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  • JOHN WILDER TUKEY 16 June 1915 — 26 July 2000
    Tukey second proof 7/11/03 2:51 pm Page 1 JOHN WILDER TUKEY 16 June 1915 — 26 July 2000 Biogr. Mems Fell. R. Soc. Lond. 49, 000–000 (2003) Tukey second proof 7/11/03 2:51 pm Page 2 Tukey second proof 7/11/03 2:51 pm Page 3 JOHN WILDER TUKEY 16 June 1915 — 26 July 2000 Elected ForMemRS 1991 BY PETER MCCULLAGH FRS University of Chicago, 5734 University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA John Wilder Tukey was a scientific generalist, a chemist by undergraduate training, a topolo- gist by graduate training, an environmentalist by his work on Federal Government panels, a consultant to US corporations, a data analyst who revolutionized signal processing in the 1960s, and a statistician who initiated grand programmes whose effects on statistical practice are as much cultural as they are specific. He had a prodigious knowledge of the physical sci- ences, legendary calculating skills, an unusually sharp and creative mind, and enormous energy. He invented neologisms at every opportunity, among which the best known are ‘bit’ for binary digit, and ‘software’ by contrast with hardware, both products of his long associa- tion with Bell Telephone Labs. Among his legacies are the fast Fourier transformation, one degree of freedom for non-additivity, statistical allowances for multiple comparisons, various contributions to exploratory data analysis and graphical presentation of data, and the jack- knife as a general method for variance estimation. He popularized spectrum analysis as a way of studying stationary time series, he promoted exploratory data analysis at a time when the subject was not academically respectable, and he initiated a crusade for robust or outlier-resist- ant methods in statistical computation.
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  • Notices: Highlights
    ------------- ----- Tacoma Meeting (June 18-20)-Page 667 Notices of the American Mathematical Society June 1987, Issue 256 Volume 34, Number 4, Pages 601 - 728 Providence, Rhode Island USA ISSN 0002-9920 Calendar of AMS Meetings THIS CALENDAR lists all meetings which have been approved by the Council prior to the date this issue of Notices was sent to the press. The summer and annual meetings are joint meetings of the Mathematical Association of America and the American Mathematical Society. The meeting dates which fall rather far in the future are subject to change; this is particularly true of meetings to which no numbers have yet been assigned. Programs of the meetings will appear in the issues indicated below. First and supplementary announcements of the meetings will have appeared in earlier issues. ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS presented at a meeting of the Society are published in the journal Abstracts of papers presented to the American Mathematical Society in the issue corresponding to that of the Notices which contains the program of the meeting. Abstracts should be submitted on special forms which are available in many departments of mathematics and from the headquarter's office of the Society. Abstracts of papers to be presented at the meeting must be received at the headquarters of the Society in Providence, Rhode Island, on or before the deadline given below for the meeting. Note that the deadline for abstracts for consideration for presentation at special sessions is usually three weeks earlier than that specified below. For additional information. consult the meeting announcements and the list of organizers of special sessions.
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  • John W. Tukey 1915–2000
    John W. Tukey 1915–2000 A Biographical Memoir by David R. Brillinger 2018 National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. JOHN WILDER TUKEY June 16, 1915–July 26, 2000 Elected to the NAS, 1961 John Wilder Tukey was renowned for research and service in academia, industry, and government. He was born June 16, 1915, in New Bedford, Massachusetts, the only child of Adah M. Takerand Ralph H. Tukey. His parents had grad- uated first and second in the Bates College class of 1898. John had unusual talents from an early age. He could read when he was three, and had remarkable powers of mental calculation. His father had obtained a doctorate in Latin from Yale University and then moved on to teach and be principal at New Bedford High School. His mother was a substitute teacher there. Perhaps as a consequence of these backgrounds, Tukey was schooled at home, but he did attend various classes at the high school. By David R. Brillinger Tukey’s wife, Elizabeth Rapp, was born on March 2, 1920, in Ocean City, New Jersey. She went to Temple Univer- sity and was later valedictorian in the 1944 class in business administration at Radcliffe College. About meeting John, she commented that the first time she saw him he was sitting in the front row of a public lecture asking quite difficult questions of the speaker. They later met at a folkdance class that John was teaching.
