Identification of Karst Features in the Portsdown Chalk Fm. from Aerial Photography, Dorset, UK

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Identification of Karst Features in the Portsdown Chalk Fm. from Aerial Photography, Dorset, UK Identification of Karst Features in the Portsdown Chalk Fm. from Aerial Photography, Dorset, UK Morena N Hammer1, Paul D Burley2, Howard D Mooers1 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (email: [email protected]) Introduction Cranborne Chase hosts a unique geological and archaeological landscape in south central England. The Chase occupies the chalk downlands underlain by the cretaceous White Chalk Subgroup plateau that extends from the northern Chalke Escarpment, southward across the counties of Dorset, Wiltshire, and Hampshire (Hopson, 2005). In this region, there is extensive archaeological evidence supporting a large Neolithic population in southern central England from approximately 3600-3440 BC (Woodbridge et al., 2013). During the transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic at about 4000 BC, there was a significant change in the tools, farming technique, and cultural tradition. Though archaeologically these transitions are significant, there is little to no data available recording the environment that the Neolithic people were living in and how they influenced the landscape through cultivation and related impacts. One site that has yielded an extensive collection of animal and cultural remains during this time period is the excavation of Fir Tree Field Shaft doline (Allen & Green, 1998). Other typical data archives that would be used for paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Neolithic period, such as lakes or peat fens, do not exist in Cranborne Chase because of the well-drained karst landscape. These karst features developed in the chalk can be excellent paleoenvironmental archives. Chalk, a form of limestone, is developed by the accumulation and lithification of calcium carbonate shells from marine organisms. For southern England, the Chalk Group was deposited during the Late Cretaceous recording various marine environments with its preserved regressive and transgressive phases (Adams B., et al., 1999; Mortimore et al., 1986; Hopson P., et al., 2011). Within the group are the Upper, Middle, and Lower Chalk Groups that comprise chalk beds of varying composition and a young unconformity overlain by the Paleogene sequence containing pyrite amongst stilts and clays. The process of dissolution of calcium carbonate by water percolation from the surface allows for the formation of karst features in chalk. These karst features were mapped to assist in the identification of potential recorders of the paleoenvironment of Neolithic Britain. Methods During the summer of 2018, there was a significant drought in south central England that gave insight to the soil and karst interaction of Cranborne Chase. The drought enhanced the identification of karst features because the topsoil was excessively dry, being drained by the underlying dissolution chalk and passageways. Satellite imagery was taken during this summer drought. Accessing this remote sensing imagery in Google Earth the karst features of Cranborne Chase were mapped. Mohammed et al. (2013) determined that the horizontal accuracy of Google Earth is within 1.80 m (relative to the study area) when comparing points to field checked locations. Similarly, the height accuracy was within 1.7 m, therefore finding that the use Google Earth is an adequate source of high-resolution imagery for preliminary studies. Mapping was performed by visual identification of vegetation color differences and cross-checked with a DEM hillshade derivative. A geodatabase was created for the polygon features including a field of the confidence level at which they were mapped, coordinates, and other calculated geometries such as the area and perimeter. The geologic bedrock map provided by the British Geological Survey was intersected with the polygons and fields for the formation at which the karst features sit in, the formation lithology, and the link at which more information on the formation can be found was added to the geodatabase. The sites that were mapped were compared to a study completed by Sperling et al. (1977) showing a significant correlation between the mapped locations. The second phase that was not completed would include ground truthing and continued cross-checking by using sink tool calculations and experimenting with topographic index tools for anomalistic depression identification. Results There were +1,700 karst features mapped in Cranborne Chase. Of these features there was a significant correlation between their density and occurrence and a defined chalk formation. Of the +1,700 features, 1,311 (varying in size) were located in the Portsdown Chalk Formation. Other dominant units included the Culver Chalk Formation (234 karst features) and the Reading Figure 1. Map of Cranborne Chase detailing the karst feature density on the Portsdown Chalk Fm. and surrounding formations. Formation (146 karst features). Other units with minor karst feature assemblages included the Poole, London Clay, and Newhaven