DECEMBER 2001

Black and minority ethnic communities: key data 11

Introduction The study is supplemented by appendices

y covering: Awareness of the need for housing associations (HAs) to address the • A comparison of HA lettings to BME inequalities faced by Black and Minority households and Census data in each d Ethnic (BME) households has been English local authority area; heightened by a number of key events in • HAs’ lettings, employment and recent years: governance statistics in relation to BME

u communities. • The Housing Corporation’s BME housing

t policy, launched in 1998; The appendices should be used by HAs in • The Report of the Lawrence Inquiry in analysing their own performance and will 1999 and its emphasis on the dangers of be updated on an annual basis, including

s organisations failing to review practice; 2001 Census data as it becomes available. • The Race Relations Amendment Act

s 2000 which places an enforceable duty on the Housing Corporation to promote Data limitations racial equality and prevent racial r discrimination, which it can most The categories used to collect data on BME effectively meet through the work of communities vary between different HAs; sources, causing difficulties in comparing o • The publication of the Challenge Report data. This reflects more than simple in 2001 from the Race and Housing differences in group names. For example,

t Inquiry and its emphasis on the need for Irish communities, which are covered by the continuous improvement in HAs’ race Housing Corporation’s BME housing policy, equality work; are classified as ‘white’ rather than BME c • The Housing Corporation’s new groups in many data sources. This not only regulatory code with its emphasis on race hides their needs but understates the extent equality issues and the importance of of BME needs more generally.

e continuous improvement in performance. The broad categories often used to present The aim of this Sector Study is to provide data imply a homogeneity which may not s key facts relating to BME communities exist. For example, the needs and which are of relevance to housing providers expectations of different Asian communities and others; and to provide a tool for those can be overlooked when they are discussed involved in service delivery and policy as one group. There are also clear gender formulation to review and improve their differences in the educational and labour performance. market performance of some ethnic groups, which should be remembered when data on different groups is analysed. 234 Population people increase steadily from 4.3% of the 45–64 population to 10.3% of the 0–4 Table 1 shows the age profile of the population. Migration patterns and death population in England by ethnic group. rates will have some effect on these figures and will clearly directly affect the ‘born in • 6.2% of the population and 4.5% of the Ireland’ figures. Housing providers will need households in England were recorded as to respond to a more diverse older population being from a BME group by the 1991 in the future and will want to assess how Census. far there are ethnic differences in demand. • Official national statistics estimate that the BME percentage of the population of Figure 1 shows the distribution of the BME England had increased to 7.3% by 1998. population throughout England at the time BME communities: key data • 1.6% of the population were ‘born in of the 1991 Census. Ireland’ according to the 1991 Census. This was 2.2% of all households.1 These There are large regional variations in the are not included in the BME percentages ethnic composition of the population and above. wide diversity in the distribution of each BME community. However, BME populations The BME population is relatively young, are generally concentrated in the most

Sector Study 11 which will lead to a growth in the populous and urban areas of England. In percentage of the workforce from BME particular this concentration is in Greater backgrounds. For example, 12% of primary London and to a lesser extent the West school children and 11% of secondary Midlands, although BME communities are school children in England, are from BME present in almost all local authority areas. groups. The most youthful ethnic groups are Bangladeshis, Pakistanis, Black Other Figure 2 shows the distribution of HA and Other Other (the largest numbers in lettings to BME households (12.15% this group are from Arab backgrounds nationally). It shows that lettings are including North African and from Iranian, concentrated in local authority areas of Turkish and other Middle Eastern origins). above average BME population. 320 local authorities have a higher percentage of HA Over time increasing proportions of people lets to BME households than the percentage above pensionable age will be from BME of BME households recorded by the 1991 households. Whilst only 1.2% of the current Census. population over 65 is from a BME background, the percentages of BME In 46 local authorities the percentage is

1 Data are only available from the 1991 Census on people born in Ireland rather than people who con- sider their ethnic group to be Irish.

Table 1 Age group (%) Age profile of the 0–4 5–15 16–24 25–44 45–64 65+ population of All 3,129,485 6,306,822 6,001,215 13,784,374 10,279,837 7,553,471 England by ethnic White 89.7 89.9 92.2 93.2 95.7 98.7 group All BME 10.3 10.1 7.8 6.8 4.3 1.2 Black—Caribbean 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.4 Black—African 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.0 Black—Other 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 Indian 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.1 1.3 0.4 Pakistani 1.9 2.1 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.1 Bangladeshi 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 Chinese 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 Other-Asian 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.1 Other-Other 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.1 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Source: 1991 Census Born in Ireland 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.6 2.8 2.2 Figure 1: Percentage ranges of BME households by local authority at 1991 Census

lower, but in only one case by more than 1 for Bangladeshi women. In addition, figures percentage point. The largest number of HA reflect age on arrival in England and the lettings where the percentage made to BME number of other households from the same households is below the Census BME community in a particular neighbourhood. percentage is in North Tyneside, Cotswold, and districts. Demand for language services should be kept under review, particularly because the Appendix 1 outlines the percentage of BME arrival of asylum seekers and refugees can households living in each local authority bring new interpreting and translation area and the percentage of HA lettings they requirements. received. Sources of further information Language • Modood, T., Berthoud, R. et al. (eds.) A number of established BME communities 1997: Ethnic Minorities in Britain: will require HAs to provide interpreters diversity and disadvantage. The Fourth and/or translations. The Fourth PSI survey National Survey of Ethnic Minorities. (1994) recorded between a fifth and a London: PSI. quarter of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi • Owen, D. 1992: Ethnic Minorities in and Chinese men who did not speak Great Britain: settlement patterns. 1991 English fluently or fairly well. Gender is an Census Statistical Paper No. 1. Coventry: important differentiating factor. For women CRER, University of Warwick. figures were generally higher, reaching 60% • Ratcliffe, P. (ed.) 1996: Ethnicity in the Figure 2: Percentage of RSL lets to BME households by local authority 2000/2001

1991 Census. Volume Three: social • Disproportionate to their numbers in the geography and ethnicity in Britain: population, Indian households are more geographical spread, spatial concentra- likely to be owner-occupiers than all tion and internal migration. London: other ethnic groups, including ‘white’. HMSO. http://www.statistics.gov.uk • Irish people (included within the ‘white’ • Performance and Innovation Unit 2001: group), are under-represented in owner Improving labour market achievements occupied housing compared with their for ethnic minorities in British society numbers in the population. Scoping Note • 56% of Bangladeshi households occupy http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/ social housing, the highest percentage innovation/2001/ethnicity/scope.shtml for the ethnic groups shown, and compared with just 20% of white households. Housing • Black Caribbean and ‘Other or mixed’ ethnic groups were also highly The Survey of English Housing (2000) shows represented in the social rented sector. that the percentage of white households living in owner-occupied property is far High levels of owner-occupation in some higher than the percentage for all BME BME groups does not necessarily reflect households (Table 2). However, the situation greater wealth. BME households are most is more complex once broad groupings are likely to be living in the poorest quality broken down. housing in each tenure. Table 3 shows they

2 This uses the DTLR standard of the number of household members per bedroom. Table 2 Owner Social Private Total Tenure by ethnic Ethnic group occupied rented rented Total thousands group of head of White 70 20 10 100 19,241 household Black Caribbean 46 47 7 100 259 (all households Indian 80 10 10 100 296 England 1999/2000) Pakistani 64 20 15 100 164 Bangladeshi* 31 56 12 100 42 Other or mixed 36 41 23 100 589 All ethnic minority 51 33 16 100 1,351 All groups 69 21 10 100 Thousands 14,200 4,293 2,099 20,592

Source: DTLR Survey of English Housing Note: * This estimate has a large sampling error because of the concentration and small size of the 1999/2000 Bangladeshi population.

are also most likely to be living in the most racial attack. Consequently they are more deprived wards, irrespective of tenure. This likely to have temporary refuge with others is particularly true for the Pakistani and from their own community. This frequently Bangladeshi groups and to a lesser extent leads to overcrowding. the Black Caribbean group. In London, BME households have been BME households are, in addition, more likely shown to be highly over-represented to be overcrowded. The Survey of English amongst the statutory homeless and the Housing shows over 25% of Bangladeshi hidden homeless, although the and 20% of Pakistani households are inconsistency of ethnic monitoring by the overcrowded.2 That compares with 8% of boroughs has restricted analysis. Indian households, 7% of African Caribbean households and 1% of white households. The report ‘A Question of Delivery’ found that two-fifths of BME tenants newly Homelessness housed by HAs had been either statutorily or non-statutorily homeless, compared with There is no reliable national data on the just over a quarter of all tenants. The levels of homelessness amongst BME experience of Irish households was closer to communities. However, individual studies other BME populations than the white have indicated BME households are over- group as a whole. There was little difference represented within many categories of in the percentages between BME groups homelessness, although they are far less previously homeless except for the Black likely to be visibly roofless than white African ethnic group. Half of new Black households, possibly because of fear of African tenants had been homeless.