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  • 26 February 2016 ECE 438 Lecture Notes
    ECE 438 Lecture Notes Page 1 2/26/2016 Computer Pioneers - James William Cooley 2/26/16, 10:58 AM IEEE-CS Home | IEEE Computer Society History Committee Computer Pioneers by J. A. N. Lee « Cook, Stephen A. index Coombs, Allen W. M. » James William Cooley Born September 18, 1926; with John Tukey, creator of the fast Fourier transform. Education: BA, arts, Manhattan College, 1949; MA, mathematics, Columbia University, 1951; PhD, applied mathematics, Columbia University, 1961. Professional Experience: programmer, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University, 1953-1956; research assistant, mathematics, Courant Institute, New York University, 1956-1962; research staff, IBM Watson Research Center, 1962-1991; professor, electrical engineering, University of Rhode Island, 1991-present. Honors and Awards: Contribution Award, Audio and Acoustics Society, 1976; Meritorious Service Award, ASSP Society, 1980; Society Award, Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 1984; IEEE Centennial Award, 1984; fellow, IEEE James W. Cooley started his career in applied mathematics and computing when he worked and studied under Professor F.J. Murray at Columbia University. He then became a programmer in the numerical weather prediction group at John von Neumann's computer project at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. [See the biography of Jule Charney.] In 1956, he started working as a research assistant at the Courant Institute at New York University, New York. Here he worked on numerical methods and programming of quantum mechanical calculations (Cooley 1961). This led to his thesis for his PhD degree from Columbia University. In 1962 he obtained a position as a research staff member at the IBM Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York.
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  • From the Collections of the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton, NJ
    From the collections of the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton, NJ These documents can only be used for educational and research purposes (“Fair use”) as per U.S. Copyright law (text below). By accessing this file, all users agree that their use falls within fair use as defined by the copyright law. They further agree to request permission of the Princeton University Library (and pay any fees, if applicable) if they plan to publish, broadcast, or otherwise disseminate this material. This includes all forms of electronic distribution. Inquiries about this material can be directed to: Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library 65 Olden Street Princeton, NJ 08540 609-258-6345 609-258-3385 (fax) [email protected] U.S. Copyright law test The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or other reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or other reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement. The Princeton Mathematics Community in the 1930s Transcript Number 36 (PMC36) © The Trustees of Princeton University, 1985 ALBERT TUCKER OVERVIEW OF MATHEMATICS AT PRINCETON IN THE 1930s This is an interview on 8 October 1984 of Albert Tucker in Princeton, New Jersey.
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  • Congress Passes Science and Mathematics Education Bill
    THE NEWSLETTER OF THE MATHEMATICAL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA VOLUME 4 NUMBER 4 SEPTEMBER 1984 Congress Passes Science and Mathematics Education Bill . Peter Farnham n July 25, 1984, the House agreed overwhelmingly to tionary projects. Professional societies or associations "in approve the Education for Economic Security Act the fields of mathematics, physical or biological sciences, O(S.1285), a massive science and mathematics educa­ or engineering" may enter into cooperative agreements with tion bill. S.1285was approved by the Senate Labor and Human NSF, local education agencies, or institutions of higher edu­ Resources Committee in May 1983, but languished at that cation to develop 1) teacher training and retraining pro­ point until late June 1984, when it was finally passed by the grams, and 2) instructional programs and materials in sci­ Senate. The House version of the bill, H.R. 1310, passed the ence and mathematics. House in March 1983. Title II is primarily a formula grant program administered The long delay in securing Senate approval of the bill was by the Department of Education, and carries an authorization caused by a controversial "equal access" amendment, which of $350 million for FY 1984 and $400 million for FY 1985. allows religious student groups to meet on school property Ninety percent of the funds will be made available to the after classes. This amendment was opposed by civil liber­ states; of those funds, 70% will be passed on to local edu­ tarians on grounds that it infringed on the separation of cation agencies and 30% to state higher education agencies church and state.
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  • “. . . How Wonderful the Field of Statistics Is.