formations. Most visible karst features were identified on steeper hillslopes and in valleys. Discussion: Geology Behind the Karst Formations Since a correlation between our mapped locations and relationship to the Portsdown Fm. exists and is paralleled to other studies, it raises the question of what is causing this to occur across one band of the Chalk Group? The Chalk Group as an entire area has vast interconnectivity between vertical and horizontal fractures, coupled with generally high permeability and porosity that allow for the movement of water through the soft, friable formations (Melville, R. V. and Freshney, E. C., 1982; Adams B., et al., 1999). The Portsdown Chalk Fm. is a part of the White Chalk Subgroup or Upper Chalk Group in south-central England. Between the Upper, Middle, and Lower Chalk Groups (youngest to oldest, respectively), the layers vertically vary in composition and thickness (Aldiss et al., 2012) and the nomenclature varies between previous research. The Portsdown Chalk Fm. differs relative to other surrounding formations by its relative lack of flint nodules or seams. The Upper Chalk in general is softer, smooth, and the nodules are sparse. The predominant features, though minimal, are marl (thin beds of clay rich chalks) seams that occur no larger than 10mm in thickness which play a major factor in permeability and fracture style through the formation (Aldiss et al., 2012). In the Portsdown Chalk Fm., these marl seams most commonly occur in the southern part of the formation and have an intermittent and unconnected layering due to inoceramid shell debris (BGS, n.d.). The northern part of the formation is more marl free. The lowest part of the formation is grainy and contains hardgrounds (due to calcite prisms of bivalve shells, etc…) but the constituents thin out moving up the formation. Here the marl beds are sparse and are instead replaced with significant nodular flint horizons, especially evident near the Isle of Wight (Hopson et al., 2011). Altogether, the Upper and Middle Chalk have the least clay minerals and lithic fragments (Adams B., et al., 1999). Reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey ©UKRI. All rights Reserved Figure 2. Cross-section of the Upper, Middle, and Lower Chalk Groups (Adams, B., et al., 1999). Above the Portsdown Fm. is an unconformity cause by weathering during the sub- Paleogene with the deposition of the Paleogene sequence. This sequence includes the Reading Fm. and London Clay Fm., and the Bracklesham groups of Eocene age reaching to the base of the Culver Fm. (Adams, B., 1999; Aldiss D., et al., 2012). The Paleogene altogether is the youngest sequence consisting of pyrite and fine silts and clays laid down in a shallow marine environment (Melville, R. V. and Freshney, E. C., 1982). Further sediments were developed from Pleistocene periglacial environment from freeze-thaw and Quaternary weathering of the Reading Fm. (Adams, B. et al., 1999; French, H., 2007). It should be noted that swallowholes have been observed to form in the chalk next to regions of runoff from the Reading Fm. (Adams B., et al., 1999), possibly due to the Quaternary weathering. Under the Portsdown Fm. are the older Spetisbury and Tarrant Chalk Members (often seen as both comprising the larger Culver Fm.) containing tabular flint seams throughout (Hopson et al., 2011). The Middle Chalk Group changes vertically more than the Upper Chalk Group and Lower Chalk Group. It is also seen as the first introduction of hard, fossiliferous, nodular chalks (Adams, B., 1999). Towards the middle of the group, the chalk becomes soft, but fossils are still evident with sparse flints (Aldiss et al., 2012). The Lower Chalk Group has significant marl seams and muddier constituents throughout the chalk, coining the term Marl Chalks. The Marl Chalks are much less permeable than the beds above it. The northern part of the Lower Chalk formation thins in the marl seams and becomes more massive, referred to as the Grey Chalk. Tectonics had a hand in the cretaceous sedimentation and Paleogene deposition, however in the central and southern England there is no longer active faulting in the region (Aldiss D. T., 2013). Through remote sensing it has been found that most valleys are nearly equally spaced, suggesting that they are locations of parallel joints (Adams et al., 1999). On the Isle of Wight, it has been observed that localized faulting and folding has had a syntectonic influence on the sedimentation of the Chalk, residing beds, and its capability to retain characteristic formation features (Hopson et al., 2011). Here it has been found that the marl seams are competent to residing fractured chalk, often described as influencing nearly horizontal joints sub-parallel along the seams (Hopson et al., 2011; Bloomfield et al., 2003). Increased fractures in more brittle, marl-free beds have higher water permeabilities and possibilities for karst processes to occur than the less cleanly fractured beds containing marl seams. Although soft chalks seem to have incomplete propagating fractures compared to more brittle beds, if they contain hardgrounds (as in the Portsdown) the soft chalk fractures more thoroughly.
