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Copyrighted Material P1: SFK/UKS P2: SFK/UKS QC: SFK/UKS T1: SFK Color: 1C ind BLBK321-Paidas September 7, 2010 15:9 Trim: 244mm X 172mm Index Note: Italicized f and t refer to figures and tables, respectably. Abciximab, 207 anti-A, 29 ABO blood group, 28–9 anti-B, 29 ABO hemolytic disease, 29 anti-c, 28 acetaminophen, 45 anticoagulant therapy, 111–43 acidosis, 197 antiplatelet agents, 141 acquired thrombophilia, 68–74. See also low molecular weight heparin, 127–30, inherited thrombophilia 140–41 diagnosis of, 68, 72t for mechanical heart valve incidence of, 68 thromboprophylaxis, 138–43 obstetrical complications, 73 unfractionated heparin, 127, 140–41 pathogenecity, 71 for venous thromboembolism, 111–18 pathophysiology of, 71 for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 118–36 127, 173 vitamin K antagonists, 139–40 activated protein C (APC), 6, 74–9, 191 anti-D immunoglobulin, 33 activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa), 165 antenatal, 33 activation markers, 7 dose regime, 35 acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), 187 indications for RhD-negative mothers, 35 acute leukemia, 20 antifibrinolytic drugs, 202 ADAMST13 deficiency, 44 anti-Kell, 28 adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 60, 61–2 f antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APAS), adherent placenta, 169–70 68–74 alpha-delta storage pool deficiency, 165 clinical consequences, 72–3 Alport syndrome, 60 diagnosis of, 68, 72t amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, 60 incidence of, 68 amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), 184–5 obstetrical complications, 73 anaphylaxis, 211 pathogenicity, 71 anemia, 2–3, 12–13. See also red cell disorders pathophysiology of, 71 aplastic, 20 antiplatelet agents, 141 diagnosis, 21–4 antithrombin etiology, 14 changes in pregnancy, 5t of infection, 19 deficiency, 75–6t, 84–6 iron-deficiency, 13–15, 14t, 21–2 in disseminated intravascular coagulation, management in pregnancy, 24–5 189, 191 megaloblastic, 15–16, 23–4 replacement, in preeclampsia, 86–9 parasitic disease, 18 COPYRIGHTEDaplastic anemia, 20 MATERIAL pathophysiology during pregnancy, 13–14 argatroban, 131 postpartum hemorrhage and, 168 arterial embolization, 177–8 prevalence, 12 Ascaris lumbricoides,18 red cell membrane disorders, 19–20 Asherson’s syndrome, 74 renal, 19 aspirin, 88, 91, 92–9t sickle cell disease, 17–18 atonic uterus, 176 thalassemia, 16–17, 23 anemia-induced coagulopathy, 197 B lymphocytes, 4 Ankylostoma duodenale,18 Bacillus cereus, 210 antenatal anti-D prophylaxis, 33 Bakri balloon, 175 216 P1: SFK/UKS P2: SFK/UKS QC: SFK/UKS T1: SFK Color: 1C ind BLBK321-Paidas September 7, 2010 15:9 Trim: 244mm X 172mm Index 217 balloon tamponade, 175–6 coagulation, 5 basophil count, 4 coagulopathy, 199–206 Bernard-Soulier syndrome, 60 antifibrinolytic drugs, 202 beta thalassemia, 17 blood component therapy, 200 bleeding disorders, inherited, 153–9 blood transfusion support in, 199–200 antenatal care, 158 clinical/laboratory evidence of, 199 care during labor, 158–9 cryoprecipitate, 201 in gynecology, 161–5 dilutional, 199 hemophilia, 156–7 rFVIIa therapy for, 202–6 platelet function disorders, 164–5 fresh frozen plasma, 201 and pregnancy, 157–8 massive blood transfusion in, 199–200, 201–2 prenatal diagnostic, 158 platelets, 200 von Willebrand disease, 153–6, 162–3 colloids, 172 blood component therapy, 200 complete blood count (CBC), 21 blood groups, 28 compression ultrasound leg vein imaging, blood loss, 170–71 116–17 blood transfusion, 195–214 congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, acute transfusion reactions, 210–11 60 acute hemolytic reaction, 210 consumption coagulopathy, 197 allergic reactions, 211 contaminated blood, transfusion of, 210 anaphylaxis, 211 cordocentesis, 52 febrile non-hemolytic transfusion cryoprecipitate, 201 reactions, 211 crystalloids, 171–2, 190 fluid overload, 210–11 CT pulmonary angiography, 115, 126 transfusion contaminated blood, 210 cytokines, 183–4 administration, 209 cytotoxic drugs, 20 blood warmers, 209 cytotrophoblasts, 67 compatibility procedures, 208 complications, 212 dalteparin, 97t, 130 delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction, 212 danaparoid, 131 post-transfusion purpura, 213 D-dimer, 112, 115, 122, 189 transfusion associate graft-versus-host decidualization, 68 disease, 212 deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 111 transfusion-related acute-lung injury, 212 clinical prediction rules, 117t complications of, 209–10 diagnostic tools, 116–17, 121–4 group and cross match, 208 clinical assessment, 116 infections from, 213–14 compression ultrasound leg vein imaging, infection screening, 213 116–17, 122 malaria, 213–14 venography, 116, 122 variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, 213–14 in pregnant women, 122–4 infusion rates for blood components, 208–9 delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR), infusion