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Nº 565 1987 Febrero

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Nº 565 1987 Febrero REVISTA DE LAS ARMAS Y SERVICIOS FEBRERO 1987 AÑO XLVIII. NUM. 565 REVISTA DE LOS MANDOS SUBALTERNOS FEBRERO 1987 AÑO XLVI. NUM. 537 EDITA SERVICIO DE PUBLICACIONES DEL ESTADO MAYOR DEL EJERCITO DIRECCION ADMINISTRACION CONSEJO DE REDACCION Director: Jefe: Coroneles AREBA BLANCÓ, DE LA Coronel GONZALEZ RUIZ Coronel GUIO CASTAÑOS PUENTE SICRE y CALAMA ROSELLO, Tenientes Coroneles PEÑAS PEREZ, QUE- Subdirector y 2.° Jefe: RO RODILES, BENITO GONZALEZyTO Jefe de colaboraciones: Comandante PEREZ TEIJEIRO RRES MEDINA, Comandantes ORTEGA Coronel MARTIN y LLORET GADEA. GUERRERO ROIZ DE LA PARRA Jefe de Ediciones: Promotor de Publicidad: Coronel SESE CERESUELA ANGEL SANDOVAL Confeccionador, maquetista y dirección artística:FEDERICO BLANCO. Paginas EJERCITO GUION Editorial 3 3 Abreviaturas 6 6 Orientaciones para la consulta del Balance Militar 9 9 Guión 1 1 Países y Pactos pdncip&es EJERCITO GUION Indice de países, . ... .,. .. .,.. ..... 14 14 Estados Unidos.....,. ,, ,, . ,... ...,.. ,, .,. ., .,. .. , , ,,. ,,.,,, , , 15 15 Unión Soviética... ....., 37 29 Las Alianzas y Europa • EV Pacto de Varsovia 59 43 • EV Tratado del Atlántico Norte82 50 • Otros países europeos112 72 Oriente Medio y el Norte de Africa 120 80 Africa al Sur del Sáhara157 101 Asia y Australasia 264 132 Hispanoamérica 236 156 • Cuadros y AnáU&s 1. Vectores de lanzamiento nuclear desplegados en el mundo 277 181 2. Sistemas de armas nucleares potenciales OTAN/Pacto de Varsovia en Europa 286 190 3. Principales convenios de armamento conocidos concertadosentre julio de 1985 y julio de 1986288 192 4. Comparación de presupuestos de defensa y efectivos de personal291 195 5. Estimación del equilibrio estratégico nuclear296 200 6. El equilibrio convencional Este-Oeste en Europa301 205 7. Comparación entra presupuestos gener&es de algunos gobiernos en el período 1973-83307 211 8. Presupuestos de defensa en los países de la OTAN, Japón y Suecia en el período 1973-85.,309 213 9. Tendencias en el campo de la economía y fia defensa311 215 10. Enmiendas al Balance Militar 1985-86., . ,,,, . , ,., 313 217 La Revista «Ejárcftos as ia publicación profesional mliltar doí Estado Mayor del Ejército, editado par sta Servicio de PublIcacIones. Tiene como fInalidad facilitar el Intercambio do Ideas sobre problemas mllitaros y contribuir a le actualización do conocimientos y a la cultura do loo Oficiales. Está abierta a cuantos compañeros sientan Inquietud por loe tomes prafeelonelos. Los trabajes publicados representan, ónlcamente, la opinión porsonal do les autores. Redacclón y Administración: Alcalá, 18, 4. - 29014 MADR ID.Apartado da Correos 317 Teléfono 522 52 54. Corresponden cia técnica, al Subdirector. Para suscripcionss y asuntos económicos, al Administrador. Precios: Suscripción colectiva Cuerpos: 150 ptas. Suscripción individual para militares: 2.000 ptas. año, Público en general: 2.600 ptas. año. Extrenjerct 4.800 ptas. año. Número suelto: 240 ptas. Número sualto extranjero: 435 ptas. Balance Militar: Precio número suelto: 600 ptas. Precio número suelto extranjero: 800 ptas. Sobre estos precios se cargará un 8 por ciento del IVA. Ümprime: írnpranta Huérfanos Guardia Clvii. Príncipe do rgara, 248. 28016 MADRID. Oapóeito legal: M. 1633-1958. ISSN 0013-2918- NIPO: 085-57-001-0. C OMO es conocido por nuestros lectores, el Balance Militar que publican las Revistas Ejército y Guión está editado en su original por el prestigioso International Institute for Strategic Studies, en Londres. El fallecimientG el pasado año del coronel Jonathan Alford, con el que este Servicio man tenía muy cordiales relaciones, especialmente para la edición del Balance Militar en castellanó, ha supuesto un notable retraso en su aparición en inglés y, por tanto, en nuestras revistas, que solían publicarlos en el mes de noviembre.- Desde estas páginas expresamos nuestra más sincera concfolencia por la pérdida de tan ilustre militar, inves tigador y colaborador, «Deputy Director» del citado Instituto, lamentando tan sensible pérdida. El Balance Militar 1985-1986, como todos ellos, supone una actualización anual de los datos esencialmente político-económico militares correspondientes a los distintos países del mundo, y constituye con los publica dos en años anteriores un conjunto armónico informativo de extraordinario valor. Estos Balances se comple mentan recíprocamente, al dejar de aparecer, a veces, cuadros publicados anteriormente, que siguen en vigor. Este año el Balance incluye los siguientes mapas: • Mapa de los Estados Unidos con el despliegue de sus fuerzas terrestres. • Mapa de la URSS con sus teatros regionales de operaciones y Distritos Militares. • Mapa de los Distritos y Regiones Militares de China. • Mapas con las posibles zonas de despliegue