Table 3 Ethnic group of Owner Social Private All Percentages of head of household occupied rented rented households households living in White 9 31 16 14 the 10% most Black Caribbean 35 51 * 44 deprived wards in Indian 18 57 13 22 England by tenure Pakistani 55 54 * 54 and ethnicity Bangladeshi 50 * * 51 (all households England 1999/2000) Other or mixed 21 53 23 35 All ethnic minorities 28 53 26 36 Source: DTLR Survey of English Housing 1999/2000 Note: * Unweighted base was too small. Sources of further information tend to be far more worried about all types of crime than white groups. This may reflect • Carter, S. 1998: Hidden Crisis: A study of the location of their home. black and minority ethnic homelessness in London. London: Frontline Housing The level of racial incidents remains high, Advice. although the 2000 British Crime Survey • Chahal, K. 1999: Minority Ethnic (BCS) estimated that there had been a fall Homelessness in London. NHS Executive, from 382,000 in 1995 to 280,000 in 1999. London Regional Office. Areas with the highest increases in recorded • 1999/2000 Survey of English Housing incidents by the police have included West www.housing.dtlr.gov.uk/research/seh/ Mercia (459%) and Devon and Cornwall seh00/index.htm (364%) where there are relatively small BME BME communities: key data • Hickman, M. J. and Walter, B. 1997: populations. This may of course reflect Discrimination and the Irish Community improved recording practice rather than in Britain. London: CRE. simply an increase in the number of • Tomlins, R. with Brown, T., Duncan, J., incidents. Harrison, M. L., Johnson, M. R. D., Line, B., Owen, D., Phillips, D. and Ratcliffe, P. The housing experience of BME households 2001: A Question of Delivery: an may be affected not only by racial

Sector Study 11 evaluation of how RSLs meet the needs harassment, but also by the fear of racial of black and minority ethnic harassment. In the BCS (see Figure 3), 60% communities. London: Housing of Asians and 51% of Blacks said that they Corporation. were very worried or fairly worried about racially motivated attacks. Only 12% of white people expressed the same concern. Crime and criminal justice Ex-offenders Victims of crime HAs need to ensure that their work on Housing providers should expect to find housing ex-offenders through direct themselves responding to the greater risk of applications and referrals to hostels and crime experienced by BME households general housing reflects the which is demonstrated in Table 4. disproportionate numbers of male and female prisoners from BME backgrounds. It is important to note that BME groups also

Table 4 % victims once or more Indian/ Percentages of White Black1 Pakistani Bangladeshi households/adults Burglary 2 4.2 6.3 6.3 5.2 victims of burglary/ With entry 4.4 3.9 3.6 2.9 vehicle-related Attempts 1.9 2.8 2.8 2.5 thefts/violence in 1999, by ethnicity Vehicle-related thefts 3 12.5 17.2 14.4 16.1 Theft of a vehicle 1.8 2.4 2.7 3.8 Theft from a vehicle 8.0 10.5 9.3 9.8 Attempted vehicle theft 3.7 5.1 3.5 3.5 Violence 4.3 5.4 3.6 4.9 Domestic 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.8 Acquaintance 1.6 2.1 1.4 1.2 Stranger 1.5 1.2 0.6 1.4 Mugging 0.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Notes: 1 The Black group consists of respondents who describe themselves Black-Caribbean, Black-African or Black-Other. Source: 2000 British 2 Burglary risks based on households. Crime Survey (BCS) 3 Vehicle theft risks based on vehicle owning households and violence based on adults. Figure 3 Fear of racially 60 motivated attacks, 50 by ethnicity 40

% 30

20

10

0 1994 1996 1998 2000 1994 1996 1998 2000 1994 1996 1998 2000 White Black Asian

Source: 2000 British Very worried Fairly worried Crime Survey (BCS)

The proportion of BME prisoners of British Education Nationality has increased between 1994 and 1999. In 1999, 14.3% of British male Other Asians (which include Chinese and prisoners were of BME origin consisting of Vietnamese households) outperform any 10.2% Black prisoners, 2.3% Asian other group in attaining 5 or more GCSE prisoners and 1.8% of other ethnic origin. grades A*–C with a 70% success rate in Higher proportions of British female 2000. However, it is Bangladeshi students prisoners were of BME origin. that have seen the greatest improvement in performance with the percentage of Sources of further information 16 year olds achieving 5 or more GCSE grades A*–C more than doubling between • Kershaw, C., Budd, T., Kinshott, G., 1992 and 2000. Indian and Black groups Mattinson, J., Mayhew, G. and Myhill, A.. have also recorded large gains. The 2000: The 2000 British Crime Survey results for Pakistani students remain England and Wales, Home Office relatively low and have shown slower Statistical Bulletin 18/00 improvement than for other groups as • Research, Development and Statistics Table 5 demonstrates. Directorate 2000: Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2000. The DfES note that social class, pupils’ London: Home Office. cultural background, peer and teacher http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/ influence, school effectiveness and s95race00.pdf neighbourhood will all be important influences on attainment.

Table 5 Attainment of 5 or Ethnic origin 1992 % 1996 % 2000 % % change more GCSE grades White 37 45 50 35.1 A*–C in year 11: Black 23 23 37 60.9 1992–2000 Asian 33 38 49 48.5 Indian 38 48 62 63.2 Pakistani 26 23 30 15.4 Bangladeshi 14 25 30 114.3 Source: Young Cohort Other Asian (including Chinese/Vietnamese) 46 61 70 52.2 Study: The Activities Other ethnic group * 46 43 – and Experiences of 16 year olds: England and Not stated 18 29 26 44.4 Wales 2000 (DfEE 23 January 2001) Table 6 shows that young BME people are However, it should be noted that within the far more likely to be in full time education white categories Irish men experience at 16. White groups are most likely to be on higher then average levels of government sponsored training schemes or unemployment. in full time work. Pakistani and Bangladeshi groups are most likely not to be in Educational attainment is a factor in these education, training or employment. outcomes. However, Pakistani, Bangladeshi Similarly, they are the least likely to have and Caribbean people are more likely to be any formal qualifications at 18. unemployed than white, Indian, African and Asian people given the same level of At higher degree level differences in qualification, although the gap is far less for outcomes also exist. Generally BME groups Caribbean women than for Caribbean men. BME communities: key data are more likely to go on to University, but In particular, Caribbean men educated to less likely to achieve first or second class A-level standard are more than twice as honours degrees. likely to be unemployed as white men with similar qualifications. Sources of further information Whilst all groups showed lower economic • Modood, T., Berthoud, R. et al. (eds.) activity rates for women this was most

Sector Study 11 1997: Ethnic Minorities in Britain: noticeable for the Pakistani and Bangladeshi diversity and disadvantage. The Fourth groups. National Survey of Ethnic Minorities. London: PSI. The inequalities faced by BME • Pathak, S. 2000: Race Research for the communities also have an impact on wage Future: Ethnicity in Education, Training levels. The Fourth PSI survey highlighted and the Labour Market, Research Topic that 80% of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis Paper. London: DfES. and 37% of BME households overall were • Youth Cohort Study: The Activities and earning less than half the average national Experiences of 16 year olds: England and salary. Wales 2000 (DfEE 23 January 2001) www.dfee.gov.uk/statistics/DB/SFR The percentage of BME staff employed in the HA sector has increased significantly over the last decade. However, BME staff Employment and unemployment remain under-represented at senior organisational levels and on the governing Table 7 shows that Bangladeshi and boards of HAs and are most highly Pakistani groups experience the highest represented at junior management, clerical rates of unemployment. All BME groups and secretarial levels. This is despite experience higher levels of unemployment frequently being more qualified than their than white groups with only Indian and white colleagues in higher grades. other ethnic groups falling below 10%.

Table 6 Govt. Main activity at 16, sponsored Full time Something spring 1998, England Full time training job Part time Out of else/not and Wales Ethnic group education (GST) (excl GST) job work stated (percentages) Bangladeshi 79 ***85 Black 82 46*42 Indian 91 41*21 Other Asian 87 3**53 Other ethnic group 84 634** Pakistani 81 34282 Total ethnic minorities 85 43142 Source: Young Cohort White 67 12 10 3 5 2 Study, cohort 9, sweep 1 Table 7 International Labour Employment and Employment Organisation (ILO) rate (%) unemployment rate (%) unemployment rates 16–59/64 All 16+ by ethnic group White 76 4 United Kingdom, British 1 76 4 Spring 2001, not Another White background 73 5 seasonally adjusted All ethnic minority groups 57 11 Mixed 62 12 Asian or Asian British 55 11 Indian 65 7 Pakistani 42 16 Bangladeshi 39 20 Another Asian background 59 10 Black or Black British 62 13 Caribbean 65 14 African 58 13 Another Black background 62 * Chinese 54 * Other ethnic groups 55 8

Notes: 1 Data are on a Great Britain basis only because ‘British’ and ‘another White background’ are not col- lected in Northern Ireland. Therefore, the levels for these sub-categories do not sum to the White total. Source: Labour Force * Sample size too small for reliable estimate. Survey from Labour This table uses the National Statistics interim standard classification of ethnic groups and notes that Market Trends previous published estimates should not be used for comparisons. September 2001 All data in the table is provisional due to “bedding in” of the new categories.

The data for individual HAs can be seen in Health Appendix 2 At present there is no single or simple Sources of further information source of national data on ethnicity and health. Much of the information that is • DSS, Family Resources Survey Great available also remains based on country of Britain 1999–2000 birth rather than ethnicity. • Hickman, M. J. and Walter, B. 1997: Discrimination and the Irish Community Nevertheless, a number of reports identify in Britain. London: CRE. areas of concern. For example, the Fourth • Social Exclusion Unit 2000: Minority PSI survey found that the African Caribbean Ethnic Issues in Social Exclusion and community is twice as likely, and the Neighbourhood Renewal. London: Social Pakistani community one and half times as Exclusion Unit. http://www.cabinetoffice. likely, to report themselves to be in ill health gov.uk/seu/2000/bmezip/default.htm as white people. • Somerville, P., Sodhi, D. and Steele, A. 2000: A Question of Diversity: black and Housing conditions clearly have health minority ethnic staff in the RSL sector. implications. For example, overcrowding is London: Housing Corporation. connected to stress, infectious (notably www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/ respiratory) disease, mental illness and theme_labour/LMT_September01.pdf accidents. Key health issues affecting • Tomlins, R. with Brown, T., Duncan, J., housing demand, design and the need for Harrison, M. L., Johnson, M. R. D., Line, aids and adaptations include: B., Owen, D., Phillips, D. and Ratcliffe, P. 2001: A Question of Delivery: an Asthma evaluation of how RSLs meet the needs of black and minority ethnic There is no UK based survey data which communities. London: Housing indicates a clear ethnic variation in the Corporation. prevalence of this disease. However, a Doncaster health needs survey reported that rates of infection have been reported, it is Pakistani respondents were twice as likely to not clear to what extent this represents report having asthma. This raises concerns ‘imported’ disease among migrants and about inadequate central heating and dust visitors to the Indian subcontinent, poverty, and damp. some genetic susceptibility to non- respiratory forms of the disease or poor Coronary heart disease (CHD) and housing conditions in the UK such as damp hypertension and over-crowding. Refugees also have relatively high risks of having TB. Mortality data show that those born in South Asia are about 20% more likely to Thalassaemia and Sickle Cell die of CHD than the ‘average’ population of BME communities: key data men and women aged 20–70. Other These conditions are generally regarded as estimates suggest higher rates, particularly ‘ethnic-specific’ diseases. Thalassaemia is among diabetics. associated with populations of South Asian and Mediterranean origin, while Sickle Cell The pattern for those born in the West is mostly found among people of West Indies or other sources of BME migration African or African-Caribbean descent. Cold does not show such a difference in respect and stressful conditions exacerbate the