Recommended publications
  • The Lithostratigraphy and Biostratigraphy of the Chalk Group (Upper Coniacian 1 to Upper Campanian) at Scratchell’S Bay and Alum Bay, Isle of Wight, UK
    Manuscript Click here to view linked References The lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Chalk Group (Upper Coniacian 1 to Upper Campanian) at Scratchell’s Bay and Alum Bay, Isle of Wight, UK. 2 3 Peter Hopson1*, Andrew Farrant1, Ian Wilkinson1, Mark Woods1 , Sev Kender1 4 2 5 and Sofie Jehle , 6 7 1 British Geological Survey, Sir Kingsley Dunham Centre, Nottingham, NG12 8 5GG. 9 2 10 University of Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, 72074 Tübingen, Germany 11 12 * corresponding author [email protected] 13 14 Keywords: Cretaceous, Isle of Wight, Chalk, lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, 15 16 17 Abstract 18 19 The Scratchell‟s Bay and southern Alum Bay sections, in the extreme west of the Isle 20 21 of Wight on the Needles promontory, cover the stratigraphically highest Chalk Group 22 formations available in southern England. They are relatively inaccessible, other than 23 by boat, and despite being a virtually unbroken succession they have not received the 24 attention afforded to the Whitecliff GCR (Geological Conservation Review series) 25 site at the eastern extremity of the island. A detailed account of the lithostratigraphy 26 27 of the strata in Scratchell‟s Bay is presented and integrated with macro and micro 28 biostratigraphical results for each formation present. Comparisons are made with 29 earlier work to provide a comprehensive description of the Seaford Chalk, Newhaven 30 Chalk, Culver Chalk and Portsdown Chalk formations for the Needles promontory. 31 32 33 The strata described are correlated with those seen in the Culver Down Cliffs – 34 Whitecliff Bay at the eastern end of the island that form the Whitecliff GCR site.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Models and Evaluation of Undiscovered Conventional and Continuous Oil and Gas Resources— Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S
    Geologic Models and Evaluation of Undiscovered Conventional and Continuous Oil and Gas Resources— Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S. Gulf Coast Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5159 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Front Cover. Photos taken by Krystal Pearson, U.S. Geological Survey, near the old Sprinkle Road bridge on Little Walnut Creek, Travis County, Texas. Geologic Models and Evaluation of Undiscovered Conventional and Continuous Oil and Gas Resources—Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S. Gulf Coast By Krystal Pearson Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5159 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Pearson, Krystal, 2012, Geologic models and evaluation of undiscovered conventional and continuous oil and gas resources—Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Contribution to the Sheet Explanation of the Ipswich District (Sheet 207): Cretaceous
    A contribution to the Sheet Explanation of the Ipswich district (Sheet 207): Cretaceous Integrated Geosurveys (Southern England) Programme Internal Report IR/05/007 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INTEGRATED GEOSURVEYS (SOUTHERN ENGLAND) PROGRAMME INTERNAL REPORT IR/05/007 A contribution to the Sheet Explanation of the Ipswich district (Sheet 207): Cretaceous M A Woods The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Ordnance Survey licence number Licence No:100017897/2004. Keywords Cretaceous, Gault Formation, Chalk Group, Lithostratigraphy, Biostratigraphy, Chronostratigraphy. Bibliographical reference WOODS, M A. 2004. A contribution to the Sheet Eplanation of the Ipswich district (Sheet 207): Cretaceous. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/05/007. 10pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected] You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. © NERC 2004. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2004 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS British Geological Survey offices Sales Desks at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG The London Information Office also maintains a reference ? 0115-936 3241 Fax 0115-936 3488 collection of BGS publications including maps for consultation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Skælskør Structure in Eastern Denmark – Wrench-Related Anticline Or Primary Late Cretaceous Seafloor Topography?
