Ildikó Barna, Bulcsú Hunyadi, Patrik Szicherle and Farah Rasmi Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ildikó Barna, Bulcsú Hunyadi, Patrik Szicherle and Farah Rasmi Report Ildikó Barna, Bulcsú Hunyadi, Patrik Szicherle and Farah Rasmi Report on Xenophobia, Radicalism and Hate Crime in Hungary in 2017 Table of Contents 1. CHANGES IN LEGISLATION AFFECTING THE INTERESTS OF MINORITIES IN 2017 ........................................... 4 LEGISLATIVE AMENDMENTS CONCERNING THE ROMA POPULATION ............................................................................ 4 2. LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES AFFECTING MINORITIES IN 2017 ................................................................ 6 DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES AGAINST THE ROMA ................................................................................................. 6 DECISIONS OF COURTS AND STATE AUTHORITIES REGARDING DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE ROMA AND OTHER MINORITIES ..... 9 3. THE POSITION OF IMMIGRANTS IN HUNGARY IN 2017 ............................................................................... 12 LEGISLATIVE AMENDMENTS CONCERNING ASYLUM-SEEKERS ................................................................................... 12 LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT DECREES ON MIGRATION ............................................................................................ 14 DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES AGAINST ASYLUM-SEEKERS ....................................................................................... 16 DECISIONS OF COURTS AND STATE AUTHORITIES REGARDING DISCRIMINATION AGAINST ASYLUM-SEEKERS ......................... 19 SOCIAL SUPPORT AVAILABLE FOR IMMIGRANTS ................................................................................................... 19 4. MANIFESTATIONS OF XENOPHOBIA AND HATE SPEECH AMONG THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE POWERS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23 RHETORIC CONCERNING MIGRANTS ................................................................................................................. 23 RHETORIC CONCERNING ANTI-GOVERNMENT PROTESTERS ..................................................................................... 25 RHETORIC CONCERNING THE ROMA ................................................................................................................. 26 RHETORIC CONCERNING THE JEWISH COMMUNITY............................................................................................... 27 RHETORIC CONCERNING THE LGBTQ COMMUNITY.............................................................................................. 27 5. STATEMENTS AGAINST XENOPHOBIA AND RADICAL NATIONALISM AMONG GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES AND PROMINENT POLITICAL ACTIVISTS ........................................................................... 29 6. THE ATTITUDE OF THE HUNGARIAN SOCIETY TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS, FOREIGN NATIONALS AND VARIOUS ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS MINORITIES .............................................................................................. 30 PREJUDICE AGAINST THE ROMA ...................................................................................................................... 30 ANTISEMITISM ........................................................................................................................................... 30 XENOPHOBIA AND PREJUDICE AGAINST MIGRANTS ............................................................................................... 33 HOMOPHOBIA ........................................................................................................................................... 35 ISLAMOPHOBIA .......................................................................................................................................... 37 7. RADICAL NATIONALIST GROUPS AND PARTIES ........................................................................................... 38 THE JOBBIK PARTY ...................................................................................................................................... 