ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 19(2): 361–386 30 DECEMBER 2010
Annotated сhecklist of the freshwater fishes of Iran Аннотированный список пресноводных рыб Ирана
H.R. ESMAEILI, B.W. COAD*, A. GHOLAMIFARD, N. NAZARI & A. TEIMORY
Х.Р. ЭСМАЕЙЛИ, Б.В. КОУД*, A. ГОЛАМИФАРД, Н. НАЗАРИ, A. ТЕЙМОРИ
H.R. Esmaeili, A. Gholamifard, N. Nazari, A. Teimory, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] B.W. Coad, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4 Canada. E-mail: [email protected]. *Corresponding author.
The confirmed freshwater fishes of Iran comprise 202 species in 104 genera, 28 families, 17 orders and 3 classes found in 19 different basins. There are also 23 species whose presence in Iranian waters needs confirmation by specimens. The most diverse order is the Cypriniformes with 120 confirmed species (59.4%) followed by Perciformes with 28 species (13.9%), Cy- prinodontiformes (10 species, 5.0%), Clupeiformes (9 species, 4.5%), Salmoniformes (7 spe- cies, 3.5%), Mugiliformes and Siluriformes each with 6 species (3.0%), Acipenseriformes (5 species, 2.5%), Gasterosteiformes (3 species, 1.5%), and 8 other orders each with one species (0.5%). New species are still being discovered, 7 described in 2009, while others are being resurrected from synonymy, newly recorded from Iran, or exotic species newly established. Some taxonomic problems remain and are commented on briefly. Thirty-nine endemic species (19.3%) in 6 families and 23 exotic species (11.4%) in 8 families are listed here. The mosqui- tofish, Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 is the most widespread exotic species. Фауна пресноводных рыб Ирана включает следующее число таксонов, распространение или обнаружение которых в Иране не вызывает сомнений: 202 вида 104 родов, 28 се- мейств, 17 отрядов и 3 классов. Они распространены в 19 изолированных бассейнах. Кро- ме того, присутствие в континентальных водах Ирана еще 23 видов требует подтвержде- ния. Наиболее многочислен отряд Cypriniformes с 120 несомненным видом (59.4%), за которым следуют Perciformes с 28 видами (13.9%), Cyprinodontiformes (10 видов, 5.0%), Clupeiformes (9 видов, 4.5%), Salmoniformes (7 видов, 3.5% ), Mugiliformes и Siluriformes (каждый с 6 видами, 3.0%), Acipenseriformes (5 видов, 2.5%), Gasterosteiformes (3 вида, 1.5%) и 8 других отрядов, в каждом из которых один вид (0.5%). Постоянно описываются новые виды, например, только в 2009 году их описано 7; многие таксоны восстанавли- ваются из синонимии и впервые регистрируются для Ирана, а также обнаруживаются натурализации неаборигенных видов. Некоторые таксономические проблемы пока не могут быть разрешены; они кратко упомянуты в тексте. Кроме того, перечислены трид- цать девять эндемичных для Ирана видов (19.3%), которые относятся в 6 семействам, и 23 неаборигенных вида (11.4%) из 8 семейств. Гамбузия Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 является наиболее шроко распространённым неаборигенным видом. Key words: Checklist, freshwater fishes, fauna, Iran, endemic, exotic Ключевые слова: список, пресноводные рыбы, фауна, Иран, эндемики, интродуценты
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes 362 H.R. ESMAEILI ET AL. FRESHWATER FISHES OF IRAN
INTRODUCTION Coad (1995, 2010b) for a fuller treatment of earlier names). Iran lies at a region of major zoogeo- graphical interchange and its remarkable MATERIALS AND METHODS biodiversity has long been of interest to naturalists and scientists. The first exten- This checklist has been compiled from sive discussion of freshwater fishes within the works listed in the Selected Bibliogra- Iran with descriptions of new taxa dates phy and also by examination of ichthyologi- back to the middle of the 19th century with cal collections in Iran, Europe and North the work of Johann Jakob Heckel (1846– America and extensive field expeditions 1849b). Subsequent studies have yielded from 1976–2010. dramatic increases in our knowledge of the biodiversity of Iranian freshwater fishes and RESULTS accounts have been published by many au- thors in different countries describing fishes The confirmed freshwater fishes of Iran subsequently found in Iran. Early works of comprise 202 species in 104 genera, 28 fami- particular relevance to Iran include those lies, 17 orders and 3 classes. The most di- by Graf Eugen Keyserling (1861, 1863), verse order is the Cypriniformes with 120 Filippo de Filippi (1863, 1864, 1865), Alek- species or 59.4% of the fauna, followed by sandr Mikhailovich Nikol’skii (1897, 1899), Perciformes (28, 13.9%), Cyprinodonti- and Lev Semenovich Berg (1949). formes (10 species, 5.0%), Clupeiformes (9 A wide range of articles are now being species, 4.5%). The most diverse family is published on the biology, biogeography and the Cyprinidae with 93 confirmed species genetics of freshwater fishes of Iran. An ac- (46.0%) followed by Gobiidae with 22 spe- curate use of names is essential to communi- cies (10.9%), Nemacheilidae (22 species, cate research results effectively. 10.9%), Clupeidae (9, 4.5%), Cyprinodon- New fish species are being described tidae (8, 3.9%) and Salmonidae (7, 3.5). from this country almost every year, but Twenty-two families have 6 or fewer spe- population growth, demands for aquacul- cies. Fourteen families have only one spe- ture, fish introductions and translocations, cies. Endemics comprise 39 species (19.3% drought, pollution, and habitat destruc- of total fauna) in 6 families although this is tion have marked effects on Iran’s freshwa- expected to increase as new species are de- ter ichthyodiversity and have changed fish scribed. Cyprinidae with 19 (48.7% of en- compositions in many water bodies. More- demic species) endemics is ranked first fol- over, taxonomic problems of some taxa still lowed by Nemacheilidae with 12 (30.8%), need to be resolved. Cyprinodontidae with 5 (12.8%), and This paper presents an updated check- Cichlidae, Cobitidae and Sisoridae with one list of Iranian freshwater fishes including species each (2.6% each). An additional 23 endemics, exotics and transplanted species, species require confirmation of their pres- with notes on taxonomy. The online “Cata- ence in Iran. log of Fishes” at the California Academy of Twenty-three exotic species in 8 families Sciences provides summary taxonomic con- are listed here. Cyprinidae with 10 species clusions on generic placement and species (43.5% of exotic species) is ranked first fol- validity, references for these conclusions, lowed by Salmonidae (5 species, 21.7%), and type localities for synonyms mentioned Mugilidae and Poeciliidae both with 2 spe- in the present list. The synonyms given are cies (8.7% each), and 4 families each with those recently used in Iran and do not in- only one species or 4.4%. The mosquitofish, clude those dating from the early twentieth Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 is the most century and the nineteenth century (see widespread exotic species. However, there
