The Holy See

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Holy See The Holy See APOSTOLIC JOURNEY OF HIS HOLINESS POPE FRANCIS TO KENYA, UGANDA AND THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (25-30 NOVEMBER 2015) Live video transmission by CTV (Vatican Television Center) - Missal for the Apostolic Journey - Video Message of the Holy Father at the vigil of the Apostolic Journey to Kenya and Uganda Video Message of the Holy Father at the vigil of the Apostolic Journey to the Central African Republic - Photo gallery 2 - Multimedia Wednesday, 25 November 2015 Departure from Rome's Fiumicino airport for Nairobi, Kenya 07:45 Greeting to journalists during the flight Rome-Nairobi [French, Italian] 17:00 Arrival at “Jomo Kenyatta” International Airport of Nairobi Welcoming ceremony at the State House Courtesy visit to the President of the Republic at the State House in Nairobi 18:00 Signing of the Golden Book [Arabic, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Meeting with Authorities of Kenya and the Diplomatic Corps 18:30 [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Thursday, 26 November 2015 Ecumenical and Interreligious meeting in the Hall of the Apostolic Nunciature in 08:15 Nairobi [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Holy Mass at the Campus of the University of Nairobi 10:00 [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Meeting with Clergy, Men and Women Religious and Seminarians in the sports field 15:45 of St Mary’s School [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Visit to the U.N.O.N. (United Nations Office at Nairobi) 17:30 [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Friday, 27 November 2015 Visit to Kangemi slum in Nairobi 08:30 [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Meeting with youth at Kasarani Stadium 10:00 [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] 11:15 Meeting with the Bishops of Kenya in the VIP lounge room of the Stadium 15:10 Farewell ceremony at “Jomo Kenyatta” International Airport in Nairobi 15:30 Departure by plane from Nairobi for Entebbe 16:50 Arrival at the International Airport of Entebbe in Uganda Welcoming ceremony 17:30 Courtesy visit to the President at the State House in Entebbe Meeting with Authorities and the Diplomatic Corps in the Conference Hall of the State 18:00 House [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Visit to Munyonyo and greeting to Catechists and Teachers 19:15 [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Saturday, 28 November 2015 08:30 Visit to the Anglican Shrine of the Martyrs of Namugongo 3 09:00 Visit to the Catholic Shrine of the Martyrs of Namugongo Holy Mass for the Martyrs of Uganda in the area of the Catholic Shrine 09:30 [Arabic, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Meeting with the young people at Kololo Air Strip in Kampala 15:15 [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Visit to the House of Charity of Nalukolongo 17:00 [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] 18:00 Meeting with the Bishops of Uganda at the Archbishop's House Meeting with Priests, Men and Women Religious and Seminarians at St Mary’s 19:00 Cathedral [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Sunday, 29 November 2015 09:00 Farewell ceremony at the Airport of Entebbe 09:15 Departure by plane from Entebbe for Bangui in the Central African Republic 10:00 Arrival at “M’Poko” International Airport of Bangui Welcoming ceremony Courtesy Visit to the President of the State of Transition at Renaissance Presidential 11:00 Palace Meeting with Authorities and the Diplomatic Corps 11:30 [English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish] Visit to a Refugee Camp 12:15 [English, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish] 13:00 Meeting with the Bishops of the Central African Republic 13:30 Luncheon with the Bishops and Papal Entourage Meeting with the Evangelical Communities gathered in the FATEB Headquarter 16:00 (Faculty of Evangelical Theology of Bangui) [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Holy Mass with Priests, Men and Women Religious, Catechists and young people 17:00 gathered in the Cathedral of Bangui [Arabic, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Administration of the Sacrament of Reconciliation to some young people and Prayer 19:00 Vigil at Cathedral Square [English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] Monday, 30 November 2015 Meeting with the Muslim Community in the central Mosque of Koudoukou in Bangui 08:15 [English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish] Holy Mass celebrated at Barthélémy Boganda Stadium 09:30 [Arabic, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish] 12:15 Farewell ceremony at “M’Poko” International Airport of Bangui Departure by plane for Rome 12:30 In-Flight Press Conference from the Central African Republic to Rome [German, English, French, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish] 18:45 Arrival at Rome/Ciampino Airport 4 Time lag: Rome: +1h UTC Nairobi: +3h UTC Entebbe: +3h UTC Bangui: +1h UTC ©Copyright - Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
