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Coral Reef Conservation in Marine Protected Areas Conservación De Coral Reef Conservation in Marine Protected Areas A Case Study of Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic Part 3 of 3 in a Series on Science Tools for Marine Park Management Edited by Mark Chiappone Translated into Spanish by Maria Bello and Georgina Bustamante Conservación de Arrecifes Coralinos en Áreas Marinas Protegidas Estudio del Parque Nacional del Este, República Dominicana Parte 3 de una serie de 3 documentos para el manejo de parques marinos Editado por Mark Chiappone Traducido por María Bello y Georgina Bustamante Coral(inside)-R1.id 1 11/5/01, 4:55 PM Copyright © 2001, The Nature Conservancy. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, without permission in writing from the publishers. For more information, contact: The Nature Conservancy Caribbean Division 4245 N. Fairfax Drive Arlington, Virginia 22203, USA Telephone: (703) 841-4860 Coral Reef Conservation in Marine Protected Areas: A Case Study of Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic ISBN: 1-886765-12-X Edited by Mark Chiappone Translated into Spanish by Maria Bello and Georgina Bustamante Cover photographs: Patrice Ceisel Layout & Design: Francisco Vasquez Published by: Publications for Capacity Building, The Nature Conservancy Headquarters, 4245 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203, USA - Tel.: (703) 841-4880, email: [email protected] This publication was made possible through support provided by the Offi ce LAC/RSD/, Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, U.S. Agency for International Development, under terms of Grant No. LAG-A-00-95-00026-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. Derechos reservados © 2001, The Nature Conservancy. Todos los derechos reservados. Ninguna parte de este documento puede ser reproducida en forma electrónica, mecánica u otra cualquiera sin la autorización por escrito de la editora. Para más información, comuníquese con: The Nature Conservancy Caribbean Division 4245 N. Fairfax Drive Arlington, Virginia 22203, USA Teléfono: (703) 841-4860 Conservación de Arrecifes Coralinos en Áreas Marinas Protegidas: Estudio del Parque Nacional del Este, República Dominicana ISBN: 1-886765-12-X Editado por Mark Chiappone Traducido por María Bello y Georgina Bustamante Fotografía de la portada: Patrice Ceisel Diseño y diagramación: Francisco Vasquez Publicado por: Publications for Capacity Building, The Nature Conservancy Headquarters, 4245 N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203, USA - Tel.: (703) 841-4880, email: [email protected] Esta publicación ha sido posible gracias al apoyo de la Ofi cina LAC/RSD/, Bureau para América Latina y el Caribbean, Agencia para el Desarrollo Internacional de los Estados Unidos, bajo los términos del acuerdo No. LAG-A-00-95- 00026-00. Las opiniones expresadas aquí son las de la autora y no refl ejan necesariamente las opiniones de la Agencia para el Desarrollo Internacional de los Estados Unidos. Coral(inside)-R1.id 2 11/5/01, 4:55 PM LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS (ALPHABETICAL)/ CONTRIBUIDORES (EN ÓRDEN ALFABÉTICO) Mark Chiappone Center for Marine Science and NOAA’s National Undersea Research Center, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 515 Caribbean Drive, Key Largo, FL 33037, USA Francisco X. Geraldes Fundación Dominicana Pro-Investigación y Conservación de los Recursos Marinos (MAMMA), César Nicolás Pensón #83, P.O. Box 748, Santo Domingo and Centro de Investigaciones de Biología Marina (CIBIMA), Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Apartado Postal No. 1355, Santo Domingo, RD Lisa Greer Division of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA Bill Kiene Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA Enrique Pugibet Fundación Dominicana Pro-Investigación y Conservación de los Recursos Marinos (MAMMA), César Nicolás Pensón #83, P.O. Box 748, Santo Domingo and Acuario Nacional, Avenida España, Santo Domingo, RD Yira Rodriguez Fundación Dominicana Pro-Investigación y Conservación de los Recursos Marinos (MAMMA), César Nicolás Pensón #83, P.O. Box 748, Santo Domingo, RD Emily Schmitt Department of Biology, University of Miami, P.O. Box 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA Kathleen M. Sullivan Sealey Department of Biology, University of Miami, P.O. Box 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA Peter K. Swart Division of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA Rubén E. Torres Fundación Dominicana Pro-Investigación y Conservación de los Recursos Marinos (MAMMA), César Nicolás Pensón #83, P.O. Box 748, Santo Domingo, RD John Tschirky The