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(2): 361–386 H.R. ESMAEILI ET AL. FRESHWATER FISHES OF IRAN 363 are reports (Coad, 1995) of some other ex- eta barroisi mandica Bianco & Bănărescu, otic and transplanted species which have 1982 to be a valid species although this not been recently collected and cannot be assessment needs more material and DNA confirmed to be present in Iran such as Car- analyses for confirmation. The status of C. assius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758), Gambu- barroisi persica from Zaribar Lake should sia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853), Oryzias also be reassessed. latipes (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) [this Wide-ranging distributional and taxo- is a literature report and we follow the name nomic studies also affect the composition given there; the species may be Oryzias sin- of the Iranian ichthyofauna. Kottelat and ensis Chen, Uwa & Chu, 1989 that was earli- Freyhof (2007) expand distribution of Car- er considered as conspecific with O. latipes], assius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) to the southern Lepomis macrochirus (Rafinesque, 1819), Caspian Sea. Abdoli and Naderi (2009) Micropterus salmoides (Lacèpede, 1802) and consider Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758). 1758) to be a synonym of Carassius gibelio Several species recorded from neighbour- (Bloch, 1782). The taxa in Iran need care- ing countries and reported from Iran need ful study to determine if either or both are confirmation by specimens such as Acipenser present in Iran. ruthenus (Linnaeus, 1758), Oxynoemacheilus Significant range extensions within Iran argyrogrammus (Heckel, 1849), Paracobitis are also being recorded, e.g. Mystus pelu- tigris (Heckel, 1843), Schistura baluchiorum sius over 600 km to the south of previous (Derzhavin, 1934), and Paraschistura lind- records (Esmaeili & Coad, 2005). The lo- bergi (Bănărescu & Mirza, 1965). These are ach Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi, previously not included in this list. known from the upper Tigris River basin in Certain nominal species can be regarded Turkey, is recently recorded from southern as species complexes, probably containing Iran (Golzarianpour et al., 2009). several undescribed species. One example The distribution of fishes is summarised is Capoeta damascina, a wide-ranging spe- for each species within Iranian drainage cies whose systematics needs careful re-as- basins. Nineteen basins are assessed (Ta- sessment (currently under study by Nisreen ble 1, Fig. 1), representing the major ones Alwan, Senckenberg Museum). One taxon within Iran. recently examined in Iran is the Alburnoides The greatest diversity is seen in the Cas- bipunctatus complex, long listed there as a pian basin which comprises both fresh and single species. Bogutskaya and Coad (2009) brackish habitats, rivers, lakes, lagoons, and Coad and Bogutskaya (2009) described marshes and marine environments and has 5 new Iranian species in this complex and had a long history of connection and isola- elevated the western Caspian Sea popula- tion from fresh and marine waters. The next tions to a species. There are more, isolated most diverse basin is the Tigris, again with populations which may eventually prove to varied habitats and a connection to a ma- be new species, and so A. bipunctatus s. str. rine environment. The Persian Gulf, Hor- may not be found in Iran when studies are muz and Makran basins also have a marine completed. The cyprinid genus, Alburnus, connection but their freshwater component should also be revised using both molecu- lacks the diverse habitats and is mostly a lar and morphological data, for example, desert environment. Internal basins on the among others. Iranian plateau without a marine connec- Additionally, the status of subspecies tion, varying from semi-desert to desert in needs re-assessment. Two subspecies of Ca- habitat, and with a few major but shallow poeta barroisi have been reported from Iran, rivers or only streams, have depauperate C. barroisi mandica and C. barroisi persica. faunas. These are often subsets of neigh- Özuluğ and Freyhof (2008) consider Capo- bouring, more speciose basins. Four of these
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(2): 361–386 364 H.R. ESMAEILI ET AL. FRESHWATER FISHES OF IRAN
Fig. 1. Drainage basin map of Iran (Lake Ma- harlu lies between the Kor and Gulf basins).
basins have fewer than 10 species and 14 cies resulting from marine transgressions basins have 20 or fewer species compared to (e.g. Caspian Clupeidae, Syngnathidae, 115 species in the Caspian and 69 species in Gobiidae, etc.), species entering fresh wa- the Tigris. ters from the sea (e.g. Tenualosa, Chanos, It is not the purpose of this list to give Liza), and species isolated by post-Tethyan an extensive review of distributions but uplift (Cyprinodontidae). Many species two examples can be given. The Urmia (= still require careful study to determine Orumiyeh) and Namak basins, adjacent to their affinities and to place zoogeographi- the Caspian Sea, show evident affinities cal analyses on a firm basis. with the latter basin – Urmia has 7 species We expect more species to be described shared with 5 species uniquely endemic to as new, resurrected from synonymy, record- this basin alone, and Namak 4 shared and ed for the first time from Iran, or recorded 4 unique endemics. A similar situation ob- as established introductions. The fauna tains for the Tigris basin with neighbouring could soon exceed 225 species in 28 fami- Gulf and Kor basins sharing 23 and 8 spe- lies or more. The listing includes selected cies respectively but the more internal and taxonomic comments including synonyms isolated Kor basin has 3 endemics unique to where these have been used in recent lit- that basin compared to none unique to the erature. Older synonyms can be found in Gulf basin. Coad (1995). Zoogeographically, the fauna comprises wide-ranging species found throughout CHECKLIST southwest Asia (e.g. Capoeta, Cyprinion, Oxynoemacheilus), species with Oriental * = endemic, ** = exotic. Unconfirmed affinities (e.g. Barilius, To r , Mystus, Glyp- species are those mentioned in the litera- tothorax, Channa), a species with African ture but without confirmatory specimens in affinities (Iranocichla), lowland species de- a museum. They are included in the totals rived by a river highway from mountain- in the checklist. Some exotic species un- ous areas (Schizocypris, Schizopygopsis, doubtedly have a wider distribution than Schizothorax from the Hindu Kush), spe- indicated here.
