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Home , Curlew, Eurasian woodcock, Fennoscandia, Godwit, Tringa, Woodcock

Key concepts of Article 7(4): Version 2008

Species no. 50:

Eurasian Scolopax rusticola

Distribution: The has an extensive Palaearctic distribution. It breeds from the and Ireland to the pacific coast of . winter in , North , the Middle East, India and Southeast to . In Europe breeding occurs from Fennoscandia and Russia to the and the .

Movements: Breeding populations in western maritime countries are sedentary, whilst those elsewhere are migratory. Scandinavian populations move southwest to winter mainly in Britain and . Finnish birds move mainly south and winter mostly in Italy and the . Autumn movements start after the onset of frosts. Birds from the large Russian population are recorded wintering across most of West and . The majority of birds are in their winter quarters by November but further (sometimes large scale) movements may occur in response to cold weather. Return migration starts in February in the Mediterranean and the first half of March elsewhere.

Population size and trends: The Woodcock is a difficult to count accurately. The European breeding population is estimated at 1,800,000 – 6,600,000 pairs of which 1,200,000 - 5,000,000 breeds in Russia (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The EU 27 population is estimated at 460,000 - 1,500,000 pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004A, 2004B).

During 1990-2000 trends were stable across most of its European range, but declining in its Russian stronghold resulting in an overall moderate decline in Europe (>10%) (BirdLife Int. 2004A).

Biological and behavioural aspects: Breeding: clutch size is usually 4 eggs (2-5); incubation 21-24 days; fledging period 15-20 days but sometimes able to get off ground at 10 days; independence: 5-6 weeks after hatching; brood: normally one brood.

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Movements

Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola

Member MIGRANT RESIDENT State Breeding Passage Wintering FI 9 9 SE 9 9 EE 9 9 Occasional LV 9 9 LT 9 9 PL 9 9 SK 9 9 CZ 9 9 rare DK 9 9 9 UK 9 9 9 IE 9 9 9 DE 9 9 9 NL 9 9 9 BE 9 9 9 LU 9 9 9 HU 9 9 AT 9 9 SI 9 9 FR 9 9 9 9 ES 9 9 9 PT (9) 9 9 IT 9 9 9 MT 9 GR Probably 9 9 breeding CY 9 9 RO 9 9 9 BG 9 9 9 HR 9 9 9

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Definition of period of reproduction

Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola

Member Period of reproduction Comments References State begins with FI Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sites SE Occupation of breeding 1, 9, 12, 14 sites EE Occupation of breeding sites LV LT Occupation of breeding 7 sites, courtship display PL Occupation of breeding sites SK Occupation of breeding 1, 2 sites CZ Occupation of breeding sites DK Occupation of breeding sites UK Nuptial parade 1 IE Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3 sites DE Occupation of breeding 1 sites NL Nuptial parade 21 BE Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sites LU Occupation of breeding 1 sites HU Occupation of breeding HU1 sites AT Occupation of breeding Arrival on breeding 2 sites ground, mating SI FR Occupation of breeding 6 sites ES Occupation of breeding 1 sites PT Occupation of breeding Only breeds in 8 sites and Azores - no data available IT Occupation of breeding Scarce and irregular 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sites breeder MT GR CY RO 3 BG Occupation of breeding 6, 10 sites HR Occupation of breeding Small breeding 23 sites population

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Period of reproduction

Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions

1) The period of reproduction begins with the occupation of the breeding sites (courtship display - roding). 2) The beginning of the reproduction period ranges from 3rd decade of February (FR) to 2nd decade of April (HU, EE, LV) 3) End of the period of reproduction ranges from the 3rd decade of July (EE, DK, HU, RO, BG) to the 1st decade of September (AT, CZ, IE, UK, SK). The end of the reproduction period is difficult to observe in the field, but can be extrapolated from the laying date. Therefore, its end is c. 4 decades after hatching (full flight of young birds).