    The Skælskør structure in eastern Denmark – wrench-related anticline or primary Late Cretaceous seafloor topography? FINN SURLYK, LARS OLE BOLDREEL, HOLGER LYKKE-ANDERSEN & LARS STEMMERIK Surlyk, F., Boldreel, L.O., Lykke-Andersen, H. & Stemmerik, L. 2010-11-11. The Skælskør structure in eastern Denmark – wrench-related anticline or primary Late Cretaceous seafloor topography? © 2010 by Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 58, pp. 99–109. iSSn 0011–6297. (www.2dgf.dk/publikationer/bulletin) https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2010-58-08 Sorgenfrei (1951) identified a number of NW–SE oriented highs in the Upper Cretaceous – Danian Chalk Group in eastern Denmark, including the Skælskør structure and interpreted them as anticlinal folds formed by wrenching along what today is known as the Ringkøbing-Fyn High. Recent reflection seismic studies of the Chalk Group in Øresund and Kattegat have shown that similar highs actually represent topographic highs on the Late Cretaceous – Danian seafloor formed by strong contour- parallel bottom currents. Reflection seismic data collected over the Skælskør structure in order to test the hypothesis of Sorgenfrei show that the Base Chalk reflection is relatively flat with only very minor changes in inclination and cut by only a few minor faults. The structure is situated along the northern margin of a high with roots in a narrow basement block, projecting towards the northwest from the Ringkøbing Fyn High into the Danish Basin. The elevated position is maintained due to reduced subsidence as compared with the Danish Basin north of the high. The hypothesis of wrench tectonics as origin can be refuted.
    [Show full text]
  • Stability Risk Assessment.Pdf
    GEOTECHNICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING GEOTECHNICAL ENVIRONMENTAL WYG ENVIRONMENTAL LTD. MAYTON WOOD QUARRY ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT APPLICATION Stability Risk Assessment Report GEC NO: GE200243006 Geotechnical and Environmental Ltd 10 Seven Acres Road, Weymouth, Dorset. DT36DG Tel: +44 (0)800 0407051 www.geosure.co.uk GEOTECHNICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING WYG ENVIRONMENTAL LTD. MAYTON WOOD QUARRY ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT APPLICATION Stability Risk Assessment GEC NO: GE200240610 Document History: Reference: GE20024/SRA/V1 Date of Issue Document Description Prepared 30/11/2020 Stability Risk Assessment Dr David Fall CGEOL FGS GEOTECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING LTD., 10 Seven Acres Road, Weymouth, Dorset. DT3 6DG. Telephone: +44 (0)800 0407051 www.geosure.co.uk GE200240610 i Mayton Wood Quarry Stability Risk Assessment WYG Environmental Ltd GEOTECHNICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 STABILITY RISK ASSESSMENT 9 3.0 MONITORING 18 LIST OF TABLES Table SRA1 Local Stratigraphy of the Application Area 3 Table SRA2 Groundwater Strikes during the Construction of the Boreholes 3 Table SRA3 Groundwater Monitoring Data 4 Bibliography of Published Sources used in the Determination of the Table SRA4 7 Characteristic Geotechnical Parameters of the Inert Waste Table SRA5 Side Slope Subgrade Stability – Summary of Characteristic Geotechnical Data 11 Table SRA6 Side Slopes Liner Stability – Summary of Characteristic Geotechnical Data 11 Table SRA7 Waste Mass Stability - Summary of Characteristic Geotechnical Data 11 Table SRA8
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2: the Chalk Depositional System in the Central Graben – Concepts of Regional Geology, Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