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(2): 361–386 H.R. ESMAEILI ET AL. FRESHWATER FISHES OF IRAN 365
Table. Distribution of fish taxa distribute in Iran by basin
Basin Families Genera Species Unconfirmed Exotics Iranian Endemics Urmia 5 18 19 0 6 5 Caspian 18 61 115 22 17 0 Tedzhen 6 17 18 0 7 0 Tigris 16 44 69 1 8 12 Namak 4 15 20 0 9 6 Kavir 4 7 11 0 6 1 Bedjestan 2 5 7 0 4 0 Esfahan 4 12 15 0 6 3 Kerman-Na’in 2 4 6 0 4 1 Lut 3 7 9 0 4 1 Sistan 3 16 20 0 8 1 Persian Gulf 12 29 40 0 6 5 Maharlu 5 13 14 0 6 3 Kor 7 18 22 0 6 9 Sirjan 2 4 6 0 4 0 Hormuz 11 22 26 0 4 7 Jaz Murian 5 9 13 0 4 3 Mashkid 4 9 11 0 4 1 Makran 7 14 18 0 4 3
CLASS PETROMYZONTIDA CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Order PETROMYZONTIFORMES Order ACIPENSERIFORMES (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) (1 family, 2 genera and 6 species, 1 unconfirmed) Family PETROMYZONTIDAE (1 genus and 1 species) Family ACIPENSERIDAE (2 genera and 6 species, 1 unconfirmed) Genus Caspiomyzon Berg, 1906 Genus Acipenser Linnaeus, 1758 Caspiomyzon wagneri (Kessler, 1870) – Caspian Sea basin. Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Rat- zeburg, 1833 – Caspian Sea basin. Acipenser nudiventris Lovetzky, 1828 – CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES Caspian Sea basin. Order CARCHARHINIFORMES Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 – Cas- (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) pian Sea basin. Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 – Family CARCHARHINIDAE Caspian Sea basin. (1 genus and 1 species) Comment: Reported from the Middle Genus Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816 and South Caspian Sea by Naseka and Bogutskaya (2009) but not confirmed by Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, specimens for Iran. Acipenser stellatus Pal- 1839) – Tigris River basin. las, 1771 – Caspian Sea basin.
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Genus Huso Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833 Comment: Presence in Iranian waters needs confirmation. Record from Kottelat Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758) – Caspian Sea basin. and Freyhof (2007).
Order ANGUILLIFORMES Genus Clupeonella Kessler, 1877 (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) Clupeonella caspia Svetovidov, 1941 – Family ANGUILLIDAE Caspian Sea basin. (1 genus and 1 species) Comment: Formerly identified as Clu- Genus Anguilla Schrank, 1798 peonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840). Clupeonella engrauliformis (Borodin, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)** – 1904) – Caspian Sea basin. introduced to the Caspian Sea basin. Clupeonella grimmi Kessler, 1877 – Cas- pian Sea basin. Order CLUPEIFORMES (1 family, 3 genera and 11 species, 2 unconfirmed) Genus Tenualosa Fowler, 1934 Family CLUPEIDAE Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) – Ti- (3 genera and 11 species, 2 unconfirmed) gris River and Gulf basins; possibly Hormuz Genus Alosa Linck, 1790 basin.
Comment: Formerly in the genus Cas- Order GONORYNCHIFORMES pialosa Berg, 1915. Many subspecies have (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) been described for some species in the Cas- pian Sea but their status has not been as- Family CHANIDAE sessed recently. (1 genus and 1 species) Alosa braschnikowii (Borodin, 1904) – Genus Chanos Lacepède, 1803 Caspian Sea basin. Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838) – Cas- Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) – Gulf, pian Sea basin. Hormuz and Makran basins. Alosa curensis (Suvorov, 1907) – Cas- pian Sea basin. Comment: Reported from the Middle Order CYPRINIFORMES and South Caspian Sea by Naseka and (3 families, 54 genera and 122 species, Bogutskaya (2009) but not confirmed by 2 unconfirmed) specimens for Iran. Family CYPRINIDAE Alosa kessleri (Grimm, 1887) – Caspian (44 genera and 94 species, 1 unconfirmed) Sea basin. Comment: Formerly placed in A. pontica Genus Abramis Cuvier, 1816 (Eichwald, 1838) as a subspecies but Kotte- Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758) – Cas- lat and Freyhof (2007), Abdoli and Naderi (2009) and Naseka and Bogutskaya (2009) pian Sea basin. consider Alosa kessleri as a valid species. Abramis sapa (Pallas, 1814) – Caspian Alosa saposchnikowii (Grimm, 1887) – Sea basin. Caspian Sea basin. Comment: Abramis sapa bergi Belyaev, Alosa sphaerocephala (Berg, 1913) – 1929 is the Caspian Sea subspecies but is Caspian Sea basin. not recognised by some authors. This spe- Alosa volgensis (Berg, 1913) – Caspian cies is placed in the genus Ballerus Heckel, Sea basin. 1843 by some authors.
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Genus Acanthalburnus Berg, 1916 Alburnus hohenackeri Kessler, 1877 – Cas- pian Sea basin. Introduced to Tigris basin. Acanthalburnus microlepis (De Filippi, Comments: Previously the wide-ranging 1863) – Caspian Sea basin. species Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) Acanthalburnus urmianus (Günther, was identified as the taxon in Iran. Alburnus 1899)* – Lake Urmia basin. charusini Herzenstein, 1889 is a synonym. Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 – Es- Genus Acanthobrama Heckel, 1843 fahan, Tigris River, Kor River, Lake Maha- rlu, Gulf and Hormuz basins. Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843 – Comment: A wide-ranging species with Tigris River basin. several available names usually placed in synonymy but possibly valid including Al- Genus Alburnoides Jeitteles, 1861 burnus capito Heckel, 1843 from Kurdistan and Alburnus iblis Heckel, 1849, Alburnus Comment: Further taxa may exist in schejtan Heckel, 1849, Alburnus caudimacu- Iran. la Heckel, 1849 and Alburnus megacephalus Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch, 1782) – Heckel, 1849 from Iran. The work by Heck- Esfahan and Tedzhen River basins. el, in which the descriptions of the three Comment: Genus under revision and latter species (and many others below) are this taxon may not be present in Iran. given, is dated 1846–1849 and copies we Alburnoides eichwaldii (De Filippi, have seen do not have any dating internally, 1863) – Caspian Sea basin. so, we use the later date. The on-line CAS Alburnoides idignensis Bogutskaya & Catalog of Fishes refers to a Fowler manu- Coad, 2009* – Tigris River basin. Alburnoides namaki Bogutskaya & Coad, script and uses the date 1847. 2009* – Namak Lake basin. Alburnus zagrosensis Coad, 2009* – Ti- Alburnoides nicolausi Bogutskaya & gris River basin. Coad, 2009* – Tigris River basin. Genus Aspidoparia Heckel, 1849 Alburnoides petrubanarescui Bogutskaya & Coad, 2009* – Lake Urmia basin. Aspidoparia morar (Hamilton, 1822) – Alburnoides qanati Coad & Bogutskaya, Makran and Mashkid River basins. 2009* – Kor River basin Genus Aspius Agassiz, 1832 Genus Alburnus Rafinesque, 1820 Aspius aspius (Linnaeus, 1758) – Cas- pian Sea basin. Several members of this genus require Comment: Aspius aspius taeniatus revision. (Eichwald, 1831) is the Caspian Sea sub- Alburnus atropatenae Berg, 1925* – species. Lake Urmia basin. Aspius vorax Heckel, 1843 – Tigris Riv- Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843 – Ti- er basin. gris River basin. Comments: Both Aspius species are Comment: Record from Hamadan Prov- placed in Leuciscus by Perea et al. (2010) on ince by Keyvan Abbasi, pers. comm., 2 Jan- molecular evidence which contradicts mor- uary 2010. phology. Further study is needed. Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstaedt, 1772) – Caspian Sea basin. Genus Barbus Cuvier, 1816 Comment: The subspecies iranicus Svetovidov, 1945 is a synonym. Barbus lacerta Heckel, 1843 – Caspian Alburnus filippii Kessler, 1877 – Caspian Sea, Lake Urmia, Esfahan and Tigris River Sea basin. basins.
