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Garra Rufa (HECKEL, 1843)’NIN TÜRKİYE TATLISU KAYNAKLARINDAKİ BİYOCOĞRAFİK DAĞILIMI

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Garra Rufa (HECKEL, 1843)’NIN TÜRKİYE TATLISU KAYNAKLARINDAKİ BİYOCOĞRAFİK DAĞILIMI Bingöl Ünv. Fen. Bil. Dergisi Science J of Bingöl Univ. 1(1),5-8,2011 1(1),5-8,2011 Garra rufa (HECKEL, 1843)’NIN TÜRKİYE TATLISU KAYNAKLARINDAKİ BİYOCOĞRAFİK DAĞILIMI Mustafa KOYUN Bingöl Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Biyoloji Bölümü, 12000 B İNGÖL [email protected] ÖZET Bu çalı şmada; Dünya üzerindeki yayılı ş alanı fazla geni ş olmayan Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843)’ nın biyoco ğrafik da ğılımı ve habitatlarının birbiriyle ba ğlantıları ele alınmı ştır. Ülkemizde de dar bir alanda görülen bu balı ğın ekolojik önemi, yayılı şı ve var olu şunun tehlike altında olup olmadı ğına dikkat çekilmeye çalı şılmı ştır. De ğişik ara ştırmacıların çalı şmalarına göre özellikle Orta Anadolu’nun do ğu kesiminde kalan Fırat, Dicle, Ceyhan ve Aras nehir sistemlerinde kayıtlarına rastlanmaktadır. Anavatan olarak, Güney Çin ve Afrika kökenli oldu ğu bildirilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Garra rufa, Biyoco ğrafik Da ğılım, Türkiye Tatlısu Kaynakları BIOGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION of Garra rufa (HECKEL, 1843) in FRESHWATER SOURCES of TURKEY ABTRACT In this Study, biogeographical distribution and habitats connections within themselves of Garra rufa (Heckel,1843) whose distribution area is limited have been studied. It has been tried to draw attention to ecologically importance, distribution and whether being in danger of extinction of this fish which is confined to narrow area in our country. According to various researchers studies, its records have been found especially in eastern parts of Central Anatolia, in the Firat, Dicle and Aras river systems. It is informed that it has South China and Africa origin as homeland. Key Wodrs: Garra rufa, Biogeographical Distribution , Freshwater Sources Garra cinsinin anavatanı Güney Asya Ceyhan nehri havzasından bildirilen Garra (Güney Çin) ve Afrika oldu ğu ancak de ğişik rufa turcica (Karaman 1971), de ğişik yönleriyle zamanlarda batı Asya’ya yayıldı ğı bildirilmektedir [1- farklılık göstermektedir. Ülkemizde G. rufa (Heckel, 2] ( Şekil 1). Ancak Çin ile İran ve Türkiye’nin 1843) ve G. variabilis (Heckel, 1843) olmak üzere iki Do ğusunda bulunan su havzalarının birbiriyle çok türü bilinmektedir[5]. Yani Türkiye’deki G. rufa di ğer uzak mesafede olması bu balı ğın Güney Asya’dan Garra türlerinden farklı oldu ğu vurgulanmaktadır. yayıldı ğı süre içerisinde bu bölgelere uyum sa ğlarken G.rufa Türkiye’de Aras nehrinde (Kosswig, [6], farklı adaptasyonlar geli ştirerek yeni türle şmelerin Dicle-Fırat sisteminde (Bianco and Banarescu, [7], oldu ğu kaydedilmektedir[3]. Kiabi ve Abdoli [3]’ye Dicle nehir havzasında ve İran’da bildirilmektedir göre bu türün İran’ın Hormozgan ilinin geni ş yükselti [1,4]. Güney do ğu bölgesinde Antakya ili sınırlarında aralığında bulundu ğu bildirilmektedir. Karaman [4] kalan nehirlerde de [8] ve Kuru [9] Ceyhan nehir ancak Çin’deki türlerin G. rossica ve G.variabilis havzasında, Garra rufa obtusa ve Gara variabilis oldu ğu bu türlerinde hiçbir zaman İran, Fırat ve Dicle bildirmektedirler. Nehri havzasında görülmemesine dikkat çekmekte, sinonimi olarak bilinen Garra persica ise yine sırt Şekil 3 de görüldü ğü gibi Kaya balı ğının yüzgecindeki ı şın sayısından