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Recently Discovered Moabite Altar: Proof of Biblical Battle in Kings 2 by BIN Staff August 29, 2019 , 3:04 Pm
Breaking Israel News/Latest News Biblical Perspective https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/136246/recently-discovered-moabite-altar-proof-biblical-battle- kings-2/ Recently Discovered Moabite Altar: Proof of Biblical Battle in Kings 2 By BIN staff August 29, 2019 , 3:04 pm But when Achav died, the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Yisrael. (Kings 2 3:5) ancient battle (courtesy: Shutterstock) FacebookTwitterEmailWhatsAppPrintShare 800 The word “Hebrews” was recently discovered on an ancient Moabite altar unearthed by archaeologists in Jordan. The altar was located at the biblical site of Atarot (Khirbat Ataruz) in Jordan reports TOI. Ataruz inscribed altar (c Lead epigrapher Christopher Rollston says that the find “stitches together the Biblical and inscriptional evidence”. Researcher Adam Bean explains that regarding the biblical story, “it is a new and important piece in the puzzle.” The discovery found two 9th century/ early 8th century BCE Moabite writings engraved into the cylindrical stone altar provide historical indications of a “battle of epic proportions”. Researcher Adam Bean of John Hopkins University describes the find as: “An inscribed altar from the Khirbat Ataruz Moabite sanctuary”. the inscriptions provide new insight regarding King Mesha of Moab’s revolt against Israel: Now King Mesha of Moab was a sheep breeder, and he used to pay as tribute to the king of Yisrael a hundred thousand lambs and the wool of a hundred thousand rams. But when Achav died, the king of Moab rebelled against the king of Yisrael. (Kings 2 3:4-5) “The inscriptions on this ‘pedestal’ come from the site mentioned by King Mesha in his Mesha Stele as a site that he himself (i.e., Mesha) took from the Omrides and then rebuilt!” noted leading epigrapher Prof. -
Ataroth and the Inscribed Altar: Who Won The
Ataroth and the Inscribed Altar: Who Won the War Between Moab and Israel? https://www.thetorah.com/article/ataroth-and-the-inscribed-altar-who-won-the-war-between-moab-and-israel Ataroth is an obscure Transjordanian city, referenced only twice in the Bible. Nevertheless, due to modern archaeological discoveries, it has become a central piece of evidence for reconstructing the history of the Moabite rebellion against Israel and King Mesha’s expansion of the Moabite kingdom described in both 2 Kings and the Mesha Stele. Adam L. Bean and Christopher A. Rollston Chris Rollston examining the Khirbat Ataruz altar inscription. Photo Courtesy of C. Rollston ʿăṭārôt) appears only twice in the Torah and nowhere , ﬠֲ טָ ר וֹ ת) The Transjordanian city of Ataroth else in the Bible.[1] It would have remained little more than an obscure biblical toponym (place name) were it not for two modern archaeological discoveries that have made it a showcase example of the connection of biblical narrative to archaeological and epigraphic data.[2] Ataroth in the Torah Both references to the city in the Torah appear in Numbers 32, as part of the territory that the tribes of Gad and Reuben settle. Its first appearance is among the cities Gad and Reuben list, when they ask Moses for permission to settle in the region, due to its suitability for raising cattle: במדבר לב:ב וַיָּבֹאוּ בְ נֵי גָד וּבְ נֵי רְ אוּבֵ ן וַיֹּאמְ רוּ אֶ ל מֹשֶׁ ה וְאֶ ל אֶלְ ﬠָ זָר הַ כֹּהֵ ן וְאֶ ל נְשִׂ יאֵ י הָ ﬠֵדָ ה לֵ אמֹר. -
Old-Testament-History-Divided-Kingdom-Lesson-4-Handout.Pdf
Lesson 4 – 1 Old Testament History The Divided Kingdom – Lesson 4 Background: Introduction: Jehoram, also called Joram, (852-841 BC) was the son of Ahab and Jezebel.1 Because his brother Ahaziah had died prematurely from a fall and left no sons, Jehoram succeeded his brother to the throne of Israel and reigned twelve years (2 Kings 3:1). His reign was largely contemporary with Jehoram (or Joram) the king of Judah. The first official act of the new king was to bring the Moabites back into subjection to the northern kingdom of Israel. Mesha, king of Moab, had been paying a yearly tribute to King Ahab amounting to 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams. However, following