid mechanics Liquid metal fuel cells equipment Quantum mechanics Non ferrous metal industry Materials Rock mechanics Mobile metal ion technique technology Soil mechanics Metal ions Materials tests Emplacement mechanism Mobile metal ions Mathematical Mechanization Metal liners analysis Heavy media Precious metal ores Mathematical Homogeneous media Metal prices applications Inhomogeneous media Metal ratio Heavy media cyclones Metal scrap

~~339 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Metal statistics Metamorphic Uranium lead age method Metallic minerals petrology Uranium series age method Metallics Metamorphic rank Uranium thorium Metalliferous Metamorphic rock lead age method deposits textures UTEM method Non metalliferous Metamorphic rocks Methods deposits Metamorphism Aerial EM methods Metalliferous Burial metamorphism Afmag survey methods minerals Cataclastic metamorphism Age determination methods Non metalliferous Contact metamorphism AVO methods minerals Dynamic metamorphism Blasting methods Metalliferous sands Geothermal metamorphism Colorimetric methods Metallogenesis High rank metamorphism Computer methods Metallogenic epoch Hydrothermal metamorphism Crosshole seismic methods Metallogenic maps Impact metamorphism Decision methods Metallogenic Injection metamorphism Deep seismic methods province Load metamorphism Direct current methods Metallographic Low rank metamorphism EDM methods province Plutonic metamorphism Electrical IP survey methods Metallography Pneumatolytic metamorphism Electrical survey methods Metallurgical Regional metamorphism EM methods analysis Retrograde metamorphism EM sounding methods Case hardening (metallurgical) Superimposed metamorphism Gas production methods Metallurgical coal Thermal metamorphism Geochemical methods Metallurgical coke Metaquartzite Geophysical methods Metallurgical Metasediments Geothermal survey methods converters Metasomatism Gravity methods Metallurgical Contact metasomatism Gravity survey methods furnaces Hydrothermal metasomatism Ground EM methods Metallurgical Regional metasomatism Impedance methods laboratories Metatheria In seam seismic methods Metallurgical Metazoa IP methods training Meteoric water Laboratory methods Metallurgy Meteorite craters Magnetic IP methods Extractive metallurgy Meteorites Magnetic survey methods Physical metallurgy Iron meteorites Magnetotelluric methods Powder metallurgy Stony meteorites Management methods Primary metallurgy Stony iron meteorites Marine seismic methods Secondary metallurgy Meteorological Mathematical methods Vacuum metallurgy instruments Microwave methods Vapour metallurgy Meteorological Mining methods Extractive metallurgy stations Mise a Ia masse methods equipment Meteorology Offshore production methods Metals Precipitation (meteorology) Oil production methods Alkali metals Meteors Petroleum Alkaline earth metals Metering production methods Base metals Frequency meters Pneumatic methods Heavy metals Gravity meters Production methods Lanthanide series metals Moisture meters Pulse EM methods Noble metals pH meters Radioactivity survey methods Non ferrous metals Vibration meters Reinforcement methods Platinum metals Methane Resistivity methods Precious metals Coalbed methane Sampling methods Rare earth metals Methane drainage Seismic reflection methods Recrystallization (metals) Methane series Seismic refraction methods Trace metals Methanol Seismic survey methods Metamict minerals Austrian tunnelling method Self potential methods Metamorphic Bootstrap method Sirotem methods assemblage Critical path method Slingram EM methods Metamorphic Dighem method SP methods complex Electromagnetic Spontaneous Metamorphic survey method potential methods deposits Helium age method Statistical methods Metamorphic Least squares method Telluric current methods evolution Lutetium hafnium Thermal recovery methods Metamorphic facies age method Three dimensional methods Metamorphic fluid Monte Carlo method Track etch survey methods Metamorphic Rietveld method Transient EM methods geology Stochastic method Turam EM survey methods Metamorphic grade Thorium lead age method ULF EM methods Metamorphic maps Uranium 234 age method VLF EM methods

~~340 KWIC Index~~

Methyl orange Electron microscopy Mine hoisting Methylene iodide Optical microscopy Mine hoists Metric conversion Ore microscopy Mine inspection Metrology Scanning electron microscopy Mine lighting MHO electrical X ray microscopy Mine locomotives power generation Microseisms Mine management MHS separation Microspores Mine maps Mica Microtectonics Mine models Lithium mica Microwave methods Mine pillars Potash mica Microwave Mine planning White mica spectroscopy Mine production Quartz mica diorite Microwaves Mine rehabilitation Two mica granite Midocean ridge Mine relics Mica schist basalt Mine rescue Gamet mica schist Midocean ridges Mine roads Micaceous hematite Migmatite Mine safety Micaceous quartzite Migmatization Mine sampling Micaceous Migration Mine seals sandstone Contaminant migration Mine shafts Micaceous shale Petroleum migration Mine spoil heaps Micrinite Polar migration Mine subsidence Micrite Pre stack depth migration Air blast (mine subsidence) Microanalysis Seismic migration Mine support Microbarographs Milankovitch theory Mine surveying Microbes Military applications Mine tailings Microbial mats Military geology Mine timber Microbiological Milky Way Mine transportation processes Hot strip mill Mine ventilation Microchemical tests Mill water Mine wastes Microclimatology Millerite Mine waters Microcline Ball milling Acid mine waters Microcomputers Hammer milling Mineragraphy Microcrystalline Pebble milling Dolomite (mineral) textures Rod milling Gem mineral Microdiamonds Milling Greenstone (mineral) Microfauna (comminution) Mineral alteration Microfiche Autogenous mills Bulk mineral analysis Microfilm Ball mills Heavy mineral analysis Microflora Conical mills Bulk mineral analyzers Microforms Grinding mills Mineral assemblage Microfossils Hammer mills Mineral Porphyritic microgranite Pebble mills beneficiation Micrographics Pellet mills Mineral charcoal Microgravity Rod mills Mineral chemistry surveys Rolling mills Mineral claims Microhardness tests Stamp mills Mineral Microlaterlogs Tower mills concentrates Microlithology Tube mills Mineral Micrologging Vibrating mills conservation Micrologs Mimetite Mineral deposits Microorganism Batteries (mine) Alluvial mineral deposits control (water) Mine batteries Arsenate mineral deposits Microorganisms Mine bursts Borate mineral deposits Micropalaeontology Mine cars Deep sea mineral deposits Microphotography Mine closure Epigenetic mineral deposits Microplankton Mine Grade (mineral deposits) Microprobe analysis communications Heavy mineral deposits Electron microprobes Mine design Porphyry mineral deposits Micropulsations Mine development Sedimentary mineral deposits Microradiography Mine drainage Stratiform mineral deposits Petrographic microscope Acid mine drainage Submarine mineral deposits Petrological microscope Mine dust Tungsten mineral deposits Microscopes Mine evaluation Undersea mineral deposits Binocular microscopes Mine exploration Zoning (mineral deposits) Electron microscopes Mine fill Mineral discovery Optical microscopes Mine filling Mineral economics Polarizing microscopes Mine fires Mineral exploration Scanning electron microscopes Mine gases Marine mineral exploration Transmission Mine geology Mineral fibres electron microscopes Mine haulage Artificial mineral fibres Microscopy Mine heritage Mineral genesis

~~341 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Mineral Copper minerals Coal mines identification Detrital minerals Copper mines Mineral inclusions Economic minerals Diamond mines Mineral industry Evaporite minerals Gold mines Mineral leases Extractive minerals Iron mines Mineral legislation Ferromagnesian minerals Lead mines Offshore mineral legislation Fibrous minerals Nickel mines Mineral matter Fused minerals Potash mines Mineral occurrence Gold minerals Silver mines Mineral physics Halogen minerals Timbering (mines) Mineral policy Heavy minerals Tin mines Mineral prices Host minerals Tungsten mines Mineral processing Indicator minerals Uranium mines Mineral processing Industrial minerals Zinc mines equipment Iron minerals Minette Mineral processing Isotropic minerals Minicomputers research Lead minerals Mining Mineral prospect Lithium minerals Alluvial mining Mineral research Magnesium minerals Autogenous mining Mineral reserves Magnetic minerals Beach mining Industrial mineral reserves Manganese minerals Beach sand mining Mineral resource Mercury minerals Blasthole mining maps Metallic minerals Block caving mining Mineral resources Metalliferous minerals Bord and pillar mining Indicated mineral resources Metamict minerals Caving mining Industrial mineral resources Molybdenum minerals Chemical mining Inferred mineral resources Nickel minerals Coal mining Measured mineral resources Nitrate minerals Commuter mining Offshore mineral resources Non metalliferous minerals Continuous mining Onshore mineral resources Nonsilicate minerals Cut and fill mining Mineral rights Opaque minerals Data mining Heavy mineral sampling Ore minerals Deep mining Mineral sand mining Oxide minerals Deep sea mining Mineral sands Phosphate minerals Drift mining Heavy mineral sands Pigment minerals Drilling platforms (mining) Mineral separation Platinum minerals Drive mining Mineral separators Potassium minerals Face preparation (mining) Mineral series Primary minerals Gloryhole mining Mineral signatures Radioactive minerals Ground water mining Mineral springs Rare earth minerals Highwall mining Mineral statistics Rock minerals Hydraulic mining Mineral streaking Rock forming minerals Industrial sand mining Mineral tenements Secondary minerals Longwall mining Mineral textures Selenium minerals Marine mining Mineral Silica minerals Mineral sand mining thermometry Silicate minerals Multiple seam mining Mineral valuation Silver minerals Ocean mining Mineral zoning Strategic minerals Offshore mining Mineralization Strontium minerals Opal mining Mineralogy Sulfate minerals Open cast mining Bulk mineralogy Sulfide minerals Open cut mining Clay mineralogy Sulphate minerals Open pit mining Crystallization (mineralogy) Sulphide minerals Open stope mining Optical mineralogy Synthetic minerals Pillar mining Ore mineralogy Tantalum minerals Placer mining Process mineralogy Tellurium minerals Raising (mining) Recrystallization (mineralogy) Thorium minerals Resuing mining Zoning (mineralogy) Tin minerals Retreat mining Minerals Titanium minerals Room and pillar mining Accessory minerals Tungsten minerals Sand mining Aluminium minerals Uranium minerals Selective mining Antimony minerals Vanadium minerals Short wall mining Arsenic minerals Yttrium minerals Solution mining Barium minerals Zeolite minerals Stope mining Bismuth minerals Zinc minerals Strip mining Borate minerals Zirconium minerals Sublevel cave mining Carbonate minerals Miners phthisis Surface mining Chromite minerals Mines Terrace mining Chromium minerals Abandoned mines Thick seam mining Clay minerals Antimony mines Thin seam mining Cobalt minerals Bauxite mines Timbered stope mining

~~342 KWIC Index~~

Top slice mining Philosophical models Quartz monzonite Trackless mining Physical models Monzonite porphyry Trial mining Relief models Moon Truck and shovel mining Three dimensional models Origin of the moon Underground mining Two dimensional models Moonstone Undersea mining Beryllium moderated reactors Mooring systems Underwater mining Graphite moderated reactors End moraine Mining acts Organic moderated reactors Frontal moraine Mining agreements Water moderated reactors Moraines Mining claims Modified Mercalli Glacial moraines Mining code scale Ground moraines Mining engineering Modifiers Lateral moraines Mining equipment Modifying reagents Longitudinal moraines Mining geology Fineness modulus Medial moraines Mining geophysics Youngs modulus Terminal moraines Mining history Modulus of elasticity MORB Mining industry Moho Morphologic Mining leases Mohorovicic evolution Mining legislation discontinuity Morphology Mining methods Mohr circles Grain morphology Mining policy Mohs scale Mortars Mining practice Moisture Refractory mortars Mining research Free moisture Mosaics Mining technology Hygroscopic moisture Moss agate Mining towns Inherent moisture Mossbauer Mining training Soil moisture spectroscopy Minium Moisture content Motor vehicles Minor elements Moisture meters Moulding clay Miocene Molasse Moulding materials Miogeosyncline Relative molecular mass Moulding sands MIP surveys Molecular sieves Mound springs Mise a Ia masse Molecular spectra Mud mounds methods Molecular Termite mounds Mise a Ia masse spectroscopy Mountain building surveys Molecular structure Mountain glacier Misfires Molecular weight Mountains Mississippi Valley Mollusca Block mountains type deposits Molten salt reactors Fold mountains Water mist Molybdenite Roche moutonnee Mixed base crudes Molybdenum Capillary movement Ready mixed concrete Molybdenum Continental movement Mixers deposits Ground water movement Mixing Molybdenum Apparent movement of faults Coal oil mixtures isotopes Plate movement rate Coal water mixtures Molybdenum Crustal movements Mizzonite minerals Dune movements MMI technique Monadnocks Earth movements MMR surveys Monazite Secular movements Mobile belt Monazite sands Earth moving Mobile crushers Monchiquite Earth moving equipment Mobile laboratories Monitor (hydraulic) Muck pile Mobile metal ion Monitoring Mucking technique Condition monitoring Mucking machines Mobile metal ions Seismic monitoring Red mud Mobile plant Monoaromatic Mud (drilling) Mobile power steroids Mud additives generation Monoclines Mud cake Ore mobilization Monoclinic system Mud circulation Modelling Monoplacophora Mud column Computer modelling Monotremata Mud conditioning Data modelling Carbon monoxide Mud cracks Models Monsoon Mud cyclones Conceptual models Montanwax Mud degassing Earth models Monte Carlo Mud desanding Electrical models method Mud filter cake Four dimensional models Montmorillonite Mud filtrates Geological models Monumental stone Mud gas analyzers Geophysical models Geological monuments Mud logging Mathematical models Monzonite Mud logs Mine models Nepheline monzonite Mud lumps Numerical models Pyroxene monzonite Mud mounds

~~343 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Mud properties Overthrust nappe Neon Mud systems Thrust nappe Neon compounds Mud volcanoes National heritage Neon isotopes Mudding off National parks Nepheline Mudflows Native antimony Nepheline basalt Drilling muds Native arsenic Nepheline latite Emulsion muds Native copper Nepheline Gas cut muds Native gold monzonite Low density muds Native lead Nepheline syenite Low fluid loss muds Native mercury Nepheline syenite Oil base muds Native platinum porphyry Oil cut muds Native silver Nephelinite Oil emulsion muds Native tin Olivine nephelinite Synthetic oil base muds Native title Nephrite Water base muds Natrolite Neptune Mudstone Natron Neptunium Conglomeratic mudstone Natural asphalts Neptunium isotopes Mudstone Natural bitumens Neritic zone conglomerate Natural depletion Net heat value Muffle furnaces Natural fuel reactors Net present value Mugearite Natural gas Net smelter return Geiger muller counters Liquefied natural gas Wire netting Mullion structure Synthetic natural gas Gravity network Mullite Natural gas Network deposit Mullock conversion Computer networks Multiband aerial Natural gas fields Neural networks photography Natural gas liquid Networks Multichannel recovery (computer) spectrometers Natural gas liquid Neural networks Multielement reserves Neutral refractories analysis Natural gas liquids Neutralizing Multilayer reservoirs Natural gas Neutron activation Multimedia pipelines analysis Multinational Natural gas prices Neutron counters companies Natural gas Neutron detectors Multiphase production Neutron gamma pipelines Natural gas reserve logs Multiple estimation Neutron irradiation Multiple completion Natural gas Neutron logging Multiple land use reserves Neutron logs Multiple reflectance Natural gas Neutron neutron logs Multiple reflections reservoirs Neutron neutron Multiple seam Natural gas logs mining resources Neutron Multispectral Natural gas spectrometers imagery treatment Neutron Aerial multispectral Natural hazards spectroscopy scanning Natural history Neve Multivariate analysis Natural levee Niccolite Muscovite Reserves (natural reserves) Nickel Muscovite schist Natural resources Lateritic nickel Museology Natural science White nickel Museums Natural selection Nickel antimony Mylonite Natural water drive glance Mylonite gneiss Nautiloidea Nickel bloom Mylonitic textures Navigation Nickel cadmium Mylonitization Satellite navigation batteries Myrmekite Navigation track Nickel converters Myrmekitic texture maps Nickel deposits Geographic names Nebula Lateritic nickel deposits Nannofossils Nebular hypothesis Nickel glance Nannoplankton Neck (volcanic) Nickel isotopes Nansen bottle Volcanic necks Nickel matte Naphthalene Neodymium Nickel minerals Naphthas Neodymium Nickel mines Naphthene base isotopes Nickel ochre crudes Neodymium Nickel ores Naphthenes samarium dating Lateritic nickel ores Naphthenoaromatic Neodymium Nickel oxides hydrocarbons strontium dating Nickel production Nappe Neogene Nickel refining

