Accounting Contributions to World War II

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Accounting Contributions to World War II University of Mississippi eGrove Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2010 The Accounting Profession Goes to War: Accounting Contributions to World War II Mark Ernest Jobe Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd Part of the Accounting Commons Recommended Citation Jobe, Mark Ernest, "The Accounting Profession Goes to War: Accounting Contributions to World War II" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 151. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/151 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Mark Jobe entitled “The Accounting Profession Goes to War: Accounting Contributions to World War II.” I have examined the final copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Accountancy. ______________________________ Dr. Dale L. Flesher (Chair) Associate Dean and Professor of Accountancy E. H. Patterson School of Accountancy We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: _____________________________________ Dr. Royce Kurtz Reference Bibliographer and Associate Professor J. D. Williams Library _____________________________________ Dr. Judith Cassidy Associate Professor of Accountancy E. H. Patterson School of Accountancy _____________________________________ Dr. J. Riley Shaw Associate Professor of Accountancy E. H. Patterson School of Accountancy Accepted for the Council: ____________________________ Dean of the Graduate School The Accounting Profession Goes to War: Accounting Contributions to World War II A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the School of Accountancy The University of Mississippi Mark Ernest Jobe December 3, 2010 Copyright © 2010 by Mark Jobe All rights reserved ii ABSTRACT The World War II era ushered in a period of dynamic upheaval in American society. To safely navigate the stormy seas of commerce and governance, men of integrity, ability, and leadership were essential. Time and again, the nation turned to accountants to chart the proper course. And the accounting profession responded to the war and all its concomitant demands in a most splendid fashion. While the accounting profession was actively engaged in promoting the war effort, the war was exerting its own influences by shaping the duties, demands, and prestige of the accounting profession. The profession responded to the war by yielding its young men to the armed services, while older, seasoned accountants served in a host of critical capacities within the War Department, war industries, and governmental agencies. Whether in uniformed service or in civilian advisory capacities accountants advanced the nation’s war aims, and augmented the rising tide of the profession’s prestige. In addition to the efforts of individual accountants, the accounting societies through their leadership, committees, and publications went to great lengths to facilitate the smooth running of the nations’ war-time economy. The leaders, through both word and deed, allayed fears, provided direction and inspiration, and constantly prodded accountants to greater service. Societal committees provided timely information and advice to governmental agencies, to congressional committees, and to accountants plagued by a host of new accounting complexities brought on by the war. Finally, through their publications, the accounting societies informed, guided, and honored accountants in their service to the nation. iii The war led to many changes in the accounting profession. Those in public practice were forced to reevaluate long-held notions of who could be an accountant, and of how auditing work should be preformed. Through the G.I. Bill, the accounting profession received a flood of new talent in the postwar years. The war also enlarged avenues of opportunity for the profession in tax, consulting, auditing, and governmental fields in which accountants demonstrated their talent, dexterity, and wisdom in support of their nation. Their success in these areas significantly expanded the accounting profession’s influence and prestige in America. