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Zn Anje Zma Guje Sodobni vojaški izzivi – 18/št. 2 Vsebina Liliana Brožič UVODNIK: MEDNARODNA VARNOSTNA SKUPNOST NA RAZPOTJU EDITORIAL: INTERNATIONAL SECURITY COMMUNITY AT THE CROSSROADS Viktor Potočnik ČETRTA GENERACIJA VOJSKOVANJA Prvi del: GEOPOLITIČNI OKVIR SLOVENSKE VARNOSTI FOURTH GENERATION WARFARE Part 1: GEOPOLITICAL FRAMEWORK TO SLOVENIAN SECURITY Staša Novak NATO IN KIBERNETSKO ODVRAČANJE NATO AND CYBER DETERRENCE József Padányi IZKUŠNJE MADŽARSKIH OBRAMBNIH SIL, PRIDOBLJENE PRI RAZMESTITVI László Földi INŽENIRSKIH OVIR MED VSEEVROPSKO MIGRANTSKO KRIZO LETA 2015 LESSONS LEARNED FOR THE HUNGARIAN DEFENCE FORCES FROM THE DEPLOYMENT OF ENGINEER OBSTACLES DURING THE 2015 EUROPE-WIDE MASS- MIGRATION EMERGENCY Metodi Hadji-Janev IZZIVI UPORABE DRONOV V DRŽAVAH JUGOVZHODNE EVROPE Marija Jankuloska THE CHALLENGES OF DRONE USAGE BY SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES József Kis-Benedek ISLAMSKA DRŽAVA IRAKA IN LEVANTA TER MEDNARODNI BOJ PROTI NJEJ ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND THE LEVANT AND THE INTERNATIONAL FIGHT AGAINST IT Aleš Avsec CIKEL USPOSABLJANJA NAMENSKIH SIL BATALJONSKE BOJNE SKUPINE BATTLE GROUP TRAINING CYCLE Junij 2016 – 18/št. 2 Sodobni vojaški izzivi Contemporary Military Challenges Znanstveno-strokovna publikacija Slovenske vojske ISSN 2463-9575 Junij 2016 – 18/št. 2 Znanje zmaguje http://www.slovenskavojska.si/publikacije/sodobni-vojaski-izzivi/ Sodobni vojaški izzivi http://www.slovenskavojska.si/en/publications/contemporary-military-challenges/ Sodobni vojaški izzivi – 18/št. 2 Vsebina Liliana Brožič UVODNIK: MEDNARODNA VARNOSTNA SKUPNOST NA RAZPOTJU EDITORIAL: INTERNATIONAL SECURITY COMMUNITY AT THE CROSSROADS Viktor Potočnik ČETRTA GENERACIJA VOJSKOVANJA Prvi del: GEOPOLITIČNI OKVIR SLOVENSKE VARNOSTI FOURTH GENERATION WARFARE Part 1: GEOPOLITICAL FRAMEWORK TO SLOVENIAN SECURITY Staša Novak NATO IN KIBERNETSKO ODVRAČANJE NATO AND CYBER DETERRENCE József Padányi IZKUŠNJE MADŽARSKIH OBRAMBNIH SIL, PRIDOBLJENE PRI RAZMESTITVI László Földi INŽENIRSKIH OVIR MED VSEEVROPSKO MIGRANTSKO KRIZO LETA 2015 LESSONS LEARNED FOR THE HUNGARIAN DEFENCE FORCES FROM THE DEPLOYMENT OF ENGINEER OBSTACLES DURING THE 2015 EUROPE-WIDE MASS- MIGRATION EMERGENCY Metodi Hadji-Janev IZZIVI UPORABE DRONOV V DRŽAVAH JUGOVZHODNE EVROPE Marija Jankuloska THE CHALLENGES OF DRONE USAGE BY SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES József Kis-Benedek ISLAMSKA DRŽAVA IRAKA IN LEVANTA TER MEDNARODNI BOJ PROTI NJEJ ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND THE LEVANT AND THE INTERNATIONAL FIGHT AGAINST IT Aleš Avsec CIKEL USPOSABLJANJA NAMENSKIH SIL BATALJONSKE BOJNE SKUPINE BATTLE GROUP TRAINING CYCLE Junij 2016 – 18/št. 2 Sodobni vojaški izzivi Contemporary Military Challenges Znanstveno-strokovna publikacija Slovenske vojske ISSN 2463-9575 Junij 2016 – 18/št. 2 Znanje zmaguje http://www.slovenskavojska.si/publikacije/sodobni-vojaski-izzivi/ Sodobni vojaški izzivi http://www.slovenskavojska.si/en/publications/contemporary-military-challenges/ Sodobni vojaški izzivi Contemporary Military Challenges Znanstveno-strokovna publikacija Slovenske vojske ISSN 2463-9575 UDK 355.5(479.4)(055) Junij 2016 – 18/št. 2 Izdajatelj Generalštab Slovenske vojske