Palas®Particular Nr. 2 | 2007 Information for customers and partners of Palas® GmbH

New test rig guarantees Dear Readers, highest quality By the close exchange with Exclusive service for the calibration of aerosol generators our partners and customers we are acquainted with the chal- lenges arising in practice. Again Since middle of 2007, the Pa- upon the manufac- and again it can be seen that on- las® measuring laboratory has turer, only within the ly with individual solutions we been working at full capacity. concentration range achieve together our aim. The This is due to a new test rig offe- between 103 - 2x105 “improvised” soot generation de- ring an unrivalled wide spectrum particles/cm3. There- scribed in this edition is such a for calibrations. For approximate- fore, the test aerosol case. The highly-special require- ly four months the faultless quali- must be made mea- ments of our customers are the ty of each Palas® aerosol genera- surable first. That reason why our service is not li- tor has been backed up with this happens in the new mited to the established Palas® fluidic-optimised and stably wor- calibration test rig. In product range. Our task compri- king test rig. contrast, so called ses also the realisation of tech- With the new calibration test rig, clean room counters nical special solutions together the device parameters of aerosol are not suitable for with our customers. Often, new generators regarding particle size the calibration of products have their seeds in this and particle concentration can be such test aerosols. continuous development work. clearly determined. This applies to „For calibration, Practice proximity is very impor- most different dusts, salt particles the aerosol genera- tant also with the development of and droplets as well as to the di- tor is attached to the technical standards. Especially verse operating conditions and aerosol processing on international level it is impor- setting parameters of the different tube“, describes Möl- tant to consider the experience of aerosol generators. ter the procedure. Measurable quality: The new Palas® test rig German companies as well. The- „This test rig was originally con- There is a tube for refore, Palas® employees colla- ceived only for internal quality dust particles, a tube borate in different DIN, ISO and control“ says Palas® Managing for liquid droplets such as DEHS with the aerosol spectrometer VDI committees. Director Leander Mölter. Now, the and a tube for salt particles. In the welas® according to the guide- new calibration test rig serves no aerosol processing tube, the aero- lines VDI 3867 and/or ISO/DIS Leander Mölter longer only for the outgoing in- sol is distributed homogeneously 21501-1. The size classification Managing Director spection of the Palas® aerosol ge- over the cross section. The sam- accuracy and the size resolution Palas® GmbH nerators. Palas® offers also its cu- pling takes place in an isokinetic are proven reliably over the mea- stomers and its partners an unusual way, i.e. at constant speed and in suring range. In addition, the service with this test rig. The main- vertical arrangement. Thus it is en- welas® system has a coincidence In this edition: tenance of the aerosol generator sured that one gets also large par- detection. Cover topic: New test rig is done with this test rig – in case ticles of for example 40 µm repre- Not only generators made by guarantees highest quality of ambiguities a broad and fast di- sentatively into the measuring Palas® are calibrated Practice: Practical filter testing agnostics can be placed. device. Technically unusual: the in- with open flame flow can be alternatively adjusted Not only generators made by The test aerosols must be Customers: Hollingsworth & to pressure, suction, circulating air Palas® are calibrated. Also com- made measurable Vose or mixture operation. The volume mercial aerosol generators made Development: welas® system „The quality of the measurement flow can be variably set stably by other manufacturers can be covers wide measuring results obtained with test aerosols between 40 and 600 m3/h with sounded out with this test rig. Möl- spectrum depends on the reliable calibrati- an accuracy of one per cent of the ter assures: „Everyone having its Development: Palas® on of the used generators“, ex- final value. generator tested with us gets from collaboration in standards plains Mölter. Commercial aero- The measurement of the particle us naturally a Palas® calibration committees sol spectrometers can measure concentration and of the particle certificate including the current va- Internal: Retrospect 21st ATS coincidence-freely, depending size distribution is accomplished lues of the calibrated device.“

Palas®Particular 2 | 2007  Palas® Practice Practical filter testing with open flame Improvised soot generator shows filter performance of nanofibres