    4 “. how wonderful the field of statistics is. ” David R. Brillinger Department of Statistics University of California, Berkeley, CA 4.1 Introduction There are two purposes for this chapter. The first is to remind/introduce readers to some of the important statistical contributions and attitudes of the great American scientist John W. Tukey. The second is to take note of the fact that statistics commencement speeches are important elements in the communication of statistical lore and advice and not many seem to end up in the statistical literature. One that did was Leo Breiman’s 1994.1 It was titled “What is the Statistics Department 25 years from now?” Another is Tukey’s2 presentation to his New Bedford high school. There has been at least one article on how to prepare such talks.3 Given the flexibility of this COPSS volume, in particular its encourage- ment of personal material, I provide a speech from last year. It is not claimed to be wonderful, rather to be one of a genre. The speech below was delivered June 16, 2012 for the Statistics Department Commencement at the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) upon the invitation of the Department Chair, Rick Schoenberg. The audience consisted of young people, their rela- tives and friends. They numbered perhaps 500. The event was outdoors on a beautiful sunny day. The title and topic4 were chosen with the goal of setting before young statisticians and others interested the fact that America had produced a great scientist who was a statistician, John W. Tukey. Amongst other things he created the field Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA).
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  • Von Neumann 1903-1957 Peter Lax ≈1926- 1940 – 1970 Floating Point Arithmetic
    Nick Trefethen Oxford Computing Lab Who invented the great numerical algorithms? Slides available at my web site: www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/nick.trefethen A discussion over coffee. Ivory tower or coal face? SOME MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (29 of them) Before 1940 Newton's method least-squares fitting orthogonal linear algebra Gaussian elimination QR algorithm Gauss quadrature Fast Fourier Transform Adams formulae quasi-Newton iterations Runge-Kutta formulae finite differences 1970-2000 preconditioning 1940-1970 spectral methods floating-point arithmetic MATLAB splines multigrid methods Monte Carlo methods IEEE arithmetic simplex algorithm nonsymmetric Krylov iterations conjugate gradients & Lanczos interior point methods Fortran fast multipole methods stiff ODE solvers wavelets finite elements automatic differentiation Before 1940 Newton’s Method for nonlinear eqs. Heron, al-Tusi 12c, Al Kashi 15c, Viète 1600, Briggs 1633… Isaac Newton 1642-1727 Mathematician and physicist Trinity College, Cambridge, 1661-1696 (BA 1665, Fellow 1667, Lucasian Professor of Mathematics 1669) De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas 1669 (published 1711) After 1696, Master of the Mint Joseph Raphson 1648-1715 Mathematician at Jesus College, Cambridge Analysis Aequationum universalis 1690 Raphson’s formulation was better than Newton’s (“plus simple” - Lagrange 1798) FRS 1691, M.A. 1692 Supporter of Newton in the calculus wars—History of Fluxions, 1715 Thomas Simpson 1710-1761 1740: Essays on Several Curious and Useful Subjects… 1743-1761:
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  • 50 Years of Data Science’ Leaves Out” Wise
    JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS , VOL. , NO. ,– https://doi.org/./.. Years of Data Science David Donoho Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Standford, CA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY More than 50 years ago, John Tukey called for a reformation of academic statistics. In “The Future of Data Received August Analysis,” he pointed to the existence of an as-yet unrecognized science, whose subject of interest was Revised August learning from data, or “data analysis.” Ten to 20 years ago, John Chambers, JefWu, Bill Cleveland, and Leo Breiman independently once again urged academic statistics to expand its boundaries beyond the KEYWORDS classical domain of theoretical statistics; Chambers called for more emphasis on data preparation and Cross-study analysis; Data presentation rather than statistical modeling; and Breiman called for emphasis on prediction rather than analysis; Data science; Meta inference. Cleveland and Wu even suggested the catchy name “data science” for this envisioned feld. A analysis; Predictive modeling; Quantitative recent and growing phenomenon has been the emergence of “data science”programs at major universities, programming environments; including UC Berkeley, NYU, MIT, and most prominently, the University of Michigan, which in September Statistics 2015 announced a $100M “Data Science Initiative” that aims to hire 35 new faculty. Teaching in these new programs has signifcant overlap in curricular subject matter with traditional statistics courses; yet many aca- demic statisticians perceive the new programs as “cultural appropriation.”This article reviews some ingredi- ents of the current “data science moment,”including recent commentary about data science in the popular media, and about how/whether data science is really diferent from statistics.
