DOCSLIB.ORG

Information to Users

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. Order Number 8726664 Organizational adaptation of Japanese companies in the United States Ito, Kinko, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1987 Copyright ©1987 by Ito, Kinho. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark •/ . 1. Glossy photographs or pages_____ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides_______ of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in______ spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print _ _ _ _ _ 11. Page(s)____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages num bered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages _ _ / 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed a s received v / 16. Other___________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International ORGANIZATIONAL ADAPTATION OF JAPANESE COMPANIES IN THE UNITED STATES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Kinko Ito, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1987 Dissertation Committee: Approved by R.C. Hinkle G.J. Hinkle T. Koizumi Co-advisors Department of Sociology Copyright by Kinko Ito 1987 To My Parents ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Gisela J. Hinkle, Dr. Roscoe C. Hinkle, and Dr. Tetsunori Koizumi for their patience, support, and guidance throughout my graduate school days at the Ohio State University. Without them I would not have made it this far. I also want to thank the many faculty members, colleagues, and secretaries of the Department of Sociology who gave me insights about social life, psychological support, and fun. All these people made my stay in the department enjoyable and memorable. Sociology is truly a human business. Since it studies human societies and human beings in social settings, its research requires cooperation from the people studied. I feel very lucky to have met all the mangers and workers, both Japanese and American, by chance and also through the networks of their friends, acquaintances, and relatives. Had it not been for their understanding, help, and encouragement, this dissertation would have been impossible. I thank them for their kindness and contribution. I am very grateful to my friends, many of whom are international students themselves, for their understanding, friendship, and support. I will always remember those bowling nights, Casa Lupita nights, visiting Cedar Point (especially Demon Drop!), and many paseos. To my "producers", Kunio Ito and Teruko Ito, I offer sincere thanks for their unspoken yet very strong love and support throughout the years when I was absent from Japan. I am a modern woman and I may appear to value my individual aspiration and success over my filial duty, but you are always in my thoughts. To my brother Seiji, thanks for your understanding. VITA October 20th, 1957............... Born in Kasugai, Japan 1980............................. B.A. (English), Nanzan University, Nagoya, Japan 1982............................. M.A. (Sociology), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1982-1987........................ Graduate Teaching Associate Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Sociology Minor Field: Linguistics Studies in Social Psychology Dr. Gisela Hinkle Studies in Social Theory Dr. Roscoe Hinkle Dr. Gisela Hinkle Studies in Complex Organization Dr. Ronald Corwin Studies in Japanese Business Dr. Tetsunori Koizumi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................... iii VITA............................................................. .iv CHAPTER PAGE I. THE PROBLEM STATED............................................. 1 II. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ORGANIZATION......................8 2.1 Organization and Society.................................9 2.2 Organization, Environment, and Adaptation............... 9 2.3 Culture as Environment............... 13 2.4 Organizations in the United States: Towad the Construction of a Hypothesis..................21 III. REVIEW OF METHODOLOGY....................................... 28 3.1 Review of Organizational Methodology.................. 28 3.2 Ideal Types and History............................... 30 3.3 Research Design - Triangulation....................... 32 3.4 Settings.............................................. 32 3.5 Entry by Networks..................................... 34 3.6 Japanese Customs and Manners - My Lebenswelt.......... 39 3.7 Interview as Methodology.............................. 40 3.8 Making Appointments With Interviewees................. 41 3.9 Interview as Interaction.............................. 42 3.10 Interview Sites....................................... 43 3.11 Situational Talk As Source of Data.................... 45 3.12 Participant Observation............................... 47 3.13 Note Taking........................................... 48 3.14 Leaving The Field..................................... 49 3.15 Keeping In Touch...................................... 50 3 .16 Transcription of Interview Tapes...................... 50 3.17 Survey Design......................................... 51 3.18 General Characteristics of The Manufacturing Sample....51 3.19 Date Collection....................................... 52 3.20 Validity.............................................. 52 IV. HISTORY AND NATURE OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN JAPAN AND ABROAD.......................................... 54 4.1 Brief Economic and Industrial History of Japan......... 54 4.2 Japanese Organizations in Japan........................ 60 4.3 Structural Aspects of Japanese Organizations in Japan................................................ 63 v (1) Lifetime Commitment (Shushin koyo sei).............63 (2) Recruitment........................................ 66 (3) Training In Organization (Education and Socialization)..................................... 67 (4) The Nenko Pay System and "Holism"................. 70 (5) The Decision-Making Systen (Ringi & Nemawashi).... 73 (6) Slow Evaluation and Promotion......................75 4.4 Informal Organization And The Problem Of Solidarity....76 (1) Sense of Belonging -- Identification.............. 76 (2) Tsukiai (Afterwork fraternalization).............. 77 (3) Oyabun-kobun (Godfather - Godson)..................79 (4) Sempai-kohai (Senior -junior)......................81 (5) Implicit Control Mechanisms........................82 4.5 Japanese Organizations Abroad..........................83 (1) Kikkoman........................................... 84 (2) C. Itoh & Sumitomo.................................85 (3) Matsushita Quasar.................................. 88 V. A STUDY OF ADAPTATION OF JAPANESE BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN THE AMERICAN MIDWEST....................................... 96 5.1 Structural and Managerial Practices.....................96 (1) General Structure of Organization...................96 (2) Recruitment......................................... 98 ( 3 ) Training........................................... 100 (4) The Pay System, Benefits, and Holism...............100 (5) Ringi Decision-Making System.......................106 (6) Teamwork and Cooperation........................... 108 (7) Egalitarianism............................ 110 5 .2 Enhancing Social Solidarity in the United States...... Ill (1) Social Activities and Social Relations............ Ill (2) The Family Feeling and Job Satisfaction........... 115 5.3 Work Assessments of the American and Japanese Workers: Similarities and Differences..................115 (1) The American Workers............................... 118 (2) The American Attitude Toward The Japanese........
Recommended publications
  • Learning from Japan? Interpretations of Honda Motors by Strategic Management Theorists