Publisher General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces Glavni urednik generalmajor Alan Geder (OF-7) Executive Editor Odgovorni urednik dr. Liliana Brožič Managing Editor Uredniški odbor višja vojaška uslužbenka XIII. razreda dr. Valerija Bernik (OF-4) Editorial Board višji vojaški uslužbenec XIV. razreda dr. Denis Čaleta (OF-5) polkovnik dr. Tomaž Kladnik (OF-5) dr. Igor Kotnik polkovnik dr. Vojko Obrulj (OF-5) dr. Maja Garb Sekretar višja praporščakinja Nataša Cankar (OR-9) Secretary Uredniški svet dr. Andrej Anžič, Evropska pravna fakulteta, Nova Gorica Editorial Council dr. Gorazd Bajc, Narodna in študijska knjižnica, Trst dr. Anton Bebler, Fakulteta za družbene vede, Ljubljana dr. Damir Črnčec, Fakulteta za državne in evropske študije, Brdo dr. Bastian Giegerich, International Institute for Strategic Studies, London dr. Olivera Injac, Univerzitet Donja Gorica, Podgorica dr. Sergei Konoplyev, Harward University, Cambridge generalmajor v pokoju Ladislav Lipič (OF-7, ret.) dr. Julie T. Manta, US Army War College, Carlise dr. Thomas Mockaitis, DePaul University, Chicago dr. Klaus Olshausen (OF-8, ret.), Clausewitz-Gesellschaft e.V., Hamburg generalpodpolkovnik dr. Iztok Podbregar (OF-8), Fakulteta za organizacijske vede, Kranj dr. Tibor Szvircsev Tresh, Militärakademie an der ETH, Zürich dr. Thomas Young, Center for Civil-Military Relations, Monterey Prevajanje Justi Carey, Vlasta Deželak Translation Iris Žnidarič Lektoriranje Služba za strateško komuniciranje Proofreading Oblikovanje Skupina Opus Design Design & Graphic Tisk Prima Print d.o.o. Print ISSN 2232-2825 (tiskana različica/print version) 2463-9575 (spletna različica/ on line version) Naklada 300 izvodov/copies Edition Revija je dostopna http://www.slovenskavojska.si/publikacije/ sodobni-vojaski-izzivi/ na spletni strani http://www.slovenskavojska.si/en/publications/contemporary-military-challenges/ Publication web page E-naslov urednice [email protected] Managing Editor e-mail address Prispevki, objavljeni v Sodobnih vojaških izzivih, niso uradno stališče Slovenske vojske niti organov, iz katerih so avtorji prispevkov. Publikacija je uvrščena v bibliografsko zbirko podatkov COBISS.SI in PAIS International. Articles, published in the Contemporary Military Challenges do not reflect the official viewpoint of the Slovenian Armed Forces nor the bodies in which the authors of articles are employed. The publication is indexed in bibliography databases COBISS.SI and PAIS International. MEDNARODNA VARNOSTNA SKUPNOST NA RAZPOTJU »Zoperstavljanje hibridnim grožnjam ni zgolj vojaški problem, zato tudi obravnava ne more biti omejena samo na vojaško stroko, temveč zahteva sodelovanje vseh, ki se ukvarjajo z varnostjo v najširšem smislu.« Vinko Vegič: Pojav in konceptualizacija hibridnega vojskovanja, 2016, str. 89 INTERNATIONAL SECURITY COMMUNITY ON CROSSROADS »Countering hybrid threats is not only a military problem. Therefore, their consideration cannot be limited solely to the military domain; it requires the engagement of all who deal with security in the broadest sense.