Sector Study 11 of heart attack/angina. However, Black condition; good central heating is essential. people of African-Caribbean origin are significantly more at risk of stroke, and high Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE or blood pressure conditions. Both may have ‘Lupus’) an impact on housing need through concerns about accessibility using stairs. Another ‘ethnic-specific’ disease, Lupus is also found among the white population, Cancer but it affects women much more often than men, and black and Asian women more There seems to be a lower incidence of than white women. It often presents as most forms of cancer among BME groups. unexplained pain and weakness, and may be Bangladeshi men appear to be at high risk alleviated by warmth and absence of stress. of gall bladder and liver cancers, and high rates of mouth cancers are found in men Mental health and women of Bengali origin. Housing issues relate primarily to palliative care and HAs involved in meeting the growing carer accommodation, as at present there demands for community-based facilities, are low rates of uptake of hospice care day care, and ‘half-way’ discharge homes amongst BME communities. for people leaving institutional mental care should be aware that the provision of Renal failure (kidney disease) mental health services is highly controversial. The risk of requiring dialysis treatment (and/or transplant surgery) among people of There is an over-representation of people of Asian origin is nearly fourteen times that for African Caribbean origin as admitted white groups. Overall, the relative risk of patients for schizophrenic illnesses and renal failure in both the Black and Asian concern regarding misdiagnosis. Asian and populations compared to the white African Caribbean groups are under- population is about three-fold, rising with represented as users of counselling and age. This may affect the need for space or other services for depression. There is also facilities for dialysis in the home. increasing evidence that stress related to racial harassment may be a health risk. Tuberculosis (TB) Accidents There is some controversy over the observed association between Tuberculosis and BME There is some evidence that families, and groups — most specifically with those of particularly children of BME origin are more South Asian origin. While relatively high likely to require medical treatment arising from accidents in the home or near the frequently no base data on expected levels home. This is partly due to traffic patterns of need against which to make in inner city areas, poverty and comparisons. Access may be constrained or overcrowding in the home. affected by referral patterns. In other cases, uptake is low because members of BME Sources of further information communities perceive services as being unresponsive to their needs, or • Hill, D. and Penso, D. 1995: Opening inappropriately provided. For some groups Doors: Improving access to hospice and bilingual support and information is an specialist palliative care services by essential requirement. members of the black and minority ethnic communities Occasional Paper 7, BME groups feel they are overlooked in London: NCHSPCS. planning services, and that few services are • Nazroo, J. 1997: The Health of Britain’s offered through organisations run by Ethnic Minorities. London: PSI. members of their religious or cultural • Nazroo, J. 1997: Ethnicity and Mental community. Studies show high levels of Health. London: PSI. unmet needs arising from the more • Pawar, A. 1998: Equal Access to Safety. frequent presence of children or people Birmingham: Royal Society for the with long-term limiting illness in BME Prevention of Accidents. households. Assumptions are often made by • Full details of the Health Survey for service providers that ‘they prefer to look England, including tables of data and the after their own’. This is not supported by text of report can be found on the research and is discriminatory in terms of internet at: resource allocation. The Health Survey for www.doh.gov.uk/public/england.htm England, and other studies, show lower • Current awareness bulletins about levels of social support among minority developments in minority health are families, and poorer access to support exchanged on the mail-list ‘minority- groups. ethnic-health’. This can be joined by registering through the JISCMAIL site at: Sources of further information www.jisc.ac.uk • Ahmad, W. and Atkin, K. (eds) 1996: ‘Race’ and Community Care. Social services Buckingham: Open University Press. • Association of London Government The social care sector in general produces 2000: Sick of Being Excluded: Improving few national estimates of levels of need and the health and care of London’s black service use by ethnicity, although there are and minority ethnic communities. reports on the numbers of ‘looked after’ London: ALG. children in care, and specialist reports into • Butt, J. and Mirza, K. 1996: Social Care the uptake of specific care services (such as and Black Communities. London: HMSO. learning disability and services for older • Department of Health Social Care Group people). and Social Services Inspectorate 1998: They Look after their own, don’t they?: Overall, the consistent conclusion of all local Inspection of community care services for studies has been that there is a lack of black and ethnic minority older people. knowledge about services among vulnerable London: DoH/SSI. groups in the BME population, and relatively • Johnson M. R. D. et al 1996: Local low uptake. The potential demand for HAs Authority Occupational Therapy Services to make good these gaps in service and Ethnic Minority Clients, British provision or act as a referral agency is, Journal of Occupational Therapy 59(3) therefore, large. 109–114.

Ethnic record keeping and monitoring are poor among most services, and there is also Conclusion

The key facts outlined above identify the continuing inequalities faced by BME communities. Different ethnic groups experience varying trends, but overall inequality remains deep rooted requiring HAs to look at the responsiveness of their housing services and also to look beyond housing at their wider role in the neighbourhoods in which they work.

BME communities: key data The Appendices below provide some data on the work of HAs. Appendix 1 focuses on the lettings to BME households in each English local authority area. Appendix 2 shows the percentage of BME staff and BME members of the governing body for each association, as well as its percentage

Sector Study 11 of lettings to BME households.

Additional information

This report was researched and written for the Housing Corporation by Richard Tomlins and David James, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH.

Further information on the Sector Studies series can be obtained from Siobhan McHugh, Sector Analyst, Regulation Division, on 020 7394 2024 or e-mail [email protected].

234 Appendix 1: HA operation in local authority areas

Local authority name % BME No. % BME Local authority name % BME No. % BME at 1991 Census households of lets lettings at 1991 Census households of lets lettings

Adur 0.8 66 3.0 Cherwell 2.6 248 8.9 Allerdale 0.3 1,003 0.6 0.7 337 2.1 Alnwick 0.1 96 0.0 Chesterfield 0.9 219 3.7 Amber Valley 0.4 283 1.4 Chester-le-Street 0.5 25 0.0 Arun 0.6 186 3.8 Chichester 0.5 268 1.1 Ashfield 0.5 189 2.1 Chiltern 1.4 256 4.7 Ashford 1.2 184 3.8 Chorley 0.8 307 2.9 2.8 122 11.5 Christchurch 0.5 192 0.5 Babergh 0.6 102 3.9 City of London 4.5 17 41.2 Barking and Dagenham 4.9 228 12.3 Cleethorpes1 0.6 Barnet 14.3 442 37.3 Colchester 1.8 258 5.8 Barnsley 0.4 289 4.2 0.5 436 0.7 Barrow-in-Furness 0.4 125 0.8 Copeland 0.3 375 0.8 Basildon 1.7 513 2.5 Corby 1.0 161 3.7 Basingstoke and Deane 1.8 880 3.8 Cotswold 0.6 566 0.4 Bassetlaw 0.6 128 0.8 Coventry 7.9 1,548 15.6 Bath1 1.9 Craven 0.4 82 0.0 Bath and NE Somerset1 967 4.1 Crawley 5.4 147 10.9 Bedford2 1,206 17.7 0.9 193 2.1 Berwick-upon-Tweed 0.2 26 0.0 Croydon 14.2 645 41.9 Bexley 4.3 1,061 10.8 Dacorum 1.9 216 4.2 Birmingham 14.4 4,059 42.6 Darlington 1.1 256 2.3 Blaby 2.5 67 1.5 Dartford 3.0 56 3.6 Blackburn 8.6 555 15.7 Daventry 0.7 173 1.2 Blackpool 0.6 198 1.5 Derby 6.5 1,240 16.7 0.4 382 0.5 Derbyshire Dales 0.3 51 0.0 Bolsover 0.4 206 1.0 0.3 227 0.9 Bolton 5.1 852 10.1 Doncaster 1.2 525 2.1 Boothferry1 0.3 Dover 0.6 286 3.2 Boston 0.5 558 0.9 Dudley 3.0 399 13.5 Bournemouth 1.2 174 1.7 Durham 0.7 235 4.3 Bracknell2 142 3.5 Ealing 23.8 465 55.1 Bracknell Forest2 1.9 Easington 0.4 343 0.3 Bradford 8.7 1,605 18.6 East Cambridgeshire 0.7 396 1.5 Braintree 0.9 152 0.7 East Devon 0.3 121 2.5 Breckland 0.8 811 1.9 0.4 196 1.5 Brent 36.0 587 62.9 East Hampshire 0.7 448 1.1 Brentwood 1.5 90 1.1 East Hertfordshire 1.1 165 3.0 Bridgnorth 0.4 65 0.0 East Lindsey 0.4 680 0.6 Brighton1 2.2 East Northamptonshire 0.7 174 3.5 and Hove1 468 9.0 East Riding of Yorkshire1 279 1.4 3.9 960 19.3 East Staffordshire 2.5 198 4.0 Broadland 0.6 424 1.4 East Yorks, B of Beverley1 0.7 Bromley 3.7 1,339 16.4 East Yorkshire1 0.2 Bromsgrove 1.0 92 2.2 Eastbourne 1.3 198 3.0 Broxbourne 1.5 121 3.3 Eastleigh 1.2 364 3.3 Broxtowe 1.6 144 3.5 Eden 0.2 260 0.0 Burnley 3.0 828 4.5 Ellesmere Port and Neston 0.5 76 2.6 Bury 2.4 580 10.5 Elmbridge 2.5 512 4.1 Calderdale 2.4 568 16.0 Enfield 11.3 621 49.4 Cambridge 4.1 303 10.6 Epping Forest 1.8 127 9.5 Camden 13.1 467 41.8 Epsom and Ewell 4.0 180 11.7 Cannock Chase 0.6 220 1.8 Erewash 1.0 135 3.0 Canterbury 1.2 114 2.6 Exeter 1.0 317 4.7 0.4 50 4.0 Fareham 0.7 101 5.9 Carlisle 0.4 228 0.4 Fenland 0.6 131 2.3 Carrick 0.4 108 1.9 Forest Heath 4.4 76 6.6 0.6 72 1.4 Forest of Dean 0.2 200 0.5 Castle Point 1.0 35 0.0 Fylde 0.5 134 2.2 Charnwood 4.1 392 14.0 Gateshead 0.6 578 1.4 Chelmsford 1.6 231 7.4 Gedling 1.9 174 4.6 Cheltenham 1.3 159 1.9 Gillingham1 3.1 Local authority name % BME No. % BME Local authority name % BME No. % BME at 1991 Census households of lets lettings at 1991 Census households of lets lettings