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Prenuptial migration

Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola

 Difficulty in identifying the beginning of the period of return to the rearing grounds?

Member YES NO References State FI X 1, 2, 3, 4 SE X 1, 12 EE X LV 3 LT Mixed population of residents & 5,7 migrants PL X 3 SK X 1, 2 CZ X DK Overlap between wintering birds and returning breeders UK Mixed population of residents & 1 migrants; secretive habits / cryptic colouration. IE Secretive and nocturnal 1, 3 migrant Overlap between wintering birds and returning breeders DE X 4 NL Secretive species; presence of wintering birds BE Secretive species; presence of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 wintering birds LU Secretive species 1 HU X 1 AT X 9 SI X FR No direct observation of birds 2, 6 ES Secretive species 1, 11, 12, 15,17 PT Difficult to detect and census 8 IT Secretive species. Mixing of 1, 4 wintering and passage birds. MT 5 GR No data on counts, phenology of 1, 2, 3 migration CY X RO 6 BG X 6, 10, 13, 16 HR X 12, 19

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Period of prenuptial migration

Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT ? ? IT MT GR CY ? ? ? RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions

1) In western maritime countries, it is difficult to identify the beginning of the period of return because the Woodcock is a secretive species, a nocturnal migrant and, furthermore, movements can occur in response to cold weather. In other where it is mainly migratory, it is not difficult to identify the beginning of that period (AT, DE, FI, SE). 2) Beginning of the prenuptial migration period ranges from the 2nd decade of January (IT, ES) to the 3rd decade of March (LT).

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Species no. 51:

Black-tailed Limosa limosa

Distribution: Palearctic. Wide but disjointed breeding distribution from Iceland, across Europe to western , and isolated populations in eastern Siberia. Two-thirds of the world population of the species breeds in Europe. Two races occur in Europe: L. l. islandica which breeds in Iceland and sporadically in Ireland and Scotland, whilst the nominate from breeds from France and the Netherlands through central and to Kazakhstan.

Movements: Both races are migratory. Icelandic birds winter in Britain, Ireland and along the Atlantic coast of France, and Portugal. Western populations of nominate limosa migrate down the Atlantic coast to tropical Africa whereas eastern populations (east of the German-Polish border) cross the and the Sahara to winter in central and eastern Africa.

Population size and trends: L. l. limosa population in Europe numbers 84,000 – 115,000 pairs and the L. l. islandica 15,000-25,000 pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The EU 27 population is estimated at 60,000 – 69,000 pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004B).

The European population underwent a large decline during 1970-1990 and the decline continued in the Eastern and Western populations during 1990-2000 (BirdLife Int. 2004A). In the same time the Icelandic population increased.

Biological and behavioural aspects: Clutch size is usually 3-4 eggs, rarely 5; incubation: 22-24 days; fledging period: 25-30 days; broods: one brood; independence: become independent at or soon after fledging; brood: one.

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Movements

Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa

Member MIGRANT RESIDENT State Breeding Passage Wintering FI Few 9 SE 9 9 EE 9 9 LV 9 9 LT 9 9 PL 9 9 9 SK Few 9 CZ Few 9 DK 9 9 UK 9 9 9 IE Few 9 9 DE 9 9 NL 9 9 Few BE 9 9 Very few LU Very few HU 9 9 AT 9 9 SI Few 9 FR Few 9 9 ES Few 9 9 PT 9 9 IT Few 9 MT 9 GR 9 9 CY Few RO 9 9 BG 9 9 HR 9

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Definition of period of reproduction

Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa

Member Period of reproduction Comments References State begins with FI Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sites SE Occupation of breeding 8, 11, 12 sites EE Occupation of breeding sites LV 1 LT Occupation of breeding 7 sites PL Occupation of breeding 3 sites SK Occupation of breeding sites CZ Occupation of breeding sites DK Occupation of breeding sites UK Occupation of breeding 2 sites IE Courtship display 1, 2, 3 DE Occupation of breeding 4, 7 sites NL Occupation of breeding 11, 18 sites BE Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3, 4 sites LU HU Occupation of breeding sites AT Occupation of breeding 13, 19 sites SI FR Occupation of breeding 1, 4, 6 sites ES PT IT Courtship display MT GR CY RO 7 BG HR

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Period of reproduction

Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions

1) The period of reproduction begins with the occupation of the breeding sites. 2) End of the period of reproduction ranges from the 2nd decade of June (IE) to the 3rd decade of July (FI, DE, IT, PL, CZ). Full flight of young birds marks the end of the reproduction period.

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Prenuptial migration

Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa

 Difficulty in identifying the beginning of the period of return to the rearing grounds?

Member YES NO References State FI Marginal population X 1, 2, 3, 4 SE X 8, 11, 12 EE X LV 1 LT X 5,7 PL X 2,3 SK X CZ X DK X UK X 1 IE X DE X 4, 10 NL X 7, 37 BE X 1, 2, 3, 4 LU HU X AT 13, 19 SI X FR Presence of two populations 2, 4, 6 Breeding, migrating, wintering ES PT Two different populations (L. l. Limosa & L. l. islandica) with 2 different migration strategies and timings IT MT 5 GR CY RO 1 BG X 5, 6, 15 HR X 18, 21

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Prenuptial migration

Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa

Distribution of the two populations during winter and migration

F S E L L P S C D U I D N B L H A S F E P I M G C R B H I E E V T L K Z K K E E L E U U T L R S T T T R Y O G R 1 - L. l. limosa 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 – L. l. 9 9 9 ? 9 9 islandica

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI 1 SE 1 EE 1 LV 1 DK 1 LT PL SK 1 CZ 1 UK 2 IE 2 DE 1 NL 1+2 BE 1+2 LU 1 HU 1 AT SI 1 FR 1+2 ES 1 PT 1+2 IT 1 MT 1 GR 1 CY 1 ? ? RO 1 BG 1 HR 1

Comments and conclusions

1) Two populations (L. l. limosa and L. l. islandica) occur in France, Belgium (regular but in small numbers) and Portugal. During the prenuptial migration it is difficult to know if a bird is from the islandica wintering population or a migrant from the limosa population. 2) Beginning of the prenuptial migration ranges from the 3rd decade of January (IT) to the 2nd decade of April (FI, EE) in the case of L. l. limosa and from the 1st decade (UK, FR) to the 3rd decade of February (NL, PT) in the case of L. l. islandica.

Reproduction & Prenuptial Migration * 309 * Key concepts of Article 7(4): Version 2008 Species no. 52:

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica

Distribution: The Bar-tailed Godwit inhabits and sub-arctic regions of and western Alaska.

Movements: Migratory. The birds of northern Fennoscandia, and western Siberia are wintering mainly in . The birds breeding more to the east in Siberia are migrating along the coasts of Western Europe, but are wintering in North-west Africa.

Population size and trends: The European breeding population is estimated to 1,400- 7,400 breeding pairs, with most birds breeding in and Russia (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The EU 27 population numbers only 110-350 pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004B) and are found in and .

The European population seems stable even though the population declined in Finland during 1990-2000 (BirdLife Int. 2004A).

The birds wintering in coastal west Europe and North-west Africa amount to about 120,000 individuals and the numbers are stable (Delany & Scott 2006).

Biological and behavioural aspects: clutch size is 3-4 eggs (2); incubation: 20-21 days; fledging period: not recorded; independence: dependent at least until fledging; broods: one.