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi LIST OF APPENDICES xii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose of the Study 7 Need for Historical Research 8 Contributions 11 Methodology 14 Scope and Limitations 18 Organization of the Dissertation 19 II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 21 State of the Accounting Profession 22 National Organization 22 Initial CPA Legislation 24 State Organizations 26 Education 28 Rival Organizations 31 Reorganization 34 A House Divided 35 Reunification 36 Other Organizations 40 v The Great War (World War I) 41 AIA and the War to End All Wars 44 Members 45 Meetings 47 Committees 50 Publications 53 Rising International Tension 55 America’s Build-up to War 58 Neutrality Acts 59 War Years & Escalation of Effort 62 III. SERVICES BY ACCOUNTANTS IN UNIFORM 68 Accountants at Headquarters 72 Major General Arthur Hazelton Carter 72 Rear Admiral Norman Loyall McLaren 89 Accountants in Harm’s Way 107 Ensign Walter S. Savage 107 Lieutenant Colonel Howard Hinman 107 Captain Charles Beasley 110 Colonel Andrew Barr 114 Lieutenant Myron Moore, Jr. 126 Staff Sergeant Winson Jones 131 Quarter Master 1 st Class Robert F. Painter 140 Commander Charles F. Printz 144 vi Private 1 st Class Robert L. Lipson 149 Captain Arthur Greenspan 155 Conclusion 162 Table 1: Summary of Uniformed Service 163 IV. SERVICES BY ADVISORS ON THE HOME-FRONT 164 Committee on National Defense 164 George Percival Auld 164 C. Oliver Wellington 170 Office of Production Management 173 War Production Board 174 Office of Price Administration 176 Herbert F. Taggart 179 Maurice E. Peloubet 182 Hall of Fame 187 Carman G. Blough 187 Eric L. Kohler 190 Paul Franklin Grady 192 Other Leading Accountants 199 Saul Levy 199 Ernest Seatree 200 James Hall 201 Conclusion 202 Table 2: Summary of Advisory Service 203 vii V. SERVICES TO DEFENSE CONTRACTORS 203 Aviation 206 Magnesium 208 Renegotiation 214 One War Won 218 VI. THE SOCIETIES AT WAR 221 Professional Unity 221 Leadership 224 Committees 241 AIA Committees 243 NYSSCPA Committees 251 Publications 262 The Journal of Accountancy 264 The New York Certified Public Accountant 285 The NACA Year Book 298 The Woman C.P.A. 306 The Texas Accountant 308 Advertising for War 315 Authors 323 VII. THE PROFESSION RESPONDS TO WAR-TIME TAXATION 332 Introduction 332 War-Time Tax Legislation 333 The Revenue Act of 1941 334 viii The Revenue Act of 1942 335 The Revenue and the Current Tax Payment Acts of 1943 336 The Individual Income Tax Act of 1944 338 A Sea of Complexity 339 The Profession Responds 343 Filing Extensions 343 Legislative Recommendations 345 Education 348 Tax Simplification 350 Jerry Lane 356 Conclusions 360 VIII. THE IMPACT OF WWII ON POSTWAR ACCOUNTANCY 362 Introduction 362 Staff Shortages 363 Dire Straits 368 Replacement Personnel 370 Redistribution Efforts 378 Natural Business Year 378 Interim Audit Work 385 Extensions 388 Management Consulting 392 Governmental Demand 395 T. Coleman Andrews 397 ix Educational Front 402 G.I. Bill 403 Continuing Education 405 Prestige and Influence 408 IX. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 411 Introduction-The End of War 411 Summary of Service 412 Postwar Impact 417 Purpose of the Study 420 Conclusions 423 Future Research 425 BIBLIOGRAPHY 427 BIOGRAPHY 509 x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AAA American Accounting Association AAF Army Air Forces AAPA American Association of Public Accountants AGF Army Ground Forces AIA American Institute of Accountants ASF Army Service Forces ASCPA American Society of Certified Public Accountants ASWA American Society of Women Accountants AWSCPA American Woman’s Society of Certified Public Accountants CAP Committee on Accounting Procedure CPA Certified Public Accountant NACA National Association of Cost Accountants NACPA National Association of Certified Public Accountants NYSSCPA New York State Society of CPAs OCS Officer Candidate School OPA Office of Price Administration OPM Office of Production Management SEC Securities and Exchange Commission TSCPA Texas Society of Certified Public Accountants WPB War Production Board xi LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A MEMBERS OF THE ACCOUNTING HALL OF FAME 458 APPENDIX B Sample Freedom of Information Act Request 462 APPENDIX C AIA Special Committee on National Defense 463 APPENDIX D Members of the AIA engaged in Defense Activities 464 APPENDIX E THE CHANGING OF THE GUARD 494 APPENDIX F Honor Roll of TSCPA Members on Active Duty (May 1942 - January 1943) 495 APPENDIX G Members of the TSCPA in Military Service 497 APPENDIX H NYSSCPA: Members in Government Service 500 APPENDIX I Accountants in Uniform: A Compilation of Service from the State Societies 502 APPENDIX J Interview Questions 506 xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION America has suffered through a depression, audit failures, and an unprovoked attack, which propelled the country into war. The auditing profession has been weighed in the balance and found lacking. New rules for audit practice are now in place. The United States is committed to a war with no clear ending in sight. Its soldiers are in distant lands fighting against fanatical opposition. Although the preceding
Recommended publications
  • Coastal Warfare in World War II