344 e e KWIC Index e Nickel reserves Non sequence accidents Nickel resources Noncohesive soils Nuclear reactor Nickel smelting Noncoking coal containment Nickel steel Nonconformity Nuclear reactor e Nickel sulphides Nondestructive control Nickeliferous ochre testing Nuclear reactor Nickeline Nonelectrical engineering Nicol prism detonators Nuclear reactor e Crossed nicols Industrial nonmetallics safety El Nino effect Nonproductive Nuclear reactors Niobite holes Nuclear regulation Niobium Nonproductive wells Nuclear research e Niobium isotopes Nonsilicate minerals and test reactors Ammonium nitrate Nordmarkite Nuclear resonance Caliche (nitrate) No rite magnetometers e Nitrate deposits Quartz norite Nuclear wastes Potassium nitrate deposits Normal distribution Nuclear weapons Nitrate minerals Normal faults Nuclear well logging Nitrates Normal gravity Nugget e Nitre Normal logging Isotopic number Nitric acid Normal logs Numeric databases Nitrification Normal projection Numerical data Organic nitriles Normal slip faults Numerical models e Nitrogen Normal stress Nunatak Liquid nitrogen Northern lights Obduction Nitrogen balance Edge notch cards Obituaries Nitrogen Case notes Oblique aerial e compounds Explanatory notes photography Nitrogen cycle Legal case notes Observation wells Nitrogen fixation Nozzel process Observatories Nitrogen inorganic (uranium) Observed gravity e compounds Process heat Obsidian Nitrogen isotopes reactors (nuclear) Occupational Nitrogen oxides Nuclear debate diseases Nitroglycerine Nuclear electric Occupational health e NMR spectroscopy power generation and safety Nobelium Nuclear emulsion Diamond occurrence Nobelium isotopes counters Mineral occurrence Noble gases Nuclear energy Petroleum occurrence e Noble metals Nuclear engineering Petroleum occurrence maps Chert nodule Nuclear explosion Ocean basins Manganese nodules detection Ocean bottom Phosphate nodules Nuclear explosives Ocean bottom e Noise Nuclear fission topography Background noise Nuclear fracturing Ocean crust Cosmic noise Nuclear fuel cycle Ocean currents Rock noise Nuclear fuel Ocean deeps e Seismic noise elements Ocean drilling Noise Nuclear fuels program (electromagnetic) Nuclear fusion Ocean floor Noise control Nuclear geology Ocean floor e Noise elimination Nuclear hazards spreading Signal to noise ratio Nuclear logging Ocean island basalt Noise reduction Nuclear logs Ocean mining Noise suppression Nuclear magnetic Ocean sediments e Nomenclature resonance Ocean surface Stratigraphic nomenclature spectroscopy Ocean tides Structural nomenclature Nuclear magnetism Ocean waves Nomograms logs Oceanic circulation e Nomographs Oceanic crust Nuclear physics Non disclosure Nuclear power Oceanic plateaus agreements Nuclear power Oceanic ridges e Non ferrous metal generation Oceanic trenches industry Nuclear power Oceanic zones Non ferrous metals plants Oceanographic Non marine Nuclear proliferation charts e environment Nuclear radiation Oceanographic Non metalliferous Nuclear radiation surveys deposits spectroscopy Oceanography Non metalliferous Nuclear reactions Geological oceanography e minerals Nuclear reactor Oceans e 345 e GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus

Nickel ochre Offshore resources Oil slick dispersion Nickeliferous ochre Offshore structures Oil slicks Tungstic ochre Offshore surveys Oil spillage Ochres OIB Oil storage Odometers Oil Oil waste Odour control Bunker oil Oil water contact Odours Crude oil Oil water interface Zone of aeration Fuel oil Oil water ratio Depth of burial Gas saturated oil Oil well cements Zone of cementation High sulphur oil Oil well drives Heat of combustion lubricating oil Oil wells Heat of crystallization Shale oil Oil window Order of crystallization Waste oil Heavy oils Water of crystallization Oil analysis Residual oils Environment of deposition Oil appraisal wells Vegetable oils Cone of depression Oil base muds Waxy oils Modulus of elasticity Synthetic oil base muds Oklo phenomenon Cycle of erosion Shale oil chemistry Oleanane Code of ethics Oil consumption Oligocene Apparent movement of faults Gas oil contact Oligoclase Coefficient of friction Oil cut muds Oligoclase basalt History of geology Oil emulsion muds Olistolith Origin of life Oil exploration Olistostrome Strength of materials Oil field fluids Olivine Application of mathematics Oil fields Olivine analcitite Plaster of paris Giant oil fields Olivine basalt Balance of payments Oil filters Alkali olivine basalt Code of practice Oil gas ratio Olivine gabbro Heat of reaction Oil industry Olivine nephelinite Index of refraction Gas oil interface Olivine rock Angle of repose Oil liquid ratio Return on investment Factor of safety Coal oil mixtures Oncolite Zone of saturation Oil pipelines On lap Axis of symmetry Oil pollution Coastal onlap State of the art Oil pools Marine onlap Age of the earth Oil prices Onshore mineral Origin of the earth Shale oil processing resources Rotation of the earth Crude oil production Onshore petroleum Precession of the equinoxes Oil production resources Origin of the moon methods Onshore resources Law of the sea Oil production tests Onstream analysis Age of the universe Gas oil ratio Ontogeny Origin of the universe Reservoir gas oU ratio Onychophora International map of the world Oil recovery Onyx Balance of trade Crude oil recovery Ooid Coefficient of variation Primary oil recovery Oolite Coefficient of viscosity Secondary oil recovery Oolitic limestone Zone of weathering Shale oil recovery Oolitic texture Mudding off Waste oil recycling Calcareous ooze Marine offlap Oil refining Foraminiferal ooze Offroad vehicles Oil reserve Sea ooze Amplitude versus offset estimation Oozes Offset wells Oil reserves Opal Offshore anchors Gross oil reserves Black opal Offshore completion Recoverable oil reserves Common opal Offshore drilling Oil reservoirs Jasper opal Offshore mineral Oil resources Precious opal legislation Oil sands Opal mining Offshore mineral Oil search Opalised wood resources Oil seeds Opaque minerals Offshore mining Oil seepages Open cast mining Offshore operations Oil shale Open cut mining Offshore petroleum Oil shale deposits Open hole Offshore petroleum Oil shale Open hole legislation exploration completion Offshore petroleum Oil shale Open pit mining resources geochemistry Open stope mining Offshore pipelines Oil shale petrology Openhearth Offshore production Oil shale processing fum aces Offshore production Oil shale recovery Openhearth methods Oil shows process

~~346 KWIC Index~~

Acid openhearth process Ore petrology Organization charts Basic openhearth process Ore pretreatment Organization theory Operating costs Ore reserve Organizations Offshore operations estimation Core orientation Overseas operations Ore reserves Magnetic core orientation Plant operations Indicated ore reserves Preferred orientation Small scale operations Inferred ore reserves Orientation surveys Workover operations Measured ore reserves Oriented core Operations analysis Possible ore reserves Oriented core barrel Operations reports Probable ore reserves Origin of life Operations Proved ore reserves Origin of the earth research Ore sampling Origin of the moon Ophicalcite Ore shoots Origin of the Ophiolites Ore sorters universe Equal opportunity Ore sorting Ornamental stone Optic angle Ore textures Orogen Optical axis Ore transportation Orogenesis Optical emission Orebodies Orogenic belt spectrometry Blind orebodies Orogenic cycle Optical emission Ores Orogenic phase spectroscopy Aluminium ores Orogeny Optical equipment Carbonaceous ores Hercynian orogeny Optical fibres Complex ores Orpiment Optical glass Copper ores Orthite Optical measuring Fine grained ores Ortho amphibolite instruments Gold ores Orthoclase Optical microscopes High grade ores Orthoclase diorite Optical microscopy Iron ores Orthoclase gabbro Optical mineralogy Lateritic gold ores Orthoclase porphyry Optical properties Lateritic nickel ores Orthoconglomerate Optical pyrometer Lead ores Orthogeosyncline Optical sorting Low grade ores Orthophoto maps Optical Manganese ores Orthopyroxene spectrometers Nickel ores Orthoquartzite Optical square Oxidized ores Orthorhombic Fibre optics Pisolitic ores system Optimization Precious metal ores Oscillating Pareto optimization Refractory ores conveyors Option pricing Refractory gold ores Oscillation ripple Methyl orange Sedimentary ores marks Earth orbit Silver ores Osmiridium First order levelling Sulfide ores Osmiridium Order of Sulphide ores isotopes crystallization Tin ores Osmium Ordovician Uranium ores Rhenium osmium dating Bessemer ore Zinc ores Osmium isotopes Bog iron ore Organic acids Osmosis Dilution (ore) Organic analysis Reverse osmosis Float ore Total organic carbon Osmotic pressure Grade control (ore) Organic chemistry Osteichthyes Inferred ore Organic coatings Ostracoda Possible ore Organic compounds Farm out Ore beneficiation Organic cooled Fly in fly out Ore concentration reactors Pinchout Ore controls Organic diagenesis Outburst prevention Ore deposits Organic Coal outbursts Magmatic ore deposits geochemistry Rock outbursts Ore depth Organic material Outcrop estimation Organic matter Leached outcrop Ore dressing Organic moderated Outcrop maps Ore fluids reactors Outliers Ore forming fluids Organic nitriles Outwash plains Ore genesis Organic petrology Ovens Ore grade Organic sediments Coke ovens Ore grade contour Organic soils Overburden maps Organic solvents Overconsolidation Ore grading Organic wastes Overcoring Ore microscopy Organic weathering Overpressured Ore mineralogy Indicator organisms formations Ore minerals Organization Overprinted age Ore mobilization analysis Magnetic overprinting

~~347 e~~

~~GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus e~~

Overseas Palaeogene Worker participation e operations Palaeogeographic Particle counters Overthrust maps Alpha particle detectors Overthrust fault Palaeogeography Particle size Overthrust nappe Palaeogeomorpholo distribution e Overtime gy Particle size Overturned folds Palaeogeophysics reduction Oxalates Palaeolatitude (crushing) Oxbow lake Palaeomagnetic Dust particles e OXCO process dating Particulate matter Oxidation Palaeomagnetism Bedding plane parting Bacterial oxidation Palaeontologists Spheroidal parting Biological oxidation Palaeontology Partnerships Oxidation reduction Invertebrate palaeontology Passage bed reactions Systematic palaeontology Passive margin - Oxidation tests Vertebrate palaeontology Paste filling Deuterium oxide Palaeopedology Pastoralism Uranium oxide Palaeophytology Patents Oxide minerals Palaeosols Critical path method - Aluminium oxides Palaeosurface Critical path scheduling Copper oxides Palaeotectonic Pathfinder elements e Iron oxides maps Dendritic drainage pattern Lead oxides Palaeotemperature X ray diffraction pattern Magnesium oxides Palaeozoic X ray powder pattern Manganese oxides Palaeozoology Injection patterns e Nickel oxides Palagonite Pavement (glacial) Nitrogen oxides Paleocene Base courses and pavements Titanium oxides Paleogene Glacial pavements e Oxidized ores Palladium Paving stone Oxidized zone Palladium isotopes Balance of payments Oxi

Peneplanation Petrochemistry Petroleum products Ground penetrating radar Petrofabric analysis Petroleum Penetration Petrofabric diagram prospects resistance Petrofabrics Petroleum recovery Penetration tests Petrogenesis Petroleum refining Penetrometer Petrographic Petroleum research Penstocks microscope Petroleum reserve Pentanes Petrographic estimation Pentlandite province Petroleum reserves Indigenous people Petrography Petroleum Perched aquifer Sedimentary petrography reservoirs Perched block Petroleum Petroleum resource Perched ground Crude petroleum maps water Offshore petroleum Petroleum Perched water Production control (petroleum) resources Percolation (ground Production rate (petroleum) Offshore petroleum water) Reservoirs (petroleum) resources Percolation Traps (petroleum) Onshore petroleum (hydrometallurgy) Petroleum act resources Percussion drill bits Petroleum Petroleum statistics Percussion drilling agreements Petroleum systems Rotary percussion drilling Petroleum Petroleum Percussion drilling chemistry tenements rigs Petroleum Petroleum Percussion drills consumption transportation Percussion tool bits Petroleum Petroleum well Perforating development drives Reservoir performance Petroleum Petrological Well performance discovery microscope Performance Petroleum Petrology guarantee engineering Coal petrology Performance Petroleum Experimental petrology indicators engineering Igneous petrology Performance training Matrix (petrology) measures Petroleum Metamorphic petrology Periclase exploration Oil shale petrology Peridot Marine petroleum Ore petrology Peridotite exploration Organic petrology Period Petroleum Sedimentary petrology Glacial period exploration Structural petrology Periodicals licences Petrophysics Periscopes Liquefied petroleum gas PGE Borehole periscopes Petroleum genesis pH control Peristerite Petroleum pH meters Perlite geochemistry pH value Permafrost Petroleum geology Phanerozoic Permanent Petroleum imports Orogenic phase hardness Petroleum industry Vapour phase Permeability Petroleum leases Phase diagrams EffeCtive permeability Petroleum Phase equilibria Permeability legislation Phase rule coefficient Offshore petroleum Phase Low permeability legislation transformations reservoirs Petroleum migration Gaseous phases Permeability trap Petroleum Liquid phases Permeable occurrence Solid phases reservoirs Petroleum Phenanthrenes Permian occurrence maps Phengite Perovskite Petroleum pipelines Phenocryst Hydrogen peroxide Petroleum plays Phenolphthalein Personnel Petroleum policy Oklo phenomenon Personnel Petroleum pollution Phenoxyacetic acid management Petroleum potential Phillipsite Perthite Petroleum prices Philosophical Pesticides Petroleum models Petalite production Exploration philosophy Petrochemical Petroleum Management philosophy engineering production Phlogopite Petrochemical methods Phonolite industry Petroleum Leucite phonolite Petrochemicals production rate Phonolite porphyry