Recommended publications
  • 11 September 2013 ENTITLEMENTS in RESPE
    Cour Penale Intern ationa Ie Le Greffe International The Registry Criminal - Court - - Information Circular - Circulaire d'information Ref. ICC/INF/2013/007 Date: 11 September 2013 ENTITLEMENTS IN RESPECT OF SERVICE IN FIELD DUTY STATIONS 1. The Registrar, pursuant to section 4.2 of Presidential Directive ICC/PRESD/G/2003/001, hereby promulgates this Information Circular for the purpose of informing staff assigned to field duty stations and implementing Administrative Instruction rCC/Al/2010/001 on Conditions of Service for Internationally-Recruited Staff in Field Duty Stations; Administrative Instruction ICC/ AI/2011/006 on Mobility and Hardship Scheme; and Administrative Instruction rCC/AI/2011/007 on Special Entitlements for Staff Members Serving at Designated Duty Stations. 2. A number of decisions have been made by the International Civil Service Commission (ICSC) and the UN common system Human Resources Network Standing Committee on Field Duty Stations (Field Group). Pursuant to Staff Regulation 3.1, salaries and allowances of the Court shall be fixed in conformity with the United Nations common system standards. Accordingly, the decisions will be implemented as indicated below: a) Effective 3 May 2013, Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire, has been declared a family duty station; b) Effective 1 July 2013, Bangui, Central African Republic, has been declared a non- family duty station; c) Effective 1 January 2013, the hardship category of Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire, and Kampala, Uganda, changed from C to B; d) Effective 1 July 2013, Rest and Recuperation (R&R) cycles in respect of: i. Bangui, Central African Republic, has been shortened to 6 weeks; ii.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangui, Central African Republic
    CITIES IN CRISIS CONSULTATIONS - Bangui, Central African Republic MARCH 2016 INTRODUCTION Overview of Urban Consultations Bangui has been affected by violence and displacement over the past 4 years and currently hosts over 50,000 internally displaced people. By 2050 over 70% of the global population will live in urban areas. This accelerating urbanization trend is accompanied by an increasing vulnerability of cities to The crisis has put significant strain on municipal services, which have lacked the required resources and capacity to meet the evolving needs both natural and man-made disasters. More and more, humanitarian actors are of Bangui’s increasingly vulnerable population. As a consequence, the provision of basic services has become heavily reliant on international responding to urban crisis. They are however often badly equipped to understand humanitarian stakeholders. Due to a multiplicity of factors, linkages between humanitarian stakeholders and municipal actors have remained and effectively engage with cities’ complex socio-economic dynamics and weak, contributing to sub-optimal coordination and affecting the efficiency of humanitarian planning and targeting. With the recent elections governance structures. Recognizing these challenges, the World Humanitarian and a renewed hope for stability in the CAR, strengthening this linkage must become a priority in order to support the recovery effort and the Summit has mandated an Urban Expert Group to identify key recommendations for promoting better humanitarian response to urban crisis. re-establishment of municipal services. With a view of contributing to this discussion, IMPACT Initiatives and UCLG’s KEY FINDINGS Task Force On Local and Regional Government Disaster Response facilitated a series of consultations in six cities affected by natural or man-made disasters.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa's Role in Nation-Building: an Examination of African-Led Peace
    AFRICA’S ROLE IN NATION-BUILDING An Examination of African-Led Peace Operations James Dobbins, James Pumzile Machakaire, Andrew Radin, Stephanie Pezard, Jonathan S. Blake, Laura Bosco, Nathan Chandler, Wandile Langa, Charles Nyuykonge, Kitenge Fabrice Tunda C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2978 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0264-6 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: U.S. Air Force photo/ Staff Sgt. Ryan Crane; Feisal Omar/REUTERS. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Since the turn of the century, the African Union (AU) and subregional organizations in Africa have taken on increasing responsibilities for peace operations throughout that continent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Central African Republic Diamond Database—A Geodatabase of Archival Diamond Occurrences and Areas of Recent Artisanal and Small-Scale Diamond Mining
    Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development under the auspices of the U.S. Department of State The Central African Republic Diamond Database—A Geodatabase of Archival Diamond Occurrences and Areas of Recent Artisanal and Small-Scale Diamond Mining Open-File Report 2018–1088 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. The main road west of Bambari toward Bria and the Mouka-Ouadda plateau, Central African Republic, 2006. Photograph by Peter Chirico, U.S. Geological Survey. The Central African Republic Diamond Database—A Geodatabase of Archival Diamond Occurrences and Areas of Recent Artisanal and Small-Scale Diamond Mining By Jessica D. DeWitt, Peter G. Chirico, Sarah E. Bergstresser, and Inga E. Clark Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development under the auspices of the U.S. Department of State Open-File Report 2018–1088 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior RYAN K. ZINKE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2018 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • Logistics Cost Study of Transport Corridors in Central and West Africa
    Logistics Cost Study of Transport Corridors in Central and West Africa Final Report SUBMITTED TO Anca Dumitrescu Senior Transport Specialist Africa Transport Unit World Bank SUBMITTED BY Nathan Associates Inc. 2101 Wilson Boulevard Suite 1200 Arlington, Virginia, USA September, 2013 Contract No. 7161353 Contents Executive Summary 1 Total Logistics Costs 2 Significant Inefficiencies 6 Recommended Policy Measures 7 1. Introduction 1 Objectives and Scope 2 Geographic Scope of the Study 3 Data Collection 5 Organization of the Report 6 2. Study Methodology 8 1.1. Conceptual Background 9 Financial Cost of the Logistics Service 10 Gateway Costs 10 Inland Transport Costs 11 Final Processing Costs 13 Hidden Costs 13 Case Study Selection Methodology 16 3. Trade Flows and Logistics Systems 18 West African Transit Traffic 18 Mali Traffic Flows 20 Burkina Faso Traffic Flows 22 Abidjan Port Transit Traffic 24 Cotonou Port Transit Traffic 27 Central African Transit Traffic 29 Douala Port 29 LOGISTIC COST STUDY OF TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN CENTRAL AND WEST AFRICA Corridor Trade Flows 30 Coastal (Abidjan-Lagos) Corridor 33 Regional (Intraregional) Trade 33 Overview of Logistics Systems 38 Components 38 In Transit Corridors to Landlocked Countries 38 In the ALC 38 Functional Characteristics of the Logistics System 40 4. Abidjan Corridors 41 Financial Costs of Logistics Services 44 Gateway Costs 44 Inland Transport Costs 46 Inland Processing Costs 53 Summary of Financial Cost of Logistics Services to the Shipper 54 Hidden Costs 57 Hidden Costs by Case Study 59 Total Logistics Costs 62 5. Cotonou-Niamey Corridor 67 Financial Costs of Logistics Services 69 Gateway Costs 69 Inland Transport Costs 71 Inland Processing Costs 75 Summary of Financial Cost of Logistics Services to the Shipper 76 Hidden Costs 77 Total Logistics Costs 80 Summary of Findings 81 Gateway Inefficiencies 81 Trucking Industry Inefficiencies 81 Transport and Trade Facilitation Inefficiencies 82 6.
    [Show full text]
  • An Estimated Dynamic Model of African Agricultural Storage and Trade
    High Trade Costs and Their Consequences: An Estimated Dynamic Model of African Agricultural Storage and Trade Obie Porteous Online Appendix A1 Data: Market Selection Table A1, which begins on the next page, includes two lists of markets by country and town population (in thousands). Population data is from the most recent available national censuses as reported in various online databases (e.g. citypopulation.de) and should be taken as approximate as census years vary by country. The \ideal" list starts with the 178 towns with a population of at least 100,000 that are at least 200 kilometers apart1 (plain font). When two towns of over 100,000 population are closer than 200 kilometers the larger is chosen. An additional 85 towns (italics) on this list are either located at important transport hubs (road junctions or ports) or are additional major towns in countries with high initial population-to-market ratios. The \actual" list is my final network of 230 markets. This includes 218 of the 263 markets on my ideal list for which I was able to obtain price data (plain font) as well as an additional 12 markets with price data which are located close to 12 of the missing markets and which I therefore use as substitutes (italics). Table A2, which follows table A1, shows the population-to-market ratios by country for the two sets of markets. In the ideal list of markets, only Nigeria and Ethiopia | the two most populous countries | have population-to-market ratios above 4 million. In the final network, the three countries with more than two missing markets (Angola, Cameroon, and Uganda) are the only ones besides Nigeria and Ethiopia that are significantly above this threshold.