    Coastal Warfare in World War II Christopher P. Carlson Cold Wars 2003 Admiralty Trilogy Seminar Introduction Coastal Warfare in WWII ♦ What is Coastal Warfare? ♦ Lioral/Coastal Environment ♦ Background ♦ Mighty Midgets - “Small Craft” ♦ Roles and Missions ♦ Tactics Overview ♦ National Development ♦ Post-WWII ♦ Coastal Warfare and CaS ♦ Some Good Books What is Coastal Warfare? Coastal Warfare in WWII ♦ “Lioral” or Coastal waters ♦ Shallow water, often sheltered waters • Sometimes too shallow for larger naval vessels ♦ Not seagoing ships • Can’t operate in Sea State 4-5, even then it’s unpleasant ♦ More than just PTs and other high-speed craft • Motor launches for minesweeping, ASW, rescue (e.g. British MLs) • Small minesweepers (e.g. German R-boats) • Barges for transporting cargo (e.g. Japanese Daihatsus) • Landing craft ♦ Common factor is small size • Limited endurance • Light armament • Low damage capacity !! Littoral/Coastal Environment Coastal Warfare in WWII ♦ Difficult environment due to the close proximity of land ♦ Detection Issue - Heavy clu1er ♦ Classification Issue - Many false contacts ♦ Reduced operation space - Restricted maneuverability ♦ All combine to reduce a ship’s reaction time Coastal waters Background Coastal Warfare in WWII ♦ WWI - These are distinct from the “Torpedo Boat” • Seagoing vessel intended for fleet action ♦ Who built coastal combatants? • Britain: Built a dozen Coastal Motor Boats (CMBs) ■ 40 ft long, single rearward launched torpedo & a few MGs ■ Several dozen motor launches, 76ft long, 3 pdr, general-purpose
    [Show full text]
  • BULKELEY, JOHN D.: Papers, 1928-84
    DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY ABILENE, KANSAS BULKELEY, JOHN D.: Papers, 1928-84 Accessions 70-76 & 86-21 Processed by: BSR, TB Date Completed: April 2001 Admiral Bulkeley deposited his papers in the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library in March 1970. A small accretion was received in April 1986. Linear feet: -1 Approximate number of pages: 1200 Approximate number of items: 420 Admiral Bulkeley signed an instrument of gift for his papers on April 3, 1970. Literary rights in the writings of Admiral Bulkeley in this collection and in all other collections of papers donated to the Eisenhower Library were retained by Admiral Bulkeley. Upon his death in April 1996 such rights passed to the public. Under terms of the instrument of gift, the following classes of items are withheld from research use: 1. Papers relating to the family and private business affairs. 2. Papers relating to the family and private business affairs of others persons who have had correspondence with Admiral Bulkeley. 3. Papers relating to investigations of individuals or to appointments and personnel matters. 4. Papers containing statements made by or to the donor in confidence unless in the judgment of the Director of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library the reason for the confidentiality no longer exists. 5. All other papers which contain information or statements that might be used to injure, harass, or damage any living person. SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE John Bulkeley, a career naval officer, graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1933 and was serving in the Pacific at the start of World War II.
    [Show full text]
  • {PDF EPUB} Kaleidoscope by Harry Turtledove Kaleidoscope — Harry Turtledove
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Kaleidoscope by Harry Turtledove Kaleidoscope — Harry Turtledove. THE WEATHER'S FINE In our world, time is money, but in Harry Turtledove's alternate world, weather is time. And for Tom and Donna, happiness requires a temperature of 1968. THE LAST ARTICLE The Nazis had conquered the British Empire. But what use were Panzers and storm troopers against the Empire's most troublesome subject -- Mahatma Gandhi? THE CASTLE OF THE SPARROWHAWK Prince Rupen accepted the faeries' challenge to win his heart's desire. And though they told him the price of failure, they did not mention the penalty for success! GENTLEMEN OF THE SHADE If Jack the Ripper was a vampire, who better to stop him than Victorian London's other vampires? And who else but they could arrive at so sublimely fitting a punishment? Kaleidoscope. The world’s #1 eTextbook reader for students. VitalSource is the leading provider of online textbooks and course materials. More than 15 million users have used our Bookshelf platform over the past year to improve their learning experience and outcomes. With anytime, anywhere access and built-in tools like highlighters, flashcards, and study groups, it’s easy to see why so many students are going digital with Bookshelf. titles available from more than 1,000 publishers. customer reviews with an average rating of 9.5. digital pages viewed over the past 12 months. institutions using Bookshelf across 241 countries. Kaleidoscope by Harry Turtledove and Publisher Gateway (UK). Save up to 80% by choosing the eTextbook option for ISBN: 9780575121447, 0575121440. Kaleidoscope by Harry Turtledove and Publisher Gateway (UK).