38 FAR-RIGHT ORGANISATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 43 8. PUBLIC ACTIONS OF EXTREMISTS AND RADICAL NATIONALISTS, INCLUDING AMONG SPORTS FANS ......... 49 SIXTY-FOUR COUNTIES YOUTH MOVEMENT (HATVANNÉGY VÁRMEGYE IFJÚSÁGI MOZGALOM, HVIM) ........................... 49 STRENGTH AND RESOLVE (ERŐ ÉS ELSZÁNTSÁG, EE) ............................................................................................ 50 ARMY OF OUTLAWS (BETYÁRSEREG) ............................................................................................................... 52 HUNGARIAN SELF-DEFENCE MOVEMENT (MAGYAR ÖNVÉDELMI MOZGALOM, MÖM) ............................................... 52 IDENTITY GENERATION (IDENTITÁS GENERÁCIÓ) AND LEGION OF HONOUR (BECSÜLET LÉGIÓJA) ..................................... 52 EXTREMIST EVENTS AMONG SPORTS FANS ......................................................................................................... 53 9. HATE CRIMES AND INCIDENTS .................................................................................................................... 55 HATE CRIMES AND INCIDENTS AGAINST THE ROMA .............................................................................................. 56 ANTISEMITIC HATE CRIMES AND INCIDENTS ........................................................................................................ 58 HATE CRIMES AND INCIDENTS AGAINST MEMBERS OF THE LGBTQ COMMUNITY ......................................................... 61 2 HATE CRIMES AND INCIDENTS AGAINST MIGRANTS............................................................................................... 62 ANTI-ISLAMIC HATE CRIMES AND INCIDENTS ...................................................................................................... 63 HATE CRIMES AND INCIDENTS AGAINST ANTI-GOVERNMENT PROTESTERS AND NGOS ................................................... 64 10. GLORIFICATION OF GERMAN NATIONAL SOCIALISM AND COLLABORATORS OF NAZI GERMANY ............. 68 11. PERSECUTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS ........................................................................................... 74 LEGISLATIVE DECISIONS AGAINST NGOS ........................................................................................................... 75 ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES AND PRACTICES OF THE AUTHORITIES AGAINST NGOS ..................................................... 77 COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGNS AND STATEMENTS BY THE GOVERNMENT AGAINST NGOS .............................................. 77 12. CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 80 13. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 85 3 1. Changes in legislation affecting the interests of minorities in 2017 The Hungarian government has mainly focused on discriminatory legislation against asylum- seekers in 2017, as is detailed in Chapter 3. However, the Roma were also referred to within Fidesz’s anti-immigration campaign, for example when Prime Minister Viktor Orbán said Miskolc1 does not need immigrants since “it already has experiences with them, yet those came from Hungary, or – to be exact – from the territory of Hungary.”2 Nevertheless, the general experience is, as the Roma mayor of Cserdi3 put it, that in today’s Hungary it is not the Roma who must be hated the most; “There is Soros, there are migrants and only then come to the Roma.”4 Legislative amendments concerning the Roma population Considering that the main target of the government’s rhetoric and thus its legislative efforts were asylum-seekers, refugees, and illegal immigrants, no discriminatory legislation aiming at the Roma was approved at the national level in Hungary in 2017. There were, however, two legislative changes that aimed to facilitate the social inclusion of the Roma. In June 2017, the Hungarian government decided to make the construction of the Roma Education and Cultural Centre in Budapest an investment of special importance, which is going to speed up the construction process.5 The Cultural Centre will house a theatre hall, where both musical and dance performance will be