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Comment: A wide-ranging species that Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, may prove to be a complex requiring revi- 1842) – Namak Lake, Kavir, Esfahan, Ti- sion. Barbus cyri de Filippi, 1865 is a syn- gris River, Gulf, Kor River, Lake Maharlu, onym, or a full species according to Naseka Sirjan, Kerman-Na’in, Hormuz, Lut and and Bogutskaya (2009). Hamun-e Jaz Murian basins. Comment: Under revision. The following Genus Barilius Hamilton, 1822 taxa named from Iran have been regarded as synonyms: Scaphiodon amir Heckel, 1849, Barilius mesopotamicus Berg, 1932 – Ti- Scaphiodon niger Heckel, 1849, Scaphiodon gris River and Gulf basins. saadii Heckel, 1849 Scaphiodon chebisiensis Keyserling, 1861, Scaphiodon rostratus Key- Genus Blicca Heckel, 1843 serling, 1861 and Capoeta capoeta interme- dia Bianco & Bănărescu, 1982 (non Capoeta Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758) – Cas- intermedia Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 = pian Sea basin. Acheilognathus lanceolata (Temminck & Comment: Blicca bjoerkna transcauca- Schlegel, 1846). sica Berg, 1916 is a valid subspecies or a Capoeta fusca Nikol’skii, 1897 – Ted- synonym according to authors. zhen River, Kavir, Bedjestan, Sistan and Lut basins. Genus Capoeta Valenciennes, 1842 Comment: Capoeta nudiventris Nikol’- skii, 1897 is a synonym. Capoeta aculeata (Valenciennes, 1844)* Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) – Tigris – Namak Lake, Kavir, Kerman-Na’in, Es- River and Gulf basins. fahan, Kor River and Tigris River basins Comment: Scaphiodon macrolepis Heck- Genus Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 el, 1849 and Varicorhinus bergi Derzhavin, 1929 are synonyms from Iran. Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843) – Capoeta barroisi Lortet, 1894 – Tigris Tigris River, Kor River, Lake Maharlu, Gulf River and Gulf basins. and Hormuz basins. Comment: Capoeta barroisi mandica Bi- Comment: Systomus albus var. alpina anco & Bănărescu, 1982 and C. barroisi per- Heckel, 1849 and Barbus parieschanica sica Karaman, 1969 are synonyms, possibly Wossughi, Khoshzahmat & Etemadfar, 1982 valid species. from Iran are synonyms. Capoeta buhsei Kessler, 1877* – Namak Lake basin. Genus Carassius Jarocki, 1822 Comment: Varicorhinus nikolskii Der- zhavin, 1929 from Iran is a synonym. Comment: The author of the genus fol- Capoeta capoeta (Güldenstaedt, 1773) – lows Bogutskaya and Naseka (2004). Caspian Sea, Tedzhen River, Lake Urmia, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)** Kavir, Bedjestan, Sirjan, Namak Lake, Esfa- – introduced to the Caspian Sea and han, Tigris River and Gulf basins. Sistan basins; probably elsewhere in garden Comment: Capoeta capoeta gracilis ponds. (Keyserling, 1861) and C. capoeta heraten- Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)** – sis (Keyserling, 1861) are Iranian subspe- probably mirrors distribution of C. auratus. cies but this wide-ranging species needs revision. Both subspecies has been recogn- Genus Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 ised as a full species by authors. Scaphiodon asmussii Keyserling, 1861 and Capoeta gib- Chondrostoma cyri Kessler, 1877 – Cas- bosa Nikol’skii, 1897 are Iranian synonyms. pian Sea basin.
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Chondrostoma orientale Bianco & Bănă- Comment: Native populations in the rescu, 1982 * – Kor River basin. two named basins; also introduced there Comment: Sometimes regarded as a syn- and elsewhere in Iran. onym of C. regium. Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) – Genus Garra Hamilton, 1822 Tigris River basin and possibly Esfahan Comment: Under revision with possible basin. new taxa. Garra persica Berg, 1913* – Hormuz, Genus Crossocheilus Kuhl & van Hasselt, Makran and Hamun-e Jaz Murian basins. 1823 Garra rossica (Nikol’skii, 1900) – Ted- Crossocheilus latius (Hamilton, 1822) – zhen River, Bedjestan, Sistan, Lut, Hamun- Sistan, Makran and Mashkid River basins. e Jaz Murian, Mashkid River and Makran Comment: Discognathus adiscus Annan- basins. dale, 1919 is a synonym from Iran. Comments: Discognathus phryne An- nandale, 1919 and Discognathus rossicus Genus Ctenopharyngodon Steindachner, var. nudiventris Berg, 1905 are Iranian syn- 1866 onyms. Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) – Tigris Riv- 1844) ** – introduced to the Caspian Sea, Ti- er, Kor River, Lake Maharlu, Gulf and Hor- gris River, Kor River, Maharlu and Sistan ba- muz basins. sins; elsewhere in reservoirs throughout Iran. Comments: Discognathus crenulatus Heckel, 1849 and Garra rufa gymnothorax Genus Cyprinion Heckel, 1843 Berg, 1949 are synonyms. The taxon in Iran has been referred to as G. r. obtusa Heckel, Cyprinion kais Heckel, 1843 – Tigris 1843. River and Gulf basins. Garra variabilis (Heckel, 1843) – Tigris Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843 – River basin. Tigris River and Gulf basins. Comment: Needs confirmation by speci- Cyprinion milesi (Day, 1880) – Hormuz, mens for Iran. Hamun-e Jaz Murian and Makran basins. Comments: Iranian synonyms are Bar- Genus Gobio Cuvier, 1816 bus bampurensis Nikol’skii, 1899 and Barbus baschakirdi Holly, 1929. Gobio lepidolaemus Kessler, 1872 – Ted- Cyprinion tenuiradius Heckel, 1849* – zhen River basin. Lake Maharlu and Gulf basins. Comment: Formerly considered as a Cyprinion watsoni (Day, 1872) – Hor- subspecies of Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758). muz, Hamun-e Jaz Murian, Mashkid River, Makran, Sistan and Lut basins. Genus Hemiculter Bleeker, 1859 Comments: Iranian synonyms are Cy- Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, prinion kirmanense Nikol’skii, 1900, Cir- 1855) ** – introduced to the Caspian Sea rhina afghana var. nikolskii Berg, 1905, basin; probably elsewhere in Iran. Scaphiodon macmahoni Regan, 1906 and Scaphiodon baluchiorum Jenkins, 1910. Genus Hemigrammocapoeta Pellegrin, 1927
Genus Cyprinus Linnaeus, 1758 Hemigrammocapoeta elegans (Günther, 1868) – Tigris River basin. Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 ** –Ted- Comment: Formerly placed in the gen- zhen River and Caspian Sea basins; widely era Tylognathus Heckel, 1843 and Hemigar- introduced elsewhere. ra Karaman, 1971.
