DOCSLIB.ORG

Patterns of Variation in Life History Among South American Fishes in Seasonalenvironments

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Patterns of Variation in Life History Among South American Fishes in Seasonalenvironments :>ecologia (1989) 81 :225-241 (k(:i)logia D Springer-Verlag 1989 Patterns of variation in life history among South American fishes in seasonalenvironments Kirk O. WillelDiUer Departmentof Zoology, The University of Texas,Austin, TX 78712.USA s..mary. Ten traits related to life history theory weremea- demographic parameters (Steams 1983a; Reznick 1985; sured or estimatedfor 71 freshwaterfish speciesfrom two Peaseand Bull 1988). For example, models have incorpo- locations in the Venezuelanllanos. Multivariate statistics rated negativecorrelations betweencurrent investmentand and cluster analysis revealedthree basic endpoint patterns future investments in reproduction, juvenile survivorship bounding a two-dimensional continuum. A suite of attri- and clutch size. reproductive effort and adult survivorship, butesassociated with parental care and aseasonalreprodo<:- and mean generationtime and the intrinsic rate of increase. tion appeared to correspond to an equilibrium strategy. Alternative life history predictions can be testedby evaluat- A secondgroup of small fISheswas distinguishedby traits ing patterns of covariation among reproductive and demo- associatedwith rapid colonizing ability: early maturation. graphic parameters among heterospeciflCpopulations or continuous reproduction, and small clutches. The third conspecificdemes that have experienceddifferent environ- basic pattern was associatedwith synchronizedreprodo<:- mental conditions for long time periods. The presentstudy tion during the early wet season.high f~undity, absence constitutes one such test. characteriDng patterns of repro- of parental care. and breeding migrations. A subset of duction in tropical fishes with a seriesof dependentvari- mostly small fishes exhibiting little or no parental care. ables.The degreeof speciesclustering in multivariate space small clutches.and two to four month reproductiveseasons indicates the likelihood that certain combinations of traits was intermediatebetw~ the opportunistic (rapidly colon- will occur together in nature. Finally, I evaluate species izing) and seasonalstrategies. All ten life history variables clusters for associationwith phylogeny and ~Iogical fac- showedsignificant effectsof phylogeny.The cluster of spe- tors. ciescorresponding to the equilibrium group was dominated Tropical freshwaterfishes exhibit large diversity in mor- by siluriform fishes and perciforms of the Cichlidae. The phological, physiological. and ~logical attributes (Lowe- opportunistic cluster was dominated by cyprinodontiform McConnell 1987).Despite few comparative studiesof tropi- and characiform fishes. whereasthe seasonalcluster con- cal fish reproductive strategiesto date (Africa-Welcomme tained primarily characiform and siluriform fishes. Seven 1969; Central America-Kramer 1978; Asia-DeSilva et al. of nine traits weresignificantly correlatedwith body length. 1985),these diverse fish assemblagesprovide excellentsys- The three reproductive patterns are interpreted as being tems for evaluation of life history patterns. The great drain- adaptativewith respectto relative intensity and predictabi- age basinsof South America harbor the most diversefresh- lity of temporal and spatial variation in abiotic environmen- water fish assemblageson earth (ca. 2400described species). tal parameters.food availability. and predation pressure. Rather paradoxically, this ichthyofauna is derived from Key wonls:Llanos - Reproduction- Strategies- Tropical only a few basic stocks (speciesbelonging to the Characi- fishes-Venezuela formes. Siluriformes. and Cichlidae (Perciformes)comprise about 93% of all species,Lowe McConnell 1987).I investi- gated fish reproductive biology in the llanos of Venezuela during twelve co~tive months in 1984.The region has The diversity of methods by which organisms reprodtx:e an averageannual temperatureof 26.2° C and a highly sea- has long intrigued naturalists. One can argue that traits sonal pattern of rainfall, with 1189mm of precipitation oc- associatedwith reproduction should be subject to intense curring from June-Novemberand 178 mm from December- natural selection, as these directly affect the individual's May in 1984. Despite extreme changesin environmental geneticrepresentation within subsequentgenerations. Alter- conditions caused by seasonalrainfall. fishes exhibited a native modes of reproduction have obvious demographic wide rangeof reproductivecharacteristics in the llanos. This implications, sinceall populations experienceeither gradual report describesthese characteristics for 71 speciesand in- or periodic turn-overs.Alternative patternsof reproduction terprets the basic patterns within an ~logical context.