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Cca) Treated Lumber Along a Topohydrosequence University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Master's Theses Graduate School 2010 CHROMIUM, COPPER, AND ARSENIC CONCENTRATION AND SPECIATION IN SOIL ADJACENT TO CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) TREATED LUMBER ALONG A TOPOHYDROSEQUENCE Donald Roy Schwer III University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Schwer, Donald Roy III, "CHROMIUM, COPPER, AND ARSENIC CONCENTRATION AND SPECIATION IN SOIL ADJACENT TO CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) TREATED LUMBER ALONG A TOPOHYDROSEQUENCE" (2010). University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 68. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/68 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF THESIS CHROMIUM, COPPER, AND ARSENIC CONCENTRATION AND SPECIATION IN SOIL ADJACENT TO CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) TREATED LUMBER ALONG A TOPOHYDROSEQUENCE Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), and Copper (Cu) are ubiquitous in soils as a result of anthropogenic and geogenic processes. The fate of As, Cr, and Cu in the environment is largely governed by their speciation, which is influenced by soil physiochemical properties. This study investigated the influence of soil physiochemical properties and landscape position on As, Cr, and Cu concentration and speciation in soils adjacent to Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) treated lumber fence posts. Concentration gradients showed elevated total As and Cu adjacent to the three fence posts, which decreased with increasing distance from the posts. In addition, As and Cu had higher concentrations in the surface soil samples than the subsoil samples possibly due to enhanced weathering of the CCA treated posts at the surface. Concentrations of As, Cr, and Cu were similar among the Maury and Donerail silt loam, however, they were closer to the background concentration in the Newark silt loam, a partially hydric soil, indicating mobility of the metals. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy indicates As(V) is the predominate species which is principally coordinated with Fe and Al whereas, Cu(II) is coordinated with soil organic matter. Overall, the use of CCA treated lumber as a metal source can help determine how soil properties influence mobility and speciation of As, Cr, and Cu across the soil landscape. KEYWORDS: Arsenic, Chromium, Copper, Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), Chromated Copper Arsenic (CCA) lumber ___Donald R. Schwer III____ ________5/5/2010_________ CHROMIUM, COPPER, AND ARSENIC CONCENTRATION AND SPECIATION IN SOIL ADJACENT TO CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) TREATED LUMBER ALONG A TOPOHYDROSEQUENCE By Donald Roy Schwer III Dr. David H. McNear . (Director of Thesis) Dr. Charles T. Dougherty . (Director of Graduate Studies) ___________5/5/2010_____________ RULES FOR THE USES OF THESES Unpublished theses submitted for the Master’s degree and deposited in the University of Kentucky Library are as a rule open for inspection, but are to be used only with due regard to the right of the authors. Bibliographical references may be noted, but quotations or summaries of parts may be published only with the permission of the author, and with the usual scholarly acknowledgments. Extensive copying or publication of the thesis in whole or in part also requires the consent of the Dean of the Graduate School of the University of Kentucky. A library that borrows this thesis for use by its patrons is expected to secure the signature of each user. Name Date ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ THESIS Donald Roy Schwer III The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2010 CHROMIUM, COPPER, AND ARSENIC CONCENTRATION AND SPECIATION IN SOIL ADJACENT TO CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) TREATED LUMBER ALONG A TOPOHYDROSEQUENCE THESIS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the College of Agriculture at the University of Kentucky By Donald Roy Schwer III Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. David H. McNear Jr., Professor of Rhizosphere Science Lexington, Kentucky 2010 Copyright © Donald Roy Schwer III, 2010 In the loving memory of my grandfather, Donald R. Schwer Sr. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I sincerely thank my advisor, Dr. David H. McNear, for his time, knowledge, and support. I am grateful to my committee, Dr. Chris Matocha and Dr. Elisa D’Angelo. Additionally, I thank all the members of the Rhizosphere Science Laboratory during my stay: Joe Kupper, Rick Lewis, Rebecca Sims, Sally Chambers, Ryan Quire, Ryan Hamann, Jingqi Guo, and Usha Sundaram. I would also like to thank everyone else that assisted in this work: Dr. Jason Unrine, Dr. Frank Sikora, Dr. Matthew Marcus, Dr. Matt Newville, Martin Vandiviere, and the folks at Spindletop Farm that assisted in digging soil profiles. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. M. Grafe, Dr. D.L. Sparks, and Dr. D. Strawn for providing standards. I am most grateful for the support and encouragement provided by my parents, Don and Mary Schwer, and my wife, Laura Schwer, as well as, the rest of my family and friends. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………….….…iii List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………viii List of Figures…………………………………………………………………….………ix List of Files………………………………………………………………………………..x Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review .................................................................. 1 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Review of Literature ..................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Metal Sequestration in Soils ...................................................................................... 2 1.1.1.1 pH and Eh: Master Variables .............................................................................. 2 1.1.1.2 Soil Surface Charge ............................................................................................. 3 1.1.1.2.1 Mineral-Metal Interaction ................................................................................ 3 1.1.1.2.2 Organic Matter-Metal Interaction .................................................................... 4 1.1.1.3 Biotic Controls on Metal Mobility ...................................................................... 4 1.1.2 Sources of Arsenic, Chromium, and Copper in the Environment ............................. 5 1.1.3 Arsenic ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.3.1 Natural Sources ................................................................................................... 6 1.1.3.2 Anthropogenic Sources ....................................................................................... 7 1.1.3.3 General Arsenic Chemistry ................................................................................. 8 1.1.3.4 Arsenic Sequestration in Soils............................................................................. 9 1.1.3.5 Sorption Sites in Soil ......................................................................................... 11 1.1.3.6 Kinetics and Extent of Adsorption .................................................................... 12 1.1.3.7 Effects of pH on Adsorption ............................................................................. 13 1.1.3.8 Soil Solution Constituents Effect on Arsenic Adsorption ................................. 15 1.1.3.9 Desorption ......................................................................................................... 17 1.1.3.10 Reduction/ Oxidation ...................................................................................... 18 1.1.3.11 Microbial Transformations of Arsenic ............................................................ 19 1.1.4 Chromium ................................................................................................................ 20 1.1.4.1 Natural Sources ................................................................................................. 20 1.1.4.2 Anthropogenic Sources ..................................................................................... 22 iv 1.1.4.3 Chromium in the environment .........................................................................
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