ISSN 0967-3474 Southampton University Industrial Archaeology Group Journal www.hias.org.uk from Downloaded SjM'' V. i : ■& ! ' ^ >vi a mm. N o . 1 N o v e m b e r 1992 Southampton University Industrial Archaeology Group Journal www.hias.org.uk from Downloaded Published by Southampton University Archaeology Group ©Copyright 1992 individual authors and Southampton University Archaeology Group All rights reserved Editor: Dr Edwin Course ISSN 0967-3474 Produced by Wessex Archaeology Printed by Salisbury Printing www.hias.org.uk from Downloaded Contents Contributors........................................................................................................................................................ iii Editorial and Acknowledgements................................................................................................................. iv The Restoration of the Golden Lion Brewhouse, Southwick bif Pam Moore ............................................................................................................................................ 1 The Restoration of Bursledon Windmill by John Reynolds ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Watercress Growing in Hampshie: a Forgotten Industry? by Steve Fletcher and Dave Goodwin..........................................................................................................15 Restoring a Southampton Tram by Angela Smith........................................................................................................................................... 22 The Parallel-Motion Mechanism bylames Paffett..............................................................................................................................................29 SUIAG Monographs......................................................................................................................................... 32 The Contributors Pam Moore Hertfordshire, they found that, as with hops, Pam Moore is a freelance writer and lecturer. the growing of watercress was very localised She is secretary of SUIAG, Affiliated Societies' and that some of the main concentrations were Officer and a Council member of the to www.hias.org.ukbe found in Hampshire. Their article is the Association for Industrial Archaeology, a product of two weeks fieldwork in the county. member of the Council for British Archaeo­ logy's Industrial Archaeology Committee and A^i^la Smith Convener of the CBA's South-eastern Region Angela Smith is, by, profession, a cartographer Industrial Archaeology Panel. She edited fromA working for the Ordnance Survey in South­ Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Hampshire ampton. However, in association with her and the Isle of Wight (SUIAG 1984) and is the husband Nigel, she has for many years been author of The Industrial Heritage of Hampshire involved in industrial archaeology. In par­ and the Isle of Wight (Phillimore 1988). ticular she has contributed to the preservation movement in three apparently unrelated fields John Reynolds — flying boats, the Mid-Hants Railway, and John Reynolds began his working career as a Southampton street tram-cars. Her article deck officer in the Merchant Navy. Like many records the work of the Tram 57 Group on the seamen he 'swallowed the anchor', became an restoration of Southampton Car No. 11. architect, and, until his retirement, worked in Angela has been the editor of Focus, the news­ the Architects Department of Hampshire letter of SUIAG, since the first issue in 1973. County Council. He has been responsible for a numberDownloaded of restoration projects, including the James Paffett barn at Brownwich, but perhaps his most James Paffett began his working life in celebrated work has been the restoration of Portsmouth Dockyards. His career as a Naval Bursledon Windmill, which has recently won Architect thereafter included various appoint­ a national award. He is the author of a classic ments in the Ministry of Defence and the DTI book on Watermills and Windmills. and a period as Professor of Naval Architect­ ure at the Naval Academy in Greenwich. His Steve Fletcher and Dave Goodwin contribution to the journal springs from the Steve Fletcher and Dave Goodwin have type of question he is frequently asked, and embarked on an unusual study, namely the answers so ably, during the field visits of cultivation of watercress. Although based in SUIAG. Editorial and Acknowiedgements The Southampton University Industrial Archaeology Group has been publishing monographs since 1969 and a Newsletter since 1973. For some years members have felt that an annual journal should be added to our publications, and this is the first issue. Our policy will be to consider for publication any article about industrial archaeology, the history of technology, or economic history in Hampshire or, alternatively, any pieces written by members of SUIAG. A length of about 5000 words is welcome but anything between 1000 and 7000 words is acceptable (shorter piece may be more suitable for the Newsletter and longer might better be published as monographs). It is intended that the Journal should appear annually in the authumn. Comments on this 1992 edition would be most welcome, to help us to decide if there is to be a 1993 edition, and if so, suggestions for improvement We are particularly grateful to Dr Julie Gardiner and Wessex Archaeology for producing our journal and, of course, to our contributors. For drawings and photographs we are grateful to the following (in a few cases the source is unknown): Deane Clark (Cover photo. Figs 1, 5, 6); Edwin Course (Figs 14-18); Ian Harden (Fig. 13); W.J. Haynes (Fig. 22); E.N. Lane (Figs 11,12); Pam Moore (Figs 2, 6); James Paffett (Fig. 24); John Reynolds (Figs 7, 8); Nigel Smith (Figs 19-21). Edwi?i Course September 1992 www.hias.org.uk from Downloaded The Restoration Of The Golden Lion Brewhouse, Southwick It is most unusual for industrial archaeologists well remembered in Southwick, as we to be able to undertake a project which discovered when we undertook some oral culminates in the practise of experimental research into the brewhouse's history. When archaeology; the restoration of the Golden Thomas Carter, who latterly assisted in the Lion Brewhouse at Southwick, near Fareham brewhouse, was interview^, he recalled that (SU 627085) was an exception. Not that any of Dick Olding was a 'real Governor's man'. He those involved really imagined, on our first was also secretive — even when advancing visit, that beer could ever be produced there age led him to accept help with the heavier again — at that point, even the restoration of work in the brewhouse, he would still allow the equipment to museum condition seemed no-one to enter whilst the actual brewing was an almost insurmountable task. taking place. Thus his secrets — the exact A century or so ago, brewhouses like that 'recipes' for his ales — died with him. at Southwick were relatively common. After MrOlding's retirement, the Usually situated adjacent to the hostelry brewhouse was simply closed up, complete which they served (or in the case of the great with all its equipment. Not surprisingly, the estates, the big house), these establishments fabric of the building deteriorated, and by brewed beer on a relatively small scale. In the 1970, when Michael Tighe produced his case of the Colden Lion, it provided sufficient Gazetteer of Hampshire Breweries, he commented for the public house, with a small excess for that Southwick was 'probably the most off-sales. Now, few of these brewhouses interesting old brewery in the county, but survive, and of those which do, hardly any unfortunately its physical condition is such contain their original equipment. that it is dangerous to enter, and for this The history of the Colden Lion Public House reason rightly neither the landlord nor the can be traced back to at least the 17th century, brewery owners allow inspection internally'. and it is likely that a brewhouse existed at that The timber of the first floor had rotted badly, time — remains of older brickwork at the rear and, as Michael Tighe observed, 'the of the present building supports this theory. machinery,www.hias.org.uk like the building, had deteriorated The present brewhouse is, however, of 19th considerably with age and damp'. century date, a two storey red brick structure In the early 1970s, Paul Stephens, a member with a tiled roof. Closer inspection of the of a Cornish brewing family, instigated efforts brickwork reveals that the bricks were almost to restore the Golden Lion brewhouse as a certainly wood-fired, suggesting manufacture museum. Grants were promised and plans on the estate. from drawn up, but Mr Stephens moved to Southwick is a traditional estate village, a Cornwall before work could commence, and rare survival, five miles north of Portsmouth the scheme lapsed. In 1979, discussions began and three miles east of Wickham. Southwick between Southwick Estates, and the Estate's considerable holdings include the Hampshire Buildings Preservation Trust, Golden Lion and its brewhouse, although the which resulted in the estate taking the public house is currently leased to Messrs decision to restore the building as a matter of Courages. The date of the present brewhouse urgency. Repairs were made to the roof, and is not known precisely; all efforts to locate the floor and timber louvres were replaced, documentary evidence have drawn a blank. together with