~~349 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Pebble phosphate Phyllite Pipe clay Rock phosphate Phyllonite Pipe jacking Phosphate deposits Phylogeny Pipe sticking Phosphate minerals Phylum Pipeline construction Phosphate nodules Plant (physical) Pipeline pig Phosphate rock Physical chemistry Pipeline terminals Phosphates Physical features Pipeline Calcium phosphates Physical geography transportation Marine phosphates Physical geology Pipelines Phosphatic Physical metallurgy Gas pipelines sediments Physical models Multiphase pipelines Phosphorescence Physical processes Natural gas pipelines Phosphorite Physical properties Offshore pipelines Phosphorus Physical science Oil pipelines Phosphorus cycle Physical tests Petroleum pipelines Photomaps Physics Slurry pipelines Photochemical Health physics Underwater pipelines reactions Mineral physics Water pipelines Photocopying Nuclear physics Pipes Photoelectric cells Soil physics Breccia pipes X ray photoelectron Physiographic Ceramic pipes spectroscopy province Kimberlite pipes Photoemissive cells Physiography Piping (erosion) Photogeological Phytane Piping systems interpretation Phytology Pisces Photogeological Phytoplankton Pisolite sampling maps Phytoremediation Pisolith Photogeology Cherry pickers Pisolitic ores Photogrammetric Picrite Pit haulage surveys Picrite basalt Open pit mining Photogrammetry Picroilmenite Pit transportation Aerial photogrammetry Piedmont Pitch Airborne photograph Piedmont glacier Pitch (materials) Photographic driers Piedmont gravel Pitchblende Photographic Pier Pitching fold equipment Piercement dome Pitchstone Photographic Piercement fold Pits materials Piezoelectric crystals Borrow pits Photographic Piezoelectric effect Clay pits reconnaissance Piezoelectric Coal pits Aerial photographs materials Gravel pits Composite photographs Piezometer Sand pits Core photographs Pig Sludge pits Photography Pipeline pig Pitting tests Aerial photography Pig iron Magnetic pixel maps Aerial colour photography Pigeonite In place leaching Black and white Pigment minerals Pneumatic placement aerial photography Pigments Buried placer Colour photography Muck pile Placer deposits Colour aerial photography Piles Diamond placer deposits Core photography Bearing piles Gem placer deposits Infrared photography Concrete piles Gold placer deposits Infrared aerial photography Prestressed Marine placer deposits Lunar photography concrete piles Tin placer deposits Multiband aerial photography Sheet piles Placer mining Oblique aerial photography Steel piles Placodermi Trimetrogon aerial photography Wooden piles Plagioclase Underwater photography Pillar mining Flood plain sediments Vertical aerial photography Bord and pillar mining Alluvial plains Photointerpretation Room and pillar mining Coastal plains Photoluminescence Pillar recovery Flood plains Photometric sorting Pillars Fluvial plains Flame photometry Mine pillars Outwash plains Photomicrograph Pillow lavas Riverine plains Photomicrography Pillow structure Submarine plains Photomosaics Pilot plants Axial plane Photosphere Pinacoid Cleavage plane Photosynthesis Pinch out Fault plane Photovoltaic cells Pingos Joint plane Phreatic water Pinite Thrust plane Miners phthisis Drill pipe Axial plane cleavage

~~350 KWIC Index~~

Bedding plane cleavage Dissected plateaus Poikilitic texture Bedding plane fault Marginal plateaus Boiling point Bedding plane parting Oceanic plateaus Yield point Bedding plane slip Continental platform Point data Plane table mapping Marine cut platform Well point drainage Plane tables Drilling platforms Shot point maps Bedding planes Marine drilling platforms Melting point Shear planes Production platforms Lead poisoning Earth (planet) Semisubmersible platforms Polar migration Mercury (planet) Wave cut platforms Polar projection Planetary Drilling platforms (mining) Polar regions atmospheres Platinum Polar wandering Planetary Native platinum Polariscope environments Platinum deposits Reversed polarity Planetary geology Platinum group Geomagnetic polarity reversal Planetary radiation elements Geomagnetic polarity time scale Planetary satellites Platinum isotopes Induced polarization survey Planetary structure Platinum metals equipment Planetesimal Platinum minerals Induced polarization surveys hypothesis Playa lakes Polarized light Planets Playas Polarizing Planimeters Plays microscopes Plankton Petroleum plays Polarography Planktonic Pleistocene Pole pole array foraminifera Pleochroic halo Pole dipole array Planning Pleochroic halo dating Pole pole array Land use planning Pleochroism Geomagnetic poles Management planning Pliocene Magnetic poles Manpower planning Horner plots Policy Mine planning Stereoscopic map plotters Coal policy Production planning Plug (volcanic) Energy policy Project planning Plugging Government policy Rural planning Plugging back Mineral policy Strategic planning Salt plugs Mining policy Town planning Volcanic plugs Petroleum policy Urban planning Plumbism Science policy Mobile plant Plumbogummite Uranium policy Water treatment plant Plumbojarosite Desert polish Plant (physical) Hydrothermal plumes Glacial polish Plant construction Mantle plumes Rock polish Plant design Plumes (air pollution) Polished section Plant indicator Plunge Pollen Plant layout Plunging folds Pollen analysis Plant maintenance Pluto Pollen diagram Plant operations Plutonic Pollutants Plants metamorphism Chemical pollutants Electrical power plants Plutonic rocks Vehicle generated pollutants Hydroelectric plants Plutonium Pollution Indicator plants Plutonium isotopes Air pollution Nuclear power plants Plutons Atmospheric pollution Pilot plants Pneumatic control Ground water pollution Thermal power plants Pneumatic conveyors Marine pollution Tidal power plants Pneumatic drilling Oil pollution Inductively coupled plasma spectra Pneumatic drills Petroleum pollution Plasmas (physics) Pneumatic filling River pollution Plaster Pneumatic hoisting Stream pollution Plaster of paris Pneumatic methods Water pollution Plastic clay Pneumatic placement Pollution control Plastic deformation Pneumatic props Air pollution control Plastic limit Pneumatic stowing Plumes (air pollution) Plastic properties Pneumatolysis Polonium Plastic strain Pneumatolytic Polonium isotopes Plasticity index deposits Polychlorinated Plastics Pneumatolytic biophenyls Crustal plate differentiation Polyconic projection Accreting plate boundary Pneumatolytic Polydymite Convergent plate boundary metamorphism Polymerization Divergent plate boundary Pneumoconiosis Polymers Plate movement rate Loading pockets Polymetallic deposits Plate tectonics Podzol Polymetamorphism Plateaus Podzolization

~~351 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Polyphase Potash Nuclear electric power generation defonnation Potash deposits Solar power generation Polyphase folds Potash feldspar Steam electric power generation Polyplacophora Potash mica Thermoelectric power generation Polyzoa Potash mines Thermonuclear power generation Sedimentation ponds Potassic igneous Tidal power generation Solar ponds rocks Wind power generation Spray ponds Potassic rocks Electrical power plants Tailings ponds Potassium Nuclear power plants Gas pools Potassium argon Thermal power plants Oil pools dating Tidal power plants Popping Potassium calcium Electric power production Popular presentation dating Power shovels Population Potassium carbonates Electric power stations Population (statistical) Potassium chloride Electrical power transmission Porcelain Potassium cyanide Diesel powered equipment Porcelainite Potassium feldspar Pozzolan Porcellanite Potassium hydroxides Code of practice Pore fluid pressure Potassium iodide Foundry practice Pore pressure Potassium isotopes Mining practice Pore space Potassium minerals Trade practices Pore volume Potassium nitrate Well completion practices Pore water deposits Praseodymium Pore water pressure Potassium syenite Praseodymium Porifera porphyry isotopes Porosity Potch Pre stack depth Apparent porosity Exploration potential migration Porosity curve Hydrocabon potential Precambrian Porosity trap Petroleum potential Precast concrete Porpezite Redox potential Precautionary Porphyries Self potential curve principle Porphyrite Spontaneous potential curve Proton precession Gabbro porphyrite Potential energy magnetometers Porphyritic Self potential exploration Precession of the microgranite Self potential logging equinoxes Porphyritictexures Self potential logs Precious metal Porphyroblast Spontaneous potential logs coatings Porphyroid Self potential methods Precious metal Adamellite porphyry Spontaneous potential methods deposits Albite porphyry Self potential survey Precious metal ores Diorite porphyry equipment Precious metals Gabbro porphyry Applied potential surveys Precious opal Granite porphyry Self potential surveys Precious stones Latite porphyry Spontaneous potential surveys Semi precious stones Monzonite porphyry Potentiometric Precipitate flotation Nepheline syenite porphyry surface Chemical precipitation Orthoclase porphyry Potholes Electrostatic precipitation Phonolite porphyry Pottery Precipitation Potassium syenite porphyry Pottery clay (chemistry) Quartz porphyry Iron powder Precipitation Rhomb porphyry Powder diffraction (meteorology) Rhyolite porphyry X ray powder diffraction Cottrell precipitators Syenite porphyry Powder metallurgy Electric precipitators Trachyte porphyry X ray powder pattern Electrostatic precipitators Porphyry copper Electrical power Preconsolidation deposits Nuclear power pressure Porphyry mineral Solar power Prediction deposits Tidal power Earthquake prediction Portland cements Wave power Volcanic prediction White portland cements Wind power Preferred orientation Portland slag cements Electrical power distribution Prehnite Ports Combined cycle power generation Coal preparation Global positioning system Combined heat and power generation Sample preparation Effective pososity Diesel electric power generation Face preparation (mining) Possible ore Electrical power generation Net present value Possible ore reserves Electrochemical power generation Graphic presentation Post stack Gas turbine power generation Popular presentation reprocessing Hydroelectric power generation Stone preservation Post tensioned MHO electrical power generation Presintering concrete Mobile power generation Presplitting Potable water Nuclear power generation Filter presses

~~352 KWIC Index~~

Pressure Option pricing Geological processes Absolute pressure Primary crushers Microbiological processes Artesian pressure Primary crushing Physical processes Atmospheric pressure Primary geosyncline Sedimentary processes Back pressure Primary gneiss Statistical processes Barometric pressure Primary industry Structural processes (geology) Bottom hole pressure Primary metallurgy Analogue processing Capillary pressure Primary minerals Automatic processing Casinghead pressure Primary oil recovery Automatic data processing Confining pressure Primary recovery Computer processing Critical pressure Primary rocks Data processing Earth pressure Primary sedimentary Digital processing Formation pressure structure Electronic data processing Hydrostatic pressure Primary waves Fluidized bed processing Initial reservoir pressure Primates Gas processing Lithostatic pressure Primers Hydrocarbon processing Osmotic pressure Precautionary principle Image processing Pore pressure Principles Integrated data processing Pore fluid pressure Printing Mineral processing Pore water pressure Foot prints Oil shale processing Preconsolidation pressure Rain prints Radioactive waste processing Reservoir pressure Nicol prism Seismic processing Rock pressure Prismatic compass Shale oil processing Shut in pressure Prismatic jointing Signal processing Soil pressure Pristane Waste processing Solar radiation pressure Privatization Data processing equipment Static reservoir pressure Probability Mineral processing equipment Tubing head pressure Probability theory Mineral processing research Uplift pressure Probable ore reserves Producing horizons Water pressure Down hole probe Producing wells Well pressure Electron probe Producing zone Well head pressure Oxygen probe Production Wind pressure Probes Aluminium production Pressure analysis Problematica Coal production Reservoir pressure buildup Drilling problems Copper production Pressure buildup Drug problems Crude oil production analysis Acid openhearth process Deep water production Pressure Basic openhearth process Diamond production characteristics Basic oxygen process Electric power production High pressure comminution Bayer process Gold production Pressure filters Carbon in leach process Iron production Pressure gauges Carbon in pulp process Lead production Pressure gradient Cementation process Mine production lnline pressure jig Chloride process Natural gas production Pressure leaching Cracking process Nickel production High pressure leaching Imperial smelting process Offshore production Pressure Jarosite process Petroleum production measurement Lime soda ash process Salt production Pressure reduction Openhearth process Silver production Pressure ridge OXCO process Subsea production Glacial pressure ridges Redox process Tin production Water pressure test Resin in pulp process Uranium production Prestressed concrete Sasol process Water well tests (production) Prestressed concrete Segregation process Well tests (production) piles Sherritt process Zinc production Prestressing Zeolite process Production control Ore pretreatment Centrifugal process (uranium) Production control Blowout preventers Diffusion process (uranium) (petroleum) Accident prevention Nozzel process (uranium) Production decline Blowout prevention Process control curve Corrosion prevention Process heat reactors Production Fire prevention (nuclear) engineering Outburst prevention Process mineralogy Production Prices Process variables management Coal prices Process water Production methods Gold prices Aerobic processes Gas production methods Metal prices Anaerobic processes Offshore production methods Mineral prices Biological processes Oil production methods Natural gas prices Chemical processes Petroleum production methods Oil prices Continuous processes Production planning Petroleum prices Geochemical processes Production platforms

~~353 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Petroleum production rate Aquifer properties Prototheria Production rate Carving properties Proved ore reserves (petroleum) Chemical properties Provenance Production tests Coal properties Geological province Gas production tests Compressive properties Ground water province Oil production tests Electrical properties Metallogenic province Productivity Flow properties Metallographic province Combustion products Fracture properties Petrographic province Concrete products Hydraulic properties Physiographic province Petroleum products Hydrophilic properties Proximate analysis Professional ethics Hydrophobic properties Proximity logs Professional papers Magnetic properties Psammite Professional societies Mechanical properties Psephite Density profile Mud properties Pseudochlorite Flow profile Optical properties Pseudofossils Reflection profile Physical properties Pseudogalena Refraction profile Plastic properties Pseudomorphism Stacked profile Radioactive properties Pseudorutile Weathering profile Reservoir properties Psilomelane EM profiles Rheological properties Pteridophyta Geophysical profiles Rock properties Ptygmatic folds Gravity profiles ' Shear properties Pubic awamess IP profiles Soil properties Public health Magnetic profiles Sonic properties Public participation Radiometric profiles Tensile properties Public relations Resistivity profiles Thermochemical properties Public reserve Seismic profiles Thermodynamic properties Public risk Soil profiles Intellectual property Publishing Velocity profiles Property damage Pulaskite Vertical seismic profiles Proppants Pulmonary fibrosis Profiling Hydraulic props Pulp additives Continuous profiling - Pneumatic props Carbon in pulp process Resistivity profiling Propylitization Resin in pulp process Velocity profiling Proration Pulps Radon progeny Prosopon Pulsars Ocean drilling program Prospect Pulse EM methods Programmes Authority to prospect Pulse EM surveys Well programmes Mineral prospect Pulverized coal Work programmes Prospect evaluation Pulverizing Linear programming Prospect valuation Pumice Mathematical programming Prospecting Pump drainage Programming Biogeochemical prospecting Pump tests (computers) Electrical prospecting Pumped storage Programming Geobotanical prospecting Pumping languages Geochemical prospecting Slurry pumping Computer programs Geophysical prospecting Pumping stations Programs Gravimetric prospecting Pumps (computers) Radioactivity prospecting Beam pumps Progress reports Seismic prospecting Centrifugal pumps Project control Thermal prospecting Diaphragm pumps Project development Water prospecting Sand pumps Project management Prospector Slurry pumps Project planning Petroleum prospects Submersible pumps Project valuation Prospects and leads Sucker rod pumps Conic projection Prospectuses Turbine pumps Equatorial p~ection Protactinium Vacuum pumps Gauss projection Anodic protection Well pumps Globular projection Beach protection Punch core barrel Gnomonic projection Cathodic protection Punched cards Isometric projection Coast protection Punched tapes Map projection Environmental protection Pure geophysics Mercator projection Fire protection Pure shear Normal projection Radiation protection Purification Polar projection Radon protection Gas purification Polyconic projection Shore protection Water purification Stereographic projection Protective coatings Purity Stereoscopic projection Protective tariffs Pycnometers Nuclear proliferation Proterozoic Diamond pyramid hardness Promethium Protista tests Propane Proton precession Pyrargyrite Acoustic properties magnetometers Pyrite

