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XXXIII. a Monograph of the Genus Disporum. by DAVIDDON, Esq., Libr

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XXXIII. a Monograph of the Genus Disporum. by DAVIDDON, Esq., Libr [ 513 3 XXXIII. A Monograph of the Genus Disporum. By DAVIDDON, Esq., Libr. L.S., Prof. Bot. King’s Coll. Lond. Read November 19th, 1839. TO Mr. Brown is due the nierit of having first pointed out the chief cha- racters of this genus, and among others its binary ovula, which doubtless suggested to Salisbury the name of Disporum, subsequently given to it by that botanist in a list of Petaloid Monocotyledons, printed in the first volume of the Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London. The genus, however, remained undescribed, and almost unnoticed, until the publication of my little work on the plants of Nepal, in which I gave a detailed descrip- tion of it, and added to it two other species, namely, the Uvularia Pitsutu of Buchanan Hamilton, and the Uvularia parvifora of Wallich. Sir J. E. Smith. in an article appended to that on Uvularia, and inserted in the 30th volume of Rees’s Cyclopaedia, has referred the former plant to Michaux’s, or rather Richard‘s genus Streptopus, with the name of peduncularis. To this view of its affinities he was most probably led by the account of the fruit given by Buchanan Hamilton in his manuscript notes, for the specimen of the plant from that learned botanist in the Smithian Herbarium is without fruit. The characters of the genus consist in its campanulate perianthium, with the sepals produced into a short pouch or spur at the base, in the cells of its ovariurrl bearing two ovula, in its baccate pericarpiuni, and in its umbellate inflo- rescence. These distinctions will be found to be common to all the Asiatic species hitherto improperly referred by most botanists to Uvularia. As Di- sporum is as yet but imperfectly known, having been adopted in few systematic works, and as the species, now amounting to ten, are mostly undescribed, it occurred to me that a complete account of the genus might not prove unac- ceptable to the Linnean Society. This genus terminates the series of the Melanthacem, forming the transition 5 I4 Pro$ DON’SMouograph of the Genus Disporum, fi*o~iithat family to the Smilacep, the chain of connexion between them being rendered complete by the intervention of a new genus, of which Streptopus Znnugi,ioszcs is the type. In the normal group of Melanthacece, which is principally confined to North America, the floral organs are persistent, and the partial decomposition of the trimerous pericarpi urn is almost universal. The Mdanthcece appear naturally to divide themselves into three groups, namely, the MeZanthece or Feratrece, in which the carpels are but partially concrete, the pericarpiurn capsular, with usually septicidal dehiscence, the flowers frequently unisexual, the perianthium less coloured, and constantly, as well as the stamens, per- sistent, and the rhizoma fibrous ; secondly, the Colchicew, in which the peri- nnthium is more highly developed, the sepals furnished with long claws often combined into a tube, the styles long, the carpels concrete, the pericarpium capsular with septicidal dehiscence, the rhizoma bulbous, and the floral axis naked and hypogEous ; and, thirdly, the Azguilhiece, having the floral organs frequently deciduous, the styles short, as in the first group, the car- pels completely concrete, the pericarpium capsular or baccate, with loculi- cidal dehiscence, a bulbous or fibrous rhizoma, and a leafy axis. The genus Cdchicum establishes an evident relationship through SternEergia and Crocus between Melanthacece, Amayllidece, and Iridece. The present genus connects the family with Stnilace&, and Tofieldia as clearly with Juncea?, whilst a comparison of the structure of Uvularia and Erythronium fully makes out their affinity with Liliacem or Tulipacece. In Uvularia, which is closely allied to Disporum, the perianthium is also campanulate, with imbricate aestivation ; the stamens adhere to the sepals at the base, and fall off together ; the peri- carpium is capsular, with polysperrnous cells and loculicidal dehiscence ; the ovula, which are arranged in two rows, are cuneate, angular, and carunculate at the apex, with the raphe forming an elevated ridge along their inner side. The flowers are axillary and solitary, and the capsule is turbinately triangular, and sometimes, as in Uvularia grandziftoa, three-lobed. The seeds are de- scribed by Linnaeus, Jussieu, Smith, and others, as arillate, but incorrectly, they being furnished merely with a fleshy appendage at their apex, resulting from an enlargement of the testa at that point. The same thing occurs in Erythronium, a genus belonging to the Liliacecz? or Tulipacea?, and which, ProJ DON'SJIor2ogmph the Ge?,us Dis porwn. 