Instruction Manual Starnavigator NG Series Telescopes with Audiostar®
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Galileo and the Telescope
Galileo and the Telescope A Discussion of Galileo Galilei and the Beginning of Modern Observational Astronomy ___________________________ Billy Teets, Ph.D. Acting Director and Outreach Astronomer, Vanderbilt University Dyer Observatory Tuesday, October 20, 2020 Image Credit: Giuseppe Bertini General Outline • Telescopes/Galileo’s Telescopes • Observations of the Moon • Observations of Jupiter • Observations of Other Planets • The Milky Way • Sunspots Brief History of the Telescope – Hans Lippershey • Dutch Spectacle Maker • Invention credited to Hans Lippershey (c. 1608 - refracting telescope) • Late 1608 – Dutch gov’t: “ a device by means of which all things at a very great distance can be seen as if they were nearby” • Is said he observed two children playing with lenses • Patent not awarded Image Source: Wikipedia Galileo and the Telescope • Created his own – 3x magnification. • Similar to what was peddled in Europe. • Learned magnification depended on the ratio of lens focal lengths. • Had to learn to grind his own lenses. Image Source: Britannica.com Image Source: Wikipedia Refracting Telescopes Bend Light Refracting Telescopes Chromatic Aberration Chromatic aberration limits ability to distinguish details Dealing with Chromatic Aberration - Stop Down Aperture Galileo used cardboard rings to limit aperture – Results were dimmer views but less chromatic aberration Galileo and the Telescope • Created his own (3x, 8-9x, 20x, etc.) • Noted by many for its military advantages August 1609 Galileo and the Telescope • First observed the -
The Telescope Lenses, Which Turned the Image Upside Down but Improved the Clarity Dramatically
The image produced by the first refracting telescope was Name right side up. However, the clarity of the image was less than ideal. Johannes Kepler worked to improve the image produced by the refracting telescope. He used two convex The Telescope lenses, which turned the image upside down but improved the clarity dramatically. His design soon became popular By Phyllis Naegeli and remains in use today. Do you like to lie on your back and gaze One problem associated with the refracting telescope was at the stars? What constellations can you the rainbow halo it produced around the object in view. Sir name? Have you ever used a telescope to Isaac Newton did not care for the halo produced by the get a closer look at the universe? Do you refracting telescope. He set out to improve the design, know how a telescope works? which led him to work on the reflecting telescope. The design used a curved mirror to collect light from an object. A telescope is used to see distant objects A secondary flat mirror reflected the image to the side of up close. There are two basic types of the tube where it is viewed through an eyepiece. Newton telescopes - the refracting telescope and also used a shorter, fatter tube allowing magnification to be the reflecting telescope. Each will help increased by using larger mirrors. Newton's design you to see the planets, moon, or stars. Both eliminated the rainbow halo produced by the convex lenses use a tube and have an eyepiece to focus the image for you of the refracting telescope. -
Solar System Solar System
Delta Science Reader SolarSolar SystemSystem Delta Science Readers are nonfiction student books that provide science background and support the experiences of hands-on activities. Every Delta Science Reader has three main sections: Think About . , People in Science, and Did You Know? Be sure to preview the reader Overview Chart on page 4, the reader itself, and the teaching suggestions on the following pages. This information will help you determine how to plan your schedule for reader selections and activity sessions. Reading for information is a key literacy skill. Use the following ideas as appropriate for your teaching style and the needs of your students. The After Reading section includes an assessment and writing links. OVERVIEW Students will: discover facts about the Solar System In the Delta Science Reader Solar System, students take a tour of the Sun and the explore the planets and other objects in the planets. Other space objects such as dwarf Solar System planets, comets, asteroids, and meteoroids discuss the function of a table of contents, are explored. Students read about the headings, and a glossary rotation and revolution of the planets and interpret photographs and graphics to the causes of night and day, seasonal answer questions changes, and the phases of the Moon. The book describes the work of a planetary complete a KWL chart geologist. In addition, students discover organize information in a variety of ways how telescopes work. delta science modules Solar System 119 © Delta Education LLC. All rights reserved. -
The History of Optical Astronomy, by Caroline Herschel and Lyman Spitzer