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Genus Hypophthalmichthys Bleeker, 1859 Luciobarbus esocinus Heckel, 1843 – Ti- gris River and Gulf basins. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenci- Luciobarbus kersin (Heckel, 1843) – Ti- ennes, 1844)** – introduced to reservoirs gris River and Gulf basins. throughout Iran. Luciobarbus mursa (Güldenstaedt, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richard- 1773) – Caspian Sea, Lake Urmia and Na- son, 1844)** – introduced to reservoirs mak Lake basins. throughout Iran. Comments: Barbus miliaris De Filippi, 1863 and Barbus kessleri Derzhavin, 1929 Genus Iranocypris Bruun & Kaiser, 1948 are Iranian synonyms. The former is pos- sibly distinct and found only in the Namak Comment: The date of authorship for Lake basin. this genus and species is variously listed as 1943 on an official reprint, as 1944–49 Luciobarbus pectoralis (Heckel, 1843) – in one set of Contents and “ready from Tigris River, Gulf and Kor River basins. the press 1944” in another set of contents. Luciobarbus subquincunciatus (Günther, Proudlove (2006) states that is did not ap- 1868) – Tigris River basin. pear until 1948 because of World War II.] Luciobarbus xanthopterus Heckel, 1843 – Iranocypris typhlops Bruun & Kaiser, Tigris River basin. 1944 * – Tigris River basin. Genus Mesopotamichthys Karaman, 1971
Genus Kosswigobarbus Karaman, 1971 Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther, Kosswigobarbus kosswigi (Ladi ges, 1874) – Tigris River and Gulf basins. 1960) – Tigris River basin. Kosswigobarbus sublimus (Coad & Na- Genus Mylopharyngodon Peters, 1881 jafpour, 1997) * – Tigris River basin. Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) ** – introduced to the Caspian Sea Genus Leucaspius Heckel & Kner, 1858 basin. Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel, 1843) – Caspian Sea basin. Genus Pelecus Agassiz, 1835
Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Genus Leuciscus Cuvier, 1816 Caspian Sea basin. Leuciscus latus (Keyserling, 1861) – Tedzhen River basin. Genus Petroleuciscus Bogutskaya, 2002
Petroleuciscus esfahani Coad & Boguts- Genus Luciobarbus Heckel, 1843 kaya, 2010 * – Esfahan basin. Luciobarbus barbulus (Heckel, 1849) – Petroleuciscus persidis (Coad, 1981) * – Tigris River, Gulf and Kor River basins. Kor River, Gulf and Hormuz basins. Luciobarbus brachycephalus (Kessler, Comment: Perea et al. (2010) place this 1872) – Caspian Sea basin. species in Acanthobrama on molecular evi- Comment: The subspecies Barbus dence which contradicts morphology. Fur- brachycephalus caspius Berg, 1914 has also ther study is needed. been regarded as a synonym or a distinct Petroleuciscus ulanus (Günther, 1899) species in the Caspian Sea. * – Lake Urmia basin. Luciobarbus capito (Güldenstaedt, Comment: Leuciscus gaderanus Günther, 1773) – Caspian Sea basin. 1899 from Iran is a synonym.
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Genus Pimephales Rafinesque, 1820 Genus Scardinius Bonaparte, 1837
Pimephales promelas Rafinesque,1820** Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, – introduced to the Namak Lake basin. 1758) – Caspian Sea basin.
Genus Pseudorasbora Bleeker, 1859 Genus Schizocypris Regan, 1914
Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schizocypris altidorsalis Bianco & Schlegel, 1846) ** – introduced to the Cas- Bănărescu, 1982 – Sistan basin. pian Sea, Namak Lake, Tedzhen River, Sis- Comment: Formerly identified as S. bru- tan, Maharlu, Urmia, Gulf and Tigris River cei Regan, 1914. basins and probably elsewhere. Genus Schizopygopsis Steindachner, 1866 Genus Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832 Schizopygopsis stoliczkai Steindachner, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) – Cas- 1866 – Sistan basin. pian Sea basin; probably introduced to the Lake Urmia basin. Genus Schizothorax Heckel, 1838 Comment: Formerly identified as Rho- deus sericeus (Pallas, 1776). Naseka and Schizothorax intermedius McClelland, Bogutskaya (2009) refer to the Caspian Sea 1842 – Sistan basin. taxon as Rhodeus sp. Comment: Schizothorax schumacheri Fowler & Steinitz, 1956 is an Iranian syno- Genus Romanogobio Bănărescu, 1961 nym. Schizothorax pelzami Kessler, 1870 – Romanogobio macropterus (Kamenskii, Tedzhen River and Kavir basin. 1901) – Caspian Sea basin. Comment: Schizothorax pelzami iranicus Romanogobio persus (Günther, 1899)* – Karaman, 1969 is a synonym. Lake Urmia basin. Schizothorax zarudnyi (Nikol’skii, Comment: Formerly in the genus Go- 1897) – Sistan basin. bio. Considered by some conspecific with Comment: Oreinus anjac Fowler & Ste- R. macropterus. Naseka and Freyhof (2004) initz, 1956 is a synonym from Iran. recognise these taxa as distinct species. Genus Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 Genus Rutilus Rafinesque, 1820 Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870) – Cas- Caspian Sea, Lake Urmia, Namak Lake and pian Sea basin. Tigris River basins. Rutilus kutum Kamenskii, 1901 – Caspi- Comment: Leusciscus orientalis Nord- an Sea basin. mann, 1840 is variously regarded as a syn- Comment: Rutilus kutum is regarded as onym, a subspecies or a distinct species by subspecies of R. frisii by authors but Naseka authors. and Bogutskaya (2009) regard it as a species. Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843 – Tigris Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) – Cas- River basin. pian Sea basin. Comment: Rutilus caspicus is recognised Genus Tinca Cuvier, 1816 as the Caspian Sea resident species and R. rutilus as the freshwater species (Bogutskaya Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758) – Caspian & Naseka, 2004; Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007). Sea basin.