held. Moreover, the Centre will be home to permanent and thematic exhibitions, workshops, a professional studio, digital archive, a library, a radio studio and an editorial room. Minister for Human Capacities, Zoltán Balog, said the institution would be a community space for the Roma and the non-Roma Hungarians to learn about Roma culture.6 In November 2017, Budapest also decided to create a Roma Special College Council to help the development of Roma intellectuals. The Council can make recommendations and can advise the government on, for example, legislation affecting special colleges for the Roma, and it is involved in developing the Roma special college network.7 The organisation started operating in April 2018, and the deputy state secretary for social inclusion at the 1 Miskolc is one of the biggest cities in northeastern Hungary with a population of 161,000. A considerably big Roma communitiy have been living in Miskolc. 2 “Orbán Viktor bevándorlóknak nevezte a magyar cigányságot”, 168ora.hu, 1 June 2018, http://168ora.hu/itthon/orban-viktor-bevandorloknak-nevezte-a-magyar-ciganysagot-146055. 3 Cserdi is small village in southeastern Hungary with a population of
Recommended publications
  • Historical Traumas in Post-War Hungary: Legacies and Representations of Genocide and Dictatorship
    The Hungarian Historical Review New Series of Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Volume 6 No. 2 2017 Historical Traumas in Post-War Hungary: Legacies and Representations of Genocide and Dictatorship Balázs Apor Special Editor of the Thematic Issue Contents Articles Zsolt Győri Discursive (De)Constructions of the Depoliticized Private Sphere in The Resolution and Balaton Retro 271 tamás BeZsenyi and The Legacy of World War II and Belated Justice andrás lénárt in the Hungarian Films of the Early Kádár Era 300 Péter Fodor Erasing, Rewriting, and Propaganda in the Hungarian Sports Films of the 1950s 328 anna menyhért Digital Trauma Processing in Social Media Groups: Transgenerational Holocaust Trauma on Facebook 355 ZsóFia réti Past Traumas and Future Generations: Cultural Memory Transmission in Hungarian Sites of Memory 377 lóránt Bódi The Documents of a Fresh Start in Life: Marriage Advertisements Published in the Israelite Newspaper Új Élet (New Life) Between 1945–1952 404 http://www.hunghist.org HHR_2017-2.indb 1 9/26/2017 3:20:01 PM Contents Featured review The Routledge History of East Central Europe since 1700. Edited by Irina Livezeanu and Árpád von Klimó. Reviewed by Ferenc Laczó 427 Book reviews Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c. 900–c. 1300. By Nora Berend, Przemysław Urbańczyk, and Przemysław Wiszewski. Reviewed by Sébastien Rossignol 434 Deserting Villages – Emerging Market Towns: Settlement Dynamics and Land Management in the Great Hungarian Plain: 1300–1700. By Edit Sárosi. Reviewed by András Vadas 437 Das Reich als Netzwerk der Fürsten: Politische Strukturen unter dem Doppelkönigtum Friedrichs II.
    [Show full text]
  • We're Not Nazis, But…
    August 2014 American ideals. Universal values. Acknowledgements On human rights, the United States must be a beacon. This report was made possible by the generous Activists fighting for freedom around the globe continue to support of the David Berg Foundation and Arthur & look to us for inspiration and count on us for support. Toni Rembe Rock. Upholding human rights is not only a moral obligation; it’s Human Rights First has for many years worked to a vital national interest. America is strongest when our combat hate crimes, antisemitism and anti-Roma policies and actions match our values. discrimination in Europe. This report is the result of Human Rights First is an independent advocacy and trips by Sonni Efron and Tad Stahnke to Greece and action organization that challenges America to live up to Hungary in April, 2014, and to Greece in May, 2014, its ideals. We believe American leadership is essential in as well as interviews and consultations with a wide the struggle for human rights so we press the U.S. range of human rights activists, government officials, government and private companies to respect human national and international NGOs, multinational rights and the rule of law. When they don’t, we step in to bodies, scholars, attorneys, journalists, and