Online Modules from The University of Chicago Multiwavelength Astronomy: The History of Optical Astronomy, by Caroline Herschel and Lyman Spitzer http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/multiwavelength-astronomy/optical/history/index.html Subject(s): Astronomy/Space Science Grade(s) Level: 9-12 Duration: One Class Period Objectives: As a result of reading The History of Optical Astronomy, students will be able to • Discriminate between reflecting and refracting telescope designs and describe the differences between them; • Explain how a telescope focuses light; • Articulate the limitations of ground-based telescopes and propose solutions to these limitations; • Identify important astronomical discoveries made and personages working in the optical regime; • Discuss examples of problem-solving and creativity in astronomy. Materials: Internet connection and browser for displaying the lesson. Pre-requisites: Students should be familiar with the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Before using the lesson, students should familiarize themselves with all vocabulary terms. Procedures: Students will read the lesson and answer assessment questions (listed under evaluation). Introduction: In reading this lesson, you will meet important individuals in the History of Optical Astronomy. They are: Caroline Lucretia Herschel was a German-born British astronomer and the sister of astronomer Sir William Herschel. She is the discoverer of several comets, in particular, the periodic comet 35P/Herschel-Rigollet, which bears her name. Lyman Strong Spitzer, Jr. was an American theoretical physicist, astronomer and mountaineer. He carried out research into star formation, plasma physics, and in 1946, conceived the idea of telescopes operating in outer space. Spitzer is the namesake of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. 1 Online Modules from The University of Chicago William Herschel was an astronomer and composer. -
As the Dome of Twilight Sinks Below The
As the dome of twilight sinks below the horizon, a mechanical corps de ballet starts a slow-motion pirouette with each dancer keeping the unblinking eye of a telescope locked on a single spot in the heavens. Shutters open and ancient photons, ending a journey that may have started before the earth was born, collide with sensors that store an electron to mark that photon's arrival. With the dance in motion the directors sit back to watch the show; another imaging session has begun... Image by Marcus Stevens A Full and Proper Kit An introduction to the gear of astro-photography The young recruit is silly – 'e thinks o' suicide; 'E's lost his gutter-devil; 'e 'asn't got 'is pride; But day by day they kicks him, which 'elps 'im on a bit, Till 'e finds 'isself one mornin' with a full an' proper kit. Rudyard Kipling Like the young recruit in Kipling's poem 'The 'Eathen', a deep-sky imaging beginner starts with little in the way of equipment or skill. With 'older' imagers urging him onward, providing him with the benefit of the mistakes that they had made during their journey and allowing him access to the equipment they've built or collected, the newcomer gains the 'equipment' he needs, be it gear or skills, to excel at the art. At that time he has acquired a 'full and proper kit' and ceases to be a recruit. This paper is a discussion of hardware, software, methods and actions that a newcomer might find useful. It is not meant to be an in-depth discussion of all forms of astro-photography; that would take many books and more knowledge than I have available. -
Tools of Astronomy Notes Light Is a Form of Electromagnetic Radiation
Name_________________________________________Date____________________Period__ Tools of Astronomy Notes Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Scientists call the light you can see visible light. If you shine white light through a prism, the light spreads out to make a range of different colors with different wavelengths, called a spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum includes the entire range of radio waves, microwaves infrared, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. Telescopes are instruments that collect and focus light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. A telescope that uses lenses or mirrors to collect and focus visible light is called an optical telescope. The two major types of optical telescopes are refracting telescopes and reflecting telescopes. Telescopes used to detect radio waves from objects in space are called radio telescopes. Most radio telescopes have curved, reflecting surfaces. As with optical telescopes, the larger a radio telescope is, the more radio waves it can collect. Radio telescopes can be used day or night. They can also be used during cloudy weather because radio waves can pass through clouds. Most ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays are blocked by Earth’s atmosphere. To detect these wavelengths, astronomers have placed the Hubble space telescope in space. Some space telescopes also detect visible light or infrared radiation. The Earth’s atmosphere interferes with of these forms of radiation. By placing a telescope in space astronomers get a clearer picture of the universe. Spectroscopes are another useful tool for astronomers. A spectroscope breaks the light from a star into a spectrum. Each element has a unique spectrum. This allows astronomers to compare the spectrum of a star to known elements. -