~~354 KWIC Index~~

Pyrite framboid Feldspathic quartzite Radioactive Copper pyrites Micaceous quartzite decontamination Pyroclastic rocks Quartzolite Radioactive Pyroclastics Quaternary disintegration Pyrogenesis Queueing theory Radioactive half life Pyrolusite Quicksilver Radioactive isotope Pyrolysis Energy quota dating Flash pyrolysis RAB drilling Radioactive isotopes Rock eval pyrolysis Racemization dating Radioactive materials Pyrometallurgical Raceway Radioactive minerals equipment Radar Radioactive Pyrometallurgy Ground penetrating radar properties Pyrometamorphism Side looking radar Radioactive tracers Pyrometasomatism Stereo radar Radioactive waste Optical pyrometer Synthetic aperture radar processing Pyrometric cone Radar imagery Radioactive wastes equivalent Radar mapping Radioactive well Pyrometry Ground radar surveys logging Pyromorphite Radial drainage Radioactivity Pyrope Radiant heat Induced radioactivity Pyrophyllite Radiant heating Radioactivity anomaly Pyroxene Radiation Radioactivity Pyroxene alkali Alpha radiation exploration syenite Atmospheric radiation RSdioactivity logging Pyroxene diorite Background radiation Radioactivity .logs Pyroxene hornfels Beta radiation Radioactivity facies Earth radiation prospecting Pyroxene monzonite Electromagnetic radiation Radioactivity survey Pyroxene syenite Extraterrestrial radiation equipment Pyroxenite Gamma radiation Radioactivity survey Hornblende pyroxenite Infrared radiation methods Pyrrhotite Ionizing radiation Radioactivity surveys Qualitative analysis Nuclear radiation Aerial radioactivity surveys Air quality Planetary radiation Ground radioactivity surveys Coal quality Solar radiation Radiobiology Ground water quality Terrestrial radiation Radiocarbon Reservoir quality Ultraviolet radiation Radiocarbon dating Source rock quality Radiation belts Radiochemistry Water quality Radiation counters Radiogenic dating Quality assurance Radiation damage Radiogenic heat Quality control Radiation detectors Radiogenic isotopes Total quality management Radiation effects Radiogenic lead Quantitative analysis Radiation exposure Radiography Quantitative log Radiation hazards Radioisotopes analysis Radiation logging Radiolaria Quantum chemistry Radiation logs Radiology Quantum mechanics Radiation measuring Radiolysis Quantum theory instruments Radiometers Quarries Solar radiation pressure Radiometric age Quarry rehabilitation Radiation protection determination Quarrying Radiation shielding Radiometric Quarrying equipment Nuclear radiation anomalies Quartz spectroscopy Radiometric assaying Smoky quartz Radiation surveys Radiometric dating Quartz basalt Radiation well logging Radiometric Quartz crystal Radiation well logs exploration Quartz diorite Radio astronomy Radiometric Quartz dolerite Radio communication interpretation Quartz dust Solar radio emission Radiometric maps Quartz gabbro Radio imaging Radiometric profiles Quartz graywacke Radio telescope Radiometric sorting Quartz latite Extraterrestrial radio waves Radiometric surveys Quartz mica diorite Radioactivation Aerial radiometric surveys Quartz monzonite analysis Radiometry Quartz norite Radioactive age Radionuclides Quartz porphyry determination Radioprotective Quartz reefs Radioactive agents Quartz schist contamination Radium Quartz syenite Radioactive dating Radium isotopes Quartz veins Radioactive decay Radon Quartzite Radon anomalies

~~355 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Radon compounds Signal to noise ratio Modifying reagents Radon daughters Solid to liquid ratio Reducing reagents Radon detection Stripping ratio Realgar Radon gas Void ratio Reamers Radon isotopes Benefit cost ratios Reaming Radon progeny Raw materials Recent Radon protection Rayleigh waves Artificial recharge Radon soil surveys Cosmic rays Artificial ground recharge Rafting Gamma rays water Ice rafting Solar cosmic rays Ground water recharge Rail ballast RCdrilling Recharge (ground Rail transportation Heat of reaction water) Railroad tunnels Hydration reaction Recharge area Railway engineering Reaction border Recharge basins Railway tunnels Reaction rim Ground water recharge basins Acid rain Reaction series Recharge wells Rain erosion Bowen reaction series Reciprocating Rain gauges Cement aggregate reactions compressors Rain prints Chemical reactions Water reclaimation Rain shadow Displacement reactions Reclaiming Raindrop impressions Endothermic reactions Reclamation Rainfall Exchange reactions Land reclamation Raise boring Exothermic reactions Reclined folds Raised beaches Nuclear reactions Recommissioning Raising Oxidation reduction reactions Well recompletion Raising (mining) Photochemical reactions Well reconditioning Rake classifiers Substitution reactions Reconditioning (wells) Raman effect Reactivity Reconnaissance Raman scattering Sequencing batch reactor Photographic reconnaissance Raman spectroscopy Nuclear reactor accidents Seismic record Rammers Nuclear reactor containment Earthquake recorders Ramp Nuclear reactor control Earthquake records Random sampling Reactor cores Records management Stratigraphic range Nuclear reactor engineering Recoverable gas Range finders Reactor hazards reserves Basin range structure Nuclear reactor safety Recoverable oil Rangelands Atomic reactors reserves Coal rank Beryllium reactors Recoverable reserves Metamorphic rank moderated Recovery Low rank coal Boiling water reactors Coal recovery High rank metamorphism Breeder reactors Core recovery Low rank metamorphism Ceramic fuel reactors Crude oil recovery Rankine cycle Chemical reactors Enhanced recovery Rapakivi texture Converter reactors Gas recovery Rare earth elements Enriched fuel reactors Gold recovery Rare earth magnets Fast breeder reactors Heat recovery Rare earth metals Fission reactors In situ recovery Rare earth minerals Gas cooled reactors Natural gas liquid recovery Rare earths Graphite moderated reactors Oil recovery Rare gases Heavy water reactors Oil shale recovery Raster data Uquid metal cooled reactors Petroleum recovery Drilling rate Molten salt reactors Pillar recovery Petroleum rate Natural fuel reactors Primary recovery production Nuclear reactors Primary oil recovery Plate movement rate Nuclear research reactors Secondary recovery Production rate (petroleum) and test Secondary oil recovery Carbon ratio Organic cooled reactors Shale oil recovery Clastic ratio Organic moderated reactors Silver recovery Fixed carbon ratio Sodium graphite reactors Sulfur recovery Fuel ratio Thermal reactors Sulphur recovery Gas liquid ratio Water cooled reactors Tertiary recovery Gas oil ratio Water moderated reactors Thermal recovery methods Gas water ratio Process heat reactors (nuclear) Recrystallization Isotope ratio Ready mixed (metals) Lead ratio concrete Recrystallization Metal ratio Reagents (mineralogy) Oil gas ratio Activating reagents Recrystallization Oil liquid ratio Collecting reagents (separation) Oil water ratio Depressing reagents Recumbent folds Reservoir gas oil ratio Flotation reagents Recycling Sand shale ratio Frothing reagents Waste oil recycling

~~356 KWIC Index~~

Water recycling Reflection shooting Regressive sediments Red algae Seismic reflection surveys Nuclear regulation Red bed copper Multiple reflections Voltage regulation deposits Reflectivity Regulators Red bed facies Reflectors Rehabilitation Red beds Solar reflectors Mine rehabilitation Red brown earth Reforestation Quarry rehabilitation Red lead Atmospheric refraction Rehandling Red mud Index of refraction Reinforced concrete Redox potential Refraction (seismic) Reinforced earth Redox process Seismic refraction exploration Reinforcement Reducing agents Seismic refraction methods methods Reducing Refraction profile Reinterpretation environment Refraction shooting Industrial relations Reducing reagents Seismic refraction surveys Labour relations Bacterial reduction Refractive index Public relations Biological reduction Refractive index liquid Relative age Direct reduction Refractivity Relative density Gravity reduction Refractometers Relative molecular Noise reduction Refractories mass Pressure reduction Acid refractories Reliability Sulfate reduction Basic refractories Aboriginal relics Sulphate reduction Bituminous bonded refractories Mine relics Reduction (chemistry) Carbon refractories Relict texture Size reduction Ceramic refractories Disaster relief (comminution) Fireclay refractories Relief maps Particle size reduction (crushing) Magnesite refractories Relief models Oxidation reduction reactions Neutral refractories Relief wells Reef breccia Silicate refractories Remagnetization Reef complexes Refractory clays Remanent magnetism Reef limestone Refractory coatings Remanent Reef sediments Refractory concretes magnetization Reef talus Refractory gold ores Remediation Reefs Refractory materials Remote areas Algal reefs Refractory mortars Remote control Artificial reefs Refractory ores Remote sensing Back reefs Refrigerating Reflectance (remore sensing) Barrier reefs machinery Carbon dioxide removal Coral reefs Refrigeration Grit removal Fore reefs Refuge chambers Water removal Fossil reefs Refuse Chemical removal (water Fringing reefs Refuse disposal treatment) Quartz reefs Regenerative fuel Renewable energy Saddle reefs cells Resource rent tax Reference databases Regional dip Repeat formation Refined hydrocarbons Regional geography tests Refineries Regional geology Equipment replacement Refining Regional geophysics Replacement deposits Aluminium refining Regional gravity maps Replacement dyke Copper refining Regional mapping Well completion report Electrolytic refining Regional maps Report writing Gold refining Regional Reports Lead refining metamorphism Annual reports Nickel refining Regional Drillers reports Oil refining metasomatism Expert reports Petroleum refining Regional reserves Operations reports Silver refining Regional reviews Progress reports Tin refining Regional surveys Technical reports Zinc refining Regional Tour reports Multiple reflectance unconformity Angle of repose Terrain reflectance Antarctic regions Reprocessing Vitrinite reflectance Arctic regions Data reprocessing Reflectance (remore Polar regions Post stack reprocessing sensing) Temperate regions Seismic reprocessing Reflectance tests Tropical regions Reptilia Seismic reflection Regolith Energy requirements Reflection (seismic) Regolith mapping Mine rescue Seismic reflection exploration Regolith maps Market research Reflection goniometer Linear regression Mineral research Seismic reflection methods Marine regression Mineral processing research Reflection profile Regression analysis Mining research

~~357 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Operations research Static reservoir pressure Electro spin resonance Petroleum research Reservoir pressure spectroscope Space research buildup Nuclear magnetic resonance Research and Reservoir properties spectroscopy development Reservoir quality Resource assessment Nuclear research and test Reservoir rock Resource reactors Reservoir simulation development Research laboratories Reservoir stimulation Resource economics Research Carbonate reservoirs Resource maps management Fractured reservoirs Coal resource maps Historic reserve Gas reservoirs Mineral resource maps Public reserve Ground water reservoirs Petroleum resource maps Coal reserve estimation Layered reservoirs Water resource maps Natural gas reserve estimation Low permeability reservoirs Resource rent tax Oil reserve estimation Multilayer reservoirs Resource reserves Ore reserve estimation Natural gas reservoirs Resource sterilization Petroleum reserve estimation Oil reservoirs Resources Reserves Permeable reservoirs Aluminium resources Aluminium reserves Petroleum reservoirs Coal resources Coal reserves Sandstone reservoirs Copper resources Copper reserves Stratified reservoirs Energy resources Diamond reserves Reservoirs Gold resources Gas reserves (petroleum) Ground water resources Gold reserves Reservoirs (water) Indicated mineral resources Gross gas reserves Residential Industrial mineral resources Gross oil reserves subdivisions Inferred mineral resources. Indicated ore reserves Residual anomaly Iron resources Industrial mineral reserves maps Lead resources Inferred ore reserves Residual deposits Measured mineral resources Iron reserves Residual maps Mineral resources Lead reserves Residual oils Natural resources Measured ore reserves Residual sediments Natural gas resources Mineral reserves Residual soils Nickel resources Natural gas reserves Residues Offshore resources Natural gas liquid reserves Fossil resin Offshore mineral resources Nickel reserves Resin cements Offshore petroleum resources Oil reserves Resin in pulp process Oil resources Ore reserves Resinite Onshore resources Petroleum reserves Resins Onshore mineral resources Possible ore reserves Epoxy resins Onshore petroleum resources Probable ore reserves lon exchange resins Petroleum resources Proved ore reserves Abrasion resistance Silver resources Recoverable reserves Corrosion resistance Tin resources Recoverable gas reserves Fire resistance Uranium resources Recoverable oil reserves Penetration resistance Water resources Regional reserves Wear resistance Zinc resources Resource reserves Heat resistant glass Respirable dust Silver reserves Heat resistant materials Respirators Temporary reserves Sulfate resisting cements Respiratory diseases Tin reserves Sulphate resisting cements Restite Uranium reserves Resistivity Restricted basins Zinc reserves Apparent resistivity Resuing mining Reserves (natural Electrical resistivity Retaining walls reserves) Resistivity curves Retardants Reserves (natural reserves) Resistivity exploration Flame retardants Seals (reservoir) Resistivity logging Retene Tight reservoir Resistivity logs Retirement funds Reservoir boundary Resistivity methods Retort furnaces Reservoir Resistivity profiles Retorting characteristics Resistivity profiling Retreat mining Reservoir data Resistivity sounding Slags retreatment Reservoir engineering Electrical resistivity sounding Tailings retreatment Reservoir fluids Resistivity survey Data retrieval Reservoir gas oil ratio equipment Information storage retrieval Reservoir geometry Resistivity surveys and Reservoir Dispute resolution Retrograde management Electron spin resonance dating diagenesis Reservoir Nuclear resonance Retrograde performance magnetometers metamorphism Reservoir pressure Electron paramag resonance spectro Net smelter return Initial reservoir pressure Electron spin resonance spectra Return on investment

~~358 KWIC Index~~

Waste water reuse Ring dykes Source rock analysis Revegetation Riparian zone Whole rock analysis Revenue Rippability Rock anchors Reverberatory Climbing ripple Fractured rock aquifers furnaces Asymmetric ripple mark Rock bolting Geomagnetic Ripple marks Rock bursts polarity reversal Current ripple marks Rock chemistry Geomagnetic reversals Oscillation ripple marks Rock chip sampling Magnetic reversals Riprap Rock crushers Reverse circulation Continental rise Rock crystal drilling Public risk Rock cutting Reverse drag fold Seismic risk Rock deformation Reverse fault Sole risk Rock drilling Reverse osmosis Sovereign risk Rock drills Reverse slip faults Risk analysis Rock eval pyrolysis Reversed polarity Risk analysis Rock excavation Reviews (hazards) Rock filling Book reviews Risk assessment Rock flour Literature reviews Risk management Rock forming Regional reviews Seismic risk zones minerals World reviews River basins Rock fragmentation Revolving screens River capture Rock geochemistry Rhenium River channels Hard rock geology Rhenium isotopes River currents Soft rock geology Rhenium osmium River engineering Rock geophysics dating River erosion Rock gypsum Rheological River features Rock mechanics properties River flow Rock minerals Rheology River gradient Rock noise Rhodium River load Rock outbursts Rhodium isotopes River pollution Rock phosphate Rhodochrosite River sands Rock polish Rhodonite River system Rock pressure Rhomb porphyry River terraces Rock properties Rhombohedral Riverine plains Source rock quality system Rivers Rock salt Rhyodacite Dead rivers Rock salt deposits Rhyolite Road headers Bed rock sampling Soda rhyolite Road metal Rock sections Rhyolite glass Road safety Rock signatures Rhyolite porphyry Road transportation Rock stratigraphic unit Rhythmites Roads Rock stratigraphic Richter scale Haul roads zone Dune ridge Mine roads Rock structures Pressure ridge Roasters Rock tests Sand ridge Fluidized bed roasters Rock textures Midocean ridge basalt Roasting Igneous rock textures Glacial pressure ridges Robotics Metamorphic rock textures Midocean ridges Roche moutonnee Rock varnish Oceanic ridges Anchors (rock) Rock weathering Riebeckite Beach rock Rockfill dams Riedel shear Bed rock Abyssal rocks Rietveld method Coarse grained rock Acid rocks Rift basins Competent rock Acid igneous rocks Rift faults Country rock Acid volcanic rocks Rift valleys Dolomite (rock) Alkali igneous rocks Rift zone Dune rock Arenaceous rocks Rifts Fractured rock Argillaceous rocks Aboriginal land rights Granitic rock Basic rocks Land rights Host rock Basic igneous rocks Mineral rights Hot dry rock Calc alkaline rocks Water rights Incompetent rock Calc silicate rocks Cable tool rigs Lunar rock Carbonaceous rocks Drilling rigs Olivine rock Carbonate rocks Percussion drilling rigs Phosphate rock Cataclastic rocks Rotary drilling rigs Reservoir rock Clastic rocks Well servicing rigs Source rock Crystalline rocks Workover rigs Wall rock Effusive rocks Reaction rim Waste rock Felsic igneous rocks Tree ring chronology Rock alteration Felsic volcanic rocks Ring complex Wall rock alteration Fragmental rocks