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Movements

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica

MIGRANT Member State RESIDENT Breeding Passage Wintering FI 9 9 SE 5-50 pairs 9 EE 9 LV 9 LT 9 PL 9 SK CZ DK 9 9 UK 9 9 IE 9 DE 9 9 NL 9 9 BE 9 9 LU Very few HU AT Few SI FR 9 9 ES 9 9 PT 9 9 IT 9 9 MT GR CY RO BG 9 9 HR 9 9

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Definition of period of reproduction

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica

Member Period of reproduction Comments References State begins with FI Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sites SE Occupation of breeding Information on breeding 10, 11 sites is scarce EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

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Period of reproduction

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions

1) In the EU, it only breeds in FI and SE. 2) The period of reproduction starts with the occupation of the breeding sites. 3) The period of reproduction ends during the 1st decade of August with the full flight of young birds.

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Prenuptial migration

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica

 Difficulty in identifying the beginning of the period of return to the rearing grounds?

Member YES NO References State FI X 1, 2, 3, 4 SE X 8, 10, 11 EE LV 1 LT PL X 3 SK CZ DK 5 UK X 1 IE X 1, 3 DE X 4, 10 NL X 41 BE X 3 LU HU AT SI FR X 6 ES PT X 9, 10 IT X MT GR CY RO BG X 5, 6, 15 HR Very few 9

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Period of prenuptial migration

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions

1) Migratory with two different flyways in the EU: 1) Breeders from northern Fennoscandia, European Russia and western Siberia mainly winter in western Europe; 2) breeders from east of Siberia winter in north-western Africa passing along the west European coasts. 2) The prenuptial migration period starts with the departure from the wintering grounds or the arrival of first migrants. 3) The start of the prenuptial migration period ranges from the 1st decade of February (IE) to the 3rd decade of April (FI, SE).

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Species no. 53:

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

Distribution: The Whimbrel inhabits boreal and arctic regions of Eurasia and .

Movements: Migratory. West Palearctic population winters mainly in Afrotropical regions and on islands and coasts of western . The birds from the European breeding population winters mainly in West Africa. Small numbers winter in Europe.

Population size and trends: The European population is totalling 160,000-360,000 breeding pairs with the majority (100,000-250,000 pairs) breeding in Iceland (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The European Union holds 40,000 – 61,000 pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004B), which are mainly concentrated in Finland and Sweden and with small populations in Estonia, Latvia and the UK. The European population seems stable although a population decline has been reported from Finland (BirdLife Int. 2004A).

Biological and behavioural aspects: clutch size is 3-4 eggs (2-5); incubation: 27-28 days; fledging period: 35-40 days; independence: independent at or soon after fledging; broods: one.

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Movements

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

MIGRANT Member State RESIDENT Breeding Passage Wintering FI 9 9 SE 9 9 EE 9 9 LV 9 9 LT 9 PL 9 SK CZ Few DK 9 UK 9 9 IE 9 Very few DE 9 NL 9 BE 9 LU Very rare HU 9 AT 9 SI FR 9 ES 9 Few PT 9 Few IT 9 MT 9 GR 9 CY Very few RO 9 BG 9 Very few HR 9 9

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Definition of period of reproduction

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

Member Period of reproduction Comments References State begins with FI Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sites SE Occupation of breeding 8, 10, 11 sites EE Occupation of breeding sites LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK Occupation of breeding 2 sites IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

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Period of reproduction

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions

1) In the EU, it only breeds in FI, SE, EE, LV and UK. 2) The period of reproduction starts with the occupation of the breeding sites. 3) The end of the reproduction period ranges from the 2nd decade of July (EE) to the 1st decade of August (FI, SE, UK) with the full flight of young birds.

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Prenuptial migration

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

 Difficulty in identifying the beginning of the period of return to the rearing grounds?