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Genus To r Gray, 1834 Genus Ilamnemacheilus Coad & Nalbant, 2005 Tor grypus (Heckel, 1843) – Tigris River, Gulf and Hormuz basins. Ilamnemacheilus longipinnis Coad & Comment: Labeobarbus kotschyi Heckel, Nalbant, 2005* – Tigris River basin. 1843 is a synonym. Genus Metaschistura Prokofiev, 2009 Genus Vimba Fitzinger, 1873 Metaschistura cristata (Berg, 1898) – Vimba persa (Pallas, 1814) – Caspian Tedzhen River basin. Sea basin. Comment: Vimba vimba persa was the Genus Oxynoemacheilus Bănărescu & subspecies in the Caspian Sea basin but is Nalbant, 1967 recognised as a full species by Naseka and Bogutskaya (2009). Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindach- ner, 1897) – Caspian Sea and Lake Urmia basins. Family COBITIDAE Comment: This taxon may be a catch- (2 genera and 5 species) all species in Iran, e.g. Nemacheilus angorae Genus Cobitis Linnaeus, 1758 lenkoranensis Abdurakhamanov, 1962 may be a distinct taxon and the species in the Cobitis linea (Heckel, 1849)* – Kor Ri- Caspian Sea basin in Iran. ver and Hormuz basins. Oxynoemacheilus araxensis (Bănărescu Cobitis sp. – Caspian Sea and Tigris Riv- & Nalbant, 1978) – Caspian Sea basin. er basins. Comment: Presence in Iran needs con- Comment: Populations from the southern firmation. Caspian Sea need re-evaluation as does the Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derzhavin, taxon tentatively identified as Cobitis taenia 1934)* – Namak Lake basin. Linnaeus, 1758 in the Tigris River basin. Comment: Possibly part of the O. ango- rae complex. Genus Sabanejewia Vladykov, 1929 Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler, 1877) – Caspian Sea basin. Comment: Formerly in the genus Cobitis. Oxynoemacheilus farsicus (Nalbant & Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863) – Bianco, 1998)* – Namak Lake, Kor River Caspian Sea and Tedzhen River basins. and Gulf basins. Sabanejewia caspia (Eichwald, 1838) – Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel, Caspian Sea basin. 1843) – Tigris River basin. Sabanejewia caucasica (Berg, 1906) – Oxynoemacheilus kermanshahensis (Bă- Caspian Sea basin. Comment: Reported by nărescu & Nalbant, 1967) * – Tigris River Kottelat and Freyhof (2007) from Babol. basin. Oxynoemacheilus persus (Heckel, 1849) Family NEMACHEILIDAE * – Kor River and Lake Maharlu basins. (8 genera and 23 species, 1 unconfirmed) Genus Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863 Comment: Formerly included in the family Cobitidae or the family was named Paracobitis iranica Nalbant & Bianco, Balitoridae (see Tang et al. (2006) and Kot- 1998 * – Namak Lake basin. telat and Freyhof (2007)). Species were Paracobitis longicauda (Kessler, 1872) – placed in the genera Nemacheilus, Adiposia, Tedzhen River basin. Barbatula, Orthrias and Schistura in earlier Paracobitis malapterura (Valenciennes, literature. 1846) – Caspian Sea basin.
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Paracobitis rhadinaea (Regan, 1906) – 1864, Macrones colvillii Günther, 1874, Sistan basin. and Mystus misrai Anuradha, 1986 are syn- Paracobitis smithi (Greenwood, 1976)* onyms. – Tigris River basin. Paracobitis vignai Nalbant & Bianco, Family SILURIDAE 1998 * – Sistan basin. (1 genus and 2 species) Genus Silurus Linnaeus, 1758 Genus Paraschistura Prokofiev, 2009 Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 – Caspian Paraschistura bampurensis (Nikol’skii, Sea and Lake Urmia basins. 1900)* – Hamun-e Jaz Murian, Makran Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 – Tigris and Lut basins. River basin. Paraschistura kessleri (Günther, 1889) – Tedzhen River, Sistan and Mashkid River Family SISORIDAE basins. (1 genus and 2 species) Paraschistura nielseni (Nalbant & Bian- co, 1998)* – Tigris River and Gulf basins. Genus Glyptothorax Blyth, 1860 Paraschistura sargadensis (Nikol’skii, The Middle Eastern members of this ge- 1900)* – Hormuz, Hamun-e Jaz Murian, nus are in need of revision. Makran and Mashkid River basins. Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg, 1931) – Tigris River basin. Genus Seminemacheilus Bănărescu Glyptothorax silviae Coad, 1981* – Ti- & Nalbant, 1995 gris River and Gulf basins. Seminemacheilus tongiorgii Nalbant & Bi- anco, 1998 * – Kor River and Hormuz basins. Family HETEROPNEUSTIDAE (1 genus and 1 species) Genus Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 Genus Heteropneustes Müller, 1840
Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794)** 1866) – Sistan basin. – introduced to the Tigris River basin.
Genus Turcinoemacheilus Bănărescu & Order SALMONIFORMES Nalbant, 1964 (1 family, 5 genera and 7 species) Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Bănărescu & Family SALMONIDAE Nalbant, 1964 – Tigris River basin. (5 genera and 7 species) Comment: Reported by Golzarianpour Genus Coregonus Linnaeus, 1758 et al. (2009). Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)** Order SILURIFORMES – introduced to reservoirs in the Namak (4 families, 4 genera and 6 species) Lake basin. Family BAGRIDAE Genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861 (1 genus and 1 species) Genus Mystus Scopoli, 1777 Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792)** – introduced to the Caspian Sea basin. Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) – Ti- Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)** gris River, Gulf and Hormuz basins. – introduced to the Tigris River, Caspian Comments: Bagrus halepensis Valenci- Sea, Lake Urmia, Namak Lake, Kavir, Esfahan ennes, 1840, Macrones aleppensis Günther, and Kor River basins, and widely farmed.