    [Show full text]
  • WFP Aviation Network Summary East and West Africa Region Version 1
    WFP AVIATION GLOBAL PASSENGER AND LIGHT CARGO AIR SERVICES PROVISIONAL NETWORK SUMMARY EAST AND WEST AFRICA 01-15 MAY 2020 April 2020 WFP Aviation Global Passenger and Light Cargo Air Services NETWORK SUMMARY Contents General ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Long-Haul and Inter-Hub Network .............................................................................................................. 3 East Africa Region Network ........................................................................................................................... 5 West Africa Region Network ......................................................................................................................... 7 April 2020 Page 2 WFP Aviation Global Passenger and Light Cargo Air Services NETWORK SUMMARY General Current document summarizes WFP established Global Passenger Air Service Networks in the following regions: long-hail and inter-hub, East Africa and West Africa. Each region contains detail contact information for reference purposes. Detailed provisional flight schedules are annexed to the current document in excel file. Flight schedules are valid for a period of two weeks and are continuously being reviewed in accordance with the humanitarian and health workers travel requirements. The flights schedule validity is indicated on each schedule. Flight schedules are subject to operational changes that will be promptly
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of COVID-19 on Children's Education in Africa Submission
    Impact of Covid-19 on Children’s Education in Africa Submission to The African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 35th Ordinary Session 31 August – 4 September 2020 Human Rights Watch Observer status N⁰. 025/2017 Human Rights Watch respectfully submits this written presentation to contribute testimony from children to the discussion on the impact of Covid-19 on children at the 35th Ordinary Session of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Between April and August 2020, Human Rights Watch conducted 57 remote interviews with students, parents, teachers, and education officials across Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, and Zambia to learn about the effects of the pandemic on children’s education. Our research shows that school closures caused by the pandemic exacerbated previously existing inequalities, and that children who were already most at risk of being excluded from a quality education have been most affected. Children Receiving No Education Many children received no education after schools closed across the continent in March 2020.1 “My child is no longer learning, she is only waiting for the reopening to continue with her studies,” said a mother of a 9-year-old girl in eastern Congo.2 A mother of two preschool-aged children in North Kivu, Congo, said, “It does not make me happy that my children are no longer going to school. Years don’t wait for them. They have already lost a lot... What will become
    [Show full text]
  • International Currency Codes
    Country Capital Currency Name Code Afghanistan Kabul Afghanistan Afghani AFN Albania Tirana Albanian Lek ALL Algeria Algiers Algerian Dinar DZD American Samoa Pago Pago US Dollar USD Andorra Andorra Euro EUR Angola Luanda Angolan Kwanza AOA Anguilla The Valley East Caribbean Dollar XCD Antarctica None East Caribbean Dollar XCD Antigua and Barbuda St. Johns East Caribbean Dollar XCD Argentina Buenos Aires Argentine Peso ARS Armenia Yerevan Armenian Dram AMD Aruba Oranjestad Aruban Guilder AWG Australia Canberra Australian Dollar AUD Austria Vienna Euro EUR Azerbaijan Baku Azerbaijan New Manat AZN Bahamas Nassau Bahamian Dollar BSD Bahrain Al-Manamah Bahraini Dinar BHD Bangladesh Dhaka Bangladeshi Taka BDT Barbados Bridgetown Barbados Dollar BBD Belarus Minsk Belarussian Ruble BYR Belgium Brussels Euro EUR Belize Belmopan Belize Dollar BZD Benin Porto-Novo CFA Franc BCEAO XOF Bermuda Hamilton Bermudian Dollar BMD Bhutan Thimphu Bhutan Ngultrum BTN Bolivia La Paz Boliviano BOB Bosnia-Herzegovina Sarajevo Marka BAM Botswana Gaborone Botswana Pula BWP Bouvet Island None Norwegian Krone NOK Brazil Brasilia Brazilian Real BRL British Indian Ocean Territory None US Dollar USD Bandar Seri Brunei Darussalam Begawan Brunei Dollar BND Bulgaria Sofia Bulgarian Lev BGN Burkina Faso Ouagadougou CFA Franc BCEAO XOF Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Franc BIF Cambodia Phnom Penh Kampuchean Riel KHR Cameroon Yaounde CFA Franc BEAC XAF Canada Ottawa Canadian Dollar CAD Cape Verde Praia Cape Verde Escudo CVE Cayman Islands Georgetown Cayman Islands Dollar KYD _____________________________________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • ENSURE YOUR STATE's INFORMATION IS up to DATE Central African Republic