~ and the degreeto which these are s~ful in different environmentalsettings have formed the basisfor both theo- Methods retical and empirical researchunder the headinglife history (Steams 1976; Southwood 1977; Horn 1978; Sibley and Collections Calow 1986a).In the most basic terms, life history theory During every month of 1984, fishes were collected from involvesconstraints, or trade-offs, among reproductiveand two locations in the state of Ponuguesa, Venezuela. The 226 more faunistically diversesite, Cano Maraca, is a swamp- servedin 10% fonnalin and depositedin the MHN (UNEL- creek located in the western llanos region (8°52'30" Lat. LEZ) and the TNHC (TMM). N; 69°53'30" Long. W). The area studied (termed an "es- tero") lies within low, flat terrain that experiencesextensive The data sheet flooding during the wettest months (June-August). During this time, the creek's broad floodplain is converted Several attributes related to reproduction and population from exposed,sun-baked soil and thorn-scrub habitat into structure weremeasured directly and other life history traits a productive marsh. The aquatic habitat is reduced to a werecalculated or estimatedfrom these.All preservedspec- network of pools (averagedepth ca. 1.0 m) during the driest imens were identified and measured for standard length months(December-May). Dissolved oxygen concentrations (SL). When available, 30 specimensof each speciesfrom are reducedduring this time, and many fishesrely on special eachmonthly collection at both Calio Maraca and C. V 01- respiratory adaptationsfor survival (Winemiller 1988). can were dissected.The condition of the gonad was coded The other site, Cano Volcan (8°59'15" Lat. N; basedin its relative sizeand color using the following cate- 69°53'30" Long. W), is a third order stream in the lowest gories: clear (1), translucent(2), opaque(3), small (1), medi- tier of the Andean Piedmont. This narrow stream flows um/small (2), medium (3), medium/large (4), and large (5). through deciduousforest and contains both pool and rime The overall gonad code for each individual was equal to habitats. Cano Volcan differs from C. Maraca in having (color code+size code) divided by two, and as a result, a slightly steepergradient, more stabledry seasondischarge, values ranged from 1.0 to 4.0. Although the same basic and a more forested watershed.Cano Volcan experiences criteria were usedin coding male and female gonads,inter- frequent but brief flash floods during wet seasondown- sexual and interspecific differences in the size, color, and pours. Physico-chemicaldata for each site during the year texture of fully mature gonads were taken into account. studied are given in Winemiller (1987). Undevelopedovaries were tiny transparent, globular or la- Fishes were collected by dipnet, seine (3.2 mm mesh/ mellar structures. Following a gradual transition, fully-de- 2.5 m length; 12.7mm/20 m), experimental gillnet, and veloped fish ovaries were large opaque-yellow or orange hook and line. At eachsite, an attempt was made to sample structures having a grainy appearancedue to the presence the entire fish community such that the sample for each of mature oocytes. Mature ovaries are cylindrical or lie speciesreflected its relative abundanceand population size as sheetsalong the lateral walls of the abdominal cavity. structureduring eachmonth. The collecting effort expended Immature testesappeared as transparent threadlike or min- each month was approximately equal for each site, con- ute lamellar structures in contrast to the smooth, opaque, sisting of three or four hauls of the 20 m seine in open milky-white appearance of mature testes. Fully-mature water habitats, and alternateuse of the 2.5 m seine,dipnets, testeswere either cylindrical. lamellar. or multilobed (the and gillnets for a minimum of 6 h within open water, shore- latter condition occursin catfishesof the Pimelodidae).For line, vegetation,and peripheralpool habitats. Samplingwas severalspecies, gonad codeswere regressedagainst gonado- terminated when two hours of collecting yielded no addi- somatic indices to test their reliability as overall indices tional rare species.Collections used for comparisonsof rela- of gonadal development(Fig. 1). tive population densitieswere made during either one or Diameters of ten of the largest oocytes in each mature two days betweenthe 11th and 28th of each month. Addi- ovary were determined using a dissectingmicroscope and tional collections were made on other dates in order to an ocular micrometer. Oocyte sizeswithin each examined supplementthe numbersof uncommon speciestaken in the ovary wereclassified as extremely uniform, moderately uni- standard samples.Except for very abundant species(for form, moderately variable, or extremely variable. The which a subsamplerepresentative of the abundance rank number of separateoocyte size classespresent
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Speciose Family Characidae