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Genus Salmo Linnaeus, 1758 Comments: Mugil pseudotelestes Pi- etschmann, 1912 and Mugil hishni Misra, Salmo caspius Kessler, 1877 – Caspian 1943 are synonyms. The subspecies Mugil Sea, Namak Lake and Lake Urmia basins. abu zarudnyi Berg, 1949 from Iran is of Comments: Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 doubtful validity. was recognised in the the Caspian Sea but Liza aurata (Risso, 1810)** – intro- its subspecies is now regarded as a full spe- duced to the Caspian Sea basin. cies (Naseka & Bogutskaya, 2009). Other Liza saliens (Risso, 1810)** – intro- taxa probably exist in Iran, particularly in duced to the Caspian Sea basin. the Lake Urmia basin. Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) – Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 ** – widely Tigris River and Gulf basins. introduced to streams, lakes and reservoirs. Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) coastal Genus Salvelinus Richardson, 1836 – Tigris River basin; possibly other rivers in the Persian Gulf. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)** – introduced to the Namak Lake basin. Genus Mugil Linnaeus, 1758
Genus Stenodus Richardson, 1836 Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 – Tigris River and Makran basins; possibly other Stenodus leucichthys (Güldenstaedt, coastal rivers in the Persian Gulf. 1772) – Caspian Sea basin. Order ATHERINIFORMES Order ESOCIFORMES (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) Family ATHERINIDAE Family ESOCIDAE (1 genus and 1 species) (1 genus and 1 species) Genus Esox Linnaeus, 1758 Genus Atherina Linnaeus, 1758 Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 – Caspian Atherina caspia Eichwald, 1831 – Cas- Sea basin; introduced in lakes and reservoirs pian Sea basin. throughout Iran. Comment: Atherina mochon pontica na- tio caspia Eichwald, 1831 was recognised Order GADIFORMES as the taxon in Iran, later synonymised with (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810, but now consid- Family LOTIDAE (1 genus and 1 species) ered distinct (Naseka & Bogutskaya, 2009).
Genus Lota Oken, 1817 Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758) – Caspian (2 families, 3 genera and 10 species) Sea basin. Family CYPRINODONTIDAE (1 genus and 8 species) Order MUGILIFORMES (1 family, 2 genera and 6 species) Genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 Family MUGILIDAE Comment: Various isolated populations (2 genera and 6 species) may prove to be distinct species. Formerly placed in the genera Lebias Goldfuss, 1820 Genus Liza Jordan & Swain, 1884 or Cyprinodon Lacepède, 1809. Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) – Tigris River, Aphanius dispar (Rüppell, 1829) – Tigris Gulf and Hormuz basins; possibly intro- River, Gulf, Hormuz, Makran, Hamun-e Jaz duced in the Lake Maharlu basin. Murian and Mashkid River basins.
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Aphanius ginaonis (Holly, 1929) * – Family SYNGNATHIDAE Hormuz basin. (1 genus and 1 species) Aphanius isfahanensis Hrbek, Keivany Genus Syngnathus Linnaeus, 1758 & Coad, 2007* – Esfahan basin. Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843) – Tigris Syngnathus caspius Eichwald, 1831 – River basin. Caspian Sea basin. Comment: Lebias cypris Heckel, 1843 is Comment: Syngnathus nigrolineatus cas- a synonym. pius Eichwald, 1831 was considered to be Aphanius mesopotamicus Coad, 2009 – the taxon in Iran, later synonymised with Tigris River basin. Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827 but now Aphanius persicus (Jenkins, 1910)* – recognised as distinct (Naseka & Boguts- Lake Maharlu basin. kaya, 2009). Comments: Cyprinodon blanfordii Jen- kins, 1910 and possibly Cyprinodon pluris- Order SYNBRANCHIFORMES triatus Jenkins, 1910 are synonyms. (1 family, 1 genus and 1 species) Aphanius sophiae (Heckel, 1849)* – Family MASTACEMBELIDAE Kor River basin. (1 genus and 1 species) Comments: Lebias punctatus Heckel, 1849, Lebias crystallodon Heckel, 1849 and Genus Mastacembelus Scopoli, 1777 possibly Cyprinodon blanfordii Jenkins, Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & 1910 are synonyms. Solander, 1794) – Tigris River, Kor River Aphanius vladykovi Coad, 1988* – Ti- and Gulf basins. gris River basin. Comment: Rhynchobdella haleppen- sis Bloch & Schneider, 1801 is a synonym. Family POECILIIDAE Mastacembelus aleppensis Günther, 1861 is (2 genera and 2 species) an unjustified emendation of haleppensis. Genus Gambusia Poey, 1854 Order PERCIFORMES Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859** – (5 families, 20 genera and 46 species, introduced to all basins. 18 unconfirmed) Genus Xiphophorus Heckel, 1848 Family PERCIDAE (2 genera and 3 species) Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848** – Genus Perca Linnaeus, 1758 introduced to the Esfahan and Gulf basins. Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 – Cas- pian Sea basin. Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES (2 families, 3 genera and 3 species) Genus Sander Oken, 1817 Family GASTEROSTEIDAE Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) – (2 genera and 2 species) Caspian Sea basin; introduced to lakes and Genus Gasterosteus Linnaeus, 1758 reservoirs throughout Iran. Sander marinus (Cuvier, 1828) – Cas- Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758** pian Sea basin. – introduced to the Caspian Sea, Kavir and Tedzhen River basins. Family SPARIDAE (1 genus and 1 species)
Genus Pungitius Coste, 1848 Genus Acanthopagrus Peters, 1855 Pungitius platygaster (Kessler, 1859) – Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782) – Caspian Sea basin. Tigris River and Gulf basins.
