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Die Griechische Polis Als Historisch-Geographisches Problem Des Mittelmeerraumes

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Die Griechische Polis Als Historisch-Geographisches Problem Des Mittelmeerraumes Colloquium Geographicum ISSN 0588-3253 Band 5 Die griechische Polis als historisch-geographisches Problem des Mittelmeerraumes Vorangestellt: Alfred Philippsons Lebenswerk von Herbert Lehmann und Bibliographie A. Philippson von Ernst Kirsten 1956 Bonn E. Kirsten I Die griechische Polis als historisch-geogr~phisches Problem des Mittelmeerraumes Colloquium Geographicum Vorträge des Bonner Geographischen Kolloquiums zum Gedächtnis an Ferdinand von Riohthofen herausgegeben vom Geographischen Institut der Universität Bonn durch C a r I T r o 11 Schriftleitung: H e l m u t H ahn Band 5 Ernst Kirsten Die griechische Polis als historisch-geographisches Problem des Mittelmeerraumes mit A Philippson-Bibliographie und Gedächtnisrede von H. L eh m an n 1956 In Kommission bei Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag• Bonn Die griechische Polis als historisch-geographisches Problem des Mittelmeerraumes Mit 15 Abbildungen im Text und 10 Bildern auf Kunstdrucktafeln von Ernst Kirsten vorangestellt: Alfred Philippsons Lebenswerk von H e r b e r t L e h m an n und Bibliographie A. Phi 1i pp so n In Kommission bei Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag• Bonn Alle Rechte. vorbehalten. Satz und Druck: Richard ·Mayr, Würzburg Vorwort Als einer der letzten Schüler Ferdinand von Rich thofens verstarb am 28. März 1953 in seiner Geburtsstadt Bonn im 90. Lebensjahre Geheimrat Professor Alfred Phfäppson, nachdem bereits eineinhalb Jahre vorher, am 4. September 1951 sein Nachfolger auf dem Bonner Lehrstuhl der Geogra- phie, Professor Leo Waibel, plötzlich vom Tode dahingerafft worden war. Die beiden bedeutenden Forscher haben der deutschen Geographie seit der Jahrhundertwende entscheidende Stempel aufgedrückt, Philippson ganz besonders für die Geomorphologie und die Länderkunde, Waibel für die Landschaftskunde und Wirtschaftsgeographie. Beide waren die Träger der F. von Richthofen-Tradition an der Universität Bonn. Ist F. von Richt- hofens Name in der regionalen Erdforschung für alle Zeiten mit dem Erd- teil Asien verbunden, so der Philippsons mit dem Mittelmeerraum und der Waibels mit der Tropenzone. Es lag daher nahe, das zu Ehren F. von Richthofens begründete Festkolloquium der Universität Bonn in zwei auf- einanderfolgenden Jahren dem besonderen Gedächtnis der beiden ver- storbenen Geographen zu widmen und dem auch in der Wahl der Themen Ausdruck zu verleihen. 1953 fand das Kolloquium zur Erinnerung an Leo Waibel statt, bei dem Waibels nachgelassenes Werk „Die europäische Kolonisation Südbrasi- liens", die Frucht einer eingehenden Feldforschung, von seinem Schüler, Freund und Mitarbeiter Gottfried Pfeifer vorgelegt werden konnte. Es ist inzwischen, mit dessen Einführung, als Band 4 des „Colloquium Geographi- cum" im Druck erschienen. Am 17. Juni 1954 folgte das Kolloquium zum Andenken an Alfred Phi- lippson, bei dem Professor Herbert Lehmann die hier abgedruckte Gedenk- rede hielt. Professor Lehmann war nach dem letzten Kriege an die Uni- versität Bonn gekommen, vor allem angezogen durch die Person A. Phi- lippsons, mit