5 15 puadoxical ;is it may seem, differs only from I,Tvidurin in its habit, less deeply separated styles, and in the strictly marginal position of the cells of its an- tl1er-s. The class of Rlonocotyledonous plants offers a beautiful confirmation of the tiwth of the doctrine of the continuity of the series of organized beings ; and however much the universal existence of transition or osculant genera in this class may perplex the botanist who looks to the technical definition of his groups as the highest object of the science, we are not to exclude such genera from our researches merely because their presence renders the circumscription of our pretended natural orders more difficult, for they certainly form the most interesting part of the study of natural affinities. Being aware of the near affinity of Schelhammera to Disporum, I was induced to examine a supposed species of that genus, which anririally flowers and ma- tures its fruit in one of the green-houses in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, and I found that it not only diKered essentially from Disporunz, hut likewise from Schelhammern itself, constituting a distinct genus from both. To enable my readers the better to contrast its characters with Disporunz, a. description of that genus is subjoined to the present communication. Having, as I trust, sufficiently explained my views as to the affinities of Disporzm, I shall now proceed to the description of the genus, and of the species belonging to it. DISPORUM. Sulisb. D RA PIEZIA. Bl. UVULARIXSP. Ker, Wall. STREPTOPISP. Sm. Perianthiurn 6-phyllum, petaloideum, campanulatum, aequale, deciduutn : foliolis basi saccatis v. calcaratis. Stnmina 6, basi sepalorurn inserta, simulque decidua. Atithem erectae, extrorsae, biloculares, diiplici rim$ longitudinalitbr dehiscentes. Ouarium liberum, 3-loculare : loculis bi- ovulatis. Ouula collateralia, adscendentia. Stignzntu 3, recurvata. Pe- ricarpium baccaturn, indehiscens, turbinato-trigonurn, 3-loculare, 3-sper- mum, nunc abortu monospermum. Semina plerutnque soli taria, rarb bina, snbrotunda, fusca, ltevia, hinc convexa, inde planiuscula, hilo nudo VOL. XVIII. 3Y 516 Prof. DON'Sfifonograph of the Genus Disporuni. basilari, chnlaz$ subapicali dilatatk orbiculnt% atro-fiiscil : testd mem- branace8 : albzinien copiosutn, corneutn. Enibryo in regione umbilicali, subclavatus, inclusus. Herb= (Asiatic=) peremes, rhiaomate rntnoso;fibroso, mztlticipite. Caules in- gulnti. Folia dilntatu, nzctrgine tenzcissind cartilu~ineo-serrulutn,pler*wnq tie subpetiolrta. Inflorescentia terminalis, umbelluta. Bacca nigru, trigorztr, nizg-u lis npice prominen t i bzis szt btriloba . 1. D. calcurntuni, uinbellis pedunculntis sub-5-floris, sepalis lanceolatis acu- tiusculis basi long& calcaratis, antheris filamentis stigmatibusque stylo triplb longioribus, foliis ovato-lnnceolatis sessilibus. Uvularia calcatatn. Wall. Cat. ?A. 5087. Hob. in montibas Silhet ad Jentya. Gztl. Gomez. 3. F1. Maio. (v. s. sp. in Herb. Wall.). Cnz~liserect us, proli fero-raniosus, cubi tal is. FoZia sessi lia, ovato-lanceola ta, acuminata, multinervia, glabra, subth pallidiora, 3-pollicariaYpollicein et ultra lata, irnb basi parh contracta. Umbella pedunculrtta, &flora, rarihs 2- v. ti-flora. Pedunculus semuncialis. Pedicelli angulati, vix pollicares. Sepala lanceolata, acutiuscula, viridia ? semuncialia, basi calcarata : cal- ccrribus unguicularibus, obtusis, extreinitate incurvis. Filamenta dilatata, antheris 3-plb longiora. Anthere obtum. Ooariuni turbinatum. Stylws elongatus, triqueter. Stigmata obtusa, recurvata, stylo ter longiora. This species, remarkable for the length of the spurs at the base of the sepals, was collected by Mr. Gomez on the Jentya Hills in Sylhet, a inoiin- tainoiis region on the north-eastern frontier of Bengal. The flowers, which appear in May, are apparently of a green colour, and vary from 2 to 5 in the umbel. The leaves are altogether sessile, not being narrowed at the base as in most of the other species. The inflorescence, as in the rest of the genus, is really terminal, although, from the prolongation of the branches beyond it, it bas the appearance of being lateral. 2. D. Wallichii, urnbellis subsessilibus subd-floris, sepalis lanceolatis acumi- natis, calcaribus rectis abbreviatie, antheris filamentis 4-plb brevioribus, stylo stigmatibus longiore, foliis ovato-lanceolatis subpetiolatis. PtwJ DON'SJhograph of the Gems Disporuin. 51 i IJvulnria Hamiltoniana. Wull. Cut. yz. 5088, B k C. IZub. in Nepdiil ad Bunipa (Wallich); in Inontibus Silhet. F. De Silca. 3. FI. Maio. (v.s. sp. in Herb. Wall.). c'uicles erecti, ramosi, ulnares. Folio ovato-lanceolata, aeuminata, iina basi constrict% subpetiolata, 4 uncias longa, pollicem v. sesquipollicem lata. CTmbelZa subsessilis, 3- rarihs 4-v. &flora. Perianthiztm album, $ pollicis longum. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata. Calcaria recta, obtusa, sepalis 5-plb breviora. Arzt/iet-ce obtusae, filamentis
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