Glanford1 0.5 Medina1 0.5 Gloucester 4.7 263 14.5 Medway1 1,087 4.1 Gosport 0.7 158 1.3 Melton 0.7 80 0.0 Gravesham 5.4 36 13.9 Mendip 0.3 232 1.3 Great Grimsby1 0.8 Merton 12.6 290 26.2 Great Yarmouth 0.6 138 3.6 Mid Bedfordshire 1.4 406 2.7 Greenwich 9.7 799 36.9 Mid Devon 0.4 144 2.8 Guildford 1.4 127 5.5 Mid Suffolk 0.4 122 1.6 Hackney 27.9 924 60.3 Mid Sussex 1.0 602 2.7 Halton 0.6 805 1.7 Middlesbrough 2.8 703 4.8 Hambleton 0.3 328 0.6 Milton Keynes 4.7 688 16.3 Hammersmith & Fulham 13.9 455 46.8 Mole Valley 0.9 41 2.4 Harborough 0.7 78 1.3 New Forest 0.5 265 1.5 Haringey 24.3 551 52.8 Newark2 305 1.3 Harlow 2.6 107 6.5 Newark and Sherwood2 0.6 Harrogate1 0.6 278 3.2 Newbury2 1.3 Harrow 19.5 158 43.0 Newcastle upon Tyne 2.5 797 7.7 Hart 1.0 135 3.0 Newcastle-under-Lyme 0.8 1237 1.6 Hartlepool 0.5 515 1.6 Newham 31.6 677 53.0 Hastings 1.4 735 3.1 North Bedfordshire2 6.8 Havant 0.7 345 0.3 0.4 155 1.3 Havering 2.4 145 4.8 North Devon 0.4 286 0.7 Hereford1 0.7 0.4 451 1.1 Herefordshire, County of1 627 1.0 North East Derbyshire 0.4 98 2.0 Hertsmere 3.0 527 6.8 North East Lincolnshire1 305 0.7 High Peak 0.5 142 2.8 North Hertfordshire 3.8 142 7.8 Hillingdon 8.7 450 24.0 North Kesteven 0.5 69 4.4 Hinckley & Bosworth 0.9 111 1.8 North Lincolnshire1 273 2.2 Holderness1 0.3 North Norfolk 0.3 157 0.6 Horsham 0.8 273 1.1 0.4 95 0.0 Hounslow 17.6 336 40.8 North Somerset2 140 2.1 Hove1 2.4 North Tyneside 0.8 829 0.6 Huntingdonshire1 1.8 498 4.0 North Warwickshire 0.5 86 3.5 Hyndburn 2.9 301 6.0 North West Leicestershire 0.5 209 3.8 Ipswich 3.6 515 9.1 North Wiltshire 0.9 487 0.6 Isle of Wight1 567 2.1 Northampton 4.5 398 13.6 Isles of Scilly 0.0 1 0.0 Northavon1 0.9 Islington 14.8 544 46.9 Norwich 1.1 428 2.3 Kennet 0.6 558 1.1 Nottingham 7.7 1,354 20.3 Kensington and Chelsea 12.5 487 41.9 Nuneaton & Bedworth 2.6 170 1.8 0.4 423 2.8 Oadby & Wigston 5.8 22 9.1 Kettering 1.8 177 4.5 Oldham 4.6 801 22.5 King's Lynn and West Norfolk 0.6 284 0.4 Oswestry 0.3 30 3.3 Kingston upon Hull 1.0 894 2.1 Oxford 6.3 263 16.7 Kingston upon Thames 6.4 208 16.4 Pendle 5.2 352 5.7 Kingswood1 0.8 0.4 374 2.9 Kirklees 6.2 747 24.4 Peterborough1 4.9 676 10.4 Knowsley 0.8 439 1.4 Plymouth 0.7 818 1.8 Lambeth 24.7 666 57.4 Poole 0.7 142 0.7 Lancaster 0.8 263 1.5 Portsmouth 1.7 527 6.1 Langbaurgh-On-Tees2 0.5 Preston 6.2 912 10.9 Leeds 4.0 2,110 25.7 Purbeck 0.4 55 0.0 Leicester 19.3 1,897 44.5 Reading 6.9 263 18.6 Leominster1 0.2 Redbridge 14.7 198 42.9 Lewes 0.8 122 1.6 Redcar and Cleveland2 560 1.6 Lewisham 18.5 603 57.6 Redditch 2.5 199 5.0 Lichfield 0.7 578 1.0 Reigate and Banstead 1.9 128 3.1 Lincoln 1.0 197 0.5 0.4 332 1.5 Liverpool 3.2 3,830 13.9 Ribble Valley 0.6 69 0.0 Luton 13.5 247 39.7 Richmond Upon Thames 3.9 453 14.8 0.8 215 1.9 Richmondshire 0.6 49 0.0 Maidstone 1.3 116 3.5 Rochdale 4.5 820 14.0 Maldon 0.5 270 1.9 Rochester upon Medway1 3.1 Malvern Hills1 0.4 395 0.8 Rochford 0.8 122 0.8 Manchester 9.2 3,285 24.8 Rossendale 1.4 167 4.8 Mansfield 0.9 346 1.5 Rother 0.6 353 2.0 Local authority name % BME No. % BME Local authority name % BME No. % BME at 1991 Census households of lets lettings at 1991 Census households of lets lettings

Rotherham 1.2 637 2.4 Tandridge 1.3 30 3.3 Rugby 3.7 183 8.2 0.5 172 1.2 Runnymede 1.8 82 6.1 0.2 74 0.0 Rushcliffe 1.6 74 5.4 Teignbridge 0.3 161 1.9 Rushmoor 2.0 442 4.5 Telford and Wrekin2 2,015 3.7 Rutland 0.5 29 0.0 Tendring 0.5 190 2.6 Ryedale1 0.3 247 1.2 Test Valley 0.8 602 2.3 Salford 1.6 872 8.1 Tewkesbury 0.5 439 2.5 Salisbury 0.6 230 2.6 Thamesdown2 2.5 Sandwell 9.6 832 28.7 Thanet 0.8 459 3.1 Scarborough 0.4 289 0.4 The Wrekin2 2.4 Scunthorpe1 2.0 Three Rivers 3.5 62 9.7 0.3 221 0.5 Thurrock 1.8 168 5.4 Sedgemoor 0.4 230 2.2 Tonbridge and Malling 0.8 604 2.2 Sefton 0.7 1,008 2.0 Torbay 0.6 163 3.1 Selby1 0.3 191 3.7 Torridge 0.3 93 2.2 Sevenoaks 0.8 547 2.4 Tower Hamlets 21.4 718 49.4 Sheffield 3.5 1,191 20.3 Trafford 4.0 1,038 10.7 Shepway 0.8 162 1.9 Tunbridge Wells 1.0 546 3.3 Shrewsbury & Atcham 0.6 132 0.8 0.3 286 0.0 Slough 18.7 328 37.5 Uttlesford 0.6 75 4.0 Solihull 2.1 179 3.9 Vale of White Horse 1.1 456 2.0 1.5 117 7.7 0.5 215 1.4 South Buckinghamshire 2.1 268 4.5 Wakefield 0.9 605 2.8 South Cambridgeshire 1.0 149 2.0 Walsall 6.0 862 16.2 South Derbyshire 1.1 125 1.6 Waltham Forest 18.9 571 56.6 South Gloucestershire1 266 2.6 Wandsworth 15.4 453 44.6 South Hams 0.3 318 1.6 0.3 88 1.1 South Herefordshire1 0.3 Wansdyke1 0.4 South Holland 0.4 78 1.3 Warrington 0.9 491 1.4 South Kesteven 0.7 149 0.7 Warwick 3.6 275 5.1 South Lakeland 0.3 116 1.7 Watford 6.7 117 19.7 South Norfolk 0.3 168 1.2 Waveney 0.4 338 1.5 South Northamptonshire 1.0 62 3.2 Waverley 0.8 103 0.0 South Oxfordshire 0.8 487 3.3 Wealden 0.6 179 1.7 South Ribble 0.7 630 2.4 0.3 185 1.1 0.3 166 1.8 Wellingborough 5.5 149 11.4 South Somerset 0.3 881 0.5 Welwyn Hatfield 2.3 281 6.1 South Staffordshire 0.8 614 1.1 West Berkshire2 363 3.9 South Tyneside 1.2 506 1.8 West Devon 0.3 140 0.0 South Wight1 0.4 0.3 519 1.2 Southampton 3.3 464 9.7 West Lancashire 0.6 167 1.8 Southend-on-Sea 1.8 328 3.7 West Lindsey 0.4 295 1.7 Southwark 19.9 709 54.6 West Oxfordshire 0.8 63 1.6 Spelthorne 2.7 390 8.5 0.3 191 0.0 St. Helens 0.5 484 1.0 0.9 632 4.0 St. Albans 3.4 112 17.9 Westminster, City of 15.5 800 46.1 St. Edmundsbury 0.9 174 1.7 0.5 182 1.7 Stafford1 1.3 295 3.1 Wigan 0.6 454 1.3 Staffordshire Moorlands 0.3 110 0.9 Winchester 0.7 207 3.4 Stevenage 2.9 223 7.6 Windsor and Maidenhead 3.3 601 6.5 Stockport 1.7 568 3.9 Wirral 0.8 1,082 1.6 Stockton-on-Tees 1.0 596 1.5 Woking 3.5 101 5.9 Stoke-on-Trent1 1.8 1,310 3.7 Wokingham 2.4 73 8.2 Stratford-on- 0.5 481 1.9 Wolverhampton 13.1 839 28.5 Stroud 0.5 102 3.9 Woodspring2 0.6 Suffolk Coastal 1.6 425 1.4 Worcester 1.3 172 2.9 Sunderland 0.8 420 1.7 Worthing 1.1 290 5.5 Surrey Heath 2.0 212 5.2 Wychavon 0.3 793 1.0 Sutton 4.5 269 13.0 Wycombe 5.5 148 27.0 Swale 0.7 741 2.0 Wyre 0.4 536 1.3 Swindon2 432 3.2 Wyre Forest 0.7 569 1.1 Tameside 2.6 1,662 3.8 York1 0.8 338 2.4 Tamworth 0.9 159 3.1