    ENSURE YOUR STATE’S INFORMATION IS UP TO DATE Central African Republic 1. SATAPS is an on-line database for States and industry stakeholders to monitor the implementation of the Lomé and Antananarivo Declarations, and take necessary follow-up or corrective actions. Please register to SATAPS and upload the information. For more information, visit: http://www.icao.int/sustainability/Pages/SATAPS.aspx 2. Aerotariffs provides information on airport and air navigation services charges (tariffs) that are officially registered with ICAO. Under Art. 15 of the Chicago Convention, all Member States shall communicate to ICAO such charges. Please to revise the information sent and to update it, if necessary. If you find any discrepancy, please contact us at: [email protected] You are invited to visit Aerotariffs website and request a demo of the tools, which is useful to calculate airport charges and to benchmark different airports: https://www4.icao.int/doc7100 3. The World Air Services Agreements (WASA) Database includes agreements that are officially registered with ICAO (Art. 83 of the Chicago Convention), as well as other agreements and arrangements, which are publicly available. For information and to correct any discrepancies, please contact us: [email protected] 4. The ICAO E-Tools WASA Map is a data visualization of WASA data and traffic (attached). For any enquiry about the WASA Map, please visit ICAO’s exhibition booth. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC STATE AIR TRANSPORT ACTION PLAN SYSTEM (SATAPS) Area Action Reference Alleviation of restrictions
    [Show full text]
  • Congo: Refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    : Refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Mar 2010) Total Displacement Congo from Equateur since Oct 2009 114,000 60,000 17,000 Since October 2009, some 114,000 refugees have in Congo in DRC in Central fled armed clashes in Equateur Province in the African Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and found refuge in the Congo.1 ang ub ui 1 Background O The Equateur Province has Douala CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC experienced sporadic Douala - Bangui Bangui Logistics inter-ethnic violence over the 7 days past several decades, The relief operation is generated by tensions over logistically complex and limited resources, circulation CAMEROON Sud-Ubangi expensive; the majority of district of small arms and weak sites can be reached only by 5 Bétou 2 Government presence.1 plane or boat. Likouala Dongo 4 Many boats are in 2 Recent clashes disrepair and fuel is EQUATORIAL 3 March 2009: Armed GUINEA scarce and costly. Due to low clashes arose from disputes water levels during the dry Impfondo Buburu Congo over farming and fishing season, the river is only rights in Sud-Ubangi district. suitable for small craft.1 1 Equateur Oct 2009: Fighting displaced 5 The road between Bétou people to other parts of and Impfondo is in poor Equateur, with an influx of condition and usable only DEMOCRATIC refugees in Central African Mbandaka during part of the dry REPUBLIC 1 Republic and the Congo. At GABON 4 season. Mbandaka - Impfondo OF THE CONGO least 270 civilians killed in 5 days Dongo. CONGO Disclaimer: Nov 2009: Civil unrest spread The boundaries and names shown Congo to a wider area in Equateur.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate of Central Africa : Past, Present and Future
    CHAPTER 2 CLIMATE OF CENTRAL AFRICA : PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Maurice Tsalefac1,5, François Hiol Hiol1, Gil Mahé2, Alain Laraque2, Denis Sonwa3, Paul Scholte4, Wilfried Pokam5, Andreas Haensler6, Tazebe Beyene7, Fulco Ludwig8, François K. Mkankam9, Viviane Manetsa Djoufack5, Michel Ndjatsana10, Charles Doumenge11 1University of Dschang, 2IRD, 3CIFOR, 4GIZ, 5University of Yaoundé, 6CSC, 7University of Washington, 8University of Wageningen, 9Université des Montagnes, 10Executive Secretariat of COMIFAC, 11CIRAD 1. Introduction Albeit some improvements, climates and changes in the tropical zone (Camberlin, 2007). paleoclimates in Central Africa are still unsuf- Few existing studies show that the Region presents ficiently known. This uncomplete knowledge some mild interannual rainfall variability when results from the lack of local data, the disperse contrasted to other regions with similar annual networks of past and current measuring and the rainfalls. The spatial coherence is also particu- very few pieces of scientific work on climate in larly weak. These two elements reflect some small this region. Consequently, some uncertainty still sensitivity to interannual major forcing of tropical prevails on how these climates may evolve in climate, notably to sea surface temperatures. One response to current climate warming. In order to also may predict an increase in extreme events, understand changes that might affect these cli- disruptions in the frequency of meteorological mates, it is necessary to get some solid knowledge catastrophic events, hence hazards. Consequently, about their current functionning, more specifically it is necessary to understand how countries in the the way they fit into the global climate system and region get organized with regard to climate change to what extent they affect climate variability and challenges.
    [Show full text]