The automotive industry continu- no test equipment was available” ously requires new and innovative describes Mr. Schnieders the star- concepts to increase the perfor- ting position. ”The soot emission mance of filter media. The efficient from the Palas® VSG-3000 simply capturing of fine particular matter is too high. The particle concentra- – above all soot – currently is the tion of the VSG-3010C, designed main scope of these discussions. for calibration of the big genera- The Hollingsworth & Vose Com- tor, on the other hand is too low to pany (USA) develops filter me- get useful results in an acceptable dia which are coated with nano- time.“ fibres. The use of such nanofibre Test results using a “camping coated filter media in field tests ha- stove” ve shown great improvement with much higher efficiencies compa- Based on the Palas® principle of red to conventional cellulose pa- generating soot using a combusti- pers for the finest particles. Beside on process an improvised solution „Real Diesel soot “ on filter test system this, the life of the filter media is ex- has been found, giving amazing tended as well. results. A simple paraffin flame ted with the AGK-2000 aerosol thing‘ particles from brakes, unceremoniously has been used generator from Palas®, have wheels and road dust – all these How to show the filter as soot generator, “supplying an shown the same advantages and will be part of the overall particle performance of nanofibres? unexpectedly constant soot gene- improvements of the nanofibres as mixture. Therefore the next task is It is difficult to show the benefits ration source”, according to Mr. they have shown with soot - even if to approach the real life condi- of nanofibres in filtration if the me- Schnieders. This ‚generator‘ has the particle characteristics of tions much better.” In cooperation dia is tested in the laboratory, re- been combined with the Palas® NaCl and soot are quite different. with the Palas® company the possi- ports Immo Schnieders from Hol- MMTC- 2000 test equipment for bility of a soot generator is evalua- What is the particle distributi- lingsworth & Vose Company. ”The cleanable filter media to test the ted as well as the possibility to si- on in the `real world`? standardized tests using AC Fine nanofibre media with soot. With mulate soot-conditions with aerosol test dust do not reflect the merits of success: „The reproducibility of According to Mr. Schnieders, generators, which are able to ad- the nanofibre coated media. Of the results certainly is only partial- there are still more open questions: just the appropriate particle sizes course there is recognizable im- ly verified“, explains Mr. Schnie- “What is the particle distribution quite easily using different particle provement of the efficiency, but ders, „but with the improvised in the `real world`? If one is only size distributions of the NaCl solu- the advantages of such media in a equipment we are able to show measuring with soot it is not consi- tions. fine particular environment are not the strong differences for nano- dered that trucks are also ‚brea- shown. This makes the commer- fibre coated media if they are cialization of such media more dif- measured with ´real´ soot and ® ficult”. Furthermore the tests have we can demonstrate the huge be-  Palas Customers not shown the increased life of the nefit of nanofibres in the capture nanofibre media due to the fact of finest soot particles“. that existing test standards are not Of course this is not a really ri- comparable to real life conditions. gorous scientific work, confesses “The particle size distribution of Schnieders, but the results are an  Hollingsworth & Vose is one The expertise and process capa- the standard AC Fine test dust with important basis to adapt the exi- of the worldwide leading manu­ bilities include wet laid, dry laid, the presence of extremely large sting test protocols towards more facturers of special papers and melt blown, and composite tech- particles is not comparable to soot realistic conditions and to develop nonwovens for technical appli- nologies. - which is a heightened area of filter media for fine particle emissi- cations. With its advanced R&D Hollingsworth & Vose is opera- concern in the debate of fine par- ons. and pilot manufacturing facilities, ting twelve manufacturing sites ticular matter”, says Mr. Schnie- Together with Martin Schmidt Hollingsworth & Vose drives va- in Europe, North America and ders. As consequence the test pro- from Palas® alternatives are now lue in their customers‘ products Asia. Since 2007 a new ma- tocol has to be adapted towards being evaluated. The adjustment by inventing next-generation ma- nufacturing site in China, near more real life conditions. of the VSG system with constant terials with superior performance. Shanghai, belongs to the com- and reproducible intermediate soot H&V products are found in appli- pany. Filter testing in the lab using emissions is certainly feasible. cations such as engine filtration, Contact: real soot A further possibility is the use of high efficiency air and liquid fil- Hollingsworth&Vose Company 112 Washington Street The focus of the work was to an aerosol generator, which is al- tration, battery separators, gas- East Walpole, MA 02032, USA find out, how flat sheets can be te- so able to generate particles in ket materials, and specialty and Phone: +1 508-850-2000 sted in the laboratory with real so- the sub-micron range. Results with industrial nonwovens. Fax: +1 508-668-3557 E-mail: [email protected] ot. “For such small flat sheet areas Sodium Chloride (NaCl), genera- www.hovo.com

Palas®Particular 2 | 2007 Palas® Development welas® system covers wide measuring spectrum New welas® sensor 2500 for low concentrations