    [Show full text]
  • The Force Improvement Program Promises Grassroots Fixes For
    Nuclear Force Improvements The Force Improvement Program promises grassroots fi xes for USAF’s nuclear forces. By Amy McCullough, News Editor issileers are cautiously op- The teams visited all three missile voice to airmen who likely didn’t have timistic the latest plan to wings at Malmstrom, F. E. Warren AFB, one before. It’s meant to turn the ICBM reinvigorate the nuclear force Wyo., and Minot AFB, N.D., where culture of severe micromanagement will have lasting effects—but they conducted hundreds of interviews and fear into one of empowerment for after being dubbed the “prob- to determine what challenges exist for all airmen. Mlem child of the Air Force” by numerous airmen in their respective mission areas. “This is a program owned by air- reviews and panels over the years, many The group came up with more than 300 men,” said Wilson. “We have really say they are waiting to see what the future recommendations, which were pitched good people. If we give them the right will really hold. to senior Air Force leaders. Of those, 98 education, training, and experience, if The Air Force launched the Force percent were approved. The recommen- we make sure they are confi dent and Improvement Program in February dations fall into three main categories: proud, [and] if we make sure they are 2014 after an internal investigation inspections, leadership development, personally and professionally fulfi lled, uncovered widespread cheating on a and the personnel reliability program. we [get] mission success.” nuclear proficiency exam at Malm- The changes have been steadily rolling strom AFB, Mont.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Air Force and Its Antecedents Published and Printed Unit Histories
    UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS PUBLISHED AND PRINTED UNIT HISTORIES A BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPANDED & REVISED EDITION compiled by James T. Controvich January 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS User's Guide................................................................................................................................1 I. Named Commands .......................................................................................................................4 II. Numbered Air Forces ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Numbered Commands .............................................................................................................. 41 IV. Air Divisions ............................................................................................................................. 45 V. Wings ........................................................................................................................................ 49 VI. Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69 VII. Squadrons..............................................................................................................................122 VIII. Aviation Engineers................................................................................................................ 179 IX. Womens Army Corps............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Hidden WWII History: How New Media Reporting by CNN.COM Changed a Legacy
    University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) 2010 A Hidden WWII History: How New Media Reporting by CNN.COM Changed a Legacy Elizabeth Claire Vowell Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Recommended Citation Vowell, Elizabeth Claire, "A Hidden WWII History: How New Media Reporting by CNN.COM Changed a Legacy" (2010). Honors Theses. 2144. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/2144 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A HIDDEN WWII HISTORY: HOW NEW MEDIA REPORTING BY CNN.COM CHANGED A LEGACY by Elizabeth Claire Vowell A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2010 ^ Approved by £ Advisor: Dr. Kathlee am eadei^DrXNancy Dupont eader: Prof. Joe Atkins ©2010 Elizabeth Claire Vowell ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11 For Doc and the Coffee Group who first gave me an appreciation of the Greatest Generation, and for Anthony Acevedo, Morton Brooks, and the Berga soldiers, who made the ultimate sacrifice 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Gracious thanks for guidance and help through this project to my advisor. Dr. Kathleen Wickham, my guide Bill Rose, and my hero Tom Brokaw. Ill ABSTRACT ELIZABETH CLAIRE VOWELL: A Hidden WWII History and How New Media Reporting by CNN.com Changed a Legacy (Under the direction of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 5 Number 092 PT Boats
    Volume 5 Number 092 PT Boats - Mighty Mites of WW II - II Lead: During World War II, pound for pound the PT Boat was the most heavily armed ship in the U.S. Navy. Intro.: A Moment in Time with Dan Roberts. Content: Patrol Torpedo boats, or as they were known, PT boats were often the first line of offense for the Allies in the dark early days of World War II in the southwest Pacific. They were powerful, swift and sleek, packing a punch out of all proportion to their size. A PT squadron extracted General Douglas MacArthur from beleaguered Corregidor Island in the spring of 1942, and before larger ships were present in sufficient numbers they harried Japanese shipping and naval units. Like search and destroy missions in Vietnam, each night, squadrons of PT boats would head out to sea and audaciously attack anything that moved. Life on the PT Boats was pretty spartan. Enlisted crew slept in tiny racks up front in the fo’c’s’le. The diet was monotony itself - canned everything occasionally punctuated by the always blessed arrival of ice cream. The boats were typically stationed forward of the main base areas on the bright edge of contact with the enemy. By the time movies, canteens and laundry facilities showed up the PTs were long gone. Theirs was dangerous work often calling for close combat with well- armed opponents. By 1943, their navy had been so decimated that the Japanese were forced to supply island troops with barges that ran down the coastline at night.