Member YES NO References State FI X 1, 2, 3, 4 SE X 8, 10, 11 EE X LV 6 LT X PL X 3 SK CZ DK 5 UK X 1 IE X 1, 3, 4 DE X 4, 10 NL X 12 BE X 3 LU HU X AT 13, 19 SI FR X 6 ES PT X 9, 10 IT X MT GR CY RO 3 BG X 5, 6, 15 HR In the Adriatic difficult to separate 21, 23 from local wintering birds, small number of birds present during whole spring and summer

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Period of prenuptial migration

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY ? ? RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions

1) Migratory with very few birds wintering in the EU. 2) The period of prenuptial migration begins with the arrival of first migrants. 3) The beginning of the prenuptial migration period ranges from the 1st decade of March (UK, BG) to 3rd decade of April (SE).

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Species no. 54:

Curlew Numenius arquata

Distribution: Palearctic; this large inhabits the temperate and boreal zones of Europe and Asia. The nominate Numenius a. arquata breeds in Europe but grades into the Asiatic N. a. orientalis in South-east Europe and European Russia.

Movements: Mostly migratory, though some resident in west of range. The winters in Europe and on coasts in North and West Africa. Banc d’Arguin, in Mauritania is usually the southern limit for west and central European birds. Many first year birds remain in winter quarters.

Population size: The European population is totalling 220,000-360,000 breeding pairs, of which 48,000 – 120,000 breeds in Russia (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The EU 27 population is estimated at 160,000 – 220,000 pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004B). More than 50% of the EU population breeds in the United Kingdom.

In Europe the population is decreasing in four countries (United Kingdom, Russia, Finland and Sweden) which collectively hold more than 85% of the European population (BirdLife Int. 2004A). The only significant increase is occurring in France, on the coastal plains of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Denmark (BirdLife Int. 2004B).

Biological and behavioural aspects: clutch size is usually 4 eggs (2-5); incubation: 27- 29 days; fledging period: 32-38 days; independence: independent at or soon after fledging; broods: one brood.

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Movements

Curlew Numenius arquata

Member MIGRANT RESIDENT State Breeding Passage Wintering FI 9 9 SE 9 9 9 EE 9 9 LV 9 9 LT 9 9 PL 9 9 SK 9 9 Rare CZ 9 (Few) 9 Rare DK 9 9 9 UK 9 9 9 9 IE 9 9 9 9 DE 9 9 9 NL 9 9 9 BE 9 9 9 LU Few HU 9 9 AT 9 9 9 SI Few 9 FR 9 9 9 9 ES 9 (Few) 9 9 PT 9 9 IT 9 (Few) 9 9 MT 9 GR 9 9 CY 9 9 RO 9 9 9 BG 9 9 HR 9 9

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Definition of period of reproduction

Curlew Numenius arquata

Member Period of reproduction Comments References State begins with FI Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sites SE Occupation of breeding 8, 11, 12 sites EE Occupation of breeding sites LV LT Occupation of breeding 7 sites PL Occupation of breeding 3 sites SK Occupation of breeding sites CZ Occupation of breeding sites DK Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3, 4 sites UK Occupation of breeding 1 sites IE Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3 sites DE Occupation of breeding 4, 8 sites NL Display 11, 12 BE Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sites LU HU Occupation of breeding sites AT Occupation of breeding 13,19 sites SI FR Occupation of breeding 1, 4, 6 sites ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

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Period of reproduction

Curlew Numenius arquata

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions

1) The period of reproduction begins with the occupation of the breeding sites. 2) The end of the period of reproduction ranges from the 2nd decade of June (AT) to the 3rd decade of August (IE). Full flight of young birds marks the end of the reproduction period.

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Prenuptial migration

Curlew Numenius arquata

 Difficulty in identifying the beginning of the period of return to the rearing grounds?