    Learning from Japan? Interpretations of Honda Motors by Strategic Management Theorists

    Are cross-shareholdings of Japanese corporations dissolving? Evolution and implications MITSUAKI OKABE NISSAN OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES NO. 33 2001 NISSAN OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES FULL LIST OF PAST PAPERS No.1 Yamanouchi Hisaaki, Oe Kenzaburô and Contemporary Japanese Literature. No.2 Ishida Takeshi, The Introduction of Western Political concepts into Japan. No.3 Sandra Wilson, Pro-Western Intellectuals and the Manchurian Crisis. No.4 Asahi Jôji, A New Conception of Technology Education in Japan. No.5 R John Pritchard, An Overview of the Historical Importance of the Tokyo War Trial. No.6 Sir Sydney Giffard, Change in Japan. No.7 Ishida Hiroshi, Class Structure and Status Hierarchies in Contemporary Japan. No.8 Ishida Hiroshi, Robert Erikson and John H Goldthorpe, Intergenerational Class Mobility in Post-War Japan. No.9 Peter Dale, The Myth of Japanese Uniqueness Revisited. No.10 Abe Shirô, Political Consciousness of Trade Union Members in Japan. No.11 Roger Goodman, Who’s Looking at Whom? Japanese, South Korean and English Educational Reform in Comparative Perspective. No.12 Hugh Richardson, EC-Japan Relations - After Adolescence. No.13 Sir Hugh Cortazzi, British Influence in Japan Since the End of the Occupation (1952-1984). No.14 David Williams, Reporting the Death of the Emperor Showa. No.15 Susan Napier, The Logic of Inversion: Twentieth Century Japanese Utopias. No.16 Alice Lam, Women and Equal Employment Opportunities in Japan. No.17 Ian Reader, Sendatsu and the Development of Contemporary Japanese Pilgrimage. No.18 Watanabe Osamu, Nakasone Yasuhiro and Post-War Conservative Politics: An Historical Interpretation. No.19 Hirota Teruyuki, Marriage, Education and Social Mobility in a Former Samurai Society after the Meiji Restoration.
  • Crazy Ex Girlfriend