The welas® system now covers ency of filter media. logy that allows measurements in an even wider measuring spec- The new welas® sensor 2500 areas being difficult to access, e.g. trum. The new welas® sensor allows for instance measurements in chimneys or passenger com- 2500 allows particle measure- of oilmist and soot particles during partments. The evaluation unit can ments also in very low concentra- formation and of radioactive parti- be installed up to 60 metres away tions. “We now cover almost the culate material. It can also be from the sensors. With welas® complete range of possible appli- used for tests of filter media up to 3000, even a quasi simultaneous cations with the welas® system”, inclusively filter class H 13. measurement at two measuring example for measurement up- says Palas® Managing Director Among other things, final filters points is possible. Depending on stream the filter with a high con- Leander Mölter, “from measure- for clean rooms, final filters in civil the measurement task, welas® sen- centration and downstream the fil- ments in a maximum concentrati- protection systems, but also ex- sors with different concentration ter with a very low concentration. on of 7x102 P/cm3 with the new haust air filters in nuclear installa- ranges can be combined for welas® sensor 2500 up to mea- tions can be examined. surements in a maximum concen- Measurements in different tration of 2x105 P/cm³ with the ® fields with just one control unit Overview of the welas sensors welas® sensor 2100S.” (series 2000/3000): With the diverse sensors, the Apart from the large applica- ® welas system is now suitable for tion spectrum, a further advantage welas® 2100S: welas® 2300: ® different fields of application. It of the welas system is the fast ad- measurement up to a max. con- measurement up to a max. con- can be used for the gauging of justment to most different measu- centration of 2x105 P/cm³ centration of 7x103 P/cm3 medical nebulisers (MDI/DPI) and ring requirements by the simple welas® 2100: welas® 2500: filter tests according to ISO 5011 exchange of the sensors. Due to measurement up to a max. con- measurement up to a max. con- with 1000 mg/m³ ISO Fine dust the various combination options, centration of 105 P/cm³ centration of 7x102 P/cm3 as well as for measurements in ve- the user needs for all measuring welas® 2200: welas® 7000S: ry low concentrations of the clean tasks just one control and evaluati- measurement up to a max. con- isothermal measurement up to a room class 100.000 or for deter- on unit. A big advantage is also centration of 104 P/cm3 max. concentration of 105 P/cm3 mining the initial fractional effici- the patented optical fibre techno-

Palas® collaboration in standards committees

Palas® incorporates its longtime test of car interior filters is red-hot”. experience in development work However, the participation of Pa- and practical use into the formu- las® is not only limited to the com- lation of safe standards in the par- mittee meetings. “Palas® emplo- ticle and filter technology. Mana- yees participate actively in ging Director Leander Mölter and comparative measurements with Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Martin Schmidt, which the comparability of filter Technical Sales Manager, are test systems is being examined members of several ISO-/DIN- and improved” says Schmidt. optical aerosol spectrometers: ging Director Mölter is currently and VDI-committees. Beyond that Palas® joins in ISO how can the the concentration appointed to the technical commit- „Blow-by“ for oil separators as and the size of particles be deter- tee “Particle Measurement Tech- In the focus: filter test of car well as in ISO/CD 19713-1 and -2 mined? – a core competence of nology” of the VDI-society Process interior filters for the examination of engine air Palas®” says Mölter. Engineering and Chemical Engi- „A focus of our current collabo- intake filters. This standard is going neering (GVC). Always up to date due to ration in standards committees are to be adopted soon. Sometimes, Palas® hosts VDI committee work filter standards for the automobile Another subject area Palas® meetings on its premises. “Thus we industry” reports Mölter. The Pa- contributes to is the particle mea- “For the formulation of stan- can demonstrate our technology las® Managing Director contri- surement technology. Leander dards, the professional and practi- directly on site”, explains Schmidt. butes for example to technical spe- Mölter for example is member of cal expertise is decisive”, says The company itself benefits from cifications in the field of filter test in the committee for the normative Schmidt. “Last but not least, with the committee work as well: the German standards committee description of aerosol spectrome- our broad experiences we make “Thanks to our participation in the for motor vehicles (FAKRA). ters and their function in ISO/CD an important contribution. When different committees and working Due to the work on an internati- 21501-1. The task is the clear de- concrete questions and problems groups, the Palas® employees are onal level, Schmidt can deliver in- termination of the operating limit. arise, we are able to judge what is always up to date with regard to teresting information on this topic. „It is a matter of classification technically possible and what is technology and the new and revi- “Currently, ISO/TS 11155-1 filter accuracy and size resolution of not.” Among other things, Mana- sed standards.”