victims. demand reform, accountability, and justice. Around the We salute their courage and dedication, and give world, we work where we can best harness American heartfelt thanks for their counsel and assistance. influence to secure core freedoms. We are also grateful to the following individuals for We know that it is not enough to expose and protest their work on this report: Tamas Bodoky, Maria injustice, so we create the political environment and Demertzian, Hanna Kereszturi, Peter Kreko, Paula policy solutions necessary to ensure consistent respect Garcia-Salazar, Hannah Davies, Erica Lin, Jannat for human rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Violent Radicalisation & Far-Right Extremism in Europe
    merging trends in the European political con- text, including the rise of nativist nationalism and the emergence of hostile public discourses E on immigration, have brought ideas traditional- ly attributed to the far-right into mainstream discussion, VIOLENT in the process popularising and in some cases ‘normalis- ing’ them in the eyes of particular audiences. Öztürk Bilgehan Zeiger, Aristotle Kallis, Sara Especially since the turn of the new millennium, the dis- cussion on the dynamics of, and threats from, violent rad- RADICALISATION icalisation has received considerable fresh attention since a series of recent terrorist attacks testified to its highly disruptive and destructive potential. Taken together with the appreciable rise in instances of hate speech and in vio- lent incidents against vulnerable groups (Muslim, Jewish, & FAR-RIGHT Roma communities; immigrants and refugees, etc.), it is now feared that we may be witnessing a much broader and profound ‘reverse wave’ towards more intolerance, exclusion, and normalisation of violent extremism in EXTREMISM contemporary societies. IN EUROPE Aristotle Kallis, Sara Zeiger, Bilgehan Öztürk 9 789752 459472 VIOLENT RADICALISATION & FAR-RIGHT EXTREMISM IN EUROPE EUROPE IN EXTREMISM FAR-RIGHT & RADICALISATION VIOLENT VIOLENT RADICALISATION & FAR-RIGHT EXTREMISM IN EUROPE VIOLENT RADICALISATION & FAR-RIGHT EXTREMISM IN EUROPE Edited by Aristotle Kallis, Sara Zeiger, and Bilgehan Öztürk SETA Publications 34 First Published in 2018 by SETA ISBN: 978-975-2459-47-2 © 2018 SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, without permission in writing from the publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungarian Studies ^Eviezv Vol
    Hungarian Studies ^eviezv Vol. XXV, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 1998) Special Volume: Canadian Studies on Hungarians: A Bibliography (Third Supplement) Janos Miska, comp. This special volume contains a bibliography of recent (1995-1998) Canadian publications on Hungary and Hungarians in Canada and else- where. It also offers a guide to archival sources on Hungarian Canadians in Hungary and Canada; a list of Hungarian-Canadian newspapers, jour- nals and other periodicals ever published; as well as biographies of promi- nent Hungarian-Canadian authors, educators, artists, scientists and com- munity leaders. The volume is completed by a detailed index. The Hungarian Studies Review is a semi- annual interdisciplinary journal devoted to the EDITORS publication of articles and book reviews relat- ing to Hungary and Hungarians. The Review George Bisztray is a forum for the scholarly discussion and University of Toronto analysis of issues in Hungarian history, politics and cultural affairs. It is co-published by the N.F. Dreisziger Hungarian Studies Association of Canada and Royal Military College the National Sz£ch6nyi Library of Hungary. Institutional subscriptions to the HSR are EDITORIAL ADVISERS $12.00 per annum. Membership fees in the Hungarian Studies Association of Canada in- Oliver Botar clude a subscription to the journal. University of Manitoba For more information, visit our web-page: Geza Jeszenszky http://www.ccsp.sfu.ca/calj.hsr Budapest- Washington Correspondence should be addressed to: Ilona Kovacs National Szechenyi Library The Editors, Hungarian Studies Review, University of Toronto, Mlria H. Krisztinkovich 21 Sussex Ave., Vancouver Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 1A1 Barnabas A. Racz Statements and opinions expressed in the HSR Eastern Michigan U.