« Vinko Vegič: Emergence and conceptualization of hybrid warfare, 2016, p. 89 VSEBINA CONTENTS 7 Liliana Brožič UVODNIK MEDNARODNA VARNOSTNA SKUPNOST NA RAZPOTJU 11 Liliana Brožič EDITORIAL INTERNATIONAL SECURITY COMMUNITY AT THE CROSSROADS 15 Viktor Potočnik ČETRTA GENERACIJA VOJSKOVANJA Prvi del: GEOPOLITIČNI OKVIR SLOVENSKE VARNOSTI FOURTH GENERATION WARFARE Part 1: GEOPOLITICAL FRAMEWORK TO SLOVENIAN SECURITY 29 Staša Novak NATO IN KIBERNETSKO ODVRAČANJE NATO AND CYBER DETERRENCE 51 József Padányi IZKUŠNJE MADŽARSKIH OBRAMBNIH SIL, PRIDOBLJENE PRI RAZMESTITVI László Földi INŽENIRSKIH OVIR MED VSEEVROPSKO MIGRANTSKO KRIZO LETA 2015 LESSONS LEARNED FOR THE HUNGARIAN DEFENCE FORCES FROM THE DEPLOYMENT OF ENGINEER OBSTACLES DURING THE 2015 EUROPE-WIDE MASS-MIGRATION EMERGENCY 5 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges 59 Metodi Hadji-Janev IZZIVI UPORABE DRONOV V DRŽAVAH JUGOVZHODNE EVROPE Marija Jankuloska THE CHALLENGES OF DRONE USAGE BY SOUTHEAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 73 József Kis-Benedek ISLAMSKA DRŽAVA IRAKA IN LEVANTA TER MEDNARODNI BOJ PROTI NJEJ ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND THE LEVANT AND THE INTERNATIONAL FIGHT AGAINST IT 89 Aleš Avsec CIKEL USPOSABLJANJA NAMENSKIH SIL BATALJONSKE BOJNE SKUPINE BATTLE GROUP TRAINING CYCLE 107 SLIKOVNO GRADIVO PHOTOS 115 AVTORJI AUTHORS 121 NAVODILA AVTORJEM ZA OBLIKOVANJE PRISPEVKOV 127 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE AUTHORS OF PAPERS 6 Sodobni vojaški izzivi/Contemporary Military Challenges Liliana Brožič UVODNIK MEDNARODNA VARNOSTNA SKUPNOST NA RAZPOTJU Mednarodna varnostna skupnost je na razpotju in nove prave smeri išče že nekaj časa. Ustaljene smernice delovanja so se spremenile, za nekatera področja pa se zdi, da jih preprosto ni več. Veliko dejavnikov je vplivalo na razmeroma visoko raven varnosti, ki smo jo zaznavali v zadnjih nekaj letih. Finančna kriza, ki je začela kazati svoje zobe v letih 2008 in 2009, je pomembno spremenila evropske oborožene sile, njihovo strukturo, organiziranost in razvoj. Mnogi so se tolažili, da to ne pomeni posebne težave, saj smo razmeroma varni. Raziskave javnega mnenja v Sloveniji so kazale zaznavanje ogroženosti predvsem zaradi naravnih nesreč in socialno-ekonomske ogroženosti. Postopoma, a vseeno razmeroma hitro, se je vse spremenilo. Spomladi leta 2014 je bil na Krimu referendum o njegovi priključitvi k Ruski federaciji. Začelo se je rožljanje z orožjem, ki je doživelo različne odzive v mednarodni skupnosti in vplivalo na spremenjene odnose med Natom in Rusijo. Te spremembe so bile tudi predmet razprave na vrhu Nata julija letos v Varšavi. Že leta 2012 so začeli mediji vse pogosteje poročati o povečani migracijski problematiki v Sredozemskem morju in o težavah, ki jih je imela s tem pojavom Italija. Do konca lanskega leta so migracije z jugovzhoda dosegle neslutene razsežnosti in temeljito pretresle temelje Evropske unije. Nekateri teroristični napadi v evropskih mestih, ki naj bi jih organizirali in izvedli migranti, so pomembno vplivali na spremenjeno razumevanje nove (ne)varnosti. Nekateri so se novega razumevanja varnosti lotili znanstveno. Tako je npr. Obramboslovni raziskovani center na Fakulteti za družbene vede objavil rezultate raziskave o stališčih slovenskega javnega mnenja do varnosti, ki so jih ugotavljali leta 2015/2016. Med drugim navajajo, da je nedavna migrantska kriza vplivala na slovensko javnost, ki množične migracije, ilegalne
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