Palas®Particular 2 | 2007  Palas® Internal Retrospect: 21st Palas® ATS out that the generation of a repro- ducible test aerosol is the general problem of this measurement. Over 50 participants of this ences, always mirrors the current Another topic was the difficulty of year’s Aerosol-Technology-Semi- topics. so-called Round-Robin-Tests. A nar (ATS) gave kudos to Palas®. Apart from papers about parti- Round-Robin-Test is accomplished Latest developments and current cle technology, contributions to to determine the reproducibility of challenges in the filter industry, the key words fine dust and diesel a measurement device or of a test professional papers and inspiring soot were part of this year’s pro- system. A cappella singing in perfection discussions - like each year, the gramme. In his paper about the compari- Multiple Voice from Karlsruhe ATS 2007 provided a special fra- The seminar was opened by son of filter test systems according by Dipl.-Ing. Philipp Kopf from the mework to experts from industry Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Klenk from the to DIN 71460/ ISO/TS 11155-1 Institute of Mechanical Process En- and research for exchanging their Bergische Universität Wuppertal. using a homogeneous filter medi- gineering at the Stuttgart Universi- experiences and views. In his paper „Secondary dust cre- um, Leander Mölter from Palas® ty who reported on the “Determi- The ATS 2007 took place from ator ammonia – Performance of GmbH presented exemplary nation of the grade of filtration of measurement results by means of metal wire mesh with the help of a metal grid filter. Afterwards, this the capillary pressure method”. metal grid mesh was described The first seminar day was con- more closely by Dipl.-Ing. Walter cluded by an excellent knight’s Haver from the company Haver & meal at the Badisch Brewery in Boecker OHG, wire weaving mill Karlsruhe. In the relaxed and in- and machine works in Oelde. spiring atmosphere of this house, Title of his paper: “Exact determi- the participants could further dee- nation of the aperture size of me- pen and discuss the topics of the tal wire mesh”. He was followed day.

Herbert Hoffmann, Managing Director Technologiefabrik Karlsruhe, Palas® Ma- naging Director Leander Mölter and Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus G. Schmidt, IUTA e.V., Chairman of KRdL in VDI and DIN

October 14-16 at the Schlosshotel laboratory tests“, Klenk presented in Karlsruhe. The seminar, that was the connection between the reduc- held already for the 21st time, ope- tion of fine dust and the reduction ned traditionally on Sunday eve- of ammonia, SO2 and NOx emis- ning with a formal dinner at the sions. Schlosshotel. The a cappella Dr.-Ing. Stefan Haep from the In- group Multiple Voice arranged stitute for Energy and Environment Works outing into Palatinate for conviviality with their varied Technology e.V. (IUTA) reported In April 2007, the Palas® employees and their families were invited musical repertoire. on the diesel soot problem. In his to a works outing into the beautiful Palatinate. Meeting point was the The two-day ATS seminar, in paper “Fractional efficiency mea- base station in Rhodt unter Rietburg, from where everybody took the proven quality moderated by Prof. surement with soot particles – chair lift to the Rietburg castle. After a walking-tour, one met at the Dr. Christoph Helsper of the Aa- Comparison of diesel engine with Edesheim castle for a champagne reception. The evening was con- chen University of Applied Sci- combustion aerosol” he pointed cluded by a delicious buffet and a cosy get-together.  Palas® Agenda  Palas® Contact Palas® GmbH Palas® will participate in the following conferences and exhibitions (excerpt). Greschbachstr. 3B 76229 Karlsruhe , Germany We are looking forward to meeting you there! Tel.: +49 721 96213-0 Fax: +49 721 96213-33 E-Mail: [email protected] 9th Symposium „Textile VDI-Colloquium „Neue www.palas.de Automotive Testing Filter“ Entwicklungen bei der Editors Expo 2008 Europe 04.03. – 05.03.2008 Messung und Beurteilung Nina Heim, Claudia Matlak 06.05. - 08.05.2008 Chemnitz, Germany der Luftqualität” Words and Layout Stuttgart, Germany 24.06. - 25.06.2008 Clean Rooms Europe Andreas Mauritz - Public Relations Nuremberg, Germany ® 11.03. – 13.03.2008 Filtration & Separation Palas Particular is published Asia 2008 + 5th China  half-yearly. We are looking forward to Stuttgart, Germany TechnoPharm 2008 your suggestions and critical comments. International Filtration 30.09. - 02.10.2008 10th World Filtration Congress Exhibition & Conference Should you need further copies or Nuremberg, Germany should you want to recommend our 14.04. – 18.04.2008 28.05. – 30.05.2008 newsletter, please send us an e-mail Leipzig, Germany Shanghai, China with your contact details.

Palas®Particular 2 | 2007