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Labor Conditions in the Tuna Sector of Bitung, Indonesia Annex I

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Labor Conditions in the Tuna Sector of Bitung, Indonesia Annex I Labor Conditions in the Tuna Sector B I T U N G , I N D O N E S I A The USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership (USAID Oceans) 2018 Release Date: December 2018 Contract Number: AID-486-C-15-00001 Contract Period: May 15, 2015 to May 13, 2020 Submitted by: Verité Telephone: +1 413 253 9227 Email: Allison Arbib, [email protected] Website: www.verite.com This document was produced by Verité for the USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership, a United States Agency for International Development/Regional Development Mission for Asia (USAID/RDMA) Activity. Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 4 Methodology ....................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Research Objectives and Background ..................................................................................... 7 1.2 Research Phases ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Research Design and Sampling .................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Analytic Framework .................................................................................................................. 10 1.5 Limitations .................................................................................................................................... 11 1.6 Informed Consent and Confidentiality .................................................................................. 12 Overview of Indonesia’s Tuna Sector ........................................................ 12 2.1 Economics and Supply Chain ................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Foreign Vessel Moratorium ..................................................................................................... 14 2.3 Bitung Tuna Sector Supply Chain ........................................................................................... 15 Findings from Field Research ........................................................................ 23 3.1 Demographics of Workers Interviewed ............................................................................... 23 3.2 Worker Earnings ........................................................................................................................ 27 3.3 Health and Safety ........................................................................................................................ 30 3.4 Child Labor Findings .................................................................................................................. 31 Recommendations .......................................................................................... 33 4.1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 33 4.2 General Guidance on Social CDTS Applications ................................................................ 33 4.3 Potential Social Applications of CDTS by Issue .................................................................. 36 4.4 Current Data Availability and Recommendations for Improvement ............................. 50 Conclusion: Reflections and Lessons Learned .......................................... 52 5.1 CDTS Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 53 5.2 Methodology: Strengths and Limitations .............................................................................. 54 USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership Page 1 of 83 Assessment of Labor Conditions in the Tuna Sector of Bitung, Indonesia Annex I. ILO Indicators of Forced Labor ........................................................... 55 Annex II. Logbook Example .................................................................................. 57 Annex III. Worker Interview Guidance Tool .................................................... 58 Annex IV. Example Base Codes of Conduct and Voluntary Company Standards .......................................................................................................... 61 Annex V. Legal and Regulatory Frameworks ..................................................... 68 List of Figures Figure 1: Number of Sea-based Workers Interviewed by Type ................................................................... 8 Figure 2: Number of Land-based Workers Interviewed by Type ................................................................. 8 Figure 3: Overview of Indonesian tuna supply chain and actors ................................................................. 14 Figure 4: Global Supply Chain .............................................................................................................................. 19 Figure 5: Supply Chain from Tahuna to Bitung ................................................................................................ 23 Figure 6: Tuna Catch Sharing between Fishers and Boat Owners ............................................................. 27 List of Tables Table 1: Local Worker/Community Informant Interview Summary ............................................................ 9 Table 2: Other Stakeholder Interviews ............................................................................................................. 10 Table 3: Tuna Processing in Bitung ..................................................................................................................... 19 Table 4: Tuna Grading and Pricing in Sangihe .................................................................................................. 21 Table 5: Current Costs to Tahuna Traders for Common Goods .............................................................. 22 Table 6: Specifications of Common Boat Types .............................................................................................. 24 Table 7: Examples of Fishers’ Earnings and Sample Wage Calculations .................................................... 27 Table 8: Hiring Practices, Wages, and Benefits ............................................................................................... 30 Table 9. Improved Labor Goals and Minimum KDEs ..................................................................................... 47 Table 10: Sources for Recommended KDEs .................................................................................................... 51 USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership Page 2 of 83 Assessment of Labor Conditions in the Tuna Sector of Bitung, Indonesia Acronyms and Abbreviations ACDS ASEAN Catch Documentation Scheme ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources BPJS Indonesian Health Insurance CDTS Catch Documentation and Traceability System CTI-CFF Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security DKP Provincial and District Level Ministry of Maritime and Fishery DOMAFs District Offices for Marine Affairs and Fisheries EAFM Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone FIS Fisheries Information System FMA Fisheries Management Area IUU Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (fishing) JAMSOSTEK Indonesian Social Security KDE Key Data Element KELOLA NGO based in Manado focused on livelihood and organizing of fisherfolk communities KIARA Peoples Coalition of Fisheries Justice KKP Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (Ministry of Maritime and Fishery) KTP Kartu Tanda Penduduk (Indonesian National IDs) MDPI Yayasan Masyarakat dan Perikanan Indonesia MMAF Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries NGO Non-governmental Organization POMAFs Provincial Offices for Marine Affairs and Fisheries PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPP Public-Private Partnership RVIA Web record of vessels authorized to fish within Indonesian archipelagic waters SEAFDEC Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center SFMP Sustainable Fisheries Management Plan SLO Maritime and Fishery Department (Surak Laik Operasi) (Fishing Permit) SMS Short Message Service SSME Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion SEAFDEC Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center USAID United States Agency for International Development USAID Oceans USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership Activity USG United States Government Glossary of Local Terms Anfrag Logistics needed for every fishing trip Bas Person in charge of the engine Katinting Small boat with single engine Kep Boat captain Koki Cook; person assigned to prepare and provide food on boat Pakura Wooden dinghy boat to support the main fishing boat Rumpon Buoy to mark the fishing ground USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership Page 3 of 83 Assessment of Labor Conditions in the Tuna Sector of Bitung, Indonesia Executive Summary Background The USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership (USAID Oceans) is a program designed to combat illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing and protect marine biodiversity in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition to protecting marine biodiversity and enhancing sustainability, the program’s focus on related human welfare issues, such as gender equality and labor rights, addresses the multi-faceted and interrelated nature of social and environmental challenges. As part of the project, Tetra Tech ARD is working with regional partners to develop a Catch Documentation Traceability System (CDTS) that
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