    [Show full text]
  • HUNGARY Hungary Is a Republic with a Population of Approximately 10
    HUNGARY Hungary is a republic with a population of approximately 10 million and a multiparty parliamentary democracy. Legislative authority is vested in the unicameral parliament (National Assembly). The National Assembly elects the head of state, the president, every five years. The president appoints a prime minister from the majority party or coalition. The National Assembly elections on April 11 and 25 were assessed as free and fair, with the conservative Fidesz- Christian Democrat (KDNP) coalition winning enough seats in the second round to achieve a two-thirds majority. Fidesz's prime ministerial candidate, Viktor Orban, took office on May 29. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. Human rights problems included police use of excessive force against suspects, particularly Roma; new restrictions on due process; new laws that expanded restrictions on speech and the types of media subject to government regulation; government corruption; societal violence against women and children; sexual harassment of women; and trafficking in persons. Other problems continued, including extremist violence and harsh rhetoric against ethnic and religious minority groups and discrimination against Roma in education, housing, employment, and access to social services. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings during the year. In December 2009 the Somogy County Military Prosecutor's Office pressed charges against 10 prison guards at the Kaposvar prison for causing the death of a pretrial detainee and physically assaulting nine other inmates in February 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • The Year of Rearrangement
    The Year of Rearrangement The Populist Right and the Far-Right in Contemporary Hungary The Year of Rearrangement The Populist Right and the Far-Right in Contemporary Hungary Authors: Attila Juhász Bulcsú Hunyadi Edited by: Eszter Galgóczi Attila Juhász Dániel Róna Patrik Szicherle Edit Zgut This study was prepared within the framework of the project “Strategies against the Far-Right”, in cooperation with the Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V., in 2017. Table of Contens The opinions expressed in the study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. Introduction ___________________________________________________________________ 7 Executive Summary ____________________________________________________________ 9 Political Environment __________________________________________________________ 12 Competing for Votes: The Voters of Fidesz and Jobbik ____________________________ 19 Socio-Demographic Composition ______________________________________________ 20 Political Preferences __________________________________________________________ 25 Election Chances ____________________________________________________________ 31 Competition on the Far End: The Extremist Rhetoric of Fidesz and Jobbiki __________32 Anti-Immigration Sentiments ___________________________________________________ 32 Anti-Semitism _______________________________________________________________ 41 Anti-Gypsyism ______________________________________________________________45 Homophobia ________________________________________________________________46
    [Show full text]
  • Hungary 2013 Human Rights Report
    HUNGARY 2013 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hungary is a multi-party parliamentary democracy. The unicameral National Assembly (parliament) exercises legislative authority. Parliament elects the president (the head of state) every five years. The president appoints a prime minister from the majority party or coalition following national elections every four years. In 2012 a single round national election system replaced the previous two-round system. The most recent parliamentary elections (in 2010) were assessed as free and fair. The conservative Fidesz-Christian Democrat coalition won a two-thirds parliamentary majority. Fidesz’s prime ministerial candidate, Viktor Orban, took office in 2010. Authorities maintained effective control over security forces. There were reports that security forces committed human rights abuses. Among the most important human rights problems during the year were societal discrimination and exclusion of the Roma (also known as Romani), and anti-Semitism. Discrimination continued to significantly limit Roma access to education, employment, health care, and social services. The government continued to use its two-thirds parliamentary majority to implement constitutional reform. It adopted the Fourth and the Fifth Amendments to the Fundamental Law (constitution). The Fourth Amendment in particular attracted intense international criticism and further reinforced concerns that checks and balances were eroding. Human rights NGOs stressed that political liberties and their guarantees have been subject to systematic curtailment in the past three years and that the Fourth Amendment was a new component of this process. The Fifth Amendment partially responded to international criticism, but concerns remained that provisions contained in the new legislation could undermine equal treatment of religious groups and media pluralism.
    [Show full text]
  • Combating Racism, Xenophobia and Extremism in Central Europe
    Combating RaCism, Xenophobia and ExtRemism in CentRal euRope 1 Content 1. intRoduCtion 4 2. teRminologY (deFinition oF eXtRemism) 4 3. CountRY summaRY 5 3.1. Hungary 5 3.1.1. Historical development after 1989 5 3.1.2. Political parties, organized groups and informal groups currently involved in extreme, xenophobic and racist activities 7 3.1.3. Topics of extremists 8 3.1.4. Biggest events 10 3.1.5. Extremist views in the current political mainstream parties 11 3.1.6. State approach in hungary - good and bad approaches of prevention of extremist, xenophobic and racist activities 12 3.1.7. State approach in hungary - good and bad approaches of state repression against extremist, xenophobic and racist activities 13 3.1.8. Non-state actors – successful activities and lessons learned 14 2 3.1.9. Civil society Reactions to Violence against Roma 16 3.1.10. Demonstrations and actions against far-right extremists 17 3.1.11. Anti-immigrant activities of extremists and preventive/repressive measures against it 18 3.1.12. Situation of victims of hate crimes 20 3.2. Germany 20 3.2.1. Historical development after 1989 20 3.2.2. Political parties, organized groups and informal groups currently involved in extreme, xenophobic and racist activities in saxony (germany) 22 3.2.3. Topics of right-wing extremists 24 3.2.4. Biggest events 26 3.2.5. Extremist views in the current political mainstream parties 27 3.2.6. State approach in germany - good and bad approaches of prevention of extremist, xenophobic and racist activities 28 3.2.7.