    Crazy Ex Girlfriend

    CRAZY EX-GIRLFRIEND Pilot Episode "West Covina" Written by Rachel Bloom and Aline Brosh McKenna CW Rewrite May 6, 2015 ACT 1 OVER BLACK WE HEAR THE STRAINS OF A SHOW TUNE FADE IN INT. AUDITORIUM -- CAMP CANYON GROVE -- DAY The theater of a summer camp. Hand painted sets, vintage costumes. A row of 16-year-olds perform “I’m In Love With A Wonderful Guy” from South Pacific. CAMP CHORUS FLATLY I'LL STAND ON MY LITTLE FLAT FEET AND SAY/ LOVE IS A GRAND AND A BEAUTIFUL THING!/ I'M NOT ASHAMED TO REVEAL/ THE WORLD FAMOUS FEELIN' I FEEL... We focus on a girl in the chorus: REBECCA BUNCH, 16, awkward, not quite grown into her skin. She is very enthusiastic about her small role. Rebecca throws a look into the wings. ANGLE ON: A jocky Asian teenager working backstage. This is JOSH CHAN, also 16. Rebecca winks. Josh gives a half-smile and a little bro wave. CAMP CHORUS (CONT’D) ...I’M AS CORNY AS KANSAS IN AUGUST/HIGH AS A FLAG ON THE FOURTH OF JULY... Rebecca looks for someone else, this time in the audience. We move across a row of eager parents snapping photos to find one woman, arms folded, judgmental, annoyed to be there. This is Rebecca’s mother, JANICE BUNCH, 30’s, ex-housewife, now divorced, living in an apartment, keeps busy by being bitter. Rebecca makes eye contact with her. Smiles. Janice’s expression does not change. GIRL PLAYING NELLIE IF YOU’LL EXCUSE AN EXPRESSION I USE/I’M IN LOVE/ I’M IN LOVE, I’M IN LOVE (etc)..
  • The Development of Japanese Cotton Weaving Industry in Edo Period

    The Development of Japanese Cotton Weaving Industry in Edo Period

    Takeshi Abe Osaka University [email protected] The Development of Japanese Cotton Weaving Industry in Edo Period Introduction Prior to the Japanese industrialization which began in the late 1880s, manufacturing such as weaving, silk reeling, brewery, and the related commerce had already highly developed around the farming villages in the Edo period (1603-1868). We have many Japanese books and articles that argued about the Japanese manufacturing in the period, especially after the latter half of 18th century1. However, most of them argue about only one industry at a specific narrow area, and neglected the development of the industry in the whole Japan. In addition, such basic facts as the starting period of the respective local industries, the transition of their production, and so on, are not necessarily known, although the literature well elucidated the differences of production forms (i.e., putting-out or manufactory). There were lots of manufacturing industries in the Edo period. Table 1 shows the production values of the important industries in 1874, which reflect the approximate situation at the end of the Edo period. According to this table, brewery and weaving were most important, and in weaving, cotton and silk were overwhelming. This paper focuses on the cotton weaving industry, and confirms quantitatively the transition of production volumes, further considering about some aspects of its development all over Japan. 1 Ichikawa (1958) is an excellent survey about them. 1 1. Basic Data In the Edo period, with the penetration of market economy, cotton cloth, which was the material of popular kimono and the other wear, came to be woven in the many local areas, closely related to the production of raw cotton and hand-spun yarn.
  • A La Découverte I^

    A La Découverte I^

    KARATE : Tous les combats de l'Ôpen de Paris. PS,: i f» revue mondiale d'Arts Martiaux N° 309 - février 29 ma 18e f estival d Arts Martial '; - Reportage exclusif au Japon A la découverte I^ o co Dossier spécial Leurs secrets enfin révélés Les meilleures techniques, pour devenir invincible / Kung-fu : Howard Choy, Dans l'intil le maître de l'énergie du Kina duK-1 somm Éditeur : Européenne de Magazines, 44, avenue George \8 PARIS. Tél. 01 49 52 14 00. Fax : 01 49 52 14 44. Site Internet : http://www.karatebushido.com Karaté-Bushido N° 309 - Février 2003 Printed in France Grand Couverture : Ninja (remerciementsà Budostore et Judogi, età Patrick Vo qui a revêtu le costume de ninja), Howard Choy, Reportage Ernesto Hoost, Abdelhakim Mesbah. Photos : J. Vayriot au Japon Incroyable ! 4. Zooms Découvrez 14. Courrier des lecteurs le berceau des Ninjas, 16.Édito les 18. Panorama des Arts Martiaux guerriers 22. Stages de l'ombre. p.28 24. Club Rruce Lee 28. Grand Reportage Ninjutsu. Destination Iga, le berceau des Ninjas 36. Grand Maître Howard Choy, le Kung-fu volcanique 41. Dossier : les secrets des points vitaux 46. Savoir-faire Les techniques pour bien absorber les coups 50. Décryptage Katana : Le sabre des samouraïs © 52. Découverte Dossier Le voile se lève enfin sur Savoir-faire Comment Kiryuho, un Budo interne entre Aïkido et Tai Ji Quan les secrets des points vitaux avec absorber efficacement les 56. La chronique d'Henry Plée l'expert américain Marc Kline. coups, p. 46 58. Le Club du Mois Explications et photos à l'appui ! La Mante belge : champion de la danse du lion p.41 68.
  • Himeji – (2 Hours) Dinner and Overnight in Himeji