y radios de acción de los misiles estratégicos americanos y rusos. A continuación se detallan los cuadros y datos aparecidos en los distintos Balances publicados por este Servicio desde 1977, no reproducidos posteriormente y cuyo interés sigue siendo de importancia para el profe sional o aficionado que quiera estar al corriente del Balance Militar Mundial para sus estudios o publicaciones. Balance 1977-78: • Características de aviones de ataque. • Construcción de buques de guerra principales en el Pacto de Varsovia y en la OTAN. • Fuerzas para el mantenimiento de la paz. Balance 1978-79: • Comparación entre los sistemas de misiles. • Características de las lanchas patrulleras. • Organigramas de divisiones estadounidenses y soviéticas. • Balance Este-Oeste en la mar. Guión 3 3 Balance 1979-8O • Características d os helicópteros militaras. • Producción de armamento en paises en vías de desarrollo. Balance 1980-81: • Vectores de lanzamiento nuclear: comparación de fuerzas y características. • Indices de presupuestos de defensa de la OTAN 1960-79). • Comparación de presupuestos de defensa y efectivos de personal 1975-80, entre los países del Pacto de Varsovia, de la OTAN y otros europeos y de Oriente Medio. • Principales convenios de armamento julio 79/junio 80. • Distritos Militares soviéticos y grupos de fuerzas. • Organización de la DAC y DIMT francesas y de la DAC y Div. de lnf. chinas. Balance 1981-82: • Organización territorial de las Regiones y Distritos Militares de la República Popular China. • Análisis de los agresivos químicos de posible empleo. • Estudios sobre el equilibrio Este-Oeste en Europa y el Balance de fuerzas nucleares en el teatro europeo. Balance 1982-83: • Actualización del recuento de vectores de lanzamiento nuclear y de la evolución de os pres puestos de defensa y principales convenios de armamento. • Evolución del potencial de lanzamiento EE.UU.-URSS a lo largo del período 1978-82. Balance estratégico nuclear éntre EE.UU. y la URSS. [&ance 1983-84: e Características de aviones de combate. e Comparación entre sistemas de misiles de las distintas potencias. Balance 1984-85: • Sistemas de armas nucleares de la OTAN y del Pacto de Varsovia en Europa. • Despliegue de sistemas estratégicos por parte de Estados Unidos y de la Unión Soviética. • Tendencias de los gastos de defensa de Japón. y de la OTAN. Balance 1985-86: • Vectores de lanzamiento nuclear a escala mundial. • Sistemas de armas nucleares potenciales OTAN/Pacto de Varsovia en Europa. • Indices de presupuestos de defensa de los países no soviéticos del Pacto de Varsovia. e Gastos de defensa de la OTAN (1980-83) medidos con diferentes criterios. e Comparación de presupuestos de defensa y efectivos de personal (1980-85). e Principales convenios de armamento conocidos, concertados entre julio de 19 y junio e 1985. 4 4 Guión Esta obra está dedicada a la memoria del CORONEL JONATHAN ALFORD como expresión de nuestro profundo reconocimiento por su con tribución a la labor de/Instituto, en su puesto de director adjunto durante el período 1978-86, con especial responsabilidad en la pre para ción del Balance Militar. Falleció de repente el 14 de agosto de 1986, justo antes de que la copia final de esta edición se encon trase lista para la imprenta. Su muerte ha sido profundamente sen tida por todos sus colegas de la plantila del Instituto y sus nume rosos amigos pertenecientes a la amplia comunidad de personés interesadas por los temas relativos a la seguridad internacional. AB R EVATU RAS AA Antiaéreo. DIMZ División mecanizada. MT Megatón. AAA Artillería antiaérea Div División. NORAD Mando de la defensa cérec de Amén AAId Misil aire-aire DM Dragaminas, División de Montaña, del Norte ca (1). ABM Antimisil balístico. EA Ejército del Aire. Ob Obila. ACTA Artillería de costa. ECM Contra-medidas electrónicas. OCU Unidad de conversión operativa ji). AEW Alerte aérea previa o avanzada. Escón Escuadrón (da Caballería). OTAN Organización del Tratado del Atlén Ag Agrupación. ET Ejército de Tierra. Norte. tiCo ALBM Misil balístico lanzable desde el aire. EW Alertaprevia o avanzada. PA Portaaviones. ALCM Misil de crucero lanzable desde el aire. F Fragata. PACAF FA.t del Pacifico (1). ANG Guardia Aérea Nacional (1) FA FuerzaAérea. PARCS Radares de cdquisición pasmútricc (1). ARM Misil que no refleja las radiaciones (1). FAS Fuerzas ArTnadas. P 11 Portahelicópteroa. Art Millaría. FGA Caza, ataque a tierra (1). PIB Producto interior bruto ji). ASM Mial aire-superficie. FN,s Fuerzas Navales. PMN Producto material neto ji). ASROC Cohete antisubmarino. FOBS Sistema de bombardeo orbital frec- P113 Píoducto nacional broto (1). Asto Asentamiento. (1). cionel - PT Patrullero, ASW Lucha antisubmarina. FT,e Fuerzas Terrestres. PV Pacto de Varsovia (1). AT Aerotransportable. GA Grupo de Artillería. RA Regimiento
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