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National Conservation Strategy – Paving the W Ay for SEA in Pakistan

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National Conservation Strategy – Paving the W Ay for SEA in Pakistan IUCN Pakistan National Conservation Strategy – Paving the W ay for SEA in Pakistan A Case Study for the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Five Year Plan 2005-2010 1 IUCN‘s Input to Brown Sector Component of Environment Chapter Contents Acronyms & Abbreviations 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................1 2. Background.............................................................................................................................2 3. Links to other policies, plans and programs...........................................................................3 4. Biodiversity, the general meaning of biodiversity in the SEA .................................................5 5. Operationalization...................................................................................................................6 6. Transparency & stakeholder involvement...............................................................................6 7. Biodiversity in the different stages of the SEA process..........................................................7 7.1 Screening............................................................................................................................7 7.2 Scoping...............................................................................................................................7 7.3 Assessment........................................................................................................................8 7.4 Decision making.................................................................................................................9 7.5 Monitoring...........................................................................................................................9 8. General Observations on the case study or case studies....................................................10 Bibliography...................................................................................................................................11 National Conservation Strategy œ Paving the W ay for SEA in Pakistan i A Case Study for the Convention on Biological Diversity Acronym s & Abbreviations CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of W ild Flora and Fauna EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency EUAD Environment and Urban Affairs Division GoP Government of Pakistan IEE Initial Environmental Examination IGF Inspector General Forests IUCN The W orld Conservation Union NCCW National Council for the Conservation of W ildlife NCS National Conservation Strategy NEAP National Environmental Action Plan NOC No Objection Certificate PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act PEPO Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment UNEP United Nations‘ Environment Program W CS W orld Conservation Strategy National Conservation Strategy œ Paving the W ay for SEA in Pakistan ii A Case Study for the Convention on Biological Diversity National Conservation Strategy – Paving the W ay for SEA in Pakistan A Case Study for Convention on Biological Diversity 1. Introduction The Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance of 1983 made Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) a legal requirement in the country. Later the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) of 1997 further strengthened and supported the EIA process. Although SEA is not a legal requirement in Pakistan and has not as such been practiced in the country, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) look-alike processes have been in practice for a several years now. As acknowledged by the gurus of SEA, any process which incorporates inputs of the relevant stakeholders in a policy, legislation, plan or program, and ensures that it supports other policies and does not contradict them, towards the betterment of the environment, is an SEA. If this definition holds there are several examples within Pakistan which qualify as SEAs. Some of the prominent examples are the National Conservation Strategy (NCS), Sarhad Provincial Conservation Strategy, Balochistan Conservation Strategy, Northern Areas Conservation Strategy, Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, revision of National Environmental Quality Standards, National W ater Policy, etc. The most prominent example is the preparation of National Conservation Strategy which undertook consultations with a wide range of stakeholders over a three year period. The stakeholders represented government, private sector, academia, civil society and common people. This case study is going to review the process of the preparation of the National Conservation Strategy (NCS), how it helped in bringing to the fore biodiversity related concerns and how to address them at the planning level, and the resemblance between the NCS process followed and the SEA process currently being practiced elsewhere. The Federal Cabinet's approval of the National Conservation Strategy (NCS) on March 1, 1992 was a major milestone in Pakistan's environmental history. This 406-page document was prepared by a team of experts over a three-year period through a partnership between the Government of Pakistan and IUCN. It involved more than 3,000 people through workshops and direct and indirect consultations. The NCS has three overriding objectives: conservation of natural resources, sustainable development, and improved efficiency in the use and management of resources. These, in turn, depend on three principles: achieving greater public partnership in development and environmental management; merging environment and economics in decision-making; and focusing on durable improvements in the quality of life in Pakistan. The preparation of NCS involved both the federal and provincial levels of government. The initial request for the formulation of NCS was made by the National Council for the Conservation of W ildlife to IUCN Headquarters in Gland, Switzerland. Since NCS was considered largely an environmental plan, it was by default to be housed in Environment and Urban Affairs Division (EUAD) of the Ministry of Housing. However, the designers/ initiators of NCS realized that for the Strategy to be successfully prepared and implemented, the ownership of the document should reside within the Planning Commission œ the most influential and powerful planning department in the country. Their efforts were rewarded and the high powered NCS Steering Committee was chaired by the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, who is one of Pakistan‘s most influential bureaucrats. National Conservation Strategy œ Paving the W ay for SEA in Pakistan 1 A Case Study for the Convention on Biological Diversity 2. Background During the last decade of the past century Pakistan was seen as one of the few countries of the developing world where environmental considerations were given significant weightage in the national planning process. Though still far from achieving the desired goals of improving the environmental conditions, the country continues to engage itself through a process that focuses on the achievement of desired changes in the precipitation and attitudes towards environmental factors. The NCS describes the stark reality of the country‘s deteriorating resource base and its implications for what is still largely a natural resource-based economy. It sets forth the beginnings of a plan to integrate environmental concerns into virtually every aspect of Pakistani economic life. The formulation of the Pakistan National Conservation Strategy was both a product (the document) and a process œ consensus building and the mobilization of a constituency of support. The product brought together the greatest number of experts ever in Pakistan to focus on the way their sectors affect and in turn are affected by the environment. By undertaking this exercise they became sensitive to environmental concerns, and developed a pool of expertise that had never existed before. The process œ workshops, seminars, public hearings, and lectures œ created a constituency of people who have taken the central tenets of the NCS to heart and have spun off a plethora of activities and institutions that has created a momentum: that of an environmental movement. The formal goal of the NCS is the transformation of attitudes and practices and influencing the consumption patterns. The NCS comprises 14 core areas: maintaining the soil in croplands; ñ increasing irrigation efficiency; ñ protecting watersheds; ñ supporting forestry and plantations; ñ restoring range land and improving livestock; ñ protecting water bodies and sustaining fisheries; ñ conserving biodiversity; ñ increasing energy efficiency; ñ developing and deploying renewable; ñ preventing/abating pollution; managing urban waste; ñ supporting institutions for the common resources; and ñ integrating population and environment programmes and preserving cultural heritage. The genesis of the NCS is an interesting example of a successful relationship between an indigenous process which drew its support from both within and outside the government, an international organization (IUCN) that provided the initial impetus and identified most of the external advisors, and a foreign donor (CIDA œ Canadian International Development Agency). In Pakistan, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) became a legal requirement under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance
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