dolayı farklı olaca ğı Türkiye sınırları içindeki yayılı şı bu balı ğın do ğu vurgulanmaktadır. orijinli oldu ğunu göstermektedir. Yayılı ş alanında kalan habitatlarının rakımı 1000 m ve üzeri yükseltiler olması yanında, Geldiay ve Balik, [8] Ceyhan Nehir M.Koyun Siste-mi’nde yakla şık 1000 m rakımın altındaki Belli bir bölümü Orta Anadolu’da kalan habitatlarda bulundu ğu daha yükseklerde ise Kızılırmak ve Ye şilırmak’tan herhangi bir kayıt ya şamadı ğını bildirmektedirler. Ancak Do ğu Anadolu bulunmaması yayılı ş alanının Mezopotamya, Do ğu ve Güney Do ğu Anadolu bölgelerinde rakım olarak Anadolu ve etrafındaki havzalardan daha ileri 1000 m ve üzeri bir çok tatlısu kaynaklarında Garra geçmedi ğini göstermektedir. türleri bildirilmekte, ayrıca yüksek rakımda olmasına kar şılık bu bölgede kalan termal kaynakların besledi ği Bu balıklardan Türkiye’de Sivas–Kangal’da dere kollarında do ğal popülasyonların yo ğunla ştı ğı SPA (Salus Per Aquam) havuzlarında bazı cilt hasta- görülmektedir [10,11]. lıklarında tedavi amaçlı yararlanılmaktadır [12-16]. Bu yönüyle bu bölgeye ekonomik olarak katkı sa ğlamaktadır. Şekil 1. Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843), (orijinal, Murat nehri’nden) Şekil 2.Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) nın yayılı ş alanları (Kaynak) [17] 6 Garra Rufa (heckel, 1843)’nın Türkiye Tatlısu Kaynaklarındaki Biyoco ğrafik Da ğılımı Şekil 3.Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843)’nın Türkiye nehirlerindeki yayılı şı (Kaynak;) [18] Sistemati ği Diagnostik özellikleri : Kingdom Animalia Ekingen ve Sarıeyyüboglu’na göre (19); D: Phylum Chordata III/8-9, A: II/5, Yanal çizgideki pul sayısı 35-40 Subphylum Vertebrata arasındadır. İncelenen 25 örne ğe göre veriler; D: III / Superclass Osteichthyes 8, A: II / 5, L. lat. 36-38. Farinks di ş karakterleri Class Actinopterygii genellikle 2.4.5-5.4.2. Morfolojik olarak a ğız altta ve Subclass Neopterygii bir at nalı şeklinde olup, iki çift bıyık mevcuttur. Infraclass Teleostei Bıyık çiftlerinden biri a ğzın kenarında di ğeri ise a ğız Superorder Ostariophysi ucu ile burun ucu arasında, karın bölgesi beyazımsı, Order Cypriniformes sırt rengi kahverengi den ye şilimtırak sarıya kadar Superfamily Cyprinoidea de ğişir. Kaudal yüzgeç dibinde kuyruk sapı üzerinde Family Cyprinidae siyah bir nokta vardır. Ön ve burun kenarlarında Genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 tüberküller vardır. Toplam uzunlu ğu 7,5-13 cm Species Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) [ 19] arasındadır [20, 21] . Genel özellikleri: Beslenmeleri: Su otları ve su içindeki kayaların ta şların yüzeylerindeki plankton ve yosunlarla Türkçe ve lokal adı : Kaya Balı ğı, Vantuzlu beslenmektedir [22]. Balık,Ya ğlı Balık Ya şam süreleri: Rahemo [23] Fırat nehrinden İlk bulunu ş yeri (Terra typica) : Halep (Suriye) parazitolojik bir çalı şmasında 7 ya şının üzerinde kayıt bildirirken, Abedi ve ark., [24] Armand nehrindeki çalı şmasında ço ğunlukla 2-3 ya şında olurken 4 ya ş üzeri örnekler bildirmektedir. KAYNAKLAR 7 M.Koyun 1. Menon, AGK. (1964). Monograph of the on the fatty acid composition of Garra rufa Cyprinid fishes of the genus Garra Hamilton, Heckel, 1843 . Do ğa TU Biyol Dergisi (Ankara); 1822. Mem.Ind.Mus., 14(4):173-260.Kosswig, 12. 1-8. C.(1952). 16. Akpinar, M.A., Aksoylar, M.Y. (1989). Relation 2. Goren, M., Ortal, R. (1999). Biodiversity of the to temperature of fatty acid composition in inland water fishes of Israel, Biol. Conserv . 