the death of Ahab and the untimely death of Ahaziah, Mesha saw this as an opportunity to revolt and regain independence (2 Kings 3:4). The biblical account agrees with what is recorded on the Moabite Stone (See: Historical Notes, page 2), that the revolt took place after many years of oppression going back as far as Omri and his sons, or rather his son and grandson. Since Jehoram felt he would not be able to win a decisive victory with just his armies, he enlisted the help of Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, as well as Edom (Edomites) who had been previously subdued by Judah (See map on page 9). When Jehoram's armies suffered from a severe lack of water in his conquest of the Moabites, Jehoram thought it was God who was deliberately delivering them into the hands of their enemies (2 Kings 3:13). -
An 'I' for an 'I': the First-Person, Common
An ‘I’ For an ‘I’: The First-Person, Common, Singular Pronoun in Biblical Hebrew By CHARLES W. LODER A thesis submitted to the Graduate School–New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfllment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Program in Jewish Studies Written under the direction of Gary A. Rendsburg And approved by ————————————————— ————————————————— ————————————————— New Brunswick, NJ October, 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS AN ‘I’ FOR AN ‘I’: THE FIRST-PERSON, COMMON, SINGULAR PRONOUN IN BIBLICAL HEBREW By CHARLES W. LODER Thesis Director: Gary A. Rendsburg This thesis is a holistic approach to understanding the frst-person (1), common (c), singular (sg), independent (ind.) pronoun (pro.) in Hebrew. Unlike the sec- ond and third-person pronouns that have two two forms which are marked for gender, the two forms of 1csg ind. pro. are not marked for gender, making the distinction between the two forms an anomaly. This thesis will seek to under- stand this anomaly diachronically in the frst two chapters and synchronically in the fnal two chapters. Diachronically, it traces the development of the two forms from proto-Semitic (PS) and provides a postulation on how the two forms developed and why both persisted in Hebrew. It also traces the development of the two forms within in Hebrew providing perspective on the role of the pro- noun as a delimiting factor for the diferent periods of Hebrew. Synchronically, it examines various scholastic eforts to rectify the seemingly indiscriminate us- age of the two forms in biblical prose. It also considers the insights that non-tra- ditional grammar ofers in determining the diference of usage of the two forms. -
3002-3012 Research Article Sound Exchange Between the Consonants in “Al Kamil” on Language and Literature in the Light of Modern Linguistics
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No. 7 (2021), 3002-3012 Research Article Sound Exchange Between The Consonants In “Al Kamil” On Language And Literature In The Light Of Modern Linguistics Hayder Jasim Lafta Al-Saedi General Directorate of Education in Maysan Governorate, Iraq [email protected] Article History: Received: 11 January 2021; Revised: 12 February 2021; Accepted: 27 March 2021; Published online: 16 April 2021 Abstract :This study deals with the description and analysis of the sound exchange between consonants issues, in the examples contained in Al Kamil book on language and literature for the grammarian Abu Abbas Al- Mubarrad , and its interpretation from the perspective of modern language, which is perceived from a modern point of view, seeking to interpreting it scientifically, and subject them to what was produced by the modern science of language sound laws, which explained the changes in the sound structure of these words that characterized many of the old Arabic language books as anomaly and strange as well as other descriptions that indicate these words articulation of steady and often and a lot, which are considered the characteristics that old Arab scholars invoked them in the production of normative acts, that straightened the right linguistic behavior later and ruled the linguistic absentmindedness. The study was committed in its consideration of these issues in the descriptive interpretative approach that was adopted by modern language school, which describes the linguistic phenomenon, and does not stop there, but also to analyze, interpret and explain the reasons identified in that phenomenon about a certain linguistic behavior and no other, and engaged in some of its parts in the comparative approach and clarification. -
