Student's Learning Trail Booklet (Primary)
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PRIMARY Learning @ Sengkang FloatingTrail Wetland Contents Welcome to Sengkang Floating Wetland 1 Learning on this Trail 2 Our Water Story 3 The Punggol-Serangoon Reservoir Scheme 4 The Water Cycle and Journey of Water 5 What is at Sengkang Floating Wetland? 6 Physical Conditions at Punggol Reservoir 7 The Largest Man-made Floating Wetland in Singapore 8 Animals at Punggol Reservoir 10 Plants at Punggol Reservoir 12 Keeping Punggol Reservoir Active, Beautiful and Clean 13 Your Reflections 14 Extension Activity 15 NEWater Visitor Centre and Marina Barrage 16 Copyright © PUB, Singapore’s national water agency 2011. Revised 2017. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publishers. For more information, please visit us at www.pub.gov.sg/getinvolved. Welcome to Floating Wetland You are now at Sengkang Floating Wetland in Punggol Reservoir. Come and discover the Singapore Water Story through this reservoir. The Singapore Water Story tells of how our small city-state, which used to face huge challenges such as droughts and pollution, transformed into a global hydrohub and City of Gardens and Water. Our water supply today comes from four sources of water known as the Four National Taps. They are Local Catchment Water, Imported Water, NEWater and Desalinated Water. The Punggol Reservoir is a reservoir built under the Punggol-Serangoon Reservoir Scheme. This Scheme involves damming up the river mouths in order to create two reservoirs. The Sengkang Floating Wetland is Singapore’s largest man-made floating wetland. It is developed as a project under the Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters (ABC Waters) Programme. This aims to transform our drains, canals and reservoirs into beautiful and vibrant streams, rivers and lakes, and to bring people closer to water. The wetland here provides a natural habitat for birds and fishes, and helps to cleanse the water in the reservoir. We hope that as you learn about our waters and the diversity of life it supports, you will appreciate this precious resource and help to take care of our waters. Have fun! PUB, the national water agency Hi Trail Detective! We need you to record some important things at Sengkang Floating Wetland! Draw or photograph these things along the trail: Singapore is our home. This is where we belong. Be a responsible citizen and care for our waters. Keep our waters clean. Something that does not The largest Floating Wetland belong in the reservoir. in Singapore. 1 Learning on this Trail The Sengkang Floating Wetland is situated in Punggol Reservoir, Singapore’s 16th reservoir. The key feature here is the floating wetland, Singapore’s first large-scale man-made floating wetland. There are many themes you will discover on this trail. Punggol Reservoir and Local Catchment Water ABC Water Waters is Programme Precious Life at Food Sengkang Chains Floating and Food Wetland Web Why is water precious to you? 2 Our W a te r S to ry The Four National Taps Singapore’s water supply comes from four sources 1 2 known as the Four National Taps. Local Imported Catchment st Water 1 National Tap - Local Catchment Water Water Rainwater that falls on our island is collected in our rivers, drains and canals. It is then channelled to our reservoirs for our water supply. 3 4 nd NEWater Desalinated 2 National Tap - Imported Water Water Singapore imports water from Johor, Malaysia. 3rd National Tap - NEWater NEWater is produced by treating used water with advanced technology. It is ultra clean and safe to drink. Because it is so clean, NEWater can also be supplied to industries such as wafer fabrication plants. 4th National Tap - Desalinated Water Singapore uses a process called desalination to remove salt from seawater to obtain fresh water. With the completion of Ensuring sufficient water to meet Singapore’s Punggol and Serangoon needs is important to Singapore’s success. Reservoirs, how much of We have built a diversified and robust water Singapore’s land area is supply through the Four National Taps. United, used to collect rainwater? N determined and well-prepared, we have what it takes to build a bright future for ourselves and progress together as one nation. Where is Punggol Reservoir? Punggol Reservoir is located in the north east region of Singapore. It is part of the Punggol-Serangoon Reservoir Scheme to provide more water for Singaporeans by creating two new reservoirs - Punggol Reservoir and Serangoon Reservoir. Upper Seletar Lower Seletar Kranji Punggol Pulau Tekong Sarimbun Serangoon Murai Poyan Tengeh Upper Peirce Lower Peirce Jurong Lake MacRitchie Pandan Bedok Marina Reservoirs in Singapore 3 Dams were built across the river mouths of Punggol and Serangoon Rivers in order to create two reservoirs. Locate