~~359 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Igneous rocks Ruby Molten salt reactors lntennediate rocks Ruby glass Saltwater igneous Rudite Salt water conversion Intrusive rocks Rugose coral Saltwater Mafic rocks Phase rule encroachment Metamorphic rocks Slide rules Salt water front Plutonic rocks Runoff Salt water intrusion Potassic rocks Surface water runoff Saltation Potassic igneous rocks Runoff coefficient Salvage materials Primal}' rocks Rural planning Samarium Pyroclastic rocks Gold rushes Neodymium samarium dating Sedimental}' rocks Rusting Samarium isotopes Silicate rocks Ruthenium Sample location maps Talcose rocks Ruthenium isotopes Sample logs Ultrabasic rocks Rutile Sample preparation Ultrabasic igneous rocks Synthetic rutile Sample splitting Ultramafic rocks Rutile sands Core samples Volcanic rocks S type granite Grab samples Volcanogenic rocks Swave Water samples Dikes (intrusive rocks) Sabkas Sampling Drill rod Sabkhas Air sampling Rod milling Aboriginal sacred sites Auger sampling Rod mills Saddle reefs Barrage sampling Sucker rod pumps Safe handling Bed rock sampling Rodinia Safe yield BLEG sampling Control rods Safety Bottom sampling Roll compacting Factor of safety Bottom hole sampling Roll crushers Fire safety Bulk sampling Roller bits Health and safety Channel sampling Rolling mills Industrial safety Core sampling CD ROM Mine safety Deflation lag sampling Roof bolt Nuclear reactor safety Drainage sampling Roof control Occupational health safety Drill core sampling Roof support and Drill cuttings sampling Roofing slate Road safety Dump sampling Room and pillar Workplace safety Dust sampling mining Safety code Freeze sampling Hoist ropes Safety devices Gas sampling Wire ropes Safety engineering Geochemical sampling Aerial ropeways Safety factor Gossan sampling Rose diagrams Safety lamps Grab sampling Rosiwal analysis Safety training Gravel sampling Rotary airblast drilling Wages and salaries Ground water sampling Rotary compressors Saleeite Heavy mineral sampling Rotal}' core barrel Sales management Lag sampling Rotal}' drill bits Salina Lake sediment sampling Rotal}' drilling Saline fluids Loam sampling Rotal}' drilling rigs Saline interface Mine sampling Rotary drilling tables Saline soils Ore sampling Rotary drills Saline tailings Pan concentrate sampling Rotary filters Saline water Pisolite sampling Rotary kilns Salinity Random sampling Rotary percussion Salinity currents Rock chip sampling drilling Salinity surveys Sea floor sampling Rotary smelting Salinization Sidewall sampling Rotary tables Salt Soil sampling Earth rotation Brine salt Soil air sampling Rotation of the earth Rock salt Soil gas sampling Diagnostic routines Salt anticlines Stream sampling Sorting routines Salt damp Stream sediment sampling Royalties Salt deposits Tailings sampling RRMIP surveys Rock salt deposits Underground sampling Rubber liners Salt diapirs Underwater sampling Rubber sleeve core Salt dome breccia Water sampling barrel Salt domes Air sampling Rubble Salt fields (geochemistry) Fault rubble Salt harvesting Sampling equipment Rubidium Salt lakes Sampling methods Rubidium isotopes Salt pans Sampling theory Rubidium strontium Salt plugs Black sand dating Salt production Coarse sand

~~360 KWIC Index~~

Gas sand Saponite Pelitic schist Shaly sand Sapphire Quartz schist Shell sand Sapphirine Sillimanite schist Sand blasting Saprolite Spotted schist Sand compaction Sapropel Staurolite schist Sand control Sapropelic coal Talc schist Sand dunes SAR Schistosity Sand dykes Sarcoptergii Schlumberger array Sand exclusion Sasol process Schorl Sand filters Satellite altimetry Science Sand mining Satellite Environmental science Beach sand mining communication Forensic science Industrial sand mining Satellite geodesy Natural science Mineral sand mining Satellite imagery Physical science Sand pits Satellite navigation Soil science Sand pumps Artificial satellites Spatial science Sand ridge Extraterrestrial satellites Science history Sand screens Planetary satellites Science policy Sand seas Gas saturated oil Earth sciences Sand shale ratio Saturation Social sciences Sand washing Zone of saturation Earth sciences information Sandbars Sa tum Scientific societies Sands Sausage structure Soil scientists Aeolian sands Saussuritization Scintillation counters Beach sands Saxonite Scintillation detectors Bituminous sands Geological time scale Scintillation Blanket sands Geomagnetic scale spectrometers Building sands polarity time Scintillometer surveys Calcareous sands Mercalli scale Scintillometers Channel sands Modified Mercalli scale Scolecite Foundry sands Mohs scale Scolecodonta Foundry core sands Richter scale Scoops Gamet sands Small scale operations Scoria Glass sands Scaling up Scoria tuff Glauconitic sands Side scan sonar Scorodite Heavy mineral sands Scandium Scouring Ilmenite sands Scandium isotopes Metal scrap Lime sands Aerial multispectral scanning Scrap metal Metalliferous sands Infrared thermal scanning Scrapers Mineral sands Thermal infrared scanning Scratch hardness Monazite sands Scanning electron tests Moulding sands microscopes Scree Oil sands Scanning electron Scree breccia River sands microscopy Scree slope Rutile sands Scaphopoda Screen analysis Sheet sands Scapolite Size screening Silica sands Scapolitization Screening (sizing) Silty sands Scarp Fixed screens Singing sands Fault scarps Revolving screens Tar sands Fault line scarps Sand screens Zircon sands Raman scattering Sizing screens Sandstone Scavenging Vibrating screens Argillaceous sandstone Scheduling Screens (sizing) Arkosic sandstone Critical path scheduling Screw conveyors Calcareous sandstone Scheelite Screw feeders Conglomeratic sandstone Schist Scribing Feldspathic sandstone Amphibolite schist Scrubbers Fontainebleau sandstone Andalusite schist Scrubbing Kaolinised sandstone Augen schist Gas scrubbing Micaceous sandstone Biotite schist Scyphozoa Sericitic sandstone Calc silicate schist Epeiric sea Silty sandstone Calcareous schist Epicontinental sea Sandstone dykes Chiastolite schist Inland sea Sandstone reservoirs Chlorite schist Law of the sea Sandstone sills Crystalline schist Tethys sea Sandy conglomerate Gamet mica schist Sea bed Sandy gravel Graphite schist Sea bottom Sandy loam Knotted schist Deep sea deposits Sandy shale Kyanite schist Deep sea dredging Sanidine Mica schist Deep sea drilling Homo sapiens Muscovite schist Sea floor

~~361 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Sea floor sampling Sedimentary basins Regressive sediments Sea floor sediments Sedimentary cycle Residual sediments Sea floor spreading Sedimentary deposits Sea floor sediments Sea floor trench Sedimentary Siliciclastic sediments Sea grass differentiation Stream sediments Sea ice Sedimentary dykes Surficial sediments Sea level Sedimentary Suspended sediments Deep sea mineral deposits environments Swamp sediments Deep sea mining Sedimentary facies Terrestrial sediments Sea ooze Sedimentary geology Terrigenous sediments Deep sea sediments Sedimentary history Transgressive sediments Sea surface Sedimentary mineral Unconsolidated sediments Sea water deposits Volcanogenic sediments Sea water corrosion Sedimentary ores Seed collecting Sea water intrusion Sedimentary Seed germination Seismic sea wave petrography Seed storage Seaweed Sedimentary Cloud seeding Seals petrology Seeds Mine seals Sedimentary Oil seeds Seals (reservoir) processes Seepage In seam drilling Sedimentary rocks Gas seepages Multiple seam mining Sedimentary soils Oil seepages Thick seam mining Primary sedimentary structure Magmatic segregation Thin seam mining Sedimentary Segregation process In seam seismic structures Seifdunes .methods Intrusive sedimentary Reflection (seismic) In seam seismic surveys structures Refraction (seismic) Seamounts Sedimentary Seismic activity Coal seams volcanism Seismic anisotropy Oil search Sedimentation Seismic arrays Sand seas Biogenic sedimentation Seismic belt Seasonal variation Chemical sedimentation Seismic correlation Second derivative Geological sedimentation Seismic data maps Sedimentation ponds Seismic detection Secondary blasting Sedimentation tanks Seismic discontinuity Secondary breaking Sedimentology Seismic energy Secondary crushers Sediments source Secondary crushing Aeolian sediments Seismic epicentre Secondary Alluvial sediments Seismic event enrichment Anaerobic sediments Seismic exploration Secondary industry Bar sediments Marine seismic exploration Secondary metallurgy Calcareous sediments Seismic filtering Secondary minerals Carbonaceous sediments Seismic intensity Secondary oil Carbonate sediments Seismic interpretation recovery Clastic sediments Seismic investigations Secondary recovery Deep sea sediments Seismic isochron Secondary wave Deltaic sediments Seismic line Lateral secretion Detrital sediments Seismic maps Sectility Estuarine sediments Crosshole seismic methods Columnar section Ferruginous sediments Deep seismic methods Longitudinal section Flood plain sediments In seam seismic methods Polished section Fluvial sediments Marine seismic methods Stratigraphic section Fluviatile sediments Seismic migration Type section Fluvioglacial sediments Seismic monitoring Balanced cross sections Fluviomarine sediments Seismic noise Cross sections Freshwater sediments Seismic processing Rock sections Geothermal sediments Seismic profiles Seismic sections Glacial sediments Vertical seismic profiles Thin sections Glacial marine sediments Seismic prospecting Secular movements Glaciofluvial sediments Seismic record Secular variation Lacustrine sediments Seismic reflection Security Lag sediments Seismic reflection Sediment history Lake sediments exploration Sediment hosted Levee sediments Seismic reflection deposits Littoral sediments methods Stream sediment maps Marine sediments Seismic reflection Lake sediment sampling Ocean sediments surveys Stream sediment sampling Organic sediments Seismic refraction Sediment transport Pelagic sediments exploration Cast (sedimentary) Phosphatic sediments Seismic refraction Flaser structure (sedimentary) Reef sediments methods

~~362 KWIC Index~~

Seismic refraction Reflectance Sesquiterpanes surveys (remora sensing) Square set stoping Seismic reprocessing Sensitivity analysis Fuzzy sets Seismic risk Sensor mapping Steel sets Seismic risk zones Centrifugal separation Setting time Seismic sea wave Cyclone separation Settling tanks Seismic sections Dense media separation Settling velocity Seismic shooting Dewatering (separation) Sewage Seismic spread Dielectric separation Sewage treatment Seismic stacking Dry separation Sewerage Seismic stratigraphy Electromagnetic separation Rain shadow Seismic survey Electrostatic separation Shaft boring equipment Gravity separation Shaft kilns Seismic survey Heavy liquid separation Shaft linings methods Heavy media separation Shaft sinking Seismic surveys High tension separation Shaft surveying 2D seismic surveys Hydrocyclone separation Shafts 3D seismic surveys Isotope separation Circular shafts Deep seismic surveys Liquid liquid separation Inclined shafts In seam seismic surveys Magnetic separation Mine shafts Marine seismic surveys Magnetohydrostatic separation Ventilation shafts Three dimensional seismic surveys MHS separation Shale shaker Two dimensional seismic surveys Mineral separation Shale Seismic tomography Recrystallization (separation) Bituminous shale imaging Size separation Black shale Seismic traverses Sizing (separation) Calcareous shale Seismic velocity Solid liquid separation Carbonaceous shale Seismic waves Spiral separation Chloritic shale Benioff seismic zone Thermal diffusion separation Clay shale Seismic zones Wet separation Dolomitic shale Seismicity Centrifugal separators Feldspathic shale Induced seismicity Cyclone separators Heaving shale Seismogram Electromagnetic separators Kerosene shale Synthetic seismograms Electrostatic separators Micaceous shale Seismographs Gravity separators Oil shale Digital seismographs Heavy media separators Sandy shale Synthetic seismographs Magnetic separators Siliceous shale Seismological stations Mineral separators Expanded shale aggregates Seismologists Size separators Oil shale deposits Seismology Spiral separators Shale diapirs Seismometers Teetered bed separators Oil shale exploration Torsion seismometers Stellar sepctra Oil shale geochemistry Natural selection Sepiolite Shale oil Selective mining Septechlorite Shale oil chemistry Selenite Non sequence Shale oil processing Selenium Paragenetic sequence Shale oil recovery Selenium alloys Stratigraphic sequence Oil shale petrology Selenium isotopes Sequence Oil shale processing Selenium minerals stratigraphy Sand shale ratio Self fluxing Sequencing batch Oil shale recovery Self potential curve reactor Shale shaker Self potential Serials Varved shales exploration Sericite Shallow depth Self potential logging Sericitic sandstone Shallow focus Self potential logs Series earthquakes Self potential methods Actinide series Shallow water Self potential survey Bowen reaction series Shaly sand equipment Methane series Shaped charges Self potential surveys Mineral series Shareholders Forward selling Reaction series Shares Semi precious stones Transitional series Stocks and shares Semi anthracite Uranium series age method Shatter breccia Semiarid lands Uranium series dating Shatter cone Semibituminious coal Lanthanide series metals Shear Semiconductor Serpentine Pure shear materials Serpentine marble Riedel shear Seminar Serpentinite Simple shear Semisubmersible Serpentinization Shear cleavage platforms Contract services Shear planes Remote sensing Well servicing Shear properties Spacecraft sensing Well servicing rigs Shear strain

~~363 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Shear strength Sidewall core Silver reserves Shear stress Sidewall core barrel Silver resources Shear wave splitting Sidewall coring Sima Shear waves Sidewall sampling Simple shear Shear zone Sieve analysis Simulation Shearing Sieves Analogue simulation Ice sheet Molecular sieves Computer simulation Sheet erosion Sifting Computerized simulation Sheet ice Signal processing Digital simulation Sheet piles Signal to noise ratio Formation simulation Sheet sands Mineral signatures Reservoir simulation Flow sheets Rock signatures Singing sands Continental shelf Silcrete Single entry Shelf facies Silexite development Shell grit Silica Single Leaf Filter Test Shell sand Silica brick Sinkhole breccia Fallout shelters Silica glass Sinkholes Sherritt process Silica minerals Shaft sinking Shield Silica sands Sinter Continental shield Zinc silicate Calcareous sinter Radiation shielding Silicate analysis Siliceous sinter Tunnelling shields Calc silicate hornfels Sinter (material) Lateral shift Silicate minerals Sintering Shipping Silicate refractories Continuous sintering Drill ships Silicate rocks Vacuum sintering Shock waves Calc silicate rocks Sintering furnaces Shonkinite Calc silicate schist Siphoning Correlation shooting Silicates Sirosmelt Dip shooting Aluminium silicates Sirotem methods Reflection shooting Calcium silicates Sirotem surveys Refraction shooting Iron silicates Site investigations Seismic shooting Magnesium silicates Dam site investigations Well shooting Siliceous limestone Site surveys Ore shoots Siliceous shale Aboriginal site surveys Shoran Siliceous sinter Aboriginal sacred sites Shore erosion Siliceous tufa In situ combustion Shore protection Siliciclastic sediments In situ gasification Shores Silicification In situ leaching Shoring Silicified wood In situ recovery Short wall mining Silicon Bubble size Crustal shortening Silicon carbide Size analysis Structural shortening Silicon cycle Grain size analysis Shoshonite Silicon isotopes Size classification Shot break Silicosis Size classifiers Shot datum Sillimanite Size determination Shot drilling Sillimanite schist Size distribution Shot point maps Sills Particle size distribution Shotcrete Sandstone sills Size frequency Shothole Silos analysis Shothole drill Silts Size frequency Shothole velocity Siltstone distribution surveys Silty breccia Size reduction Truck and shovel mining Silty sands (comminution) Shovels Silty sandstone Particle size reduction Power shovels Silurian (crushing) Gas shows Silver Size screening Hydrocarbon shows Native silver Size separation Oil shows Silver alloys Size separators Shrinkage cracks Silver bromide Screening (sizing) Shrinkage stoping Silver chloride Screens (sizing) Shut in pressure Silver copper glance Sizing (separation) Shut in wells Silver deposits Sizing analysis Sial Silver halides Sizing screens Side blown converters Silver iodide Skarn Side dumpers Silver isotopes Skin effect (wells) Side looking radar Silver minerals Skips Side scan sonar Silver mines Sklodowskite Side tracking Silver ores Expanded slag aggregates Siderite Silver production Slag cements Siderolite Silver recovery Portland slag cements Sidetracked hole Silver refining Slags