Chapter 4 Name Yhwh and Related Forms
CHAPTER 4 NAME YHWH AND RELATED FORMS 4.1 Introduction It is obvious in the portrayal of Yahweh in the Masoretic Text that the various attributes and characteristics of the numerous Ancient Near Eastern deities – as discussed in the previous chapter – were conferred on him. In the following deliberation – in Chapter 5 – on the origin of Yahweh and Yahwism, it is clear that El also played a significant role in the Israelites' in- terpretation of their religion – particularly in the case of the patriarchs and northern tribes. This was probably due to their knowledge of Canaanite El, the deity who was also comment- ed on in the previous chapter. According to tradition, the exodus group – liberated from Egypt – were the first Israelites to become acquainted with Yahweh. Although there is no information on their pre-Yahwistic religion, they probably had their own family gods and took part in the worship of Semitic or Egyptian regional gods. This group's special contact with Yahweh and subsequent sojourn through the Wilderness brought about a unique relationship. The question remains, however, 1 who this god was and where he came from. Moses was the first "Israelite"2 to be confronted by Yahweh – a god who came from a territory which did not form part of the later Israelite region. According to Exodus 3,3 Moses asked this God his name and was told, 'hyha rXa hyha'.4 Janzen5 states that a name embodies its actual history and future. Thus, regarding the name of Israel's God, Yahweh, 'the biblical nar- rative taken as a whole could be read as an explication of what is in the name Yahweh'.6 The Hebrews interpreted "name" as "character"; thus, to profess Yahweh's Name was to describe his character.7 Exodus 3:13-15 unequivocally declares that the revelation of God under the name Yahweh 'was fundamental to the theology of the Mosaic age'.8 Divine names personify the perception of the devotees of a particular deity. -
*‡Table 6. Languages
T6 Table[6.[Languages T6 T6 DeweyT6iDecima Tablel[iClassification6.[Languages T6 *‡Table 6. Languages The following notation is never used alone, but may be used with those numbers from the schedules and other tables to which the classifier is instructed to add notation from Table 6, e.g., translations of the Bible (220.5) into Dutch (—3931 in this table): 220.53931; regions (notation —175 from Table 2) where Spanish language (—61 in this table) predominates: Table 2 notation 17561. When adding to a number from the schedules, always insert a decimal point between the third and fourth digits of the complete number Unless there is specific provision for the old or middle form of a modern language, class these forms with the modern language, e.g., Old High German —31, but Old English —29 Unless there is specific provision for a dialect of a language, class the dialect with the language, e.g., American English dialects —21, but Swiss-German dialect —35 Unless there is a specific provision for a pidgin, creole, or mixed language, class it with the source language from which more of its vocabulary comes than from its other source language(s), e.g., Crioulo language —69, but Papiamento —68. If in doubt, prefer the language coming last in Table 6, e.g., Michif —97323 (not —41) The numbers in this table do not necessarily correspond exactly to the numbers used for individual languages in 420–490 and in 810–890. For example, although the base number for English in 420–490 is 42, the number for English in Table 6 is —21, not —2 (Option A: To give local emphasis and a shorter number to a specific language, place it first by use of a letter or other symbol, e.g., Arabic language 6_A [preceding 6_1]. -
The Mystery of the Ten Lost Tribes