    Chapter 2: The chalk depositional system in the Central Graben – concepts of regional geology, sedimentology and stratigraphy 17 18 1. Introduction Before the science of geology was established, the chalk was already noted by the Romans for the prosperity that grapevines reached on chalk soil during their conquering campaign across Europe throughout the 1st century BC. Chalk acts as a sponge, storing excess water for dry periods and with the ability to store heat. In the seventeen century, such properties were also noted by the celebrated wine maker and monk, Pierre Perignon – or Dom Perignon – the “father of champagne”, making the fortune of the French Champagne and Chablis wine yards. Romans commonly referred to chalk as Creta, from which the name of the stratigraphic system Cretaceous is derived. The white colour of chalk is possibly the source for the Latin name of England Albion (Latin alba = white) after the "># The Cretaceous is a special and complex period in the Earth’s history characterized by episodes of %Z"" ["""%">et al., 1998; Jenkyns, 1994; Wissler et al., 2003; Bodin et al., 2006; Jarvis et al., 2006). In large parts of NW Europe, the sedimentary succession deposited during the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleocene (100–61 Ma) largely consists of thick and conspicuous intervals of white chalk sediments. Deposition %_R['" [%>?QX`}?+%QXX#* was probably one the most important during the Phanerozoic and has been commonly attributed to rapid ocean crust formation and an increase in the volume of oceanic ridges (Orth et al., 1993; Kerr, QXX%%R%>[QXXQ# A second peculiarity of the Late Cretaceous is the equally warm climatic conditions over the continents associated with higher tropical and polar temperatures and lower latitudinal temperature gradients than present day (Wilson & Norris, 2001; Wilson et al., 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Sampling of the Fossil Record in a Geographically and Stratigraphically Constrained Dataset: the Chalk Group of Hampshire, Southern UK
    Walker, F., Dunhill, A., Woods, M., Newell, A., & Benton, M. (2016). Assessing sampling of the fossil record in a geographically and stratigraphically constrained dataset: the Chalk Group of Hampshire, Southern UK. Journal of the Geological Society. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016-093 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY Link to published version (if available): 10.1144/jgs2016-093 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Geological Society at http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016-093. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Downloaded from http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/ at University of Bristol Library on December 29, 2016 Research article Journal of the Geological Society Published Online First https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2016-093 Assessing sampling of the fossil record in a geographically and stratigraphically constrained dataset: the Chalk Group of Hampshire, southern UK Fiona M. Walker1*, Alexander M. Dunhill2, Mark A. Woods3, Andrew J. Newell4 & Michael J. Benton1 1 School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall
    [Show full text]
  • Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Preliminary Environmental
    Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Preliminary Environmental Information Report: Chapter 1 – Geology and Ground Conditions (Part 1) Date: July 2017 Chapter 1 – Geology and Ground Conditions Preliminary Environmental Information Report July 2017 Environmental Impact Assessment Preliminary Environmental Information Report Liability Volume 3 Chapter 1: Geology and Ground Conditions This report has been prepared by RPS, with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of their contracts with DONG Energy Power (UK) Ltd. Report Number: P6.3.1 Version: Final Date: July 2017 This report is also downloadable from the Hornsea Project Three offshore wind farm website at: www.dongenergy.co.uk/hornseaproject3 DONG Energy Power (UK) Ltd. 5 Howick Place, Prepared by: RPS London, SW1P 1WG Checked by: Tracey Siddle, Jennifer Brack, and Kieran Bell. © DONG Energy Power (UK) Ltd, 2017 All rights reserved Accepted by: Sophie Banham Front cover picture: Kite surfer near one of DONG Energy's UK offshore wind farms © DONG Energy Hornsea Approved by: Stuart Livesey Project Three (UK) Ltd., 2016. i Chapter 1 – Geology and Ground Conditions Preliminary Environmental Information Report July 2017 Table of Contents Table 1.16: Summary of potential environment effects, mitigation and monitoring. ............................................... 52 1. Geology and Ground Conditions .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1