Member YES NO References State FI X 1, 2, 3, 4 SE X 8, 11, 12 EE X LV 6 LT X 5,7 PL X 3 SK X CZ X DK X 1, 2, 3, 4 UK Mixed population of residents & 1 migrants IE Mixed population of residents & 1, 3 migrants DE X 4, 10 NL Mixing of breeding and migrating 7, 37 birds BE Presence of wintering birds 1, 2, 3, 4 LU Small numbers HU X AT 9, 14, 20 SI X FR Mixing of breeding and migrating 2, 4, 6 birds ES PT IT MT 5 GR CY RO 3 BG X 6, 5, 15 HR Difficult to separate local 18, 21, 23 movements of winter population and returning migrants, small number of birds present during whole spring and summer

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Period of prenuptial migration

Curlew Numenius arquata

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY ? RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions

1) Mostly migratory. 2) The beginning of the prenuptial migration is difficult to identify in regions where residents and migrants are mixed (FR, UK, IE). 3) Departure of migrants from wintering grounds, in western maritime countries, or arrival of first migrants, in other regions, corresponds to the beginning of the prenuptial migration. 4) Beginning of prenuptial migration ranges from the 1st decade of February (DK, IE, BG, HR) to the 3rd decade of March (FI, EE).

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Species no. 55:

Spotted Redshank erythropus

Distribution: This bird inhabits and scrub tundra in northern Eurasia, from the north of and Finland to eastern Siberia.

Movements: Migratory. The European population winters mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, north of the Equator. Small numbers stay in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions and Western Europe.

Population size and trends: The total European population is estimated at 19,000- 42,000 breeding pairs (BirdLife 2004A). The total population in the European Union is estimated to 15,000 - 26,000 breeding pairs (BirdLife Int. 2004B). During 1990-2000 the population in Norway and Russia remained stable, but decreased in Finland, which is the country holding the largest part of the population in the European Union (BirdLife Int. 2004A, 2004B).

Biological and behavioural aspects: clutch size is 4 eggs (sometimes 3); incubation: period not recorded; fledging period: not recorded; independence: not recorded; broods: one brood.

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Movements

Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus

MIGRANT Member State RESIDENT Breeding Passage Wintering FI 9 9 SE 9 9 EE 9 LV 9 LT 9 PL 9 SK 9 CZ 9 DK 9 UK 9 9 IE 9 Few DE 9 NL 9 9 BE 9 9 LU Few HU 9 AT 9 SI 9 FR 9 9 ES 9 9 PT 9 9 IT 9 9 MT 9 GR 9 9 CY 9 RO 9 9 BG 9 9 HR 9

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Definition of period of reproduction

Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus

Member Period of reproduction Comments References State begins with FI Occupation of breeding 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 sites SE Occupation of breeding 8, 10, 11 sites EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY HR

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Period of reproduction

Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions 1) In the EU, it only breeds in FI and SE. 2) The period of reproduction starts with the occupation of the breeding sites. 3) The end of the period of reproduction ranges from the 1st (FI) to the 2nd decade of decade of August (SE). Full flight of young birds marks the end of the period of reproduction.

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Prenuptial migration

Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus

 Difficulty in identifying the beginning of the period of return to the rearing grounds?

Member YES NO References State FI X 1, 2, 3, 4 SE X 8, 10, 11 EE X 4 LV 6 LT X PL X 3 SK CZ X DK 5 UK X 1 IE X 3 DE X 4, 8, 10 NL X 12, 37, 44 BE X 3, 5 LU HU X AT 13, 19 SI X FR X 6 ES PT Present always in small numbers 9 IT X MT 5 GR CY RO 3 BG X 6, 15, 16 HR X 17, 18

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Period of prenuptial migration

Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus

J A N F E B M A R A P R M A Y J U N J U L A U G S E P O C T N O V D E C FI SE EE LV LT PL SK CZ DK UK IE DE NL BE LU HU AT SI FR ES PT IT MT GR CY ? ? RO BG HR

Comments and conclusions 1) Migratory with small numbers of wintering birds in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions and Western Europe. 2) The prenuptial migration period begins with the arrival of the first migrants. 3) The beginning of the period of prenuptial migration ranges from the 3rd decade of February (IE, PT, BG) to the 1st decade of May (FI).

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