    [Show full text]
  • Nemzeti Radikálisok, 2006 – 20151 Szabó Gabriella
    Nemzeti radikálisok, 2006 – 20151 Szabó Gabriella A tanulmány a nemzeti radikális politikai közösség szemiotikai konfigurációját mutatja be a 2006-tól 2015-ig tartó időszakban. Azokat a jeleket kívánom összefoglalni, amelyek a közösség tagjai és a külvilág számára azonosítják a nemzeti radikálisokat. A kutatás arra a kérdésre keresi választ, hogy milyen jelek segítségével igazodhatott el akár a nemzeti radikális közösség tagja, akár valamelyik másik politikai közösség tagja és szimpatizánsa azt illetően, hogy kik azok a nemzeti radikálisok, kik az ellenfeleik, milyen ügyeket tűznek zászlajukra, melyek a diskurzusokban és csatornahasználatban megkülönböztető jegyeik, illetve melyek a nemzeti radikális ikonográfia tipikus elemei. Miért pont ezeket érdemes tanulmányozni? A kutatás elméleti és módszertani alapja a társadalomszemiotika. A politikai kommunikációra alkalmazott megközelítés szerint a fentiek körül formálódnak a legfontosabb szemiotikai erőforrások. Ezeket az erőforrásokat alkalmazva az adott politikai közösség a számukra legfontosabb politikai cselekvők (aktorok) és témák kijelölésével, szóhasználatok, metaforák, érvkészletek, csatornák, vizuális elemek és jellegzetes stílusok segítségével közölte mondanivalóját. A sajátos szemiotikai konfiguráció tette azonosíthatóvá a közösséget a tagjai, illetve a közösségen kívüli szereplők számára. Másként fogalmazva: a nemzeti radikális közösség politikai cselekvőkre, ügyekre, diskurzusokra, csatornákra, stb. vonatkozó jeltermelő erőfeszítéseit követve tájékozódhatott mindenki, aki a szóban
    [Show full text]
  • Criminal Geographical Journal February 2021 CRIMINAL GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL
    2021 1-2. Criminal Geographical Journal February 2021 _ CRIMINAL GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL Number 1-2 Volume III. February 2021 ISSN 2676-9778 GÁBOR ANDROVICZ: Service placement and housing conditions of the Budapest police staff from the 1880s to the 1930s SZABOLCS MÁTYÁS – ZSOLT LIPPAI – ÁGOTA NÉMETH – PÉTER FELFÖLDI – IVETT NAGY – ERIKA GÁL: Criminal geographical analysis of cycling accidents in Budapest ANDREA PŐDÖR: Investigation of different visualisation methods for crime mapping MÁTÉ SIVADÓ: The basic patterns of drug use are in some parts of the world and the possible causes of differences Abstracts of the 1st Criminal Geography Conference of the Hungarian Assocation of Police Science Hungarian Association of Police Science 1 Criminal Geographical Journal February 2021 CGJ ___________________________________________________________________________ CRIMINAL GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL ___________________________________________________________________________ ACADEMIC AND APPLIED RESEARC IN CRIMINAL GEOGRAPHY SCIENCE VOLUME III / NUMBER 1-2 / FEBRUARY 2021 2 Criminal Geographical Journal February 2021 Academic and applied research in criminal geography science. CGR is a peer-reviewed international scientific journal. Published four times a year. Chairman of the editorial board: SZABOLCS MÁTYÁS Ph.D. assistant professor (University of Public Service, Hungary) Honorary chairman of the editorial board: JÁNOS SALLAI Ph.D. professor (University of Public Service, Hungary) Editor in chief: VINCE VÁRI Ph.D. assistant professor (University of Public Service, Hungary) Editorial board: UFUK AYHAN Ph.D. associate professor (Turkish National Police Academy, Turkey) MARJAN GJUROVSKI Ph.D. assistant professor (State University ’St. Kliment Ohridski’, Macedonia) LADISLAV IGENYES Ph.D. assistant professor (Academy of the Police Force in Bratislava, Slovakia) IVAN M. KLEYMENOV Ph.D. professor (National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia) KRISTINA A.