~~364 KWIC Index~~

Slags retreatment Tin smelting Soil maps Slaking Zinc smelting Soil mechanics Slant hole driling Imperial smelting furnace Soil moisture Slate Imperial smelting process Soil physics Clay slate Smithsonite Soil pressure Knotted slate Smog Soil profiles Roofing slate Smoke Soil properties Spotted slate Smoke abatement Soil sampling Expanded slate aggregates Black smokers Soil science Slaty cleavage Smoky quartz Soil scientists Rubber sleeve core barrel Smooth blasting Soil stabilization Top slice mining Snakes Soil stratigraphic unit Oil slick dispersion Sniffer surveys Soil stratigraphy Slickenside Snow Soil structure Oil slicks Soapstone Soil surveys Slide rules Social factors Radon soil surveys Slides Social sciences Soil tests Slim hole completion Engineering societies Soil textures Slim hole drilling Professional societies Soil water Slim holes Scientific societies Soils Slime dams Sociology Acid sulphate soils Slime tanks Caustic soda Aeolian soils Slimes Soda ash Alluvial soils Slingram EM methods Soda ash deposits Calcareous soils Slingram EM surveys Lime soda ash process Clay soils Bedding plane slip Soda rhyolite Cohesionless soils Strain slip cleavage Soda syenite Cohesive soils Dip slip faults Soda lite Collapsing soils Normal slip faults Sodalite syenite Dispersive soils Reverse slip faults Sodic soils Eluvial soils Strike slip faults Sodium Expansive soils Slips (land) Sodium carbonates Frozen soils Continental slope Sodium chloride Garden soils Scree slope Sodium cyanide Granular soils Talus slope Sodium feldspar Impervious soils Slope design Sodium fluorides Lacustrine soils Slope development Sodium graphite Noncohesive soils Slope stability reactors Organic soils Sludge pits Sodium halides Residual soils Sluices Sodium hydroxide Saline soils (concentrators) Sodium isotopes Sedimentary soils Sluicing Sodium sulphate Sodic soils Slump bedding Sodium sulphide Transported soils Slump block Soft rock geology Solar activity Slump breccia Soft water Solar atmosphere Slump faults Water softening Solar batteries Slump structure Application software Solar cells Slumping Computer software Solar collectors Slurries Development software Solar corona Slurry explosives Software (computers) Solar cosmic rays Slurry pipelines Caliche (soil) Solar eclipse Slurry pumping Earth (soil) Solar energy Slurry pumps Lateritic soil Solar energy Slurry transportation Surface soil collectors Slurrying Top soil Solar energy Small scale Soil aggregates concentrators operations Soil air sampling Solar evaporation Smaltite Soil analysis Solar furnaces Smectite Soil cements Solar generators Net smelter return Soil chemistry Solar heating Smelters Soil classification Solar ponds Smelting Soil compaction Solar power Aluminium smelting Soil conservation Solar power Autogenous smelting Soil creep generation Copper smelting Soil erosion Solar radiation Electric smelting Soil gas sampling Solar radiation Flash smelting Soil gas surveys pressure Iron smelting Soil genesis Solar radio emission Lead smelting Soil horizons Solar reflectors Nickel smelting Soil leaching Solar spectrum Rotary smelting Soil liquefaction Solar stills

~~365 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Solar storms Sovereign risk Optical spectrometers Solar system SP anomalies Scintillation spectrometers Solar wind SP curve Ultraviolet spectrometers Solder SP logging X ray fluorescence spectrometers Sole marks SP logs Spectrometry Sole risk SP methods Atomic absorption spectrometry Solfatara SP survey equipment Flame emission spectrometry Solid bowl classifiers SP surveys Mass spectrometry Solid earth Pore space Optical emission spectrometry geophysics Underground space X ray spectrometry Solid liquid separation Space heating Spectrophotometers Solid phases Space research Infrared spectrophotometers Solid solutions Spacecraft Ultraviolet spectrophotometers Solid to liquid ratio Spacecraft sensing Spectrophotometry Solubility Joint spacing Spectroradiometers Oxygen solubility Bismuth spar Electro spin Solution breccia Greenland spar resonance spectroscope Solution channel Iceland spar ESR spectroscope Solution mining Air sparging Spectroscopes Solid solutions Sparker sound source Spectroscopic Solvent extraction Spatial analysis analysis Solvents Spatial data Spectroscopy Organic solvents Spatial databases Absorption spectroscopy Sonar Spatial science Atomic spectroscopy Side scan sonar Spatter cone Atomic absorption spectroscopy Sonar equipment Indicator species Electron spectroscopy Sonde Specific energy Emission spectroscopy Sonic detection Specific gravity EPR spectroscopy Sonic drilling Specific gravity liquid ESR spectroscopy Sonic logging Specific heat Flame spectroscopy Sonic logs Specific yield Flame emission spectroscopy Sonic properties Specifications Fourier transform Sonic sounding Type specimen infrared spectroscopy Sonic waves Specimen collecting FTIR spectroscopy So nics Hand specimens Gamma spectroscopy Sorbents Spectra Gamma ray spectroscopy Sorption Absorption spectra ICP spectroscopy Ore sorters Atomic spectra Infrared spectroscopy Sorting Atomic absorption spectra Infrared absorption spectroscopy Colorimetric sorting Continuous spectra Mass spectroscopy Diamond sorting Emission spectra Microwave spectroscopy Optical sorting Gamma spectra Molecular spectroscopy Ore sorting Infrared spectra Mossbauerspectroscopy Photometric sorting Une spectra Neutron spectroscopy Radiometric sorting Mass spectra NMR spectroscopy Sorting routines Molecular spectra Nuclear magnetic Air gun sound source Ultraviolet spectra resonance spectroscopy Sparker sound source X ray spectra Nuclear radiation spectroscopy Echo sounder Spectral analysis Optical emission spectroscopy Depth sounding Spectral lines Raman spectroscopy Echo sounding Electron paramag Ultraviolet spectroscopy Electrical resistivity sounding resonance spectre X ray spectroscopy EM sounding Electron spin X ray atomic spectroscopy Resistivity sounding resonance spectre X ray emission spectroscopy Sonic sounding Inductively coupled X ray fluorescence spectroscopy Vertical electrical sounding plasma spectre X ray photoelectron spectroscopy EM sounding methods Spectrochemical Solar spectrum Sulfate soundness analysis Spectrum analysis Sulphate soundness Spectroflurormetry Spectrum analyzers Sour crudes Spectrographs Specular hematite Sour gas Mass spectrographs Specularite Air gun sound source X ray spectrographs High speed layer Directed line source Spectrography Speiss Seismic energy source Gamma ray spectrometer Speleology Sparker sound source Spectrometer surveys Speleothems Source beds Spectrometers Spelter Source rock Atomic absorption spectrometers Spermatophyta Source rock analysis Infrared spectrometers Sperrylite Source rock quality Mass spectrometers Spessartite Biological energy sources Multichannel spectrometers Sphalerite Ground water sources Neutron spectrometers Sphene

~~366 KWIC Index~~

Spheroidal parting Square set stoping Staurolite schist Spheroidal Least squares method Steady state theory weathering Stability Steam Spherules Slope stability Steam boilers Spherulite Chemical stabilization Condensing steam drive Spiders Soil stabilization Steam electric power Spilite Stabilized dunes generation Spilitization Stable isotopes Steaming coal Oil spillage Pre stack depth migration Steatite Spillage control Stack gases Steel Spillways Post stack reprocessing Chromium steel Electron spin resonance dating Stacked profile Galvanized steel Electron spin resonance Stackers Manganese steel spectro Stacking Nickel steel Electro spin resonance Seismic stacking Stainless steel spectroscope Stacks Steel converters Spinel Stadia Steel industry Chrome spinel Stage Steel making Zinc spinel Faunal stage Steel piles Spiral classifiers Floral stage Steel sets Spiral concentration Interglacial stage Alloy steels Spiral separation Mechanical stage Drill steels Spiral separators Universal stage Stellar atmospheres Spiriferida Stainless steel Stellar sepctra Sample splitting Stalactites Drill stem testing Shear wave splitting Stalagmites Stemming Spodumene Batteries (stamp) Drill stems Spoil heaps Stamp batteries Step faults Mine spoil heaps Stamp duty Stepout wells Sponge iron Stamp mills Steranes Sponge metal Gold standard Sterenes Spongia Standard deviation Stereo radar Spontaneous Standard error Stereochemistry combustion Standards Stereographic Spontaneous fission Data standards projection track dating Living standards Stereomapping Spontaneous Stannite Stereophotogrammetr magnetization Stars y Spontaneous State of the art Stereophotography potential curve Steady state theory Stereoscope Spontaneous Static corrections Stereoscopic cameras potential logs Static hardness tests Stereoscopic map Spontaneous Static level plotters potential methods Static reservoir Stereoscopic Spontaneous pressure projection potential surveys Statics Stereoscopy Spores Compressor stations Resource sterilization Bright spot detection Electric power stations Stembergite Flat spot detection Gauging stations Monoaromatic steroids Hot spots Geomagnetic stations Triaromatic steroids Spotted gneiss Gravity stations Stibiconite Spotted hornfels Meteorological stations Stibnite Spotted schist Pumping stations Pipe sticking Spotted slate Seismological stations Stilbite Spray ponds Population (statistical) Solar stills Seismic spread Statistical analysis Stilpnomelane Ocean floor spreading Statistical distributions Stimulation Sea floor spreading Statistical inference Reservoir stimulation Water spreading Statistical methods Well stimulation Spreading basins Statistical processes Stipoverite Spreadsheets Statistical theory Stishovite Springs Statistics Stochastic method Fissure springs Coal statistics Stock exchanges Hot springs E·nergy statistics Stockpiling Mineral springs Industrial material statistics Buffer stockpiling Mound springs Industry statistics Strategic stockpiling Thermal springs Mathematical statistics Stocks Springs (water) Metal statistics Stocks and shares Spudding Mineral statistics Stockwork Squalane Petroleum statistics Stolzite Optical square Staurolite Stone

~~367 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

China stone Stratiform mineral Magnetic field strength Crushed stone deposits Shear strength Dimension stone Bed (stratigraphic) Tensile strength Kidney stone Stratigraphic Yield strength Monumental stone boundary Strength of materials Ornamental stone Stratigraphic Stress Paving stone classification Normal stress Stone conservation Stratigraphic code Shear stress Stone preservation Stratigraphic column Tensile stress Building stones Stratigraphic Yield stress Precious stones correlation X ray stress analysis Semi precious stones Stratigraphic definition Stress field Stoneware Stratigraphic drilling Stress measurement Stony deserts Stratigraphic horizon Striated pebbles Stony iron meteorites Stratigraphic mapping Glacial striation Stony meteorites Stratigraphic maps Striations Stope mining Stratigraphic Strike faults Open stope mining nomenclature Strike slip faults Timbered stope mining Stratigraphic range Stringer lode Stoping Stratigraphic section Drill strings Bench stoping Stratigraphic Strip logs Breast stoping sequence Hot strip mill Magmatic stoping Stratigraphic Strip mining Shrinkage stoping succession Stripper wells Square set stoping Stratigraphic trap Stripping ratio Sublevel stoping Stratigraphic unit Bitumen stripping test Storage Rock stratigraphic unit Anodic stripping voltammetry Coal storage Soil stratigraphic unit Cathodic stripping voltammetry Core storage Time stratigraphic unit Stromatapoda Data storage Stratigraphic wells Stromatolites Energy storage Rock stratigraphic zone Stromatoporidae Fuel storage Stratigraphy Stromeyerite Gas storage Seismic stratigraphy Strontianite Oil storage Sequence stratigraphy Strontium Pumped storage Soil stratigraphy Strontium dating Seed storage Time stratigraphy Neodymium strontium dating Underground storage Stratosphere Rubidium strontium dating Water storage Stratovolcanoes Strontium isotopes Information storage and retrieval Stratum Strontium minerals Storage batteries Mineral streaking Structural analysis Computer storage devices Degrading stream Structural closure Storage tanks Intermittent stream Structural control Storm water Stream erosion Structural Storms Stream flow development Dust storms Stream gauging Structural evolution Fire storms Stream gradient Structural extension Magnetic storms Stream load Structural geology Solar storms Stream pollution Deformation (structural geology) Hydraulic stowing Stream sampling Structural high Pneumatic stowing Stream sediment Structural mapping Hole straightening maps Structural maps Strain Stream sediment Structural Plastic strain sampling nomenclature Shear strain Stream sediments Structural petrology Strain crystallization Streams Structural processes Strain ellipse Antecedent streams (geology) Strain gauges Consequent streams Structural shortening Strain measurement Entrenched streams Structural terranes Strain slip cleavage Ephemeral streams Structural trap Stranded coastlines Graded streams Structure Strandlines Subsequent streams Atomic structure Strata control Underground streams Augen structure Stratabound deposits Bearing strength Basin range structure Strategic materials Bonding strength Closed structure Strategic minerals Cohesive strength Cone in cone structure Strategic planning Compressive strength Crustal structure Strategic stockpiling Crushing strength Cryptoexplosion structure Stratification Field strength Crystal structure Density stratification Fracture strength Earth internal structure Stratified reservoirs Green strength Gneissic structure Stratiform deposits Impact strength Lunar structure

~~368 KWIC Index~~

Mammillary structure Submersible vehicles Sulphidization Molecular structure Subsea completion Sulphur Mullion structure Subsea production Sulphur bacteria Pillow structure Subsequent streams High sulphur coal Planetary structure Subsidence Sulphur cycle Primary Land subsidence Sulphur deposits sedimentary structure Mine subsidence Sulphur dioxide Sausage structure Air blast (mine subsidence) Sulphur isotopes Slump structure Subsidiary fold High sulphur oil Soil structure Subsidies Sulphur recovery Flaser structure Toxic substances Sulphuric acid (sedimentary) Substitution reactions Sun Structure contour Subsurface Sunlight maps correlation Sunspots Structure contours Subsurface drainage Superannuation Depth structure maps Subsurface mapping Superchargers Time structure maps Subsurface maps Superconductivity Algal structures Subterranean Supercontinent Concentric structures drainage Supercooling Cut and fill structures Succession Superfluid helium Dome structures Faunal succession Supergene alteration Geological structures Floral succession Supergene deposits Impact structures Stratigraphic succession Supergene Intrusive structures Sucker rod pumps enrichment sedimentary Sulfate minerals Superimposed Offshore structures Sulfate reduction drainage Rock structures Sulfate resisting Superimposed folds Sedimentary structures cements Superimposed Case studies Sulfate soundness metamorphism Feasibility studies Sulfates Superphosphate Field studies Sulfide deposits Supersaturation Laboratory studies Sulfide minerals Supervision Work study Sulfide ores Electricity supply Sturtite Sulfide zone Gas supply Stylolite Sulfides Water supply Subaqueous disposal Sulfidization Supply management Subaqueous Sulfur Mine support tunnelling Sulfur bacteria Roof support Subartesian wells Sulfur cycle Underground supporting Subbituminous coal Sulfur deposits Supports Subcrop maps Sulfur dioxide Dust suppression Residential subdivisions Sulfur isotopes Noise suppression Subduction Sulfur recovery Suppressors Subduction zones Sulfuric acid Earth surface Sublevel cave mining Aluminium sulphate Ocean surface Sublevel caving Ammonium sulphate Potentiometric surface Sublevel stoping Copper sulphate Sea surface Sublimation Lead sulphate Trend surface analysis Submarine canyons Sodium sulphate Surface chemistry Submarine deltas Zinc sulphate Surface drainage Submarine Sulphate minerals Surface mining earthquakes Sulphate reduction Surface soil Submarine Sulphate resisting Surface tension exploration cements Surface water runoff Submarine fans Acid sulphate soils Surface waters Submarine faults Sulphate soundness Surface waves Submarine geology Sulphates Surfactants Submarine gravity Calcium sulphates Surficial deposits surveys Hydrogen sulphide Surficial geology Submarine Sodium sulphide Surficial sediments hydrothermal vents Sulphide deposits Surge tanks Submarine mineral Massive sulphide deposits Surge tectonics deposits Sulphide minerals Direct current survey equipment Submarine plains Sulphide ores Electrical survey equipment Submarine Sulphide zone Electromagnetic survey equipment topographic Sulphides EM survey equipment features Copper sulphides Gravity survey equipment Submarine trenches Iron sulphides Impedance survey equipment Submarine troughs Lead sulphides Induced polarization survey equipment Submarine volcanoes Nickel sulphides IP survey equipment Submersible pumps Zinc sulphides Magnetic survey equipment