    Oliveira et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11:275 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/275 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling Claudio Oliveira1*, Gleisy S Avelino1, Kelly T Abe1, Tatiane C Mariguela1, Ricardo C Benine1, Guillermo Ortí2, Richard P Vari3 and Ricardo M Corrêa e Castro4 Abstract Background: With nearly 1,100 species, the fish family Characidae represents more than half of the species of Characiformes, and is a key component of Neotropical freshwater ecosystems. The composition, phylogeny, and classification of Characidae is currently uncertain, despite significant efforts based on analysis of morphological and molecular data. No consensus about the monophyly of this group or its position within the order Characiformes has been reached, challenged by the fact that many key studies to date have non-overlapping taxonomic representation and focus only on subsets of this diversity. Results: In the present study we propose a new definition of the family Characidae and a hypothesis of relationships for the Characiformes based on phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes (4,680 base pairs). The sequences were obtained from 211 samples representing 166 genera distributed among all 18 recognized families in the order Characiformes, all 14 recognized subfamilies in the Characidae, plus 56 of the genera so far considered incertae sedis in the Characidae. The phylogeny obtained is robust, with most lineages significantly supported by posterior probabilities in Bayesian analysis, and high bootstrap values from maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Species of Knodus (Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the Upper Rio Tocantins Basin, with Evidence of Ontogenetic Meristic Changes
    Neotropical Ichthyology Original article https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0106 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C4F52922-98BE-485C-94F7-03D158B4EDEB Two new species of Knodus (Characidae: Stevardiinae) from the upper rio Tocantins basin, with evidence of ontogenetic meristic changes Correspondence: 1 1 Gabriel de Carvalho Deprá Gabriel de Carvalho Deprá , Renata Rúbia Ota , 1 2 [email protected] Oscar Barroso Vitorino Júnior and Katiane Mara Ferreira Two new species from the upper rio Tocantins basin are described in Knodus based on the traditional definition of the genus. The new species are distinguished from other congeners by meristic and morphometric characters, such as the number of cusps in the premaxillary and dentary teeth, the number of scale series between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line, the orbital diameter and the body depth. With the two new species, the number of endemic species in the upper rio Tocantins basin upstream of the mouth of the rio Paranã, rises to 53 (89 to the confluence with rio Araguaia). The existence of a meristic character that changes through ontogeny (allomery), viz. the number of scale series between dorsal-fin origin Submitted October 2, 2020 and lateral line, was detected in some species of Knodus through a regression Accepted January 1, 2021 analysis. Additionally, this paper describes an unambiguous, more informative by Paulo Lucinda and precise new method for counting vertebrae, which will enhance the efficacy Epub 08 March, 2021 of this trait in species comparisons. Keywords: Allochromy, Allomery, Endemism, Knodus breviceps, Secondary sexual characters. Online version ISSN 1982-0224 Print version ISSN 1679-6225 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from NCBI Genbank (Benson Et Al
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO EVOLUTION IN FRESH WATERS DURING THE GREAT AMERICAN INTERCHANGE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND THE PRITZKER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY COMMITTEE ON EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY BY TIMOTHY SOSA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2017 Table of Contents List of Tables . iii List of Figures . iv Acknowledgments . vi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Broadly sampled phylogeny of Characiformes reveals repeated colonization of North America and paraphyly of Characiformes sensu stricto . 8 Chapter 3: No evidence for filtering of eco-morphology in characiform lineages during the Great American Interchange . 17 Chapter 4: Both elevation and species identity strongly predict body shape in Astyanax tetras . 27 Chapter 5: Diet may mediate potential range expansions of Neotropical fishes under climate change . 39 Chapter 6: Discussion . 52 References . 57 Appendix: List of specimens newly sequenced for this study . 67 ii List of Tables 1.1 Recognized families in the order Characiformes . 5 2.1 Fossil occurrences used for time-calibration . 11 4.1 Distances in morphospace among tetra populations . 32 5.1 Variables determining the range limits of Astyanax . 45 5.2 Variables determining the range limits of Brycon . 47 5.3 Variables determining the range limits of Roeboides . 49 iii List of Figures 1.1 Hypothetical relationships among ostariophysan groups . 4 2.1 Phylogeny of Characiformes as inferred from myh6 locus . 13 3.1 Landmark configuration for geometric morphometrics . 19 3.2 Morphospace occupation in North and South American characins . 21 3.3 Deformation grids showing axes of shape variation among characins .