Sources: Column 1: 1991 Census. Columns 2 and 3: CORE 2000/01. Notes: 1 Local authority boundary changes between 1991 and 2000 have affected this local authority. See Appendix 3 for details. 2 The local authority has changed name between 1991 and 2000. See Appendix 4 for details. Appendix 2: Data on Group A and Group B HAs

Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Ability 80 16.3 8 12.5 6 16.7 19 139 Accord 483 10.6 12 8.3 483 16.2 22 3,017 Acton 114 33.3 14 14.3 433 54.0 11 2,984 Adullam Homes 180 18.9 9 0.0 31 22.6 9 234 Advance 367 7.4 8 0.0 66 227 Aged Pilgrims Friend Society 503 0.0 15 0.0 12 69 Agudas Israel 70 75.7 15 73.3 10 30.0 4 283 Airways HS 64 20.3 8 12.5 243 25.5 15 2,269 AKSA 13 76.9 11 72.7 112 74.1 4 424 Aldwyck HA 299 15.4 14 21.4 549 13.1 20 4,796 Amicus Group 121 2.5 11 0.0 1 0 Anchor Trust 9,562 5.2 14 7.1 2,606 2.5 223 23,725 Anglia 269 1.5 15 0.0 1 0 Apex 97 11.3 8 0.0 1 0 Arawak Walton 22 77.3 13 76.9 107 58.9 2 553 Arches 31 12.9 16 12.5 169 37.9 1 799 Arcon 24 4.2 13 23.1 145 6.2 10 1,004 Arhag 16 100.0 15 86.7 47 76.6 11 382 Ashiana 36 86.1 13 84.6 80 55.0 10 535 Ashram 54 92.6 11 81.8 20 70.0 4 365 Ashton Pioneer 28 14.3 12 0.0 208 2.4 1 843 ASRA Midlands 114 93.9 13 84.6 75 70.7 7 571 ASRA Greater London 99 100.0 12 83.3 115 66.1 25 1,761 Atlantic 16 0.0 6 0.0 3 130 Axiom 72 4.2 10 0.0 251 6.4 7 1,511 Bailey 0 8 0.0 21 4.8 22 662 Banbury Homes 44 0.0 12 0.0 139 10.8 1 1,497 Banks Of Wear 24 25.0 12 8.3 33 18.2 3 206 Basildon Community 0 12 0.0 403 2.5 13 2,509 Battersea Churches 61 55.7 14 28.6 81 59.3 7 1,178 Beacon 117 14.5 13 7.7 361 8.6 18 4,076 Beaver 73 24.7 11 18.2 286 37.4 10 2,830 Bedfordshire Pilgrims 212 9.0 15 0.0 795 13.5 43 8,828 Beechdale Community 20 5.0 15 0.0 130 3.9 1 1,377 Belgrave Neighbourhood Co-op 0 19 84.2 54 74.1 1 329 Bentilee Community 26 0.0 16 0.0 334 0.6 1 929 Beth Johnson 190 1.1 9 0.0 577 1.7 14 3,071 Bethnal Green & Victoria Park 72 37.5 17 29.4 141 67.4 4 1,388 Birkenhead Forum 69 2.9 12 0.0 1 0.0 1 37 Birmingham Co-Op 22 18.2 10 10.0 1 0 Black Country Hsg & Com Srvs 123 16.3 8 0.0 184 17.4 2 1,315 Black Star 18 94.4 7 57.1 60 68.3 1 1 Blackwater 0 14 0.0 68 1.5 10 622 Bnai Brith JBG 29 10.3 11 0.0 30 0.0 10 458 Boleyn And Forest 30 36.7 11 18.2 35 9 Booths Charity 22 0.0 9 0.0 39 0.0 1 407 Boston Mayflower 96 0.0 15 0.0 469 0.6 1 4,637 Bourne 46 17.4 11 9.1 106 8.5 18 989 Bournemouth Churches 104 7.7 16 0.0 6 94 Bournville Village 268 10.1 12 0.0 298 10.7 5 3,033 Bournville Works 0 11 0.0 11 0.0 1 314 Bradford & Northern 677 3.6 16 6.3 2,226 7.2 55 11,357 Brighton HT 116 5.2 12 0.0 13 7.7 1 272 Brighton YMCA 105 7.6 11 9.1 1 79 Bristol Churches 80 12.5 12 8.3 133 26.3 11 1,932 Broadacres 156 1.3 15 0.0 335 0.6 7 4,480 Broadening Choices For Older People 215 22.3 11 18.2 1 175 Broadland 106 0.9 15 0.0 538 1.7 12 3,054 Bromford Carinthia 360 8.6 13 0.0 1,392 9.4 41 7,535 Bromford Charitable 0 13 0.0 48 4.2 11 273 Broomleigh 280 16.8 15 6.7 859 16.2 4 11,772 Brunel & Family 207 7.7 15 13.3 505 18.8 4 2,460 Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Brunelcare 674 11.7 10 0.0 121 0.0 2 1,018 Buckinghamshire 10 10.0 13 15.4 31 19.4 5 326 Burnley & Padiham 191 1.6 18 11.1 548 2.0 1 5,212 Bush 7 28.6 13 15.4 32 1 Caldmore Area 136 21.3 11 27.3 344 30.2 4 1,729 Cambridge 264 3.8 8 0.0 182 6.0 6 1,125 Cara Irish 34 47.1 9 88.9 9 128 Carat 0 4 0.0 1 0 Carr Gomm Society 663 16.1 17 17.7 66 262 Castle Vale Community 9 0.0 16 12.5 99 8.1 1 613 CDS HA 232 6.9 11 0.0 710 12.3 6 5,031 Central and Cecil 273 45.4 15 13.3 63 17.5 10 1,170 Central Methodist 8 0.0 9 0.0 14 0 Centrepoint Soho 211 45.0 13 15.4 9 35 Chantry 80 8.8 16 6.3 531 13.0 10 2,296 Charlton Triangle Homes 12 50.0 15 26.7 87 37.9 1 1,243 Cheltenham & District 0 10 0.0 151 2.0 9 1,188 Cherwell 89 12.4 15 26.7 115 13.9 8 1,423 Chevin 3 0.0 10 20.0 3 0.0 4 80 Cheviot 96 1.0 10 0.0 386 0.8 14 2,321 Chichester Diocesan 44 4.6 15 6.7 85 4.7 11 1,227 Chiltern Hundreds HA 0 12 8.3 584 12.0 24 5,453 Chisel 2 0.0 9 33.3 5 97 Christian Action Enfield 39 23.1 13 7.7 90 35.6 4 725 Christian Alliance 187 15.5 8 12.5 16 38 Circle 33 370 33.2 18 11.1 456 44.1 28 9,881 Circle 33 HO 19 42.1 12 8.3 22 28 City And Counties 46 0.0 14 7.1 75 28 Clapton Community 29 44.8 15 26.7 59 69.5 1 959 Clays Lane Co-Op 13 23.1 5 0.0 149 50.3 1 50 Collingwood 190 6.8 13 7.7 786 8.3 17 4,896 Colne 48 2.1 20 0.0 121 1.7 5 1,230 Community HA 146 27.4 13 15.4 175 51.4 7 2,702 Co-op Development Society 51 39.2 15 13.3 39 7.7 16 666 Co-op Home Services 34 35.3 14 28.6 11 45.5 4 40 Cosmopolitan 48 8.3 14 7.1 245 7.4 7 1,706 Cotman 42 0.0 13 0.0 165 1.8 8 1,034 County Palatine 0 7 14.3 235 5.5 4 0 County Palatine (One) 113 1.8 12 16.7 7 1,026 Court (Berkshire) 112 8.0 10 0.0 45 0.0 4 348 Crosby 11 0.0 12 0.0 34 0.0 1 367 Crown 14 14.3 14 7.1 23 4.4 6 148 Croydon Churches 72 25.0 12 25.0 99 31.3 3 1,029 Croydon Peoples 16 93.8 9 100.0 33 75.8 3 179 Croydon YMCA 92 45.7 7 42.9 1 0 Crystal Palace 0 12 25.0 21 0 Dane Hsg (Congleton) 166 1.2 16 0.0 369 0.8 2 3,808 De Montfort 60 13.3 16 12.5 485 15.5 18 2,479 Derwent 183 3.8 13 7.7 634 7.3 22 3,092 Derwent & Solway 64 0.0 13 0.0 470 0.2 1 3,581 Devon & Cornwall HA 270 2.6 14 0.0 780 1.7 17 6,467 Devon & Cornwall Counties 0 10 0.0 1 0.0 17 25 Devon & Cornwall HT 0 10 0.0 1 0 Devon Community 267 1.1 15 0.0 41 0.0 9 576 Downland Group 86 2.3 10 0.0 1 0 Droitwich Spa & Rural 111 0.0 22 0.0 412 1.0 2 2679 Drum 32 3.1 9 0.0 1 0 Durham Aged Mineworkers 57 0.0 14 0.0 168 0.0 9 1,444 Ealing Family 163 38.7 14 14.3 439 41.5 11 5,691 East Dorset 122 0.0 14 0.0 185 1.6 8 2,692 East Hampshire 88 1.1 12 0.0 315 1.9 3 3,866 East Lindsey 255 0.0 21 0.0 501 0.6 1 5,034 East Midlands 180 10.0 15 6.7 936 11.7 51 4,766 East Thames HA 265 36.6 13 23.1 326 47.6 14 7,181 Eastern Shires 19 10.5 8 0.0 1 0 Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Eastleigh 83 4.8 16 0.0 225 3.6 5 4,210 Eden 49 0.0 16 100.0 143 0.0 2 1,444 Ekaya 22 86.4 12 91.7 3 100.0 4 67 Eldonian Community Co-Op 13 0.0 12 0.0 5 20.0 1 310 Elgar 0 16 0.0 430 0.5 4 4,686 Elim 22 9.1 11 0.0 48 16.7 10 219 Elmbridge 98 4.1 18 5.6 365 4.4 1 4,336 Endeavour 49 6.1 16 0.0 335 5.4 5 1,336 English Churches 1,183 20.5 11 9.1 875 9.9 176 8,703 English Rural 0 14 0.0 6 0.0 27 213 Enham Trust 314 0.6 11 0.0 8 0.0 1 168 Enterprise 5 96 2.1 9 22.2 279 2.2 6 1,519 Equity 2 0.0 12 8.3 31 60 Estuary 309 11.0 14 0.0 325 4.6 23 1,931 Evesham & Pershore 102 2.0 13 0.0 311 1.3 6 3,990 Exeter HS 56 0.0 14 0.0 105 6.7 1 895 Family 313 53.4 15 20.0 509 56.0 30 9,502 Family First 46 32.6 12 8.3 98 25.5 5 437 Family HA Birkenhead 3 100.0 10 0.0 60 0.0 1 350 Family HA Birmingham 56 25.0 11 18.2 277 49.5 4 1,795 Family HA Manchester 173 16.8 16 0.0 618 26.4 7 3,549 First Step 10 0.0 8 0.0 2 67 Five Counties 0 11 0.0 5 0 Flagship 74 2.7 9 0.0 1 0 Focus 667 24.9 11 9.1 1,655 39.9 27 11,185 Focus Two 7 14.3 14 14.3 21 34 Fortunegate Community 26 42.3 16 68.8 2 0.0 1 1,360 Fosseway 137 0.0 15 0.0 451 0.4 2 4,087 Foundation 19 89.5 16 87.5 78 48.7 1 252 Franklands Village 6 0.0 10 0.0 19 5.3 1 277 Friendship Hsg & Care 370 23.5 12 16.7 568 25.5 20 3,051 Girls Friendly Society Of E & W 82 17.1 20 5.0 10 26 HA 56 16.1 14 7.1 314 8.0 11 1,651 Granta 372 8.1 9 0.0 242 7.0 19 1,183 Gravesend Churches 27 7.4 14 7.1 36 8.3 3 492 Greater Hornby 27 0.0 11 9.1 198 8.1 4 1,313 Griffin 19 42.1 10 20.0 22 63.6 9 363 Grosvenor 272 0.7 11 0.0 528 1.1 23 3,867 Guinness HA 0 9 0.0 68 2.9 7 578 Guinness Trust 784 16.5 15 6.7 2,438 11.2 110 18,648 Habinteg 71 21.1 12 16.7 248 7.7 38 1,998 Haig Homes 25 8.0 15 6.7 121 3.3 47 1,198 Hallam 22 13.6 12 0.0 172 11.1 6 1,086 Hallmark 30 73.3 10 100.0 107 34.6 2 401 Hamac 13 100.0 11 90.9 121 73.6 1 353 Hampshire Voluntary 117 6.0 13 0.0 113 0.9 10 875 Hanover 510 2.9 29 13.8 1,228 1.7 166 10,156 Harden 17 0.0 10 10.0 169 8.9 16 2,378 Harding 68 27.9 11 9.1 55 58.2 6 1,205 Harewood 48 8.3 10 0.0 388 15.5 12 1,841 Hart 37 5.4 14 0.0 118 2.5 6 2,415 Hartvale 49 4.1 12 0.0 1 0 Harvest 66 9.1 10 100.0 1 0 Hastoe 70 2.9 15 6.7 191 10.5 55 1,850 Havelok 227 1.8 15 0.0 262 1.5 5 1,469 Headrow HG 33 9.1 13 15.4 96 12.5 7 718 Heantun 59 11.9 14 7.1 148 16.9 6 751 Heart of England 67 1.5 10 10.0 1 0 Heartlands & Marine 12 8.3 7 0.0 1 0 Hereward 119 0.8 20 0.0 321 1.6 1 3,972 Hermitage 39 100.0 12 0.0 258 3.1 6 3,648 Hexagon 224 49.1 13 38.5 206 46.1 9 2,471 High Weald 113 3.5 16 0.0 519 2.7 5 5,462 Hightown Praetorian 178 12.4 15 13.3 140 