~~369 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Marine survey equipment Ground radioactivity surveys VLF EM surveys Radioactivity survey equipment Ground water surveys Water well surveys Resistivity survey equipment Helicopter surveys Well surveys Seismic survey equipment Helicopter gravity surveys Well location surveys Self potential survey equipment Hydrographic surveys Well velocity surveys SP survey equipment Impedance surveys Magnetic susceptibility Telluric current survey equipment In seam seismic surveys Suspended load Electrical survey interpretation Induced polarization surveys Suspended sediments Electromagnetic survey method Input surveys Suspensions Afmag survey methods IP surveys Sustainable Electrical survey methods Land surveys development ElectricaiiP survey methods Laser surveys Ecologically sustainable Geothermal survey methods Magnetic surveys development Gravity survey methods Magnetic IP surveys Well swabbing Magnetic survey methods Magnetometer surveys Swamp sediments Radioactivity survey methods Magnetotelluric surveys Swamps Seismic survey methods Marine surveys Mangrove swamps Track etch survey methods Marine gravity surveys Dyke swarm Turam EM survey methods Marine magnetic surveys Swash zone Surveying Marine seismic surveys Sweet crudes Mine surveying Microgravity surveys Sweet gas Shaft surveying MIP surveys Syenite Underground surveying Mise a Ia masse surveys Alkali syenite Surveying instruments MMRsurveys Analcime syenite Surveys Oceanographic surveys Leucite syenite 2D seismic surveys Offshore surveys Nepheline syenite 3D seismic surveys Orientation surveys Pyroxene syenite Aboriginal site surveys PEM surveys Pyroxene alkali syenite Aerial surveys Photogrammetric surveys Quartz syenite Aerial surveys Pulse EM surveys Soda syenite electromagnetic Radiation surveys Sodalite syenite Aerial EM surveys Radioactivity surveys Syenite aplite Aerial geophysical surveys Radiometric surveys Syenite pegmatite Aerial gravimetric surveys Radon soil surveys Syenite porphyry Aerial gravity surveys Regional surveys Nepheline syenite porphyry Aerial magnetic surveys Resistivity surveys Potassium syenite porphyry Aerial radioactivity surveys RRMIP surveys Synthetic sylvanite Aerial radiometric surveys Salinity surveys Sylvite Aeromagnetic surveys Scintillometer surveys Map symbols Afmag surveys Seismic surveys Symmetrical folds Airborne surveys Seismic reflection surveys Axial symmetry Alphameter surveys Seismic refraction surveys Axis of symmetry AMTsurveys Self potential surveys Crystal symmetry Applied potential surveys Shothole velocity surveys Symplectite Areal surveys Sirotem surveys Symposium Biological surveys Site surveys Synchronous faults Borehole surveys Slingram EM surveys Synclines Crone EM surveys Sniffer surveys Synclinorium Deep seismic surveys Soil surveys Syneresis Dighem surveys Soil gas surveys Syngenesis Direct current surveys SP surveys Syngenetic deposits Downhole surveys Spectrometer surveys Synroc Economic surveys Spontaneous Syntectonics Electrical surveys potential surveys Syntaxis Electrical IP surveys Submarine gravity surveys Synthesis Electromagnetic surveys Telluric current surveys Chemical synthesis EM surveys TEM Surveys Synthesis gas Environmental surveys Temperature surveys Synthetic aperture Environmental surveys Thematic mapper surveys radar impact Thermal infrared surveys Synthetic diamonds Fixed loop EM surveys Three dimensional Synthetic fuels Fluorescence surveys seismic surveys Synthetic gas Geodetic surveys Topographic surveys Synthetic gems Geological surveys Track etch surveys Synthetic materials Geophysical surveys Transient EM surveys Synthetic minerals Geothermal surveys Turam EM surveys Synthetic natural gas Gravimetric surveys Two dimensional surveys Synthetic oil base Gravity surveys seismic muds Ground EM surveys Uphole surveys Synthetic rutile Ground magnetic surveys UTEM surveys Synthetic Ground radar surveys Velocity surveys seismograms

~~370 KWIC Index~~

Synthetic Tailings retreatment Telecommunications seismographs Tailings sampling Telemetry Synthetic sylvanite Takeovers Radio telescope Syphons Talc Television Conjugate system Talc deposits Borehole television cameras Cubic system Talc schist Telluric current Fault system Talcite Telluric current Fold system Talcose rocks exploration Global positioning system Talus Telluric current Hexagonal system Reef talus methods Isometric system Talus breccia Telluric current survey Joint system Talus fan equipment Monoclinic system Talus slope Telluric current Orthorhombic system Tamping surveys Rhombohedral system Tank farms Tellurides River system Sedimentation tanks Gold tellurides Solar system Settling tanks Tellurium Tetragonal system Slime tanks Tellurium isotopes Triclinic system Storage tanks Tellurium minerals Trigonal system Surge tanks Tellurometers Systematic Tantalite TEM Surveys palaeontology Tantalum Temperate regions Anchoring systems Tantalum isotopes Temperature Card index systems Tantalum minerals Bottom hole temperature Control systems Magnetic tapes Critical temperature Cooling systems Punched tapes Low temperature batteries Cover systems Taphonomy Temperature control Crystal systems Taphrogeosyncline Temperature Data systems Coal tar gradients Earthquake warning systems Tar sands Temperature logging Exhaust systems Tariffs Temperature logs Expert systems Consumer tariffs Temperature surveys Filing systems Protective tariffs Low temperature tests Four dimensional Tars Temperature well information systems Tasmanite logging Geographic Tau p transform Temporal data information systems Carbon tax Temporary hardness Information systems Resource rent tax Temporary reserves Manual information systems Taxation Tenement maps Mooring systems Taxonomy Tenements Mud systems Technetium Mineral tenements Petroleum systems Technical reports Petroleum tenements Piping systems Technical writing Tennantite Warning systems Mercury halo technique Tenorite Systems analysis MMI technique Tensile properties Systems engineering Mobile metal ion technique Tensile strength Systems Techniques Tensile stress management Correlation techniques Surface tension T delta T Ultrasonic techniques High tension separation Ground water table Technology Tension tests Water table Clean coal technology Post tensioned concrete Water table aquifer Computer technology Tepee Plane table mapping Information technology Tephra Plane tables Materials technology Tephrite Rotary tables Mining technology Analcime tephrite Rotary drilling tables Technology transfer Leucite tephrite Tables Tectite Tephroite (concentrators) Tectogenesis Terbium Tabling Tectonic breccia Terbium isotopes Tabulate coral Tectonic cycle Terminal moraines Tacheometers Tectonic maps Pipeline terminals Tachylite Tectonics Visual display terminals Tachylyte Global tectonics Terminology Taconite Plate tectonics Termite mounds Tafoni Surge tectonics Ternary diagrams Tailings Tectonism Terpanes Mine tailings Tectonite Marine cut terrace Saline tailings Tectonophysics Wave built terrace Tailings dams Teetered bed Terrace mining Tailings disposal separators Terraces Tailings ponds Tektites River terraces

~~371 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Terrain classification Penetration tests Thematic mapper Terrain effects Physical tests surveys Terrain reflectance Pitting tests Theodolites Terrane analysis Production tests Bemoullis theorum Terranes Pump tests Theory Structural terranes Reflectance tests Big bang theory Terrestrial deposits Repeat formation tests Decision theory Terrestrial Rock tests Elastic theory environment Scratch hardness tests Glacial control theory Terrestrial magnetism Soil tests Information theory Terrestrial radiation Static hardness tests Milankovitch theory Terrestrial sediments Tension tests Organization theory Terrigenous Ultrasonic tests Peat to anthracite theory sediments Wear tests Probability theory Territorial waters Weathering tests Quantum theory Tertiary Well tests Queueing theory Tertiary education Well discharge tests Sampling theory Tertiary recovery Water well tests (aquifer) Statistical theory Teschenite Water well tests (production) Steady state theory Bitumen stripping test Well tests (production) Thermal alteration Compaction test Tethys Thermal analysis Davis magnetic test Tethys sea Differential thermal analysis Los Angeles test Tetradymite Thermal anomaly Single Leaf Filter Test Tetragonal system Thermal aureole gold Triaxial Tetrahedrite Thermal batteries compression test Tetrapods Thermal brines Water pressure test Cryptocrystalline texture Thermal coal Nuclear research Eutaxitic texture Thermal conductivity and test reactors Eutectic texture Thermal diffusion Hardness testers Flow texture separation Destructive testing Fragmental texture Thermal drilling Drill stem testing Granoblastic texture Thermal energy Nondestructive testing Granophyric texture Thermal erosion Testing laboratories Granular texture Thermal exploration Tests Holocrystalline texture Thermal gradients Accelerated tests ldiomorph texture Thermal history Aquifer tests Lithographic texture Thermal infrared Artificial weathering tests Myrmekitic texture imagery Atmospheric Oolitic texture Thermal infrared corrosion tests Poikilitic texture scanning Atterberg tests Rapakivi texture Thermal infrared Compression tests Relict texture surveys Corrosion tests Textures Thermal maturity Diamond pyramid Amygdaloidal textures Thermal hardness tests Exsolution textures metamorphism Ductility tests Igneous rock textures Thermal power plants Durometer Macrocrystalline textures Thermal prospecting hardness tests Metamorphic rock textures Thermal reactors Dynamic tests Microcrystalline textures Thermal recovery Dynamic hardness tests Mineral textures methods Field tests Mylonitic textures Infrared thermal scanning Field corrosion tests Ore textures Thermal springs Fire tests Rock textures Thermobarometer Flame tests Soil textures Thermochemical Formation tests Porphyritic texures properties Galvanic corrosion tests Thalassinoides Thermochemistry Gas production tests Thallium Thermochronology Hardness tests Thallium isotopes Thermoclines Impact tests Thallophyta Thermocouple Indentation State of the art Thermodynamic hardness tests Age of the earth properties Isochronal tests Origin of the earth Thermodynamics Laboratory tests Rotation of the earth Thermoelectric power Liquids evaluation tests Precession of the equinoxes generation Low temperature tests Origin of the moon Infrared thermography Materials tests Law of the sea Thermogravimetric Mechanical tests Age of the universe analysis Microchemical tests Origin of the universe Thermoluminescence Microhardness tests International map of the world Thermoluminescence Oil production tests Theft dating Oxidation tests

~~372 KWIC Index~~

Thermomechanical Earth tides Signal to noise ratio analysis Ocean tides Authority to prospect Thermometry Tight formation TOC Geological thermometry Tight gas Todorokite Mineral thermometry Tight reservoir Toluene Thermonuclear power Ceramic tiles Tomography generation Till Seismic tomography imaging Thermophiles Glacial till Tonalite Thermophillic bacteria Till (glacial) Cable tool bits Thesauri Tillite Percussion tool bits Theses Timber Cable tool drilling Gregory thesis Mine timber Cable tool drills Thick seam mining Timbered stope Cable tool rigs Thickeners mining Bits (tools) (equipment) Timbering (mines) Casing tools Thickening Arrival time Top blown converters Crustal thickness Delay time Top slice mining Thickness map Drilling time Topsoil Thin seam mining Geological time Topaz Thin sections Setting time Topazite Thiocarbamide Upholetime Topographic contours Thiourea Time break Topographic Thixotropy Time correlation correction Tholeiite (geological) Coastal topographic features Theria Time depth curve Submarine topographic features Thorianite Time distance curve Topographic maps Thorite Time domain Topographic surveys Thorium Time gradient Topography Thorium dating Time isopach maps Karst topography Ionium thorium dating Time lag Lunar topography Thorium isotopes Time lead Ocean bottom topography Thorium lead age Geological time scale Topset bed method Geomagnetic Topsoil Uranium thorium lead age polarity time scale Torbanite method Time stratigraphic unit Torbernite Thorium lead dating Time stratigraphy Torrential cross Uranium thorium lead dating Time structure maps bedding Thorium minerals Tin Torsion Thorogummite Native tin magnetometers Theron Tin alloys Torsion seismometers Three dimensional Tin deposits Toscanite methods Alluvial tin deposits Total energy Three dimensional Tin isotopes Total magnetic models Tin minerals intensity maps Three dimensional Tin mines Total organic carbon seismic surveys Tin ores Total quality Geochemical threshold Tin placer deposits management Thrombolites Tin production Toughness Throw (fault) Tin refining Tour reports Low angle thrust Tin reserves Tourmaline Thrust block Tin resources Tourmalinite Thrust faults Tin smelting Tower mills Thrust nappe Tinguaite Absorption towers Thrust plane Tipplers Cooling towers Thucholite Tires Water cooling towers Thulium Titania Town gas Thulium isotopes Titaniferous hematite Town planning Thumper Titanite Mining towns Thunder eggs Titanium Toxic substances Tidal currents Titanium deposits Toxicology Tidal energy Titanium dioxide Axial trace Tidal flats Titanium isotopes Trace analysis Tidal power Titanium minerals Trace element Tidal power Titanium oxides analysis generation Titanomagnetite Trace elements Tidal power plants Native title Trace fossils Tidal waves Titration Trace metals (tsunamis) TMI maps Tracers Tidal zone Peat to anthracite theory Radioactive tracers Tide gauges Waste to heat Trachyandesite Tides Solid to liquid ratio Trachybasalt

~~373 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Trachydolerite Cargo transportation Trolley assist vehicles Trachyte Mine transportation Trammels Trachyte porphyry Ore transportation Trona Fission track analysis Petroleum transportation Trondhjemite Fission track dating Pipeline transportation Tropical cyclones Spontaneous fission track dating Pit transportation Tropical regions Track etch dating Rail transportation Troposphere Track etch survey Road transportation Trough fault methods Slurry transportation Troughs Track etch surveys Water transportation Submarine troughs Navigation track maps Transported soils Truck and shovel Side tracking Transverse dunes mining Trackless mining Transverse faults Diesel trucks Fission tracks Permeability trap True dip Tracks and trails Porosity trap Charitable trusts Tractors Stratigraphic trap Tsunamis Trade Structural trap Tidal waves (tsunamis) Balance of trade Fault traps Draft tube circulation Trade balance Traps (petroleum) Tube mills Trade practices Carbon trash Worm tubes Trade unions Traveltime Coiled tubing Carbon trading Traverse location Tubing completion Emissions trading maps Tubing head Trail guides Seismic traverses Tubing head pressure Inclusion trails Travertine Tufa Tracks and trails Heat treating furnaces Calcareous tufa Worm trails Acid treatment Siliceous tufa Boulder train Feedwater treatment Tuff Training Heat treatment Air fall tuff Geological training Industrial waste treatment Crystal tuff Geophysical training Natural gas treatment Explosion tuff Industrial training Sewage treatment Scoria tuff Management training Waste treatment Vitric tuff Metallurgical training Water treatment Volcanic tuff Mining training Water treatment plant Welded tuff Petroleum Chemical removal Tundra engineering training (water treatment) Tungsten Safety training Christmas tree Tungsten carbide bits Heat transfer Tree flotation Tungsten carbides Mass transfer Tree ring chronology Tungsten compounds Technology transfer Tremolite Tungsten deposits Transfer faults Earth tremors Tungsten isotopes Transfer zones Earthquake tremors Tungsten mineral Tau p transform Sea floor trench deposits Transform faults Oceanic trenches Tungsten minerals Fouriertransforminfiared Submarine trenches Tungsten mines spectroscopy Trenching Tungstenite Phase transformations Trend surface Tungstic ochre Transformed waves analysis Tunnel blast Marine transgression Trial mining Tunnel erosion Transgressive Triangulation Tunnel kilns sediments Triaromatic steroids Tunnel linings Transient EM Triassic Tunnelling methods Triaxial compression Cut and cover tunnelling Transient EM surveys test Subaqueous tunnelling Transit Trickling filters Underwater tunnelling Transitional series Triclinic system Tunnelling machines Transmissibility Tridymite Austrian tunnelling method coefficient Trigonal system Tunnelling shields Electrical power transmission Trigoniidae Tunnels Transmission electron Trilobita Railroad tunnels microscopes Trimetrogon aerial Railway tunnels Transmissivity photography Water tunnels Transparencies Tripoli Turam EM survey Transpiration Triterpanes methods Contaminant transport Triterpenes Turam EM surveys Hydraulic transport Tritium Turbidite Sediment transport Tritium dating Turbidity Transport equations Tritium isotopes Turbidity currents Transportation Troctolite Turbine drilling Air transportation Troilite Turbine drills