A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography National Aeronautics and Space Administration A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography Dr. Sten Odenwald NASA Space Science Education Consortium Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland Cover designs and editing by Abbey Interrante Cover illustrations Front: Aurora (Elizabeth Macdonald), moon (Spencer Collins), star trails (Donald Noor), Orion nebula (Christian Harris), solar eclipse (Christopher Jones), Milky Way (Shun-Chia Yang), satellite streaks (Stanislav Kaniansky),sunspot (Michael Seeboerger-Weichselbaum),sun dogs (Billy Heather). Back: Milky Way (Gabriel Clark) Two front cover designs are provided with this book. To conserve toner, begin document printing with the second cover. This product is supported by NASA under cooperative agreement number NNH15ZDA004C. [1] Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 5 How to use this book ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1.0 Light Pollution ....................................................................................................................................... 12 2.0 Cameras ................................................................................................................................................ -
Infinity 60AZ and 70AZ Manual (Size: 2.3
www.meade.com MEADE INSTRUCTION MANUAL 60mm | 2.4” Alt-azimuth Refracting Telescope 70mm | 2.8” Alt-azimuth Refracting Telescope INFINITY SERIES 60 & 70mm Telescopes WARNING! Never use a Meade® telescope to look at the Sun! Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye. Eye damage is often painless, so there is no warning to the observer that damage has occurred until it is too late. Do not point the telescope at or near the Sun. Do not look through the telescope or viewfinder as it is moving. Children should always have adult supervision while observing. INTRODUCTION determines how much detail you will be Your telescope is an excellent beginner’s able to see in your telescope. The focal instrument, and is designed to observe length information will help later on to 1 objects in the sky and also on land. It can calculate magnification. be your personal window on the universe or allows you to intimately study the behavior of Setting up your telescope involves these nesting birds on a distant hillside. simple steps: • Setting up your tripod The telescope is shipped with the following • Attach the accessory tray parts: • Attach the optical tube to the mount • Optical tube • Attach the viewfinder • Aluminum tripod with accessory tray • Attach the diagonal mirror and eye- • Two 1.25” eyepieces: MA25mm, MA9mm piece • 90 degree erect image diagonal mirror • Align the viewfinder • 2X Barlow • Red-dot viewfinder with bracket Study the picture on the next page and • Yoke-style mount become acquainted with the parts of your telescope. -
The UTB/TSC Physics and Astronomy Department, the Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, and the Brownsville Alliance for Science Education Host Mars Viewing
The UTB/TSC Physics and Astronomy Department, the Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, and the Brownsville Alliance for Science Education Host Mars Viewing Quick Guide to the Mars Opposition of August 2003 What is Mars? Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun, or the next planet out from the Earth. Often visible with the unaided eye, it has long been a source of fascination. Mars is about half the size of the Earth (in diameter). Its atmosphere is much thinner than the Earth's, and is mostly carbon dioxide. The average temperature on Mars is -45° C (-50° F), although it can range from -100° to 0° C (-150° to 30° F). Liquid water cannot exist on Mars on the surface. The time for Mars to complete one orbit around the Sun, the Martian year, is 687 days or 1.88 of our years. But Mars rotates on its axis once every 24 hours and 37 minutes, very similar to our day. The surface of Mars is rock and dust. There are many craters from the impacts of comets and asteroids, but there are also vast plains with extinct volcanoes larger than any on Earth, a rift Mars as seen by the Viking 1 valley the length of the United States, and channels apparently cut by running water sometime orbiter. Valles Marineris in the past. Mars appears orange with dark brown regions of wind-blown dust. There are also (Mariner Valley) cuts across the white polar caps of ice and dry ice (frozen water and frozen carbon dioxide) which expand center from left to right. -
The Great Refractor of Meudon Observatory Series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library