these dams on the map. N Dyke Timor-Barat Dam Pulau Straits of Johor Punggol Barat Pulau Ubin Pulau Punggol Punggol Dam and Timor Tidal Gates Serangoon West Dam Coney Reservoir Island Sengkang Floating Punggol Punggol Wetland Waterway Punggol Way Serangoon East Dam and Tampines Tidal Gates Anchorvale Street Expressway Punggol Road (TPE) Reservoir Sengkang West Way Jalan Kayu Sengkang East Way Serangoon Lorong Halus Wetland Sengkang West Ave We have no natural aquifers or lakes and little land to collect rainwater, so we create reservoirs by damming the major rivers. As citizens, we are responsible for Singapore’s survival, and we need to find our own way to survive and prosper as a nation, turning challenges into opportunities. 4 Th e W a te r Cy c l e and Journey of W a te r The water cycle or hydrological cycle is how the earth’s water recycles itself. The cycle includes precipitation, evaporation, condensation, and transpiration. Earth’s water keeps changing from liquid water to vapour and then back again. This cycle happens because of the sun’s heat and gravity. The water cycle is important because it ensures the availability of water for all living things. Rainwater that falls into the Punggol Reservoir and surrounding areas is stored in this reservoir. The water is then pumped into a treatment plant to be cleaned and disinfected before it is distributed to homes and industries. Clouds CONDENSATION Rain TRANSPIRATION EVAPORATION TRANSPIRATION PRECIPITATION Urban Areas Rainwater Mangrove Trees Trees run-off flows Sengkang Floating into drains which leads to Wetland the reservoir. Surface run-off water flows into the reservoir. Groundwater Punggol- erangoon Pumping tation Flow S S Punggol Reservoir This station pumps water from Punggol Reservoir to Upper Peirce Reservoir for storage. Taps Water Treatment Plant Here, water is treated using physical and Homes chemical methods (including membrane technology) and disinfected. It is then Schools and distributed to homes, schools, offices and Public Buildings industries for our daily use. Upper Peirce Reservoir Industries We can get water easily by turning on our taps. But we should also use this precious resource wisely. Singapore has managed to reduce domestic water consumption to 151 litres today. That is approximately 1 0 1 x 1.5-litre bottles. Practise good water saving habits to save water at home, and in school! 5 Wh at is at Floating W e tl a n d ? Explore and observe what is around you. Every Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters (ABC Waters) site has unique features that bring people closer to our waters where families and friends can gather and enjoy these new community spaces. Look around you. Can you spot the following features at Sengkang Floating Wetland? 1 In line with the fruity theme, many local fruit trees have been planted in the park. 2 The Viewing Gallery is a space for holding events and for people to enjoy the reservoir! Visitor Centre CP Anchorvale Street Anchorvale 2 Community Club You are now at Sengkang Sengkang Floating Riverside Park Sengkang Sports & Recreational Centre Wetland. Please do 1 Road Anchorvale not litter. CP 3 CP CP 4 N Sengkang West Way LEGEND Path Floating Wetland Path Toilet Pavilion A fruit- themed floating deck, The Sengkang Floating Wetland 4 3 with a mangosteen pavilion is Singapore’s largest floating and orange- shaped seats. wetland measuring half the size of a football field. A bridge and floating boardwalk connect it to the Anchorvale Community Club and the Sengkang Riverside Park. 6 Physical Conditions at Pu n g g o l R e s e rv o i r Besides food and air, living things need water to grow and live. Good water quality is essential for living things to thrive. The most common standards used to assess water quality relate to health of ecosystems, safety of human contact and drinking water. What do you think the water quality is like? Does it support life? Collect some water, make some observations and think about the importance of clean water. Date and time of measurement: Weather at time of measurement e.g. sunny / rainy / cloudy / OBSERVATION ANALYSIS SMELL AND COLOUR OF WATER READING ANALYSIS TEMPERATURE OBSERVATION ANALYSIS CLARITY (Turbidity) OBSERVATION OTHER PARAMETERS Conclusion about the water quality at Sengkang Floating Wetland in Punggol Reservoir. 7 Plants on the wetland can help to clean our waters. These special plants clean the water by taking up nutrients for their growth. These emergent plants have roots on the mats that penetrate into the water. Their stems, leaves and flowers are above the water surface. Find out what these plants are and how they keep our waters clean. Cross-section of a Floating Wetland Wetland Plants They provide shelter and food for animals Did you know? in and around the reservoir. They also beautify the wetland.