    [Show full text]
  • Austro-Hungarian Policy Towards Serbia 1867-1871 with Special
    AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN POLICY TOWARDS SERBIA 1867-1871 WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BENJAMIN KÂLLAY A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by IAN D. ARMOUR School of Slavonic and East European Studies UNIVERSITY OF LONDON BIBL LONDON UNIV ProQuest Number: U056008 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U056008 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN POLICY TOWARDS SERBIA 1867-1871, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BENJAMIN KÂLLAY This study analyses the effect the Hungarian government had on Austro-Hungarian policy towards Serbia in the four years after the 1867 Ausgleich. Benjamin Kallay, at the request of the Hungarian minister president, Andrâssy, was appointed consul at Belgrade in 1868, and thereafter pursued specifically Hungarian objectives at variance with those of the chancellor and foreign minister, Beust. The Hungarian influence on the Monarchy’s relations with Serbia was ultimately responsible for a deterioration in those relations. After the Introduction, which outlines the subject, with reference to the existing literature and sources consulted, the first chapter concentrates on the situation in 1867.
    [Show full text]
  • Supreme Court of the United States ————
    No. 18-1447 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States ———— REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY, ET ANO., Petitioners, v. ROSALIE SIMON, ET AL., Respondents. ———— On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ———— JOINT APPENDIX ———— KONRAD L. CAILTEUX SARAH E. HARRINGTON GREGORY SILBERT Counsel of Record Counsel of Record GOLDSTEIN & RUSSELL, P.C. WEIL, GOTSHAL & 7475 Wisconsin Avenue MANGES LLP Suite 850 767 Fifth Avenue Bethesda, MD 20814 New York, NY 10153 (202) 362-0636 (212) 310-8000 [email protected] [email protected] Counsel for Respondents Counsel for Petitioners PETITION FOR CERTIORARI FILED MAY 16, 2019 CERTIORARI GRANTED JULY 2, 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit Relevant Docket Entries 1 United States District Court for the District of Columbia Relevant Docket Entries ................. 4 Declaration of László Nagy ................................. 13 Declaration of Meghan A. McCaffrey ................. 26 Treaty of Peace of the United States and Hungary dated at Paris February 10, 1947 .... 28 Agreement of the United States and Hungary dated at Washington March 6, 1973 ............... 82 Declaration of Yaffa (Sari/Sheindel) Propper Dascal ............................................................... 97 Declaration of Menachem (Tivadar) Beck .......... 103 Declaration of Tzvi (Hermann) Zelikovitch ........ 112 Letter from Christian Prosl, Ambassador of Austria to the United States ........................... 119 Second Amended Class Action Complaint .......... 122 Table 19.1: Data Related to the Ghettoization and Deportation of Hungarian Jewry by Operational Zones and Gendarmerie Districts ............................................................ 189 Appendix Six: Deportation Trains Passing Through Kassa in 1944: Dates, Origin of Transports, and Number of Deportees ............ 191 (i) ii TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page Declaration of Dr.
    [Show full text]