89, muscle tissue of Cyprinion macrostamus 1–9. Heckel, 1843. Doga TU Biyol Dergisi (Ankara); 3. Kiabi, B. H. & Abdoli, A. (2001). Fish 13:57 -62. distribution and abundance in the inland waters 17. url=http://www.fishbase.org. of Hormuzgan Province, Iran, with particular 18. url1,http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/Singl reference to endemic species in rivers. Polskie e Archiwum Hydrobiologii , 47 (1) : 87-98. Rpt. 4. Karaman, M.S. (1971). Süßwasserfische der 19. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt Turkei. 8.Teil. Revision der Barben Europas, ?search. topic = TSN&search value=163704. Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas.( Freshwater 20. Erdemli, A. Ü., Kalkan, E. (1996). Thoma Çayı Fishes of Turkey. 8. Part. Revision of the barbs balıkları üzerinde faunistik bir ara ştırma. Tr. J. of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa) of Zoology 20, 153-160. Mitteilungen aus dem hamburgischen Zoolog. 21. Da ğlı, M., Erdemli, A. Ü. (2003). Siro Çayı Museum und Institut, 67:175-254 balıklarının taksonomik yönden incelenmesi. XII. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, Elazı ğ, 5. Geldiay, R ve Balık, S. (1996). Türkiye Tatlısu 216-221. Balıkları. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri 22. Krupp, F., Schneider W. (1989). The fishes of Fakültesi Yayınları, Bornova, İzmir, 519 s. the Jordan River drainage basin and Azraq 6. Kosswig, C. (1952). The zoogeography of Oasis. In Fauna of Saudi Arabia . vol. 10, p 347- Turkish freshwater fishes. Istanbul Üniversitesi 416. Fen Fakültesi Hidrobiyoloji Ara ştırma Enstitüsü 23. Rahemo Zohair, I.F. (1995). Studies on the Yayınları, Seri B, 1(29:85-101. parasites of Garra rufa Heckel, 1843 (Pisces: 7. Bianco, P. G. and Banarescu, P. (1982). A Cyprinidae). Rivista di Parassitologia Volume: contri-bution to the knowledge of the 12 (2) : 273 -278. Cyprinidae of Iran (Pisces, Cypriniformes). 24. Abedi, M., Shiva AH., Mohammadi, Cybium , 6(2):75-96. H., Malekpour, R. ( 2010). Reproductive 8. Geldiay, R.ve Balık, S. (1988). Türkiye Tatlısu Balıkları, Ders Kitabı, Ege Üniversitesi Fen biology and age determination of Garra Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi No:97, Bornova- İzmir. rufa Heckel, 1843 (Actinopterygii: 9. Kuru, M. (1986). Dicle ve Fırat Nehirleri Cprinidae) in central Iran. TUBITAK üzerinde kurulacak barajlarla soyu tehlikeye Turk J Zool vol. 34, 810-11 sokulacak balık Türleri. VIII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi, 3-5 Eylül, İzmir. 10. Kara, C., Alp A. (2005). Garra rufa 1843’nın Ceyhan Nehir Sisteminde Da ğılımı ve Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri, Türk Sucul Ya şam Dergisi , cilt 3:s 25-33. 11. Kara, C., Alp, A., Şim şekli, M. (2010). Distribution of Fish Fauna on the Upper and Middle Basin of Ceyhan River, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10: 111-122. 12. Halver JE. Fish nutrition . New York : Academic Press , 1972. 13. Timur, M, Çolak, A, Marufi, M.A. (1983). Studyon the systematic identification of the Balikli thermal spring (Sivas) fish and the curative effects of the fish on dermal diseases. Vet. Fakültesi Dergisi (Ankara ); 30:276-82. 14. Özer, Z, Akpinar, M.A., Akçay, M. (1987). Inves-tigation of some chemical and biological properties of Kangal (Sivas) fishy hotspring . Fen Bilimleri Dergisi (Sivas) ; (suppl 5 ) : 1-34. 15. Akpınar, M.A., Aksoylar, M.Y, (1988). Effects of temperature, dictary fatty acids and starvation 8 .
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