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Science Museum Library and Archives Science Museum at Wroughton Hackpen Lane Wroughton Swindon SN4 9NS Telephone: 01793 846222 Email: [email protected] SIMNS A guide to the Simmons Collection of research records relating to British windmills and watermills Compiled by H. E. S. Simmons (1901-1973) SIMNS A guide to the Simmons Collection of research records relating to British windmills and watermills List Contents BOX DESCRIPTION PAGE (original list) General note on the collection, I including access and copying Abbreviations used in the survey Iii notes SIMNS Survey notes: windmills 1 1 SIMNS Survey notes: watermills 4 2 SIMNS Miscellaneous notes 8 3 SIMNS Maps (Simmons own numbering) 9 4 SIMNS Maps (unnumbered by Simmons) 14 5 SIMNS Photographs: windmills 24 (note 6 p.23) SIMNS Photographs: watermills 47 (note 7 p.23) SIMNS General records and records of mill 54 8 photography Introduction Herbert Edward Sydney Simmons was born on 29th September 1901 in Washington, Sussex. He worked for many years as a civil servant in the Ministry of Defence; during the Second World War he served in the Royal Air Force, stationed in Warwickshire and East Anglia. He died on 26th October 1973 at his home in Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex. Simmons had a lifelong interest in windmills and watermills. During more than 40 years of private research, he visited many mill sites and consulted a wide range of documentary sources, including fire insurance records, local newspapers, directories and maps. He also exchanged information with other mill enthusiasts and thus gathered further information on those mills he was unable to visit. By the end of his life he had produced an extensive set of manuscript survey and research notes (arranged by county), approximately 300 annotated maps and over 2000 photographs. This collection was presented to the Science Museum Library by Simmons’ widow, Mrs E. Simmons, in January 1974. One of the library staff, Mrs E. Coles (now retired) identified Simmons’ abbreviations of documentary sources and undertook the long task of transcribing some manuscript research notes into a standardised form for typing, so that they could be incorporated in one geographical sequence for quick reference. The Museum’s photographic studio made reference prints from Simmons’ original negatives: the negatives are now in the National Monuments Record Centre while the library retains the prints, arranged in county order. Access The Simmons collection may be consulted in the Library by any one holding a current reader’s ticket. Enquiries should be made at the main desk in the catalogue hall. Documents will be issued under the same conditions as those applying to archival material and rare books. Bound photocopies of the research notes for some of the more important counties are shelved on open access in the History of Science Reading Room (shelfmark 621.548:93) and may be consulted without a reader’s ticket. Photocopies Extracts from the text may be photocopied in accordance with Library procedures. All photocopying must be done by staff, and the reader must complete the usual copyright declaration. Copies of photographs These cannot be supplied by the Science Museum Library. They should be obtained direct from: National Monuments Record Centre. Kemble Drive, Swindon, Wilts SN2 2GZ Tel: 01793 414600/414617 Fax: 01793 414606/414769 who hold the negatives and their copyright. Form of citation Direct quotations from the collection should be acknowledged in the form: “From the Simmons’ Collection. Reproduced by courtesy of The Science Museum”. Citation of the collection as a source will vary with the publication style but should include the words: “Simmons’ Collection. Science Museum Library”. Quotation of the piece number (e.g. SIMNS 4/12) is particularly useful for the maps, which cannot be arranged in county order. Information from readers The Library staff will always be glad to have details of any discrepancies in sorting and listing. These are more likely to be detected by researchers with a detailed knowledge of their local area. If you find an error, or can suggest a useful cross-reference, please let us know. NB (WS, 1985): There are references in SIMNS to drawings of windmills by Karl S. Wood, formerly in the Mason Collection. These are ca. 2000 watercolours, formerly in the care of Simmons’ friend Mr T. Mason and now in the Usher Art Gallery, Lincoln. See Wilson, Catherine A checklist of windmill paintings by Karl Wood. Lincolnshire Museums, 1982 (Occasional Papers, No. 1) A copy is in SML at shelfmark 084. NB [From Brighton Reference Library, 7/5/93]: SIMMONS COLLECTION (Location Brighton): Items given to the library when Mr Simmons died in 1973. Mr Simmons spent much of his time in Brighton Reference Library researching windmills and watermills. There is no documentation on the donation. BOOKS: His manuscript books are in the Local Collection - catalogued and classified. These include his works on windmills, watermills, breweries and public houses, and his scrap books on windmills containing newspaper cuttings. (The volumes on watermills and windmills are photocopies - the originals together with all the photographs are in the Science Museum in London). PHOTOGRAPHS: Approximately 300 postcard size photographs dated 1969/1971, of Brighton Public Houses, shops, Southdown buses, telephone boxes and manhole covers. There are negatives in the basement but it would be difficult to match positives and negatives. SLIDES: Mainly of Kent and Sussex, used for his own lectures. EPHEMERA: Matchboxes, beer mats and labels kept in the basement. NB (2015): Access update – the Simmons collection can be consulted at the Science Museum Library & Archives (Wroughton). Abbreviations Victoria County Histories are located in the History of Science Room, shelf:nark 