10.0 9 921 Home 1998 689 2.0 10 0.0 2 0.0 1 0 Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Home Group 152 2.0 7 0.0 3,161 5.5 92 27,106 Hornsey 17 70.6 14 21.4 24 41.7 1 353 Hotel & Catering Benevolent 44 34.1 12 0.0 5 173 Housing 21 1,918 12.9 14 0.0 1,280 0.9 224 12,686 Housing For Women 18 61.1 9 22.2 52 59.6 8 553 Howard Cottage 29 100.0 17 5.9 86 5.8 5 1,223 HTC 0 15 46.7 7 57.1 1 401 Hull Churches 27 0.0 11 9.1 35 0.0 1 322 Hundred Houses 12 0.0 16 6.3 44 9.1 3 569 Huntingdonshire 174 2.3 17 11.8 196 4.1 1 6,448 Hyde 646 15.5 16 18.8 1,014 27.2 56 11,882 Hyde Southbank Homes 76 57.9 9 0.0 32 62.5 1 2,026 Impact 116 0.0 15 0.0 317 1.6 5 2,078 Industrial Dwellings 50 40.0 15 26.7 86 39.5 4 1,212 Innisfree 13 84.6 14 78.6 38 2.6 8 254 Inquilab 17 88.2 10 90.0 16 50.0 6 478 Irish Centre 42 69.1 8 75.0 4 0.0 3 67 Irwell Valley 176 11.4 11 9.1 986 14.2 11 5,900 Isle of Wight 119 4.2 16 0.0 104 1.9 1 512 Islington & Shoreditch 33 45.5 11 18.2 122 50.0 4 957 James Butcher 257 4.3 13 0.0 499 3.8 39 3,553 Jephson HA 74 1.4 14 7.1 213 7.5 22 1,755 Jephson Homes 276 4.4 14 7.1 1,029 12.7 70 7,000 John Grooms 62 24.2 15 6.7 115 13.0 53 986 Johnnie Johnson HT 239 2.9 13 0.0 509 3.9 33 3,570 Joseph Rowntree 259 0.8 8 0.0 76 1.3 11 1,297 Kelsey 57 7.0 11 9.1 291 6.2 26 2,074 Keniston 41 2.4 9 0.0 45 17.8 7 640 Kennet 17 5.9 10 0.0 48 6.3 6 408 Kensington 77 50.7 18 11.1 65 41.5 4 2,273 Kerrier 153 0.7 17 0.0 252 2.8 1 3,638 Keynote 0 7 0.0 1 0 King Street 15 0.0 11 0.0 14 0.0 2 179 Kingfisher 100 5.0 14 7.1 329 2.4 4 4,174 Kingsmead Homes (Hackney) 22 54.6 15 26.7 65 83.1 1 944 Knightstone HA 397 3.8 12 0.0 780 6.6 41 7,416 Kush 32 96.9 11 81.8 54 79.6 8 629 Landmark 10 60.0 9 22.2 2 50.0 18 53 Leasowe Community Homes 0 12 8.3 119 0.0 1 1,076 Lee 11 27.3 11 36.4 172 57.6 1 22 Leeds Federated 126 16.7 12 0.0 614 17.3 11 3,469 Leeds Jewish 25 40.0 20 100.0 67 95.5 1 398 Leeds Yorkshire 25 4.0 12 8.3 140 15.0 6 1,052 Leicester 322 19.3 14 21.4 996 23.5 34 5,176 Leicester Newarke 19 5.3 19 31.6 412 51.9 1 107 Lichfield & District 124 2.4 16 0.0 429 1.4 1 4,574 Limehurst Village Trust 10 0.0 14 0.0 85 3.5 1 635 Rural 9 0.0 12 8.3 43 2.3 9 286 Linen & Woollen Drapers Inst 254 18.5 17 0.0 3 362 Liver 388 2.6 15 0.0 421 2.4 5 4,434 Liverpool HT 293 7.5 15 6.7 872 6.5 6 8,758 London & Quadrant Bexley 0 16 0.0 285 5.3 1 3,858 London & Quadrant HT 622 30.7 13 7.7 1,587 32.5 60 19,765 Longhurst HA 124 1.6 18 0.0 646 3.3 29 3,133 Look Ahead 443 46.7 13 23.1 11 585 Luton Churches 18 16.7 9 22.2 56 32.1 2 369 Macedon 72 16.7 11 0.0 3 33.3 1 0 Magna HA 239 0.0 15 0.0 521 2.3 25 5,769 Magna HG 65 4.6 9 0.0 1 0 Magna West Somerset 87 2.3 15 0.0 149 0.0 1 1,772 Maidenhead & District 113 8.0 14 14.3 295 10.9 3 3,064 Manchester & District 205 3.9 12 8.3 1,351 7.7 26 7,671 Manchester Methodist 176 13.6 9 0.0 379 11.1 11 1,910 Manningham 33 75.8 13 84.6 125 59.2 1 714 Marches 69 0.0 16 0.0 239 1.3 4 1,948 Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Maritime 122 4.1 10 10.0 296 4.7 13 3,103 Medina HA 64 0.0 7 0.0 184 1.1 1 2,837 Medina Hsg & Care Group 0 8 12.5 1 0 Mercian 90 14.4 11 18.2 226 15.5 12 2,021 Merseyside 3 0.0 10 0.0 28 7.1 4 250 Methodist Homes 203 4.4 7 14.3 90 0.0 19 541 Metropolitan HO 37 40.5 11 9.1 72 0 Metropolitan HT 500 34.4 14 7.1 848 28.4 42 11,651 Mid Beds 85 4.7 16 6.3 246 2.4 1 2,903 Midland Area 66 42.4 12 33.3 480 73.3 5 3,736 Midsummer HA 51 7.8 12 8.3 6 0 Midsummer Homes 0 9 11.1 130 26.9 4 1,253 Minster General 65 1.5 12 0.0 269 7.1 7 1,457 Moat HG 345 3.2 11 0.0 1 0 Moat HO 0 10 10.0 112 0 Moat HS 0 9 0.0 424 8.3 47 3,118 Moseley & District 86 40.7 12 16.7 109 54.1 1 1,130 Mosscare 65 35.4 10 20.0 350 60.9 5 2,384 Mount Green 29 3.5 8 12.5 52 3.9 7 673 Muir Group 133 4.5 17 0.0 590 2.5 27 3,380 Nacro Community Enterprises 391 23.3 11 18.2 4 33 National Council of YMCAs 746 4.4 24 100.0 26 677 Nehemiah 21 81.0 12 91.7 46 63.0 4 303 Nene 93 7.5 10 10.0 413 9.2 15 2,647 Neston & Parkgate 6 0.0 0 0.0 15 0.0 1 182 Network 222 67.6 15 40.0 416 45.7 35 5,007 New Charter (North) 66 4.6 11 0.0 1 8,505 New Charter (South) 84 1.2 13 15.4 1 7,615 New Charter HT 221 4.1 13 0.0 1 0 New Downland 163 2.5 13 0.0 970 2.9 37 8,265 New Era 629 6.2 16 0.0 140 50 New Islington & Hackney 354 25.4 13 15.4 261 46.4 10 5,090 New Progress 42 0.0 13 0.0 411 3.9 11 2,845 Newcastle & Whitley 14 100.0 10 0.0 103 14.6 6 695 Newcastle-Under-Lyme 324 2.2 14 0.0 1,051 1.3 1 9,554 Newlon 80 45.0 15 26.7 173 61.3 7 3,152 Nomad Hsg Group 61 0.0 12 0.0 408 2.2 18 2,138 North British 882 4.4 13 7.7 3,754 10.2 225 36,781 North British HG 0 13 7.7 1 0 North British Third 373 7.0 12 0.0 41 609 North Cheshire 100 2.0 12 8.3 395 4.1 17 2,532 North Devon Homes 71 0.0 14 0.0 144 1.4 1 3,234 North London Muslim 26 84.6 19 84.2 23 95.7 3 430 Northamptonshire Rural 0 13 0.0 4 130 Northcote 21 33.3 13 7.7 50 0 Northern Counties 544 4.2 11 18.2 2,790 7.1 76 15,362 Norwich 7 0.0 12 0.0 62 0.0 1 270 Notting Hill HO 57 42.1 13 30.8 86 15 Notting Hill HT 533 43.7 13 30.8 458 49.6 11 10,265 Nottingham Community 326 12.0 13 15.4 1,084 11.0 24 5,088 Oakfern 71 1.4 16 0.0 337 5.6 3 4,069 Octavia Hill 95 29.5 13 7.7 77 45.5 8 1,479 Old Ford 40 32.5 10 10.0 81 27.2 1 167 Optima Community 64 29.7 13 15.4 304 30.3 1 2,002 Orbit 909 8.5 14 7.1 1,658 7.2 86 13,414 Orbit Bexley 0 16 6.3 366 7.7 1 3,913 Orbit First Step 0 9 11.1 85 0 Oriel 0 10 10.0 1 0 Orwell 123 0.8 16 0.0 297 4.0 15 1,972 Otto Schiff 128 78.9 8 100.0 3 77 Oxbode 7 0.0 7 0.0 53 7.6 1 262 Oxford Citizens 99 9.1 13 7.7 197 11.7 6 1,708 Paddington Churches 370 51.9 12 33.3 627 50.7 14 8,383 Papworth Village 12 0.0 9 0.0 7 0.0 7 354 Paradigm 200 8.5 9 0.0 1 0 Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Parchment 77 1.3 11 0.0 1 0 Parkside 36 16.7 8 12.5 1 0 Partnership 214 0.9 7 0.0 1 0 Patchwork Community 81 56.8 13 15.4 3 33.3 11 50 Pavilion 99 2.0 18 0.0 402 4.0 5 4,740 Peabody Trust 662 28.1 13 23.1 559 44.5 25 16,703 Peddars Way 67 0.0 16 0.0 788 2.5 18 7,576 Penwith 112 0.0 15 0.0 385 3.1 5 3,669 People First 8 25.0 9 33.3 28 39.3 1 249 Peter Bedford 54 33.3 15 20.0 2 0.0 3 102 Petersfield 4 0.0 9 0.0 5 0.0 1 165 Phoenix House 300 8.3 12 8.3 3 0 Pickering & Ferens Homes 36 0.0 23 4.4 79 1.3 1 1,115 Pierhead 41 2.4 13 0.0 232 10.3 5 1,471 Pine Court 7 71.4 6 100.0 51 52.9 2 352 Plume 76 2.6 14 0.0 225 2.2 8 2,387 Pollards Hill 21 23.8 12 25.0 77 28.6 1 871 Poplar HARCA 144 31.3 17 11.8 118 49.2 1 3,737 Portico 107 6.5 9 11.1 486 13.8 12 3,297 Portsmouth 105 2.9 20 5.0 365 3.0 4 3,176 Presentation 72 79.2 10 70.0 196 52.0 21 2,939 Progress 104 1.9 12 0.0 1 0 Progress Care 74 0.0 14 0.0 124 1.6 1 1,006 Providence Row 96 53.1 11 9.1 3 175 Quest 15 0.0 12 0.0 30 0.0 1 274 Raglan 404 7.2 17 5.9 1,315 6.4 94 7,576 Railway HA & Benefit Fund 46 0.0 15 0.0 147 1.4 30 1,322 Redland 31 0.0 9 0.0 116 5.2 6 938 Refugee 54 74.1 12 33.3 6 0.0 33 428 Restormel 173 0.6 15 0.0 287 1.1 1 3,418 Richmond Churches 297 25.3 10 10.0 225 10.2 11 2,069 Richmond Fellowship 582 18.2 13 7.7 36 95 Ridgehill 148 10.1 18 22.2 324 6.2 2 4,184 Ridings 53 17.0 15 6.7 315 33.0 1 1,726 Rivers (Hillock) 11 9.1 7 14.3 104 5.8 1 1,002 Riverside 539 8.4 18 0.0 2,851 9.4 29 20,401 Riversmead 66 0.0 17 0.0 2 50.0 1 0 Rockingham Forest 13 0.0 16 12.5 89 2.3 3 596 Rodney 28 10.7 15 0.0 166 24.7 5 859 Rosebery HA 0 14 7.1 107 9.4 2 1,700 Rosebery HG 45 11.1 10 0.0 1 0 Rosebrook 21 0.0 11 0.0 32 0.0 3 309 Rosemary Simmons 23 13.0 11 0.0 36 5.6 4 278 Rother Homes 75 0.0 15 0.0 260 2.7 1 2,913 Sadeh-Lok 25 56.0 10 80.0 178 48.3 3 728 Salford Community 63 9.5 10 20.0 500 8.8 9 2,238 Salvation Army 135 12.6 16 6.3 293 3.8 59 1,299 Samuel Lewis 356 25.8 14 7.1 1,130 20.9 46 11,381 Sanctuary 1,378 16.6 14 0.0 3,371 9.3 142 24,463 Sarsen 177 0.6 15 0.0 431 1.2 5 4,826 Sedgemoor 13 0.0 16 0.0 53 1.9 2 516 Selhal 83 14.5 15 26.7 191 36.1 7 1,100 Selhal Community 87 14.9 15 26.7 80 51.3 8 370 Servite 739 26.8 13 7.7 965 11.8 42 6,081 Severn Vale 102 0.0 15 0.0 307 3.3 1 2,898 Shaftesbury 1,278 14.2 11 0.0 696 6.6 83 5,167 Shepherds Bush 80 30.0 18 27.8 157 44.0 6 2,840 Shian 11 90.9 10 100.0 15 80.0 3 303 Signpost HA 153 0.0 19 0.0 573 0.9 15 3,443 Signpost HG 36 0.0 10 0.0 1 0 Soho 25 28.0 15 26.7 31 41.9 4 662 Solon CHS 16 50.0 12 16.7 3 101 Solon South West 29 20.7 11 18.2 90 33.3 8 754 Solon Wandsworth 27 55.6 12 50.0 58 50.0 4 931 Somer Community Trust 270 1.5 15 0.0 759 4.5 2 9,349 Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