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Family CICHLIDAE Comment: Reported from the Middle (1 genus and 1 species) and South Caspian Sea by Naseka and Bogutskaya (2009) but not confirmed by Genus Iranocichla Coad, 1982 specimens for Iran. Iranocichla hormuzensis Coad, 1982 * – Benthophilus baeri Kessler, 1877 – Cas- Hormuz basin. pian Sea basin. Benthophilus casachicus Ragimov, 1978 – Family GOBIIDAE Caspian Sea basin. (15 genera and 40 species, 18 unconfirmed) Comment: Reported from the Middle and South Caspian Sea by Boldyrev and Genus Anatirostrum Iljin, 1930 Bogutskaya (2007) and Naseka and Boguts- kaya (2009) but not confirmed by speci- Anatirostrum profundorum (Berg, mens for Iran. 1927) – Caspian Sea basin. Benthophilus ctenolepidus Kessler, 1877 – Caspian Sea basin. Genus Babka Iljin, 1927 Benthophilus granulosus Kessler, 1877 – Comment: Members of this genus were Caspian Sea basin. formerly placed in the genus Neogobius Comment: Presence in Iranian waters Iljin, 1927. needs confirmation. Record from Kottelat Babka gymnotrachelus (Kessler, 1857) – and Freyhof (2007). Caspian Sea basin. Benthophilus grimmi Kessler, 1877 – Cas- Comment: Presence in Iranian waters pian Sea basin. needs confirmation. Record from Kottelat Comment: Reported from the Middle and Freyhof (2007). and South Caspian Sea by Boldyrev and Babka macrophthalma (Kessler, 1877) – Bogutskaya (2007) and Naseka and Boguts- Caspian Sea basin. kaya (2009) but not confirmed by speci- Comment: Reported from the Middle mens for Iran. and South Caspian Sea by Naseka and Benthophilus kessleri Berg, 1927 – Cas- pian Sea basin. Bogutskaya (2009) but not confirmed by Comment: Reported from the Middle specimens for Iran. and South Caspian Sea by Boldyrev and Bogutskaya (2007) and Naseka and Boguts- Genus Benthophiloides Beling & Iljin, 1927 kaya (2009) but not confirmed by speci- Benthophiloides brauneri Beling & Iljin, mens for Iran. 1927 – Caspian Sea basin. Benthophilus leobergius Berg, 1949 – Comment: Reported from the Middle Caspian Sea basin. and South Caspian Sea by Naseka and Comment: Originally described as a Bogutskaya (2009) but not confirmed by subspecies of B. stellatus (Sauvage, 1874), a specimens for Iran. taxon now restricted to the Black Sea. Benthophiloides turcomanus (Iljin, Benthophilus leptocephalus Kessler, 1941) – Caspian Sea basin. 1877 – Caspian Sea basin. Comment: Reported from the Middle Comment: Reported from the Middle and South Caspian Sea by Naseka and and South Caspian Sea by Boldyrev and Bogutskaya (2009) but not confirmed by Bogutskaya (2007) and Naseka and Boguts- specimens for Iran. kaya (2009) but not confirmed by speci- mens for Iran. Benthophilus leptorhynchus Kessler, Genus Benthophilus Eichwald, 1831 1877 – Caspian Sea basin. Benthophilus abdurahmanovi Ragimov, Comment: Reported from the Middle 1978 – Caspian Sea basin. and South Caspian Sea by Boldyrev and
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Bogutskaya (2007) and Naseka and Boguts- Chasar bathybius (Kessler, 1877) – Cas- kaya (2009) but not confirmed by speci- pian Sea basin. mens for Iran. Benthophilus macrocephalus (Pallas, Genus Glossogobius Gill, 1859 1787) – Caspian Sea basin. Benthophilus mahmudbejovi Ragimov, Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) – Ti- 1976 – Caspian Sea basin. gris River, Gulf, Hormuz and Makran basins. Comment: Reported from the Middle and South Caspian Sea by Boldyrev and Genus Hyrcanogobius Iljin, 1928 Bogutskaya (2007) and Naseka and Boguts- kaya (2009) but not confirmed by speci- Comment: Placed as a synonym of Knip- mens for Iran. owitschia by authors. Benthophilus pinchuki Ragimov, 1982 – Hyrcanogobius bergi Iljin, 1928 – Cas- pian Sea basin. Caspian Sea basin. Comment: Presence in Iranian waters Comment: Formerly a subspecies of B. needs confirmation. Record from Kottelat ctenolepidus. and Freyhof (2007). Benthophilus ragimovi Boldyrev & Bogutskaya, 2004 – Caspian Sea basin. Comment: Reported from the Middle Genus Knipowitschia Iljin, 1927 and South Caspian Sea by Boldyrev and Knipowitschia caucasica (Berg, 1916) – Bogutskaya (2007) and Naseka and Boguts- Caspian Sea basin. kaya (2009) but not confirmed by speci- Knipowitschia iljini Berg, 1931 – Cas- mens for Iran. pian Sea basin. Benthophilus spinosus Kessler, 1877 – Knipowitschia longecaudata (Kessler, Caspian Sea basin. 1877) – Caspian Sea basin. Comment: Reported from the Middle Comment: Presence in Iranian waters and South Caspian Sea by Boldyrev and needs confirmation. Record from Kottelat Bogutskaya (2007) and Naseka and Boguts- and Freyhof (2007). kaya (2009) but not confirmed by speci- mens for Iran. Genus Mesogobius Bleeker, 1874 Benthophilus svetovidovi Pinchuk & Ragimov, 1979 – Caspian Sea basin. Mesogobius nigronotatus (Kessler, Comment: Reported from the Middle 1877) – Caspian Sea basin. and South Caspian Sea by Boldyrev and Comment: Reported from the Mid- Bogutskaya (2007) and Naseka and Boguts- dle and South Caspian Sea by Nase- kaya (2009) but not confirmed by speci- ka and Bogutskaya (2009) but not mens for Iran. confirmed by specimens for Iran. Mesogobius nonultimus (Iljin, 1936) – Cas- Genus Boleophthalmus Valenciennes, 1837 pian Sea basin.
Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valen- Genus Neogobius Iljin, 1927 ciennes, 1837 – Tigris River, Gulf, Hormuz and Makran basins. Neogobius caspius (Eichwald, 1831) – Caspian Sea basin. Genus Chasar Vasil’eva, 1996 Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) – Caspian Sea basin. Comment: Members of this genus were Comment: Gobius affinis Eichwald, formerly placed in the genus Neogobius 1831 is synonym or subspecies depending Iljin, 1927. on authors.
© 2010 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 19(2): 361–386 378 H.R. ESMAEILI ET AL. FRESHWATER FISHES OF IRAN
Neogobius pallasi (Berg, 1916) – Cas- Genus Rhinogobius Gill, 1859 pian Sea basin. Comment: This taxon was regarded as a Rhinogobius similis Gill, 1859** – intro- subspecies of N. fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814). duced to the Tedzhen River basin. The identity of introduced Rhinogobius in Iran needs confirmation. Vasil’eva (2007) Genus Periophthalmus Bloch & Schneider, and Vasil’eva and Kuga (2008) have identi- 1801 fied the introduced Central Asian species to Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, be R. cheni (Nichols, 1931). 1955 – Tigris River, Gulf, Hormuz and Ma- kran basins. Family CHANNIDAE (1 genus and 1 species) Comment: The Memoirs of the Indian Genus Channa Scopoli, 1777 Museum for 1938–1942 were published in 1955 (this is the date on the title page). Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) – Ha- mun-e Jaz Murian basin. Genus Ponticola Iljin, 1927 Comment: Formerly in the genus Ophi- cephalus. Comment: Members of this genus were formerly placed in the genus Neogobius ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Iljin, 1927. Ponticola cyrius (Kessler, 1874) – Cas- We are thankful to Shiraz University pian Sea basin. and the Canadian Museum of Nature for Comment: See Vasil’eva (1995) and financial support. Vasil’eva and Vasil’ev (1995) for taxonomy. Ponticola goebelii (Kessler, 1874) – Cas- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY pian Sea basin. Comment: Regarded as a subspecies of The following selected references con- Ponticola ratan (Nordmann, 1840) by au- tain the major systematic, taxonomic, thors although Naseka and Bogutskaya conservational and comprehensive faunal (2009) give it full species status. works on Iran. A full Bibliography on all Ponticola gorlap (Iljin, 1949) – Caspian aspects of the Iranian fish fauna is given at Sea basin.
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