    Himeji – (2 Hours) Dinner and Overnight in Himeji

    Travelling the path of Musashi *Note: This itinerary doesn’t follow Musashi’s life in chronological order due to travel logistics. It does however, begin and end at his place of birth and death. The trip begins with a flight to Osaka, Japan. Depending on when flights arrive (day or evening) will dictate on which day the true itinerary begins. Day 1: Mimasaka Visit Musashi museum/shrine; believe to be the birthplace of Musashi. (About an hour visit) Depart Osaka by train [Japan Railways Limited Express operates a train from Osaka to Mimasaka, every 4 hours. Tickets cost $30 - $45 and the journey takes 1 h 37 min.] It is ten minutes on foot from Chizu railroad Miyamoto Musashi Station. Taxi to Hirafuku – 30 min ride from Mimasaka to Hyogo Sayo-cho in Hirafuku. At the age of 13 years old, Musashi challenged Kihei Arima who practiced Katori Shinto Ryu. Musashi attacked with a staff, and Kihei defended with a Wakizashi. Masashi threw Kihei to the ground with his hands, and then beat him to death as he tried to get up. Train to Himeji – (2 hours) dinner and overnight in Himeji Day 2: Himeji In his 30’s; Musashi helped in the construction of Akashi Castle and helped organize the layout of the town of Himeji. During his stay, he taught martial arts, particularly kenjutsu and shuriken throwing, and he perfected his Enmei-ryu kenjutsu style. Visit castle and local sites. Train to Sekigahara 2.5 hours. (0vernight in Sekigahara town) Day 3: Battle of Sekigahara Sekigahara was the biggest, the bloodiest, the most violent and most important of all samurai battles, fought between the factions of a nation divided in two, East and West.
  • Treasures of Jodo Shinshu and the Hongwanji II —The Preservation of Beauty and Teachings—

    Treasures of Jodo Shinshu and the Hongwanji II —The Preservation of Beauty and Teachings—

    Special Exhibition Treasures of Jodo Shinshu and the Hongwanji II —The Preservation of Beauty and Teachings— March 4th to June 11th, 2017 at Ryukoku Museum List of Works Notes • The list numbers corespond to the exhibition labels. • Not all the works of this list will be exhibited at the same time because of the exhibition rotations. Chapter 1 Past Chief Priests of Hongwanji No. Title Artist or Author Materials Date Location and Owner [National Treasure] Inscription and Endorsed Muromachi period, 1 Colors on silk Hongwanji, Kyoto Portrait of Shinran (Anjō no Go'ei ) by Rennyo (1415-99) Bunmei 11 (1479) Momoyama period, 2 Portraits of Shinran (Hana no Go'ei ) Colors on silk Hongyō-ji, Shiga 16th-17th century Endorsed by Muromachi period, 3 Portraits of Shinran Colors on silk Konjōbō, Toyama Jitsunyo (1458-1525) Meiō 6 (1497) Endorsed by Muromachi period, 4 Portraits of Shinran Colors on silk Hōon-ji, Toyama Shōnyo (1516-54) 16th century Wood with Kamakura-Nambokuchō 5 Seated Image of Shinran pigments, Hongaku-ji, Fukui period, 14th century crystal Eyes Wood with toned Nambokuchō-Muromachi 6 Seated Image of Shinran repairs, Konkaikōmyō-ji, Kyoto period, 14th-15th century crystal Eyes Illustrated Biography of Shinran Nambokuchō period, 7 Colors on paper Kōraku-ji, Nagano (Hongwanji shōnin Shinran denne ) 14th century [Important Cultural Property] Inscription by Nambokuchō period, Jōsembō in Temma, 8 Illustrated Biography of Shinran Colors on paper Zonkaku (1290-1373) 14th century Osaka (Hongwanji shōnin Shinran denne ) by Tokuriki Zensetsu,
  • In Silent Homage to Amaterasu: Kagura Secret Songs at Ise Jingū and the Imperial Palace Shrine