The Mystery of the Ten Lost Tribes: A Critical Survey of Historical and Archaeological Records relating to the People of Israel in Exile in Syria, Mesopotamia and Persia up to ca. 300 BCE The Mystery of the Ten Lost Tribes: A Critical Survey of Historical and Archaeological Records relating to the People of Israel in Exile in Syria, Mesopotamia and Persia up to ca. 300 BCE By Ziva Shavitsky The Mystery of the Ten Lost Tribes: A Critical Survey of Historical and Archaeological Records relating to the People of Israel in Exile in Syria, Mesopotamia and Persia up to ca. 300 BCE , by Ziva Shavitsky This book first published 2012 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2012 by Ziva Shavitsky All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-3502-1, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-3502-2 To my husband Max my children: Danny, Adrian, Leora and her husband Nigel and my grand daughters: Amber and Marnie TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .............................................................................. vii Acknowledgements............................................................................ ix Abbreviations ..................................................................................... x Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 Section I Israel, Judah and Aram Chapter 1 Contacts with Aram ..................................................... 6 Section II Assyria (a) Israel and Assyria Chapter 2 Biblical Data .............................................................. 26 Chapter 3 Non-Biblical Material on Israel — the Assyrian Annals and Inscriptions .................. -
Bsbb9405 Readings in Northwest Semitic Literature
BSBB9405 READINGS IN NORTHWEST SEMITIC LITERATURE R. Dennis Cole SPRING 2018 Professor of Old Testament Hebrew & Archaeology Dodd 201; 282-4455 (ext. 3248) NOBTS Box 62 [email protected] SEMINAR DESCRIPTION This seminar is designed to introduce the student to the extant literature of Northwest Semitic language family which are comparable to the Hebrew of the Old Testament. The study includes a comparative analysis of Northwest Semitic grammar, syntax, and other linguistic issues. Epigraphic materials in Hebrew, Ugaritic, Phoenician, Aramaic, Syriac, Moabite, Ammonite, and Edomite are translated and interpreted. Core Value Focus and Curriculum Competencies New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary has five core values: Doctrinal Integrity, Spiritual Vitality, Mission Focus, Characteristic Excellence, and Servant Leadership. This course addresses Doctrinal Integrity, in that it enhances the student’s ability to interpret the Bible accurately. Characteristic Excellence is addressed in that the student should exhibit excellence in the ability to interpret Scripture. Servant Leadership is the focus core value for this year and is expected to be modeled in classroom demeanor. This course primarily addresses the competency of Biblical Exposition by preparing the student to interpret and communicate the Bible accurately. The 2017-18 Core Value focus is on Servant Leadership. STUDENT OUTCOMES 1. Students will be enabled to read a variety of extant literature from NW Semitic dialects of Ugaritic, Phoenician, Ammonite, Moabite, Edomite, Aramaic & Syriac, and Hebrew, derived from archaeological research and other historical sources. Students will interact with background history of the languages, cultures, and documents. 2. Students will be able to analyze the major comparative elements of grammar and syntax of the NW Semitic language family via textbook, chart studies, and inductive research. -
Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages
CD TRUBNER'S ORIENTAL SERIES TRUBNER'S ORIENTAL SERIES RE-ISSUE AT A UNIFORM PRICE Demy 8vo, dark green cloth, gilt. ALBERUNI : India. An Account of the Religion, Philosophy, Literature, Geography, Chronology, Astronomy, Customs, Laws, and Astrology of India, about a.d. 1030. By Dr. Edward C. Sachau. ARNOLD : Indian Poetry and Indian Idylls. " (Sir E.) Containing The Indian of ", from the Sanskrit of the Gita Song Songs " " Govinda of : Two books from The IHad of India Jayadeva" (Mahabharata) : Proverbial Wisdom," from the. Shlokas of the Hitopadesa, and other Oriental Poems. BARTH (Dr. A.) : The Religions of India. Authorized Translation by Rev. J. Wood. BIGANDET (B. P.) : Life or Legend of Gaudama, the Buddha With the to of the Burmese ; Annotations, Ways Neibban, and Notice on the Phongyies or Burmese Monks. BEAL (Prof. S.) : Life of Hiuen-Tsiang. By the Shamans Hwui Li and Yen-Tsung. With a Preface containing an Account of the Works of I-Tsing. BEAL (Prof. S.) : Si-Yu-Ki : Buddhist Records of the Western World. Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen-Tsiang. COWELL (Prof. E. B.) : Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha ; or. Review of the Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy. By Madhava Acharya. Translated by Prof. E. B. Cowell, M.A., and Prof. A. E. Gough, M.A. DOWSON (Prof. J.) : Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History, and Literature. DUTT (R. C.) : Economic History of India under Early British in to of Rule ; from the Rise of the British Power 1757 Accession Queen Victoria. DUTT (R. C.) : Economic History of India in the Victorian from Accession of Victoria to Commencement of Age ; Queen Twentieth Century. -
Canaanite, “Proto-Hebrew” 1
Introduction to Hebrew Linguistics (‘Inleiding Hebreeuwse Taalkunde’) UvA, Week 3, February 17, 2011 Tamás Biró Valentine's day on Eisenbrauns See: http://www.eisenbrauns.com/pages/VDAY2011 2 Assignment for this week 1. Arie Schippers en Kees Versteegh. Het Arabisch: Norm en realiteit. Coutinho 1987. Pp. 11-27 (semitische talen, schrift) 2. John Huehnergard: ‘Introduction’. In: John Kaltner and Steven L. McKenzie (eds.): Beyond Babel: A Handbook for BH and Related Languages. SBL 2002. Pp. 1-18. Assignment: Find contradictions between the two articles. My goals have been: (1) Make sure you read carefully and learn the chapters. (2) Teach you to read critically: not to necessarily accept everything, since other opinions are also possible. (3) Show that many opinions can be simultaneously around in science. 3 Assignment for this week Arie Schippers en Kees Versteegh. Het Arabisch: Norm en realiteit. Coutinho 1987. Pp. 11-27 (semitische talen, schrift) John Huehnergard: ‘Introduction’. In: John Kaltner and Steven L. McKenzie (eds.): Beyond Babel: A Handbook for BH and Related Languages. SBL 2002. Pp. 1-18. 4 Hebrew: prehistory and four periods 0. Proto-Semitic, proto-NW-Semitic proto-Canaanite, “proto-Hebrew” 1. Biblical Hebrew Pre-classical BH, classical BH, post-exilic BH; Qumran Masoretic Hebrew = Tiberian Hebrew 2. Mishnaic/Rabbinic Hebrew 3. Medieval Hebrew – dead or alive? 4. Modern Hebrew, Israeli Hebrew (Israeli language) Haskala, language revival, contemporary IH 5 End of week 2 The North-West Semitic languages A language continuum? -
What Happened to Kemosh?
ZAW 2016; 128(2): 1–16 Collin Cornell* What happened to Kemosh? Post-state states are »religions«.¹ Maurice Bloch DOI 10.1515/ZAW-2016-0014 Introduction What happened to Kemosh? From the Mesha Stele and t he Hebrew Bible, we know that Kemosh was the patron deity of the Iron Age Levantine kingdom of Moab. Less known is what hap- pened to Kemosh after Moab’s loss of political independence. The present article fills that lacuna by tracing Kemosh’s evolution in the era after Moab’s absorp- tion into the Neo-Babylonian Empire. This question of Kemosh’s »afterlife« is of interest to scholarship on the Hebrew Bible because Yhwh, like Kemosh, was the patron deity of an Iron Age Levantine kingdom. Unlike Kemosh, much is known indeed about Yhwh’s postnational career! Far more famous than Kemosh, the worship of Yhwh also survived the dissolution of the kingdom(s) over which he was once patron, especially in and through the Hebrew Bible. But the achieve- ment of the Hebrew Bible can be more fully appreciated when the other religious options are known which its authors faced; plumbing the »paths not taken« can enhance scholarly understanding of the »path taken« by the Hebrew Bible and its deity. The case of Kemosh represents that control case: a historical path available to Yahwists in the postmonarchic epoch – available but not traversed. Twin studies provide a helpful analogy here. Julius Wellhausen wrote in 1894 that it remained unanswered »why, from approximately the same beginning, Isra- elite history arrived at quite a different end result from, say, Moabite history«.² 1 Maurice Bloch, In and Out of Each Other’s Bodies: Theory of Mind, Evolution, Truth, and the Nature of the Social (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2013), 34.