    [Show full text]
  • Song of the Beauforts
    Song of the Beauforts Song of the Beauforts No 100 SQUADRON RAAF AND BEAUFORT BOMBER OPERATIONS SECOND EDITION Colin M. King Air Power Development Centre © Commonwealth of Australia 2008 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. Approval has been received from the owners where appropriate for their material to be reproduced in this work. Copyright for all photographs and illustrations is held by the individuals or organisations as identified in the List of Illustrations. Disclaimer The views expressed in this work are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defence, the Royal Australian Air Force or the Government of Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia will not be legally responsible in contract, tort or otherwise, for any statements made in this document. Release This document is approved for public release, distribution unlimited. Portions of this document may be quoted or reproduced without permission, provided a standard source credit is included. First published 2004 Second edition 2008 Published by the Air Power Development Centre National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: King, Colin M. Title: Song of the Beauforts : No 100 Squadron RAAF and the Beaufort bomber operations / author, Colin M. King. Edition: 2nd ed. Publisher: Tuggeranong, A.C.T. : Air Power Development Centre, 2007. ISBN: 9781920800246 (pbk.) Notes: Includes index. Subjects: Beaufort (Bomber)--History. Bombers--Australia--History World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations, Australian--History.
    [Show full text]
  • PT-305 Fact Sheet
    PT-305 Fact Sheet Higgins “78” Specifications: • Length 78 feet • Beam 20 feet 1 inch • Draft 5 feet 3 inches • Weight 43-56 tons, depending on weapons • Engines 3 Packard V-12s • Speed 40 knots • Crew 2 officers, 11 men • Higgins designed boat (Mr. Sprauge) • More maneuverable than ELCO • Engines located mid-ship Weapons and Other Equipment: • .50-caliber twin machine guns, effective as an anti-aircraft and anti-personnel weapon • Oerlikon 20mm guns for use against both air- and surface craft • 4 Mark 13 torpedoes, mounted in roll-off launching racks, each weighing over a ton including a 600- pound warhead • Mark 6 anti-submarine depth charge • small 60mm mortar able to launch illuminating rounds, lay smoke screens, and bombard shore targets • stern-mounted canister of compressed gas for smoke screens • radar, especially useful at night (In the Med, radar-equipped American PT boats would often be paired up with British MTBs (motor torpedo boats), which had no radar, to hunt for German flak lighters at night. PT-305 restoration stats: • Volunteers: 202 all-time; 67 currently • Volunteer man-hours: 105,000 • Volunteer labor value: about $2 million • Monetary donations: about $400,000 • Donations from more than 100 companies • In-kind donations: nearly $3 million worth of supplies, materials, and parts including: • Approximately 300 gallons of paint • 120 gallons of Dolphinte bedding compound • 480 yard of #10 Cotton Duck • 10,000 board foot of mahogany • 3,000 board foot of cypress • 75 sheets marine plywood • 39,000 copper rivets • 3 miles of caulked seam (double that for masking tape) • 36,000 silicon bronze screws • 12,459 feet of cabling and wiring PT Boat Losses During the war: 69 of the 531 PT boats lost in service (source: PT Boats, Inc.) • Accident, friendly fire, sea conditions: 22 • Destroyed to prevent capture: 21 • Aircraft: 5 • Ship: 5 • Shore Battery: 5 • Mine: 4 • Rammed: 2 • Kamikaze: 2 • Other: 3 Postwar: • Burned off a beach at Samar, Philippines: 118 • Many were given to allies, including China, South Korea, and the Soviet Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Brief Installations and Usaaf Combat Units In
    HISTORICAL BRIEF INSTALLATIONS AND USAAF COMBAT UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 1942 - 1945 REVISED AND EXPANDED EDITION OFFICE OF HISTORY HEADQUARTERS THIRD AIR FORCE UNITED STATES AIR FORCES IN EUROPE OCTOBER 1980 REPRINTED: FEBRUARY 1985 FORE~ORD to the 1967 Edition Between June 1942 ~nd Oecemhcr 1945, 165 installations in the United Kingdom were used by combat units of the United States Army Air I"orce~. ;\ tota) of three numbered .,lr forl'es, ninc comllklnds, frJur ;jfr divi'iions, )} w1.l\~H, Illi j(r,IUpl', <lnd 449 squadron!'