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Waste Minimization & Recycling in Singapore

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Waste Minimization & Recycling in Singapore World Waste to Energy City Summit City Resilience: Integrating Demand-side Solutions into Today’s Cities Singapore’s Integrated Waste Management System Ong Soo San Director Waste & Resource Management Department National Environment Agency Singapore Outline 1. Singapore’s Solid Waste Management Story 2. Overview of Current System 3. Key Challenges & Opportunities 4. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) and Resource Recovery 5. Next Generation WTE Facility 2 From Past to Present FromTransformationDirect landfilling From…and1st waste refuse-to collection-energy plant Of living conditions Ulu Pandan (1979) Lim ChuTransformation KangChinatownChoa Chu Kang of the FromSingapore illegal River street hawkers Tuas (1986) Tuas South (2000) to Lorongal Halusfresco …to Offshore landfill Senoko (1992) Keppel Seghers (2009) 3 Overview of our Waste Management System Consumers Collection 2% Landfill Commercial & Residential Waste Generated Non-Incinerable Waste Retails 20,588 t/d 468 t/d Reduce Ash 1,995 t/d Reuse 60% Waste Recycled 12,250 t/d 38% Incinerable Waste Factories & 7,870 t/d Industries Electricity–2,690 MWh/d Producers Recycle 2014 figures Sustainable Singapore Blueprint 2015 (http://www.mewr.gov.sg/ssb/) • Towards “A Zero Waste Nation” • Achieve 70% overall recycling rate by 2030 4 Singapore Hot & Humid Climate Area : 718.3 sq km Population : 5.47 million Key Challenge : Scarcity of Land 5 Key Challenges – Waste Growth and Land Scarcity Singapore’s waste generation increased about 7 folds over the past 40 years Index At this rate of waste growth… 4.00 New waste-to-energy GDP 7-10 years 3.00 Current Population: 5.47 mil Land Area: 718 km2 Semakau Landfill Population Density : 7,615 per km2 2030-2035 2.00 Population 30-35 years New offshore landfill 1.00 Waste Disposal 8,338 tonnes/day (2014) But… 1,200 tonnes/day (1970) 0.00 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year there will be less & less land available 6 Opportunities – Environmental Sustainability To enhance the sustainability of our system as solutions to the waste growth challenge are being developed Minimisation / Prevention • Promote efficient use of resources in production processes • Promote 3Rs & waste segregation at source in homes & businesses Recycling • Maximise resource recovery from waste • Adopt better recycling methods to sustain clean environment Waste-to-Energy / Volume Reduction • Adopt innovative technology to maximise energy recovery, minimise ash & land use Landfill • Minimise waste to landfill 7 Waste-to-Energy Facilities in Singapore 1st Plant : Ulu Pandan WtE Plant 2nd Plant : Tuas WtE Plant 4th Plant : Tuas South WtE Plant (Decomm in 2009) Government owned & operated Government owned and operated What’s 1979 1986 1992 2000 2009 Next? 3rd Plant : Senoko WTE Plant 5th Plant : Keppel Seghers Tuas Privatised in 2009 PPP DBOO approach – Design, Build, Own & Operate 8 6th Waste to Energy Facility Project Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme Design, Build, Own and Operate (DBOO) Model Expected operation end 2018. WTE Facility Domestic & industrial solid waste 90% waste volume reduction > 2,400 tonnes/day > 24% net efficiency This is an artist impression of a possible design 9 Benchmarks for WTE Facilities • Increase Energy Efficiency: > 600 kWh/t of net electricity recovery Conventional Medium High Pressure Plant Pressure Operating 40 bar, 400°C 60 bar, 450°C 120 bar, 480°C Parameters T/G system Air cool Air cool Water cool Energy Efficiency 10-20% > 24% > 30 % • Increase Land Use Efficiency: > 450 tonne per day / hectare 10 Energy from Waste for Utility Steam WTE Facility Capacity: process up to 1,000 t/d industrial & commercial solid waste Produce 140 tonnes per hour of steam to serve the needs of petrochemical manufacturers on Jurong Island Expected operation in early 2016 11 Source: http://www.volund.dk/~/media/Downloads/Brochures_-_WTE/Sembcorp_-_Singapore.pdf?la=en Biomass to Energy Steam Trigeneration • Utility purposes for industries Gardens by the Bay • Drying of Spent • Electricity Grains • Thermal Heat • Chilled Water Electricity(Gardens by the Bay) • Supplied to Grid • Internal electricity consumption Next Generation WTE - Integrated Waste Management Facility WATER-ENERGY-WASTE NEXUS 1. Maximise Resource Recovery 3. Minimise Environmental Impact & Land Footprint • Handle multiple waste streams: - MSW, source-segregated recyclables, source-segregated food waste and treated • Technology used water sludge • Design layout • Material Recovery prior to WtE • Stringent Emission standards process, e.g. MRF • Recovery of ferrous and non- ferrous metals from ash 4. Co-locate Synergy Integrated Waste • IWMF co-locate with used water Management Facility reclamation plant (WRP) (IWMF) - Synergy on sharing power and water needs 2. Maximise Energy Recovery - co-digest food waste and used water sludge - optimizing land use • WtE Technology that maximise energy and electricity production 5. Incorporate Waste • Minimum internal electricity Management Education Centre consumption • Raise public awareness & help shape behaviour on sustainable waste management 13 Incineration Bottom Ash (IBA) Metal Recovery Capacity: process up to 1,800 t/d of IBA Resource recovery: 90% of the ferrous metals of size above 4mm and a non- ferrous metals above 2mm Expected operation 3Q15 Resultant IBA could be further treated for use as building and fill materials for land reclamation Increase resource recovery and extend lifespan of Semakau Landfill 14 Semakau Landfill A unique environmental solution created entirely out of sea space Commenced operation on 1 April 1999 Area : 350 hectares 15 Safeguard • Nurture • Cherish.
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