South Hams 120 0.0 15 0.0 216 0.9 1 2,981 South Liverpool 90 4.4 14 0.0 368 3.5 1 4,130 South London Family 508 40.0 16 18.8 596 38.8 28 8,038 South Oxfordshire 111 4.5 15 0.0 366 3.0 1 4,715 South Shropshire 157 1.3 16 0.0 146 2.1 3 1,814 South Somerset Homes 268 0.4 18 0.0 691 0.4 1 8,426 South Staffordshire 194 2.6 15 0.0 489 0.4 2 5,157 South Warwickshire 113 4.4 15 0.0 439 1.8 6 5,554 South West Co-Op 4 0.0 11 0.0 5 0.0 9 361 55 0.0 10 0.0 242 3.3 1 2,271 South Yorkshire 250 6.8 16 18.8 631 9.5 9 2,719 Southlands 8 25.0 20 5.0 7 46 Sovereign 291 0.3 11 0.0 608 4.6 60 10,523 Spelthorne 0 18 5.6 299 9.0 2 3,341 Spitalfields Co-Op 10 70.0 15 73.3 6 50.0 2 346 Springboard 1,150 27.4 14 21.4 490 15.5 22 4,010 St Anne's Shelter & Hsg Action 724 6.9 17 11.8 4 109 St Christophers Fellowship 107 50.5 14 14.3 6 16 St Helens 140 0.7 12 0.0 25 0.0 1 197 St John Kemble 19 0.0 11 0.0 87 0.0 1 180 St Marylebone 53 41.5 16 0.0 104 33.7 8 1,730 St Matthew Society 109 3.7 10 0.0 20 177 St Mungo Community 514 33.9 12 8.3 9 55 St Pancras 236 27.1 17 17.7 298 24.2 46 3,386 St Vincents HA 111 18.0 16 18.8 266 17.7 15 2,112 Staffordshire 76 2.6 14 0.0 350 3.1 4 1,802 Stoke On Trent HS 0 12 0.0 167 8.4 1 395 Stonham 1,811 6.8 11 9.1 135 435 Stort Valley 0 17 0.0 127 7.9 10 534 Suffolk 38 100.0 13 0.0 217 4.6 10 1,142 Suffolk Heritage 96 0.0 14 7.1 660 1.2 18 6,749 Surrey Community Trust 60 13.3 13 7.7 12 211 Surrey Heath 75 6.7 15 0.0 183 4.9 3 2,734 Sussex Housing And Care 173 4.6 14 0.0 44 0.0 6 309 Sutherland 0 7 14.3 16 0 Sutton 16 0.0 9 11.1 54 11.1 1 399 Swale 134 14.2 9 11.1 605 2.3 3 6,571 Swan 85 3.5 28 10.7 10 366 Swaythling 132 3.0 23 8.7 403 4.5 20 3,881 Tamar 11 9.1 10 0.0 76 5.3 4 400 Teachers Benevolent 52 13.5 12 0.0 80 10.0 11 501 Tees Valley HG 104 1.9 13 0.0 728 2.1 13 2,904 Templar HA 22 0.0 18 5.6 65 1.5 5 510 Ten Sixty Six 154 3.9 16 0.0 530 3.2 1 4,388 Testway 164 1.2 15 6.7 473 2.1 1 5,145 Thames 48 39.6 9 11.1 116 49.1 10 1,729 Thames Valley 107 26.2 11 0.0 319 21.9 54 184 Thames Valley Charitable 0 11 0.0 29 2,841 Thanet Community 62 0.0 15 0.0 303 3.3 1 2,468 Three Rivers 86 1.2 16 6.3 525 1.3 14 1,724 Threshold Key Homes 0 12 16.7 7 14 Threshold Tennant 193 50.3 15 13.3 224 36.2 18 3,028 Tonbridge & Malling 162 1.2 15 0.0 537 2.4 4 6,311 Touchstone 301 6.0 9 22.2 1,197 17.2 55 8,363 Tower Hamlets Community 45 37.8 17 29.4 1 1,254 Tower Homes 40 20.0 9 0.0 64 439 Town & County 0 9 0.0 6 112 Toynbee 57 40.4 16 25.0 226 38.1 15 2,008 Toynbee Partnership 4 75.0 16 25.0 5 0 Trident 260 31.9 11 0.0 248 27.0 10 2,067 Tung Sing 14 50.0 12 58.3 23 73.9 2 249 Tuntum 49 87.8 49 87.8 147 46.3 5 528 Turning Point 952 15.3 11 0.0 11 0 Two Care 201 13.9 9 0.0 9 0 Two Castles 107 0.0 11 0.0 354 0.9 22 1,878 Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Twynham 90 2.2 14 0.0 201 1.0 13 2,190 Tynedale 105 1.0 15 0.0 258 0.0 1 3,391 Ujima 127 95.3 11 90.9 332 69.6 18 2,701 United HA 12 58.3 12 75.0 91 52.8 3 570 United Churches (Birmingham) 6 83.3 7 100.0 26 88.5 1 121 Unity 25 60.0 11 81.8 180 65.0 1 880 Vale 169 1.2 15 0.0 356 2.3 2 4,847 Vange Community 1 0.0 10 0.0 53 3.8 1 706 Venture 28 0.0 11 0.0 209 10.5 2 1,243 Villages HA 56 0.0 8 0.0 183 2.7 1 1,789 Walbrook 264 15.9 11 18.2 452 18.4 14 2,423 Walterton & Elgin CH 11 45.5 20 25.0 40 45.0 1 519 Waltham Forest 12 25.0 12 25.0 25 44.0 1 312 Waltham Forest Community 53 41.5 16 25.0 124 62.9 1 1,360 Wandle 71 47.9 12 41.7 189 48.7 23 2,811 Warden 331 14.5 11 9.1 363 9.4 84 5,539 Warrington 34 2.9 11 0.0 124 1.6 1 1,048 Warwickshire Rural 0 9 0.0 4 165 Waterloo 99 4.0 13 15.4 418 7.9 19 2,737 Welwyn Garden City 74 13.5 12 0.0 47 0.0 1 283 West Devon Homes 36 2.8 17 5.9 98 0.0 1 1,362 West Hampstead HA 82 72.0 13 23.1 6 467 West Kent 137 5.8 10 0.0 446 2.9 2 5,313 West Links 121 0.0 16 0.0 203 0.5 1 3,766 West Mercia 45 4.4 10 10.0 1 0 West Pennine 79 10.1 11 27.3 386 19.7 11 2,489 West Wiltshire 147 2.0 18 0.0 484 3.5 2 5,095 West Yorkshire 49 10.2 13 15.4 111 15.3 6 689 Westcountry 141 1.4 13 15.4 300 3.3 15 2,334 Western Challenge HA 153 4.6 11 0.0 400 2.3 39 3,747 Western Challenge HG 0 9 0.0 1 0 Westfield 12 0.0 12 0.0 86 1.2 1 433 Westlea 205 1.5 18 11.1 382 0.3 3 5,694 Westway 18 100.0 10 100.0 23 60.9 5 338 Weymouth & Portland 106 0.9 18 5.6 48 2.1 2 3,003 Wherry 0 16 0.0 453 1.3 28 4,421 William Sutton Trust 556 9.0 9 22.2 1,807 6.5 43 15,822 Willow Park 195 4.6 14 14.3 514 5.3 1 6,350 Winchester HA 0 12 0.0 137 3.7 6 758 Winchester HG 44 0.0 12 0.0 1 0 Windmill 25 0.0 10 0.0 88 2.3 4 612 Windsor & District 101 5.0 14 7.1 314 3.2 8 3,255 Wirral Methodist 24 0.0 15 0.0 87 3.5 2 667 Wolds 5 0.0 14 0.0 18 0.0 5 201 Womens HT 10 20.0 7 0.0 5 38 Womens Pioneer 49 20.4 13 15.4 51 54.9 7 960 Worcestershire 38 5.3 11 0.0 144 3.5 7 896 Worthing Homes 63 3.2 17 5.9 112 5.4 2 2,343 Wrekin HT 513 1.4 16 0.0 1,607 4.0 1 12,251 Wycombe Friendship 0 9 0.0 11 45.5 2 101 Wyedean 7 100.0 11 100.0 117 0.9 2 344 Wykeham Properties 0 11 0.0 2 46 Wyre 109 1.8 18 0.0 456 1.1 6 2,931 Wyre Forest Community 407 1.5 18 0.0 453 0.7 1 5,983 York 30 0.0 9 0.0 53 5.7 5 336 Yorkshire Community 246 3.7 12 8.3 1,250 5.5 20 8,377 YWCA Of GB 56 28.6 20 0.0 1 0.0 5 56