times for blood components, 208–9 212 intrauterine, 37–8 delta storage pool deficiency, 165 intravenous access, 209 desmopressin acetate (DDAVP), 155–6, 163 massive, 200 dextran, 190 in non-emergency situations, 207 Diego antigen system, 31t in planned surgery, 207–8 dilutional coagulopathy, 199 planning, 208 discrete membranous subaortic stenosis, support, 199–200 severity assessment, 198 blood warmers, 209 disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 182–92 caesarian section, 55, 169 acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 187 cardiolipin antibodies, 5t amniotic fluid embolism and, 184–5 catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome blood and blood products, 190–91 (CAPS), 74 clinical diagnosis of, 187–8 chlorpheniramine, 211 eclampsia and, 185 chondromalacia punctata, 129 etiological factors, 184 chondroplasia punctata, 140 fluid choices, 189 chorioamnionitis, 174 general principles, 183–4 chronic myeloid leukemia, 20 intrauterine death and, 186 citrate phosphate dextrose, 38 intrauterine infections and, 186–7 P1: SFK/UKS P2: SFK/UKS QC: SFK/UKS T1: SFK Color: 1C ind BLBK321-Paidas September 7, 2010 15:9 Trim: 244mm X 172mm 218 Index disseminated (Cont.) fluid resuscitation, 171, 198–9 laboratory diagnosis of, 188–9 folate, 3 anti-thrombin levels, 189 folate deficiency, 15–16 D-dimer, 189 folic acid, 19 fibrin degradation product, 188–9 fondaparinux, 46, 131–2 fibrinogen, 188 fresh frozen plasma (FFP), 158t, 173, 190, 201, partial thromboplastin time, 188 209 PF 1+2 assay, 189 FV Leiden mutation, 185 platelet count, 188 thrombin time, 188 gelatin, 190 management of, 189 genital tract trauma, 169 pathophysiology, 183–4 Gerbich antigen system, 32t placental abruption and, 185–6 gestational thrombocytopenia, 41, 47t,57 role of antithrombin III in, 191 Gestosis Index (GI), 86–7 use of activated protein C, 191 Group B streptococci, 210 use of rVIIa in, 192 group O blood, 29 disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), gynecologic surgery, 137–8 20 Dombrock antigen system, 32t HAMP gene, 15 Duffy antigen system, 31t Hartmann’s solution, 190 Hb-E beta thalassemia, 17 eclampsia, 185 HELLP syndrome, 20, 44, 47t, 173, 185 elevated factor VII, 75t helminths, 18 elevated factor VIII, 75t hematocrit, 2 elevated factor XI, 75t hematologic changes, pregnancy-associated, 1–8 ELISA assays, 113–14 activation markers, 7 enoxaparin, 91, 96–7t anemia in pregnancy, 2–3 Eptifibatide, 207 coagulation, 5 ergometrine, 170, 174 factorX,6 erythrocytes, 2 folate requirements, 3 erythropoietin, 2 hemostatic changes in pregnancy, 5t Escherichia coli, 210 iron requirements, 3 plasma volume, 1–2 factor IX, 156 platelet counts, 4 factor V deficiency, 158t protein S, 6 factor V Leiden (FVL), 74–9, 75–6t protein Z, 6–7 factor VI deficiency, 158t red blood cells, 2 factor VIII, 155 resistance to activated protein C, 6 factor X, 6 thrombocytopenia, 4 factor X deficiency, 158t white blood cells, 4 factor Xa, 6 hematological malignancies, 20 factor XI deficiency, 158t hemoglobin, 2–3, 15 factor XIII deficiency, 158t hemoglobinopathies, 16–18 Fanconi anemia, 59 sickle cell anemia, 17–18 febrile reactions, 211 thalassemia, 16–17 ferritin, 13, 15 hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), 28–38 fetal blood sampling, 54 ABO hemolytic disease, 29 fetal intervention for, idiopathic, 57 blood groups and, 28 fetal platelet typing, 51–2 characteristics of, 28 fetal thrombocytopenia, 46–8. See also maternal incidence of, 28 thrombocytopenia isoimmunization and, 28–9 characteristics of, 59t pattern and severity, 28–9 genetic disorders associated with, 58–60 Rhesus hemolytic disease, 30–38 gestational, 57 hemolytic uremic syndrome, 43–5, 47t immunologic causes, 57 hemophilia, 156–7. See also inherited bleeding infectious etiologies, 58 disorders neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, antenatal care, 157 48–57 care during labor, 157 fever, 211 causes of, 156 fibrin degradation products (FDP), 183, 188–9 prenatal diagnosis of, 156–7 fibrinogen, 5t, 188 hemophiliacs, 202 P1: SFK/UKS P2: SFK/UKS QC: SFK/UKS T1: SFK Color: 1C ind BLBK321-Paidas September 7, 2010 15:9 Trim: 244mm X 172mm Index 219 hemorrhage, postpartum, 167–79 antithrombin deficiency, 84–6 balloon tamponade for, 175–6 factor V Leiden resistance, 74–9 blood loss estimation, 170–71 hyperhomocysteinemia, 81–3 consequences of, 168 methyltetrahydrofolate reductase mutations, definition of, 167–8 81–3 etiology, 168–9 PAI-1 4G/5G mutation, 89–90 evaluation of, 195–6 protein C deficiency, 83–4 immediate management of, 171–4 protein S deficiency, 83 incidence of, 167 prothrombin gene mutation, 79–81 management of, 195–6, 206–7 inhibitor-1, 5t medical management of, 174–5 internal iliac artery ligation (IAL), 177 mortality rate, 167 intrauterine death, 186 obstetric hemorrhage, 195 intrauterine infections, 186–7 prevention of, 169–70 intrauterine transfusion, 37–8 recurrence of, 168 intravenous
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