! were at onE' time or another stationed in ',r'!;rt r.rftaIn. Mnny of tlal~ airrll'lds hnvc been returned to fann land, others havl' houses st.lnding wh~rr:: t'lying Fortr~ss~s and 1.lbcratorR nllce were prepared for their mis.'ilons over the Continent, Only;l few rcm:l.1n ;IS <Jpcr.Jt 11)11., 1 ;'\frfll'ldH. This study has been initl;ltcd by the Third Air Force Historical Division to meet a continuin~ need for accurate information on the location of these bases and the units which they served. During the pas t several years, requests for such information from authors, news media (press and TV), and private individuals has increased. A second study coverin~ t~e bases and units in the United Kingdom from 1948 to the present is programmed. Sources for this compilation included the records on file in the Third Air Force historical archives: Maurer, Maurer, Combat Units of World War II, United States Government Printing Office, 1960 (which also has a brief history of each unit listed); and a British map, "Security Released Airfields 1n the United Kingdom, December 1944" showing the locations of Royal Air Force airfields as of December 1944.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Commands of the Air Force Mission and Directly Subordinate to Hq
    USAFAlmanac A major command is a subdivision of the Air Force assigned a major part ■ Major Commands of the Air Force mission and directly subordinate to Hq. USAF. In general, there are two types of major commands: operational and support. Air Combat Command Headquarters Langley AFB, Va. Established June 1, 1992 Commander Gen. Richard E. Hawley ACCMissions Resolve (USACOM), New Horizons PErsonnEl operate USAF bombers (active (USSOCOM) (as of Sept. 30, 1998) and ANG and AFRC gained); USAF’s Active duty 91,002 CONUS–based (active and gained) Major CONUS JCS exercises fighter and attack, reconnaissance, Cooperative Zenith, JTFEX, Roving Officers 12,254 rescue, battle management, and Sands, Fuertas Defense (USACOM); Enlisted 78,748 command-and-control aircraft Global Guardian (USSTRATCOM); Reserve components 61,501 organize, train, equip, and Baltops, TFW (USEUCOM) ANG 52,300 maintain combat-ready forces for Major training exercises AFRC 9,201 rapid deployment and employment Air Warrior, Green Flag, Red Flag Civilian 11,312 to meet the challenges of peacetime (Nellis AFB, Nev.); Air Warrior II Total 163,815 air sovereignty, wartime defense, (Barksdale AFB, La.); Blue Flag operations other than war, and major (Hurlburt Field, Fla.); Maple Flag theater wars (CFB Cold Lake, Canada) Provide air combat forces to Amer- ica’s warfighting commands; nuclear- capable forces for USSTRATCOM; air defense forces to NORAD supply aircraft and support forces to the five geographic unified com- mands: Atlantic, European, Pacific, Southern, and Central Commands Corollary Missions Monitor and intercept illegal drug traffic Test new combat equipment USAF photo by SrA. Greg L. Davis Force StructurE Four numbered air forces: 1st (ANG), Tyndall AFB, Fla.; 8th, Barksdale AFB, La.; 9th, Shaw AFB, S.C.; 12th, Davis–Monthan AFB, Ariz.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOGRAPHICAL DATA BOO KK Class 2020-2 27
    BBIIOOGGRRAAPPHHIICCAALL DDAATTAA BBOOOOKK Class 2020-2 27 Jan - 28 Feb 2020 National Defense University NDU PRESIDENT Vice Admiral Fritz Roegge, USN 16th President Vice Admiral Fritz Roegge is an honors graduate of the University of Minnesota with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering and was commissioned through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps program. He earned a Master of Science in Engineering Management from the Catholic University of America and a Master of Arts with highest distinction in National Security and Strategic Studies from the Naval War College. He was a fellow of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Seminar XXI program. VADM Fritz Roegge, NDU President (Photo His sea tours include USS Whale (SSN 638), USS by NDU AV) Florida (SSBN 728) (Blue), USS Key West (SSN 722) and command of USS Connecticut (SSN 22). His major command tour was as commodore of Submarine Squadron 22 with additional duty as commanding officer, Naval Support Activity La Maddalena, Italy. Ashore, he has served on the staffs of both the Atlantic and the Pacific Submarine Force commanders, on the staff of the director of Naval Nuclear Propulsion, on the Navy staff in the Assessments Division (N81) and the Military Personnel Plans and Policy Division (N13), in the Secretary of the Navy's Office of Legislative Affairs at the U. S, House of Representatives, as the head of the Submarine and Nuclear Power Distribution Division (PERS 42) at the Navy Personnel Command, and as an assistant deputy director on the Joint Staff in both the Strategy and Policy (J5) and the Regional Operations (J33) Directorates.
    [Show full text]