    [Show full text]
  • Lithostratigraphy of the Palaeogene–Lower Neogene Succession of The
    GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND BULLETIN 12 · 2007 Lithostratigraphy of the Palaeogene – Lower Neogene succession of the Danish North Sea Poul Schiøler, Jan Andsbjerg, Ole R. Clausen, Gregers Dam, Karen Dybkjær, Lars Hamberg, Claus Heilmann-Clausen, Erik P. Johannessen, Lars E. Kristensen, Iain Prince and Jan A. Rasmussen GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND DANISH MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT 1 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 12 Keywords Lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, North Sea Basin, Palaeogene, Neogene. Cover Complex fabric created by multiple small-scale sand intrusions (light) into dark mudstones – such enigmatic fabrics are commonly associated with the sand-rich units of the Rogaland Group in the Siri Canyon area, offshore Denmark. The illustrated section of core is about 10 cm across and is from the lower Tyr Member (Lista Formation) in the Cecilie-1B well (2346.8 m). Photograph: Jakob Lautrup. Chief editor of this series: Adam A. Garde Editorial board of this series: John A. Korstgård, Geological Institute, University of Aarhus; Minik Rosing, Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen; Finn Surlyk, Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen Scientific editors of this volume: Jon R. Ineson and Martin Sønderholm Editorial secretaries: Jane Holst and Esben W. Glendal Referees: Paul van Veen (Norway) and Robert O’B. Knox (UK) Illustrations: Stefan Sølberg Digital photographic work: Benny M. Schark Graphic production: Knud Gr@phic Consult, Odense, Denmark Printers: Schultz Grafisk, Albertslund, Denmark Manuscript received: 29 August 2005 Final version approved: 8 September 2006 Printed: 29 June 2007 ISSN 1604-8156 ISBN 978-87-7871-196-0 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin The series Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin replaces Geology of Denmark Survey Bulletin and Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND BULLETIN 25 • 2011 Upper Cretaceous chalk facies and depositional history recorded in the Mona-1 core, Mona Ridge, Danish North Sea Kresten Anderskouv and Finn Surlyk GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND DANISH MINISTRY OF CLIMATE, ENERGY AND BUILDING 1 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 25 Keywords Upper Cretaceous chalk, Danish North Sea, Mona-1, facies analysis Cover Detail of a shear-deformed, matrix-supported chalk conglomerate representing a deformed debris-flow deposit (Mona-1 polished core, 10890 ft). Such chalk deposits are typical of the Upper Cretaceous succession in the Mona-1 well and exemplify two important processes of redeposition: fluid-like deformation during debris flow and plastic deformation during slumping or the final stages of debris-flow deposition. Photograph courtesy of Wintershall Noordzee B.V. Chief editor of this series: Adam A. Garde Editorial board of this series: John A. Korstgård, Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University; Minik Rosing, Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen; Finn Surlyk, Department of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen Scientific editor of this volume: Jon R. Ineson Editorial secretaries: Jane Holst and Esben W. Glendal Referees: Frans van Buchem (DK) and Maurice E. Tucker (UK) Illustrations: Jette Halskov, Britta Munch and Christian Hagen Digital photographic work: Benny M. Schark Graphic production: Kristian A. Rasmussen Printers: Rosendahls . Schultz Grafisk A/S, Albertslund, Denmark Manuscript received: 6 December 2010 Final version approved: 19 October 2011 Printed: 29 December 2011 ISSN 1604-8156 ISBN 978-87-7871-327-8 Citation of the name of this series It is recommended that the name of this series is cited in full, viz.