springer.com Audouin Dollfus The Great Refractor of Meudon Observatory Series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library A definitive source of the Meudon telescope's history, written by a renowned astronomer The book is notable for the comprehensive documentation and attention to detail, tracing the genesis and construction of the telescope All works in the book have been theses and dissertations published by many prestigious, and sometimes lesser known, researchers The large telescope at Meudon has become legendary. When it was conceived, after 1870, astronomy as a whole was limited to visual observation. Knowledge of the sky was limited to what one could see, assisted only by optical means. The large telescopes produced at this time produced larger images, permitting close-up views: the Meudon telescope was able to 2013, XIII, 150 p. accomplish this perfectly. At Meudon, which became the Mecca of visual observation, the major planets were examined in a way that no other telescope had previously been able to. Printed book The telescope monitored the state of their atmospheres and mapped the appearance of their Hardcover surfaces. Through the telescope, one could obtain photographs showing the nuclei of comets, 119,99 € | £109.99 | $149.99 revealing their very small size, and by using an eyepiece one could measure the separation of [1] 128,39 € (D) | 131,99 € (A) | CHF double stars. With a marvellous little instrument, the polarimeter, the nature of clouds in 141,50 planetary atmospheres has been determined, and the type of surface material identified. Many Softcover more results were obtained, while photography, universally adopted, revolutionized other 102,79 € | £79.99 | $119.99 knowledge about the world. -
Tele Vue-60 Operating Guide
Qwik-Point Installation Instructions: TV60OG 1003 PRICE $5.00 Printed in U.S.A. 1) Remove the 2 but- ton head screws from the dew shield with a 1/8” Allen key. OPERATING GUIDE (You won’t be needing the screws anymore.) 2) Attach the Qwik- Tele Vue-60 Point adapter block using the socket-head cap screws and wrench supplied with the Qwik- Point (model QBT-1006). 3) Follow instructions packaged with Qwik-Point for alignment and use. Since the Qwik-Point installs on the dew shield (sometimes called Sun Shade), it can be rotated to any conve- nient angle. It stores in the Tele Vue-60 carrybag with out need to remove it. Optional equipment shown. 360mm f/6.0 APO REFRACTOR ® Tele Vue 32 Elkay Dr., Chester, New York 10918 (845) 469 - 4551 www.televue.com Visionary 16 OPERATING GUIDE 11. SPECIFICATIONS: Congratulations on purchasing the Tele Vue-60 APO telescope. We worked hard Type 2-element APO refractor to ensure that the Tele Vue-60 embodies all the performance and features of the fi nest Clear Aperture 2.4 inches (60mm) astronomical-quality telescopes along with the compact size, ease-of-use, and versatility Aperture Gain 73, compared to a 7mm eye pupil of a top spotting scope. Please take the time to read this operating guide to familiarize Focal Length 14.2 inches (360mm) yourself with the various parts, operating suggestions and care instructions that will enable Focal Ratio f/6 you to obtain maximum enjoyment from your new Tele Vue-60. Resolution 1.9 arc-sec. -
BUILDING a SIMPLE REFRACTING TELESCOPE Grades 5–8
BUILDING A SIMPLE REFRACTING TELESCOPE grades 5–8 Objective To build a simple refracting telescope. Introduction A simple refracting telescope is very easy to create. All that is needed are two convex lenses and two cardboard tubes. The first part of this activity demonstrates the inner workings of a telescope, and the second part demonstrates how to construct a simple refracting telescope. The lenses that will be used in this telescope are very similar to the lenses used by Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. Within a refracting telescope there are two lenses: an objective lens and an eyepiece. Part 1 of the activity demonstrates how light passes through the first lens and is bent (or refracted) to a focal point. Using a blank piece of paper, students can see where the focused image is formed. When another lens is placed on the opposite side of the piece of paper it acts like a magnifier, making the image appear larger. This arrangement of lenses demonstrates the simplicity of the basic telescope. Part 2 of the activity demonstrates how to construct a telescope and use it to view distant objects. The same lenses used in part 1 can be used in part 2 with the cardboard tubes to hold the lenses in place. The tubes slide inside each other to focus the telescope. After observing the process of light refraction without a telescope tube, students should have a clear understanding of what happens when they point their simple telescope at a distant planet or object. Background Reading for Educators Telescopes: Super Views of Space, available at https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/discovering-the-universe/ telescopes-super-views-from-space Developed with the generous support of The Charles Hayden Foundation BUILDING A SIMPLE REFRACTING TELESCOPE Materials Set of lenses Styrofoam cups These can be ordered from Sergeant- 40–75 Watt red bulb Welch (1-800-727-4368) Desk lamp or flashlight part # WL53200-38L A and B, Scissors $0.99/lens) Blank piece of paper Transparent tape Note: These lenses can also be Set of cardboard tubes purchased in sets of 20.