942. Other sources in the Library are indicated by shelfmarks in brackets. Bedfordshire R.T.H = R T Hopkins P.D. = P. Dolman O.S. = Ordnance Survey Dorset C.P.O. = County Planning Office (1952) V.C.H = Victoria County History Hertfordshire V.C.H = Victoria County History Ind.Arch.Herts = William Branch Johnson, Industrial archaeology of Hertfordshire, 1970. (shelfmark 6:93) S.P.B.A = Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings - Windmill Section S.F. = Stanley Freese, Windmills and millwrighting, 1957. (shelfmark 621.548:93) C.T.C Gazette = Cycle Touring Club Gazette Huntingdonshire S.M. = Stamford Mercury Kent Cant.Mar.Lic. = Canterbury Marriage Licences C.F. = William Coles Finch, Watermills and Windmills: an historical survey of their rise, decline and fall as portrayed by those of Kent 1933. (shelfmark 621.548:93) HASTED = Edward Hasted, The history and topographical survey of the county of Kent, … collected from public records 4 vols. 1778- 1799 Lancashire B&E = Richard Bennett and John Elton, History of cornmilling 1898-1904 (shelfmark 664.6/7:93) Leicestershire D.S. = D Sanders Inq.P.M. = Inquisitions Post Mortem V.C.H = Victoria County History Lincolnshire S.M. = Stamford Mercury R.W.G.Lib. = Rex Wailes, Grimsby Library. This may refer to photographs given to this library by Rex Wailes Middlesex (including London) R.J.A.B. = Richard Johnson's Address Book. Manuscript, dated 1793, in the archives of the Worshipful Company of Stationers D&C = Dean & Chapter of St Paul's. The muniments are still at St Paul's Northumberland Directories W. = Whites P. = Piggott’s K. = Kelly’s H. = ? This may be Harrods or Hilton N.C.L.&L. = James Clapham, North Country Lore & Legend 1891 Nottinghamshire D.S. = Donald Smith H.S.R.H. = H. S. R. Hawksby K. = Kelly’s Directory ` P.B. = P. Baker Sussex R.H. = R. Hawksby S.A.C. or S.A. = Sussex Archaeological Collections Y&G = Yeakell & Gardener (map) S.W.A. = Sussex Weekly Advertiser S.N.Q. = Sussex Notes & Queries V.C.H. = Victoria County History S.R.O. = Sussex Record Office T.M. = Tithe map The Simmons Collection – British Windmills and Watermills 1: Windmills [survey notes, mostly typescript, in folders; 30cm] NB: [P] indicates a Photocopy is available on open access 1/1 List of windmills [by county] [P] 1/2 Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Foreign [Channel Islands see 1/11; Anglesey see 1/3; some foreign material in 1/56 1/3 Anglesey, Berkshire [P] 1/4 Bedfordshire [P] 1/5 Buckinghamshire A-L [P] 1/6 Buckinghamshire M-W [P] 1/7 Cambridgeshire A-C [P] 1/8 Cambridgeshire D-L [P] 1/9 Cambridgeshire M-S [P] 1/10 Cambridgeshire T-W [P] 1/11 Channel Islands, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumberland [P] 1/12 Derbyshire [P] 1/13 Devon, Dorset, Durham [P] 1/14 Durham [additional] [P] 1/15 Essex A-C 1/16 Essex D-M 1/17 Essex N-S 1/18 Essex T-W 1/19 Gloucester, Hampshire, Hereford 1/20 Hertfordshire [P] 1/21 Huntingdon, Isle of Wight [P] 1/22 Kent A-B [P] 1/23 Kent C-F [P] 1/24 Kent G-L [P] 1/25 Kent M-R [P] 1/26 Kent S-Y [P] 1/27 Lancashire [P] 1/28 Leicestershire A-L [P] 1/29 Leicestershire M-W [P] 1/30 Lincolnshire A-Bl [P] 1/31 Lincolnshire Bl-Bu [P] 1/32 Lincolnshire C-E [P] 1/33 Lincolnshire F-G [P] 1/34 Lincolnshire H-I [P] 1/35 Lincolnshire K-L [P] 1/36 Lincolnshire M-R [P] 1/37 Lincolnshire S 1/38 Lincolnshire T-Wh 1/39 Lincolnshire Wi-Wy 1/40 Middlesex, Monmouth [P] 1/41 Norfolk A-B [P] 1/42 Norfolk C [P] 1/43 Norfolk D-G [P] 1/44 Norfolk H [P] 1/45 Norfolk I-M [P] 1/46 Norfolk N-R [P] 1/47 Norfolk S [P] 1/48 Norfolk T-U [P] 1/49 Norfolk V-W [P] 1/50 Northamptonshire A-H [P] 1/51 Northamptonshire I-W [P] 1/52 Northumberland [P] 1/53 Nottinghamshire A-L 1/54 Nottinghamshire M-W 1/55 Nottinghamshire: Newark 1/56 Oxfordshire, Rutland, Shropshire [P] 1/57 Somerset,
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  • The Marketing of Corn in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century: North,East Ken(

    The Marketing of Corn in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century: North,East Ken(

    ...................... - ..................................... = .................................................................... The Marketing of Corn in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century: North,East Ken( By DENNIS BAKER I HE home market was at least six times as valuable as the overseas market during the first half of the eighteenth century. The ratio could have been T much higher and one contemporary estimate even puts it at 32 to ~. Throughout the early modern period the vast bulk of this traffic concerned agri- cultural produce, for in I75o England was still a predominantly agricultural economy. 2 Marketing, nevertheless, remains one of the most neglected aspects of agri- cultural history? There is a dearth of suitable source material. We know much about the management of crops and livestock in the field, little about their journey beyond the farm gate. A thorough exploration of the various outlets leading from farm to consumer is a rare venture. More frequently we seek shelter in some terminological cul-de-sac like 'commercialized agriculture' or 'farming for the market'. Admittedly, in some regions the market outlets were few or fraught with hazards; such, for instance, was the difficult position of those who farmed the Midland clays, ill-drained and intractable. But others, more fortunately placed, could choose from a wide range of marketing possi- bilities; this held true, for example, over much of the eastern and home counties. The farmers of north-east Kent possessed a number of competitive advan- tages, but none more valuable than proximity to the markets both local and in London. This fertile belt of Kent stretches from Rainham in the west to the eastern extremities of Thanet, a distance of about 35 miles; it averages 8 miles or more in width.