    [Show full text]
  • BASED FOSSIL RECORDS of TELEOST FISHES by WERNER SCHWARZHANS1,HERMIONET.BECKETT2 ,JASOND
    [Palaeontology, Vol. 61, Part 4, 2018, pp. 511–541] COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNING AS A TOOL FOR LINKING THE SKELETAL AND OTOLITH-BASED FOSSIL RECORDS OF TELEOST FISHES by WERNER SCHWARZHANS1,HERMIONET.BECKETT2 ,JASOND. SCHEIN3 and MATT FRIEDMAN2,4 1Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected] 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; [email protected] 3Bighorn Basin Paleontological Institute, Willow Grove, PA USA; [email protected] 4Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, & Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA; [email protected] Typescript received 11 August 2017; accepted in revised form 27 November 2017 Abstract: Micro-computed tomography (lCT) scanning that do not appear in the body fossil record until the Palaeo- now represents a standard tool for non-destructive study of gene. This striking example of convergence suggests con- internal or concealed structure in fossils. Here we report on straints on otolith geometry in pelagic predators. The otoliths found in situ during routine lCT scanning of three- otoliths of Apateodus show a primitive geometry for aulopi- dimensionally preserved skulls of Palaeogene and Cretaceous forms and lack the derived features of Alepisauroidea, the fishes. Comparisons are made with isolated otolith-based lizardfish clade to which the genus is often attributed. In situ taxa to attempt correlations between the body fossil and oto- otoliths of Early Cretaceous fishes (Apsopelix and an uniden- lith fossil records. In situ otoliths previously extracted tified taxon) are not well preserved, and we are unable to mechanically from specimens of Apogon macrolepis and Den- identify clear correlations with isolated otolith morphologies.
    [Show full text]
  • System of the Chalk Across Southern England Modelling the Hydrogeology and Managed Aquifer
    Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on April 23, 2012 Geological Society, London, Special Publications Modelling the hydrogeology and managed aquifer system of the Chalk across southern England R. W. N. Soley, T. Power, R. N. Mortimore, P. Shaw, J. Dottridge, G. Bryan and I. Colley Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2012, v.364; p129-154. doi: 10.1144/SP364.10 Email alerting click here to receive free e-mail alerts when service new articles cite this article Permission click here to seek permission to re-use all or request part of this article Subscribe click here to subscribe to Geological Society, London, Special Publications or the Lyell Collection Notes © The Geological Society of London 2012 Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on April 23, 2012 Modelling the hydrogeology and managed aquifer system of the Chalk across southern England R. W. N. SOLEY1*, T. POWER2, R. N. MORTIMORE3, P. SHAW4, J. DOTTRIDGE5, G. BRYAN6 & I. COLLEY7 1AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, Copper Beeches, St Kew, Bodmin, Cornwall PL30 3HB, UK 2AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, 17 Angel Gate, City Road, London EC1 V 28H, UK 3ChalkRock Ltd, 32 Prince Edwards Road, Lewes, Sussex BN7 1BE, UK 4Environment Agency, Guildbourne House, Chatsworth Road, Worthing, West Sussex BN11 1LD, UK 5Mott MacDonald, Demeter House, Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2RS, UK 6Environment Agency, Manley House, Exeter, Devon, EX2 7LQ, UK 7Hyder Consulting UK Ltd, 3 Kew Court, Pynes Hill, Rydon Lane, Exeter, EX2 5AZ, UK *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Six regional recharge and groundwater models have been recently developed of the Chalk and Upper Greensand from Dorset to Kent.
    [Show full text]