Sources: Columns 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8: 2000 RSR. Columns 5 and 6: CORE 2000/01 Notes: 1 CORE data shown refers to general needs lettings only, hence HAs with few or no general needs units do not have any CORE data shown in this table. 2 Participation in CORE is not mandatory for all HAs and some smaller HAs do not provide their lettings information. 3 Data used in this analysis does not include late CORE submissions, therefore final 2000/01 CORE data may vary slightly from that shown. 4 Unit data refers to self-contained units owned only and therefore excludes shared and shared ownership units and stock managed on behalf of other organisations. 5 Some HAs shown may be non-asset holding HAs involved in group structures and therefore show zero stock. 6 HA names are per the 2001 RSR and may have changed in the intervening period. Appendix 3: Local authority boundary changes since 1991 census

Current name Previous name

Bath and NE Somerset Bath Brighton and Brighton Hove (part) East Yorkshire East Yorkshire Borough of Harrogate Harrogate (part) Herefordshire, County of Huntingdonshire Huntingdonshire (part) Isle of Wight Medina South Wight Malvern Hills (part) Malvern Hills (part) Medway Gillingham Rochester-upon-Medway North East Lincolnshire Cleethorpes Great Boothferry (part) Peterborough Huntingdonshire (part) Peterborough (part) Ryedale Ryedale (part) Selby Selby (part) Kingswood Stafford Stafford (part) Stoke-on-Trent Stafford (part) Stoke-on-Trent York Harrogate Ryedale (part) Selby (part) York

Appendix 4: Local authority name changes since 1991 census

Current name Previous name

Bedford North Bedfordshire Bracknell Bracknell Forest Newark Newark and Sherwood North Somerset Woodspring Redcar and Cleveland Langbaurgh-on-Tees Swindon Thamesdown Telford and Wrekin The Wrekin 234 West Berkshire Newbury