dem ihn gemeinsame Interessen in der Griechenland- forschung verbanden. Er hat dem in hohem Alter aus der politischen Ver- folgung in seine Heimatstadt zurückgekehrten Gelehrten dankbar empfun- dene Hilfe beim Abschluß seines wissenschaftlichen Lebenswerkes gelei- stet, bis er einem Ruf nach Frankfurt folgte. Dank der Unterstützung der Landesregierung von Nordrhein-Westfalen konnte die Bibliothek Philippsons für das Geographische Institut der Uni- versität Bonn erworben und aus den Griechenland und die Türkei be- treffenden Teilen die laufend ergänzte Bibliothek einer „Abteilung für historische Geographie und antike Topographie" errichtet werden, für deren Leitung Herr Professor Ernst Kirsten als Fachmann der mittelmee- rischen Altertumswissenschaft gewonnen wurde. Seine intimen Kenntnisse 5 der historisch-geographischen Prnbleme des Mittelmeerraumes stellten eine harmonische Ergänzung zu Philippsons auf naturwissenschaftlicher Basis ruhendem Werke dar, die er in aufopfernder, selbstloser Weise für die Veröffentlichung von Philippsons Lebenswerk einsetzte. Von der Arbeit dieser Abteilung und dem alle Räume des Mittelmeer- kulturkreises von Ägypten bis Nordengland, von Spanien bis Vorderasien der Reihe nach behandelnden Lehrbetrieb der historischen Geographi~ sollte der Gedächtnisvortrag von E. Kirsten einen Eindruck vermitteln. Mit ihm werden zugleich die Ergebnisse in einen größeren räumlichen und zeit- lichen Rahmen gestellt, die bei der Herausgabe von A. Philippsons nach- gelassenem Werk „Die Griechischen Landschaften" in Beiträgen zur hi- storischen Landeskunde der einzelnen Teilräume von Griechenland ge- wonnen tµid auf siedlungsgeschichtlichen Karten dargestellt werden°). Der Sinn des vo:rliegenden Bandes des „Colloquium Geographicum" soll es sein, das Werk Philippsons lebendig zu erhalten. Es wurde ihm daher auch die Bibliographie der Veröffentlichungen des Meisters angefügt, über die in der Philippson-Festschrift 1929 hinaus gebotene Liste bis 1956 er- gänzt und nach Sachgruppen geordnet. C. Troll 0 ) Von dem Werke sind bisher folgende Teile erschienen: Bd. I, Tl.1: Thessalien und die Spercheios-Senke, 1950; Bd. I, Tl. 2: Das östliche Mittelgriechenland und die Insel Euboea, 1951. Bd. I, Tl. 3: Attika und Megaris, 1952. Bd. II, Tl. 1: Epirus und Pindos. 1956. Zusammen 1377 Seiten. Verlag Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt a. M. 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis Alfred Philippsons Lebenswerk von Herbert Lehmann 9 Bibliographie A. Philippson, nach Sachgruppen geordnet von E. Kirsten 15 Die griechische Polis als historisch-geographisches Problem des Mittelmeerraums von Ernst Kirsten 27 1. Die Siedlungslage der griechischen Polis . 33 2. Polis und Polis-Gebiet in der griechischen Welt des Altertums . 66 3. Stadt und Land im alten Hellas 93 4. Die Ausbreitung der Polis im Mittelmeerraum 115 Bibliographie 134 Register 145 Zu den Tafeln 153 7 Verzeichnis der Textabbildungen 1. Die Besiedlung der Messara-Ebene (Kreta) 39 2. Stadtlage und Polis-Gebiet von Gela (Sizilien) 50 3. Akragas (Sizilien). Blockdiagramm 53 4. Thyrreion (Akarnanien). Hellenist. Landschafts-Festung . 59 5. Nikaia und Cemene!tUm (jetzt Nizza) 68 6. Groß-Griechenland, Geologie und griech. Besiedlung . 