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  • AMSTATNEWS the Membership Magazine of the American Statistical Association •
    April 2017 • Issue #478 AMSTATNEWS The Membership Magazine of the American Statistical Association • http://magazine.amstat.org CELEBRATE Mathematics and Statistics Awareness Month the Significance of Mathematics and STATISTICS ALSO: BEA’s Innovation Spurs Projects for Richer Economic Statistics Why Be an Independent Consultant? LessonPlan_8.33x11.83.indd 1 7/8/2015 4:55:36 PM AMSTATNEWS APRIL 2017 • ISSUE #478 Executive Director Ron Wasserstein: [email protected] Associate Executive Director and Director of Operations features Stephen Porzio: [email protected] 3 President’s Corner Director of Science Policy Steve Pierson: [email protected] 5 Recognizing the ASA’s Longtime Members Director of Strategic Initiatives and Outreach 11 JASA Editors Offer Advice to Authors Donna LaLonde: [email protected] 12 ASA Leaders Reminisce: Barbara Bailar Director of Education Rebecca Nichols: [email protected] 14 Guidance for Service on Federal Advisory Boards and Committees Managing Editor Megan Murphy: [email protected] 15 2017 Data Challenge Sees 16 Contestants Production Coordinators/Graphic Designers 15 New AMS Blog Covers Under-Represented Groups in Sara Davidson: [email protected] Megan Ruyle: [email protected] Mathematics Publications Coordinator 16 BEA’s Innovation Spurs Projects for Richer Economic Statistics Val Nirala: [email protected] 18 Meet Hubert Hamer: NASS Administrator Advertising Manager Claudine Donovan: [email protected] 19 Census Bureau Releases Public Data Contributing Staff Members 20 Celebrate the Significance of Mathematics and Statistics Amy Farris • Jill Talley • Rebecca Nichols • Amy Nussbaum 22 Master’s Programs in Data Science and Analytics Amstat News welcomes news items and letters from readers on matters of interest to the association and the profession.
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  • On the Nature of the Theory of Computation (Toc)∗
    Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity, Report No. 72 (2018) On the nature of the Theory of Computation (ToC)∗ Avi Wigderson April 19, 2018 Abstract [This paper is a (self contained) chapter in a new book on computational complexity theory, called Mathematics and Computation, available at https://www.math.ias.edu/avi/book]. I attempt to give here a panoramic view of the Theory of Computation, that demonstrates its place as a revolutionary, disruptive science, and as a central, independent intellectual discipline. I discuss many aspects of the field, mainly academic but also cultural and social. The paper details of the rapid expansion of interactions ToC has with all sciences, mathematics and philosophy. I try to articulate how these connections naturally emanate from the intrinsic investigation of the notion of computation itself, and from the methodology of the field. These interactions follow the other, fundamental role that ToC played, and continues to play in the amazing developments of computer technology. I discuss some of the main intellectual goals and challenges of the field, which, together with the ubiquity of computation across human inquiry makes its study and understanding in the future at least as exciting and important as in the past. This fantastic growth in the scope of ToC brings significant challenges regarding its internal orga- nization, facilitating future interactions between its diverse parts and maintaining cohesion of the field around its core mission of understanding computation. Deliberate and thoughtful adaptation and growth of the field, and of the infrastructure of its community are surely required and such discussions are indeed underway.
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  • Sixthchancellor00bowkrich.Pdf
    University of California Berkeley Regional Oral -History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California University History Series Albert H. Bowker SIXTH CHANCELLOR, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, 1971-1980; STATISTICIAN, AND NATIONAL LEADER IN THE POLICIES AND POLITICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION With an Introduction by Joseph L. Hodges Interviews Conducted by Harriet Nathan in 1991 Copyright 1995 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the Vest, and the Nation. Oral history is a modern research technique involving an interviewee and an informed interviewer in spontaneous conversation. The taped record is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The resulting manuscript is typed in final form, indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Albert H. Bowker dated April 3, 1993. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley.
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