~~374 KWIC Index~~

Gas turbine power Underflow Nozzel process (uranium) generation Underground Uranium 233 Turbine pumps communications Uranium 234 age Turbodrilling Underground method Turbodrills drainage Uranium 234 dating Turbulance Underground Uranium 235 Turbulent flow explosions Uranium deposits Turquoise Underground Uranium enrichment Tuyeres gasification Uranium exploration Twin Underground Uranium fuel cycle Carlsbad twin law mapping Uranium hexafluoride Karlsbad twin law Underground mining Uranium isotope Twinning Underground dating Two dimensional sampling Uranium isotopes models Underground space Uranium lead age Two dimensional Underground storage method seismic surveys Underground streams Uranium lead dating Two mica granite Underground Uranium minerals Type curve supporting Uranium mines Kupferschiefer type deposit Underground Uranium ores Broken Hill type deposits surveying Uranium oxide Carlin type deposits Underground water Uranium policy Cyprus type deposits Undersea mineral Uranium production Mississippi Valley type deposits deposits Uranium reserves A type granite Undersea mining Uranium resources I type granite Underthrust Uranium series age S type granite Underwater blasting method Type locality Underwater cameras Uranium series dating Type section Underwater Uranium thorium lead Type specimen completion age method Tyres Underwater drilling Uranium thorium lead UAV Underwater dating ULF EM methods equipment Uranophane Ullmannite Underwater mining Uranus Ultimate analysis Underwater Urban land use Ultimate analysis photography Urban planning (coal) Underwater pipelines Urban wastes Ultimate bearing Underwater sampling Urbanization capacity Underwater tunnelling Urea Ultrabasic igneous Uniformitarianism Industrial land use rocks Labour unions Land use Ultrabasic rocks Trade unions Multiple land use Ultracentrifuges Biostratigraphic unit Urban land use Ultraclean coal Lithologic unit Land use planning Ultramafic rocks Lithostratigraphic unit Land use zoning Ultramarine Rock stratigraphic unit Uses Ultrasonic techniques Soil stratigraphic unit UTEM method Ultrasonic tests Stratigraphic unit UTEM surveys Ultraviolet Time stratigraphic unit Electrical utilities fluorescence Unitization Gas utilities Ultraviolet radiation Universal stage Land utilization Ultraviolet spectra Universe Manpower utilization Ultraviolet Age of the universe Uvarovite spectrometers Expanding universe Vaalbara Ultraviolet Origin of the universe Vacuum drilling spectrophotometer Unmanned air Vacuum filters s vehicles Vacuum fusion Ultraviolet Scaling up analysis spectroscopy Upgrading Vacuum gauges Uncased drill holes Uphole surveys Vacuum metallurgy Unconfined aquifers Upholetime Vacuum pumps Unconfined ground Uplift pressure Vacuum sintering water Earth upper mantle Valentinite Unconformity Upwarping Mississippi Valley type deposits Erosional unconformity Upwelling Valleys Regional unconformity Uralite Antecedent valleys Unconsolidated Uralitization Drowned valleys sediments Uraninite Hanging valleys Under balanced Uranium Incised valleys drilling Centrifugal process (uranium) Rift valleys Underclay Diffusion process (uranium) Mineral valuation

~~375 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Project valuation Shothole velocity surveys Volcanic arcs Prospect valuation Well velocity surveys Volcanic ash Assay value Low velocity zone Volcanic belt Calorific value Ventilation Volcanic bombs Eh value Fans (ventilation) Volcanic breccia Gross heat value Mine ventilation Volcanic cones Heat value Ventilation ducts Volcanic craters Net heat value Ventilation fans Volcanic deposits Net present value Ventilation shafts Volcanic dust pH value Ventilators Volcanic ejecta Value adding Fissure vents Volcanic eruption Gravity values Submarine vents Volcanic exhalative Vanadinite hydrothermal deposits Vanadium Volcanic vents Volcanic explosion Vanadium deposits Joint ventures Volcanic gases Vanadium isotopes Venus Volcanic glass Vanadium minerals Venus atmosphere Volcanic hosted Vapors Vermes deposits Vapour Vermiculite Volcanic necks magnetometers Amplitude versus offset Volcanic plugs Vapour metallurgy Vertebrata Volcanic prediction Vapour phase Vertebrate Volcanic rocks Vapourization palaeontology Acid volcanic rocks Vapourizers Vertical aerial Felsic volcanic rocks Vapours photography Volcanic tuff Process variables Vertical electrical Volcanic vents Coefficient of variation sounding Volcanic zones Daily variation Vertical seismic Volcaniclastics Diurnal variation profiles Volcanism Geomagnetic variation Vesuvianite Sedimentary volcanism Seasonal variation Vibrating feeders Volcanoes Secular variation Vibrating mills Dormant volcanoes Variation diagrams Vibrating screens Extinct volcanoes Variograms Vibration Mud volcanoes Variscite Blasting vibration Submarine volcanoes Desert varnish Vibration gravimeters Volcanogenic Rock varnish Vibration deposits Varved shales magnetometers Volcanogenic rocks Varves Vibration meters Volcanogenic Vat leaching Vibrators (machinery) sediments Vector analysis Vibratory compacting Volcanology Vector data Vibrographs Voltage regulation Vectorial data Vibroseis Voltammetry Vegetable oils Video Anodic stripping voltammetry Vegetation Video applications Cathodic stripping voltammetry Vehicle generated Viola rite Pore volume pollutants Computer viruses Volume estimation Vehicles Viscosity Volumetric analysis Diesel vehicles Coefficient of viscosity Vughs Electric vehicles Visual display Vulcanology Haulage vehicles terminals Wacke Motor vehicles Audio visual materials Wad Offroad vehicles Vi train Wages and salaries Submersible vehicles Vitric tuff Hanging wall Trolley assist vehicles Vitrification Short wall mining Unmanned air vehicles Vitrinite Wall rock Vein deposits Vitrinite reflectance Wall rock alteration Veins Vivianite Retaining walls Fissure veins VLF EM methods Polar wandering Gash veins VLF EM surveys Data warehousing Quartz veins Vogesite Global warming Seismic velocity Void ratio Warning systems Settling velocity Voids Earthquake warning systems Velocity gradient Volatile matter Air washers High velocity layer Volatiles Washers (cleaners) Low velocity layer Volatilisation Washing Velocity Jogging Ash (volcanic) Coal washing Velocity logs Chimney (volcanic) Counter current washing Velocity profiles Neck (volcanic) Sand washing Velocity profiling Plug (volcanic) Oil waste Velocity surveys Volcanic activity Waste burial

~~376 KWIC Index~~

Waste disposal Well water Water quality Waste energy Water analysis Ground water quality Waste gases Water balance Gas water ratio Waste heaps Water base muds Oil water ratio Industrial waste heaps Ground water basins Boiling water reactors Waste management Water bores Heavy water reactors Waste mantle Water budget Artificial ground water recharge Waste oil Water chemistry Ground water recharge Waste oil recycling Ground water chemistry Ground water recharge basins Waste processing Water clarification Water reclaimation Radioactive waste processing Water conditioning Water recycling Waste rock Water conservation Water removal Waste to heat Gas water contact Ground water reservoirs Waste treatment Oil water contact Water resource maps Industrial waste treatment Water content Water resources Waste water Salt water conversion Ground water resources Waste water reuse Water cooled reactors Waste water reuse Wastes Water coolers Water rights Airborne wastes Water cooling Surface water runoff Coal wastes Water cooling towers Water samples Industrial wastes Sea water corrosion Water sampling Liquid wastes Water cycle Ground water sampling Mine wastes Ground water depletion Water softening Nuclear wastes Ground water discharge Ground water sources Organic wastes Water distribution Water spreading Radioactive wastes Water divining Water storage Urban wastes Water drive Water supply Water Natural water drive Ground water surveys Adsorbed water Salt water encroachment Water table Artesian water Water erosion Ground water table Bore water Water factor Water table aquifer Bound water Water filters Water transportation Brackish water Water filtration Water treatment Capillary water Water flooding Chemical removal (water treatment) Confined water Ground water flow Water treatment plant Connate water Salt water front Water tunnels Deepwater Ground water geology Water waves Distilled water Ground water gradient Water well Drinking water Water heating construction Formation water Water holes Water well surveys Gas cut water Water influx Water well tests Geothermal water Water injection (aquifer) Ground water Ground water intake Water well tests Hard water Ground water intake beds (production) Heavy water Gas water interface Water wells Hydrothermal water Oil water interface Water wheels Hygroscopic water Salt water intrusion Ground water withdrawal Interstitial water Sea water intrusion Flow measurement Magmatic water Water jackets (ground water) Meteoric water Water jet cutting Percolation (ground water) Microorganism (water) Ground water level Recharge (ground water) control Water management Waterfalls Mill water Ground water management Waterholes Perched water Ground water mining Acid mine waters Perched ground water Water mist Mine waters Phreatic water Coal water mixtures Surface waters Pore water Water moderated Territorial waters Potable water reactors Watershed Process water Ground water movement management Reservoirs (water) Water of Watersheds Saline water crystallization Acoustic wave Saltwater Water pipelines Earthquake wave Sea water Water pollution Pwave Shallow water Ground water pollution Swave Soft water Water pressure Secondary wave Soil water Pore water pressure Seismic sea wave Springs (water) Water pressure test Wave built terrace Storm water Deep water production Wave cut bench Unconfined ground water Water prospecting Wave cut platforms Underground water Ground water province Wave energy Wastewater Water purification Wave power

~~377 GeMPeT: the Geoscience, Petroleum and Minerals Thesaurus~~

Shear wave splitting Well discharge tests Recharge wells Wavellite Well drilling Reconditioning (wells) Acoustic waves Gas well drives Relief wells Compressional waves Oil well drives Shut in wells Elastic waves Petroleum well drives Skin effect (wells) Electromagnetic waves Well evaluation Stepout wells Electronic waves Well head Stratigraphic wells Extraterrestrial radio waves Well head pressure Stripper wells Ocean waves Well liners Subartesian wells Primary waves Well location surveys Water wells Rayleigh waves Well log interpretation Wildcat wells Seismic waves Well logging Wenner array Shear waves Directional well logging Wemerite Shock waves Electrical well logging Wet assaying Sonic waves Nuclear well logging Wet gas Surface waves Radiation well logging Wet separation Transformed waves Radioactive well logging Wetlands Water waves Temperature well logging Wettability Tidal waves (tsunamis) Well logs Wetting Montanwax Directional well logs Wetting agents Paraffin wax Electrical well logs Wheel excavators Waxes Radiation well logs Bucket wheel excavators Waxy oils Well performance Water wheels Milky Way Well point drainage Measurement while drilling Nuclear weapons Well pressure Whipstock Wear Well programmes Black and white aerial Wear (materials) Well pumps photography Wear resistance Well recompletion White antimony Wear tests Well reconditioning Whiteclay Weather Well servicing White gold Cyclones (weather) Well servicing rigs White mica Weathering Well shooting White nickel Atmospheric weathering Well stimulation White portland Chemical weathering Well surveys cements Concentric weathering Water well surveys Whiteness index Differential weathering Well swabbing Whiteware Mechanical weathering Well tests Whiting Organic weathering Water well tests (aquifer) Whole rock analysis Rock weathering Well tests World Wide Web Spheroidal weathering {production) Wildcat wells Zone of weathering Water well tests (production) Wilderness Weathering profile Well velocity surveys Wildfires Weathering tests Well water Willemite Artificial weathering tests Well workover Wind World Wide Web Wellbore instability Solar wind Seaweed Wellpoints Wind abrasion Weeds Wells Wind breaks Continuous weighing Abandoned wells Wind energy Atomic weight Appraisal wells Wind erosion Molecular weight Artesian wells Wind power Weight dropping Condensate wells Wind power Weight indicators Deep wells generation Weightometers Deliverability (wells) Wind pressure Weirs capacity Winders Welded tuff Development wells Winding Welding Directional wells Windmills Well abandonment Discovery wells Oil window Well casing Disposal wells Winzing Well cementing Drainage wells Hot wire gas analyser Oil well cements Exploratory wells Wire line core barrel Well circulation Flowing wells Wire line coring Well completion Gas wells Wire line drilling Well completion Horizontal wells Wire line logging practices Injection wells Wire line logs Well completion Killed wells Wire netting report Nonproductive wells Wire ropes Well construction Observation wells Ground water withdrawal Water well construction Offset wells Witherite Well control Oil wells Wolfram Well cuttings Oil appraisal wells Wolframite Well deliverability Producing wells Wollastonite

~~378 KWIC Index~~

Wood X ray spectra Zinnwaldite Fossil wood X ray spectrographs Zircon Opalised wood X ray spectrometry Zircon dating Silicified wood X ray spectroscopy Zircon sands Wooden piles X ray stress analysis Zirconium Worden gravimeter X rays Zirconium isotopes Key words Xanthate Zirconium minerals Geological field work Xanthosiderite Zoisite Work programmes Xenolith Abyssal zone Work study Xenon Bathyal zone Workability Xenon arcs Benioff seismic zone Worker participation Xenon compounds Benthonic zone Working capital Xenon isotopes Biostratigraphic zone Working conditions Xenothermal deposits Collision zone Well workover Xenotime Equatorial zone Workover operations Yeast Fault zone Workover rigs Yellow ground Faunal zone Workplace safety Yellowcake Floral zone Draw works Capillary yield Fracture zone International map of Safe yield Intertidal zone the world Specific yield Lithostratigraphic zone World reviews Yield point Littoral zone World Wide Web Yield strength Low velocity zone Worm casts Yield stress Neritic zone Worm trails Youngs modulus Oxidized zone Worm tubes Ytterbium Pelagic zone Wrench faults Ytterbium isotopes Producing zone Report writing Yttrium Rift zone Technical writing Yttrium iron garnets Riparian zone Wulfenite Yttrium isotopes Rock stratigraphic zone Wustite Yttrium minerals Shear zone Wycheproofite Zaratite Sulfide zone X ray absorption Zeolite Sulphide zone X ray analysis Zeolite facies Swash zone X ray apparatus Zeolite minerals Tidal zone X ray atomic Zeolite process Dual zone completion spectroscopy Zeolitization Zone of aeration X ray crystallography Zeunerite Zone of cementation X ray diffraction Zinc Zone of saturation X ray diffraction Zinc alloys Zone of weathering pattern Zinc blende Benioff zones X ray emission Zinc bloom Climatic zones spectroscopy Zinc deposits Earthquake zones X ray fluorescence Zinc isotopes Geothermal zones X ray fluorescence Zinc minerals Oceanic zones analysis Zinc mines Seismic zones X ray fluorescence Zinc ores Seismic risk zones spectrometers Zinc production Subduction zones X ray fluorescence Zinc refining Transfer zones spectroscopy Zinc reserves Volcanic zones X ray irradiation Zinc resources Zoning X ray microscopy Zinc silicate Land use zoning X ray photoelectron Zinc smelting Mineral zoning spectroscopy Zinc spinel Zoning (mineral X ray powder Zinc sulphate deposits) diffraction Zinc sulphides Zoning (mineralogy) X ray powder pattern Zincite Zoology

~~379 e e e~~

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