Nature Conservancy, Caribbean Division, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203, USA Mónica Vega Fundación Dominicana Pro-Investigación y Conservación de los Recursos Marinos (MAMMA), César Nicolás Pensón #83, P.O. Box 748, Santo Domingo and Acuario Nacional, Avenida España, Santo Domingo, RD Coral(inside)-R1.id 3 11/5/01, 4:55 PM Coral(inside)-R1.id 4 11/5/01, 4:55 PM Foreword Prólogo Parque Nacional del Este (PNE) is the second-largest El Parque Nacional del Este (PNE) es, por su tamaño, la segunda coastal national park in the Dominican Republic, compris- área protegida de la República Dominicana, y ocupa alrededor de ing over 434 km2 of terrestrial habitats and an additional 434 km2 de hábitats terrestres, a los que se suman 120 km2 de 120 km2 of shallow-water (< 30 m depth) marine habitats hábitats marinos en aguas someras de menos de 30 m de profundi- (not legally included to date). Located in the southeastern dad (no incluidas ofi cialmente). Localizado en el sudeste de la Repú- Dominican Republic, PNE is a landscape representative of blica Dominicana, el PNE tiene un paisaje típico muy similar al que what would have been seen by the native inhabitants of debieron haber visto los nativos, en la época anterior a la coloni- the area prior to Spanish colonization in the 15th century. zación española del siglo XVI. Además de sus recursos biológicos, In addition to its biological resources, PNE has a rich cul- el PNE posee una rica historia cultural representada por cavernas, tural history represented by caverns richly adorned with ampliamente adornadas con pictografías precolombinas y petrogli- pre-Columbian pictographs and petroglyphs that probably fos, que probablemente funcionaron como centros ceremoniales. El functioned as ceremonial centers. The Park was established parque fue establecido por el decreto No. 1311 del 16 de septiem- by National Decree #1311 on September 16, 1975. Prior bre de 1975. Antes de su establecimiento, se realizaron algunos to and after the Park’s establishment, very few investiga- estudios preliminares para hacer una evaluación ecológica del área tions were carried out to evaluate the area for its ecolog- y conocer las potencialidades para convertirlo en un parque nacio- ical value and potential for development as a “modern” nal “moderno”. national park. Desde 1993, la División de Latinoamérica y el Caribe de The Since 1993, The Nature Conservancy’s Latin Amer- Nature Conservancy (TNC/LACD) ha estado ligada al proyecto de ican and Caribbean Division (TNC/LACD) have been conservación y biodiversidad del PNE a través de un programa engaged in a biodiversity conservation project in PNE conocido como Parques en Peligro o PeP (en inglés, Parks-in-Peril through its Parks-in-Peril Program (PiP). This innovative o PiP). Este innovador programa funciona actualmente en 61 sitios program focuses work at 61 sites in 18 countries within de 18 países del área de América Latina y el Caribe, como un Latin America and the Caribbean, in an effort to provide esfuerzo para dar asistencia de emergencia y transformar los par- emergency assistance to transform “paper” parks into func- ques en áreas efectivamente protegidas y funcionales. Veintitrés tioning and effective protected areas. A subset (23) of these de estos sitios, incluyendo el PNE, están respaldados económica- sites, including PNE, is funded in large part by the United mente por la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Inter- States Agency for International Development (USAID). nacional (USAID). The PIP program is a broad partnership primarily El PiP es un programa de amplia colaboración, fundamen- between TNC, the international donor and conservation talmente entre TNC, donantes internacionales, comunidades con- community, and in-country private and public conservation servacionistas y organizaciones públicas o privadas del país. Este organizations. It has become one of the most comprehen- programa se ha convertido en una de las iniciativas internacionales sive and successful international initiatives in protected-area- más amplias y exitosas en la protección de áreas para la conser- based biodiversity conservation in the Western Hemisphere. vación de la biodiversidad en el hemisferio occidental. El PiP fue V Coral(inside)-R1.id 5 11/5/01, 4:55 PM PIP was designed to secure minimum critical management diseñado para asegurar niveles mínimos de manejo en cada uno for each of the targeted sites. The four goals of PIP are: de los lugares escogidos y tiene cuatro objetivos fundamentales: 1) to provide conservation infrastructure such as buildings, 1) Proveer infraestructura (instalaciones, personal, ciencia, entrena- science, personnel,
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