    In Silent Homage to Amaterasu: Kagura Secret Songs at Ise Jingū and the Imperial Palace Shrine

    In Silent Homage to Amaterasu: Kagura Secret Songs at Ise Jingū and the Imperial Palace Shrine in Modern and Pre-modern Japan Michiko Urita A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Patricia Shehan Campbell, Chair Jeffrey M. Perl Christina Sunardi Paul S. Atkins Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Music ii ©Copyright 2017 Michiko Urita iii University of Washington Abstract In Silent Homage to Amaterasu: Kagura Secret Songs at Ise Jingū and the Imperial Palace Shrine in Modern and Pre-modern Japan Michiko Urita Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Patricia Shehan Campbell Music This dissertation explores the essence and resilience of the most sacred and secret ritual music of the Japanese imperial court—kagura taikyoku and kagura hikyoku—by examining ways in which these two songs have survived since their formation in the twelfth century. Kagura taikyoku and kagura hikyoku together are the jewel of Shinto ceremonial vocal music of gagaku, the imperial court music and dances. Kagura secret songs are the emperor’s foremost prayer offering to the imperial ancestral deity, Amaterasu, and other Shinto deities for the well-being of the people and Japan. I aim to provide an understanding of reasons for the continued and uninterrupted performance of kagura secret songs, despite two major crises within Japan’s history. While foreign origin style of gagaku was interrupted during the Warring States period (1467-1615), the performance and transmission of kagura secret songs were protected and sustained. In the face of the second crisis during the Meiji period (1868-1912), which was marked by a threat of foreign invasion and the re-organization of governance, most secret repertoire of gagaku lost their secrecy or were threatened by changes to their traditional system of transmissions, but kagura secret songs survived and were sustained without losing their iv secrecy, sacredness, and silent performance.
  • Universitatea

    Universitatea

    10.2478/ewcp-2020-0011 Japan’s Food Culture – From Dango (Dumplings) to Tsukimi (Moon-Viewing) Burgers OANA-MARIA BÎRLEA Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Abstract The purpose of this essay is to present how Japanese eating habits have changed in the context of globalization. We start from the premise that eating is not merely about meeting a basic need, but about creating a relationship with nature. It can be regarded as a ritual practice because it reveals a culture and its people’s beliefs, values and mind-sets. As Geert Hofstede et al. note, life in Japan is highly ritualized and there are a lot of ceremonies (192). Starting from the idea that food consumption is based on rituals too, we intend to explain the relationship between eating habits and lifestyle change in contemporary Japan. Considering that the Japanese diet is based on whole or minimally processed foods, we ask ourselves how Western food habits ended up being adopted and adapted so quickly in the Japanese society. With this purpose in mind, we intend to describe some of the most important festivals and celebrations in Japan, focusing on the relationship between special occasions and food. In other words, we aim to explain the cultural significance of food and eating and to see if and how these habits have changed in time. Keywords: Japan, Japanese culture, gastronomy, globalization, traditional eating, modern eating, food studies, eating habits, change, food-body-self relationship. Oana-Maria Bîrlea 55 Introduction The Japanese are known for their attention to detail, balance and desire to improve (Sarkar 134).
  • Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J

    Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J

    Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei mandara Talia J. Andrei Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2016 © 2016 Talia J.Andrei All rights reserved Abstract Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J. Andrei This dissertation examines the historical and artistic circumstances behind the emergence in late medieval Japan of a short-lived genre of painting referred to as sankei mandara (pilgrimage mandalas). The paintings are large-scale topographical depictions of sacred sites and served as promotional material for temples and shrines in need of financial support to encourage pilgrimage, offering travelers worldly and spiritual benefits while inspiring them to donate liberally. Itinerant monks and nuns used the mandara in recitation performances (etoki) to lead audiences on virtual pilgrimages, decoding the pictorial clues and touting the benefits of the site shown. Addressing themselves to the newly risen commoner class following the collapse of the aristocratic order, sankei mandara depict commoners in the role of patron and pilgrim, the first instance of them being portrayed this way, alongside warriors and aristocrats as they make their way to the sites, enjoying the local delights, and worship on the sacred grounds. Together with the novel subject material, a new artistic language was created— schematic, colorful and bold. We begin by locating sankei mandara’s artistic roots and influences and then proceed to investigate the individual mandara devoted to three sacred sites: Mt. Fuji, Kiyomizudera and Ise Shrine (a sacred mountain, temple and shrine, respectively).
  • A Stylistic Analysis of 2Pac Shakur's Rap Lyrics: in the Perpspective of Paul Grice's Theory of Implicature