72 7. PolU1-Gebiete und geologische Kleinräume auf der Halbinsel von Erythrai (West-Kleinasien) 80 8. Polis-Gebiete und geologische Struktur der Mysischen Halb- insel (Nordwest-Kleinasien) 82 9. Das Polis-Gebiet von Meliteia (Südost-Thessalien) 86 10. Geologische Karte der nordöstlichen Peloponnes . 88 11. Siedlungen und Polis-Gebiete der Nordost-Peloponnes 89 12. Verbreitung mykenischer Siedlungen in Griechenland 100 13. Verbreitung der Polis im Ägäis-Raum um 400 v. Chr. 101 14. Burgen und Polis-Gebiete in Umbrien 120 15. Phasen der Verbreitung der Polis im Mittelmeerraum 125 8 Alfred Philippsons Lebenswerk von Herbert Lehmann Das Lebenswerk des Mannes, dessen wir in dieser festlichen Sitzung ge- denken, in seinem vollen Umfange würdigen zu wollen, hieße, den Rah- men dieser kurzen Feierstunde sprengen. Denn Alfred Philippson gehört zu den großen Meistern der klassischen Epoche unserer Wissenschaft, die sich an den Namen Ferdinand von Richthofen knüpft. Sein wissenschaft- liches Oeuvre, das angefangen von der ersten Veröffentlichung über nor- wegische Gesteine im Jahre 1883 bis zum Erscheinen des 1. Bandes der ,,Griechischen Landschaften" im Jahre 1950 192 Nummern zählt - dar- unter eine Reihe mehrbändiger Werke - und volle 66 Jahre umspannt, ist zu eng verflochten mit der Entwicklung der modernen Geographie, als daß man ihm mit einer knappen Charakterisierung gerecht werden könnte. Die mir zuteil gewordene Aufgabe glaube ich daher nur erfüllen zu kön- nen, indem ich an einen Teil des ungewöhnlich umfangreichen Lebens- werkes Alfred Philippsons anknüpfe - freilich jenen Teil, der ihm immer am meisten am Herzen lag, und der am klarsten seine Forscherpersönlich- keit widerspiegelt: an Philippsons Arbeiten im östlichen Mittelmeer- gebiet. Die geographische Forschung in Griechenland und Kleinasien ist für alle Zeiten mit dem Namen Alfred Philippson verbunden. Hier stehen wir staunend vor dem seltenen Faktum, daß ein Einzelner zugleich Pionier und Vollender sein kann. Die erste Forschungsreise des jungen Gelehrten gilt dem griechischen Boden; mit fast 90 Jahren legt der greise Forscher ungebrochenen Geistes die letzte Hand an sein umfassendes Werk über die griechischen Landschaften. In vielen Gebieten ist die Forschung in all den Jahren kaum über das hinausgekommen, was er einst selbst er- arbeitet hat: Alfred Philippson kann in seinen „Griechischen Landschaf- ten" streckenweise mit dem besten Willen nur Alfred Philippson zitieren - über 50 Jahre nach seinen grundlegenden Forschungsreisen in den Jahren 1887 bis 1904, während deren er in Griechenland und Kleinasien unermüdlich geographisch und geologisch kartierend bei seinen Routen- aufnahmen rund 20 000 km zu Pferd zurückgelegt hat. Lassen Sie mich eine persönliche Erinnerung einschalten und die Zei- ten heraufbeschwören, da mir zum ersten Mal der Name Alfred Philipp- son ein lebendiger Begriff wurde, lange bevor ich ihn selbst kennen ler- nen durfte. Es war zu Beginn der 20er Jahre, ich hatte eben die Univer- sität bezogen und plante mit gleichgesinnten Kameraden in hyperionischer 9 Schwärmerei eine Wallfahrt nach Kalauria, der Insel der Diotima. Da Hölderlins Schilderung von Kalauria nicht gut zutreffen konnte, ward mir als dem frischgebackenen Studiosus der Geologie die Aufgabe, Daten über die Insel zu ermitteln. So geriet ich an Philippsons „Peloponnes, Ver- such
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