    A Stylistic Analysis of 2Pac Shakur's Rap Lyrics: in the Perpspective of Paul Grice's Theory of Implicature

    California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Digitization Project John M. Pfau Library 2002 A stylistic analysis of 2pac Shakur's rap lyrics: In the perpspective of Paul Grice's theory of implicature Christopher Darnell Campbell Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project Part of the Rhetoric Commons Recommended Citation Campbell, Christopher Darnell, "A stylistic analysis of 2pac Shakur's rap lyrics: In the perpspective of Paul Grice's theory of implicature" (2002). Theses Digitization Project. 2130. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2130 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the John M. Pfau Library at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses Digitization Project by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF 2PAC SHAKUR'S RAP LYRICS: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PAUL GRICE'S THEORY OF IMPLICATURE A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in English: English Composition by Christopher Darnell Campbell September 2002 A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF 2PAC SHAKUR'S RAP LYRICS: IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PAUL GRICE'S THEORY OF IMPLICATURE A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino by Christopher Darnell Campbell September 2002 Approved.by: 7=12 Date Bruce Golden, English ABSTRACT 2pac Shakur (a.k.a Makaveli) was a prolific rapper, poet, revolutionary, and thug. His lyrics were bold, unconventional, truthful, controversial, metaphorical and vulgar.
  • Of Mice and Maidens: Ideologies of Interspecies Romance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Japan

    Of Mice and Maidens: Ideologies of Interspecies Romance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Japan

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2014 Of Mice and Maidens: Ideologies of Interspecies Romance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Japan Laura Nuffer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian Studies Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Nuffer, Laura, "Of Mice and Maidens: Ideologies of Interspecies Romance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Japan" (2014). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1389. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1389 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1389 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Of Mice and Maidens: Ideologies of Interspecies Romance in Late Medieval and Early Modern Japan Abstract Interspecies marriage (irui kon'in) has long been a central theme in Japanese literature and folklore. Frequently dismissed as fairytales, stories of interspecies marriage illuminate contemporaneous conceptions of the animal-human boundary and the anxieties surrounding it. This dissertation contributes to the emerging field of animal studies yb examining otogizoshi (Muromachi/early Edo illustrated narrative fiction) concerning elationshipsr between human women and male mice. The earliest of these is Nezumi no soshi ("The Tale of the Mouse"), a fifteenth century ko-e ("small scroll") attributed to court painter Tosa Mitsunobu. Nezumi no soshi was followed roughly a century later by a group of tales collectively named after their protagonist, the mouse Gon no Kami. Unlike Nezumi no soshi, which focuses on the grief of the woman who has unwittingly married a mouse, the Gon no Kami tales contain pronounced comic elements and devote attention to the mouse-groom's perspective.
  • Multicultural and Multiethnic Education in Japan

    Multicultural and Multiethnic Education in Japan

    Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook No.4, December, 2009, pp.53-65 Multicultural and Multiethnic Education in Japan NOMOTO, Hiroyuki* In Japan, the Ainu people have been living mainly in Hokkaido and many Koreans continue to live since the end of the World War Two. Since 1990’s, the number of migrant workers has increased rapidly. In this sence, Japanese soci- ety has been multicultural and multiethnic. However, those minority groups have been strictly discriminated against in Japanese society and in schools, they have not been given opportunities to multicultural and multiethnic education. Against the ignorance of their culture and language, those minority groups established their own schools apart from existing school system to educate their children with pride of their own culture and language. Today those interna- tional and ethnic schools have an important role in providing foreign children with alternative education. Then, those schools have to be supported financially by the Government. The struggle of the Ainu people to establish their own school should be also supported by the Government, since the Ainu people have been recognized as an indigenous people by the Japanese Government. With globalization, the number of foreign students has rapidly increased in public schools. In order to respond to the educational needs of those chil- dren, the educational authorities have begun to provide them with special pro- grams for teaching Japanese as a Second Language (JSL) and with native language instruction. Concerning JSL programs, the period of the program should be extended to more than 5 years. It is too short to develop cognitive/academic language proficiency (CALP).