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Characteristics of Characid Fish Species (Teleostei
    Reproductive characteristics of characid fish species (Teleostei... 469 Reproductive characteristics of characid fish species (Teleostei, Characiformes) and their relationship with body size and phylogeny Marco A. Azevedo Setor de Ictiologia, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Dr. Salvador França, 1427, 90690-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. ([email protected]) ABSTRACT. In this study, I investigated the reproductive biology of fish species from the family Characidae of the order Characiformes. I also investigated the relationship between reproductive biology and body weight and interpreted this relationship in a phylogenetic context. The results of the present study contribute to the understanding of the evolution of the reproductive strategies present in the species of this family. Most larger characid species and other characiforms exhibit a reproductive pattern that is generally characterized by a short seasonal reproductive period that lasts one to three months, between September and April. This is accompanied by total spawning, an extremely high fecundity, and, in many species, a reproductive migration. Many species with lower fecundity exhibit some form of parental care. Although reduction in body size may represent an adaptive advantage, it may also require evolutionary responses to new biological problems that arise. In terms of reproduction, smaller species have a tendency to reduce the number of oocytes that they produce. Many small characids have a reproductive pattern similar to that of larger characiforms. On the other hand they may also exhibit a range of modifications that possibly relate to the decrease in body size and the consequent reduction in fecundity.
    [Show full text]
  • Opening the Trojan Horse: Phylogeny of Astyanax, Two New Genera and Resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae)
    applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2020, XX, 1–18. With 2 figures. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa019/5819054 by Macquarie University user on 12 April 2020 Opening the Trojan horse: phylogeny of Astyanax, two new genera and resurrection of Psalidodon (Teleostei: Characidae) GUILLERMO E. TERÁN1, MAURICIO F. BENITEZ2 and J. MARCOS MIRANDE1,* 1Fundación Miguel Lillo – Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET). Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán (CP 4000), Tucumán, Argentina 2Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva; Instituto de Biología Subtropical (UNaM-CONICET). Félix de Azara 1552, N3300LQH – Posadas, Misiones, Argentina Received 13 April 2019; revised 6 September 2019; accepted for publication 20 February 2020 The freshwater fish genus Astyanax is one of the most diverse among the Characidae. The genus is defined by a combination of character states that are widely distributed in Characidae. In addition, the genus has the broadest geographical distribution in the family, being found in a great variety of environments of the Neotropical region. Although phylogenetic relationships were treated only partially, many authors agree that the genus is not monophyletic. In this contribution, we study the phylogenetic relationships of Astyanax in the context of the family Characidae, by combining morphological and molecular data. A total of 520 morphological characters, nine molecular markers and 608 taxa are analysed, of which 98 belong to Astyanax. According to our results, Astyanax is not monophyletic. We recovered species attributed to Astyanax in different subfamilies: Gymnocharacinae (including the type species), Stevardiinae and Tetragonopterinae. Among the species recovered in Gymnocharacinae, most (including the type species, the resurrected Psalidodon, and the new genus Andromakhe gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Peces De La Zona Hidrogeográfica De La Amazonia
    Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Bogotá-Gregory, Juan David; Maldonado-Ocampo, Javier Alejandro Peces de la zona hidrogeográfica de la Amazonia, Colombia Biota Colombiana, vol. 7, núm. 1, 2006, pp. 55-94 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49170105 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Biota Colombiana 7 (1) 55 - 94, 2006 Peces de la zona hidrogeográfica de la Amazonia, Colombia Juan David Bogotá-Gregory1 y Javier Alejandro Maldonado-Ocampo2 1 Investigador colección de peces, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia. [email protected] 2 Grupo de Exploración y Monitoreo Ambiental –GEMA-, Programa de Inventarios de Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia. [email protected]. Palabras Clave: Peces, Amazonia, Amazonas, Colombia Introducción La cuenca del Amazonas cubre alrededor de 6.8 especies siempre ha estado subvalorada. Mojica (1999) millones de km2 en la cual el río Amazonas, su mayor registra un total de 264 spp., recientemente Bogotá-Gregory tributario, tiene una longitud aproximada de 6000 – 7800 km. & Maldonado-Ocampo (2005) incrementan el número de Gran parte de la cuenca Amazónica recibe de 1500 – 2500 especies a 583 spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of Uruguay (CLOFF-UY)
    Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 28: 1-40 (2014) 1 Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of Uruguay (CLOFF-UY). Thomas O. Litz1 & Stefan Koerber2 1 Friedhofstr. 8, 88448 Attenweiler, Germany, [email protected] 2 Friesenstr. 11, 45476 Muelheim, Germany, [email protected] Introduction The purpose of this paper to present the first complete list of freshwater fishes from Uruguay based on the available literature. It would have been impossible to review al papers from the beginning of ichthyology, starting with authors as far back as Larrañaga or Jenyns, who worked the preserved fishes Darwin brought back home from his famous trip around the world. The publications of Nion et al. (2002) and Teixera de Mello et al. (2011) seemed to be a good basis where to start from. Both are not perfect for this purpose but still valuable sources and we highly recommend both as literature for the interested reader. Nion et al. (2002) published a list of both, the freshwater and marine species of Uruguay, only permitting the already knowledgeable to make the difference and recognize the freshwater fishes. Also, some time has passed since then and the systematic of this paper is outdated in many parts. Teixero de Mello et al. (2011) recently presented an excellent collection of the 100 most abundant species with all relevant information and colour pictures, allowing an easy approximate identification. The names used there are the ones currently considered valid. Uncountable papers have been published on the freshwater fishes of Uruguay, some with regional or local approaches, others treating with certain groups of fishes.
    [Show full text]
  • Koerber Et Al
    Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 60: 1-13 (2018) 1 CLOFFAR - update 5 - supplement to Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Argentina. 1 2 3 Stefan Koerber , Thomas O. Litz & Juan Marcos Mirande 1 Friesenstr. 11, 45476 Muelheim, Germany, [email protected] 2 Friedhofstr. 8, 88448 Attenweiler, Germany, [email protected] 3 CONICET - Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. [email protected] Remarks on this update Since the last update from October 2017, we have registered again a dozen of changes influencing the list of freshwater fishes found in Argentina. The total number of species has increased to 558 caused by five first records, six new species and one negative record, a species listed for Argentina erroneously in the past. One synonymization did not influence the total count. In difference to the past, characiforms and catfishes are not the main drivers anymore, but the movement has switched more towards cichlids and cyprinodontiforms. Another new Gymnotus has been described based on material from Argentina and, also noteworthy, yet another Tararira. Unfortunately also another species of sturgeon has been recorded from Argentinean freshwaters. CLOFF update update update update update total AR # 1 # 2 # 3 # 4 # 5 Myliobatiformes 6 6 Acipenseriformes 1 1 2 Clupeiformes 6 6 Cypriniformes 5 5 Characiformes 183 4 4 2 2 195 Siluriformes 200 1 4 11 2 1 219 Gymnotiformes 15 1 1 17 Galaxiiformes 4 4 Salmoniformes 6 6 Atheriniformes 4 1 5 Cyprinodontiformes 30 -3 1 2 30 Beloniformes 2 2 Synbranchiformes 1 1 "Perciformes" 3 3 Centrarchiformes 3 3 Mugiliformes 2 2 Cichliformes 41 2 -1 2 2 3 49 Pleuronectiformes 2 2 Ceratodontiformes 1 1 total 515 4 7 14 8 10 558 The aim of this list of species of freshwater fishes from Argentina is to provide an updated supplement to the ‘Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Argentina (CLOFFAR)’ published by Mirande & Koerber (2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Eigenmann) with Remarks on the Phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae
    Neotropical Ichthyology, 11(4):747-766, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae) Juan Marcos Mirande1, Fernando Camargo Jerep2 and James Anyelo Vanegas-Ríos3 The monotypic genus Carlastyanax Géry was defined to include Astyanax aurocaudatus, a morphologically odd species having, among other features, four teeth in the posterior premaxillary row and eight branched dorsal-fin rays. Later on, the characters used to define Carlastyanax were considered as invalid and this genus was synonymized with Astyanax. In this paper, we include Astyanax aurocaudatus in a phylogeny of the Characidae and obtain a sister-group relationship between this species and Creagrutus, within the Stevardiinae. The resurrection of Carlastyanax as a valid genus is therefore proposed. The analysis presented is the largest phylogeny of the Stevardiinae so far published. Relationships of this subfamily are also discussed. El género monotípico Carlastyanax Géry fue definido para incluir a Astyanax aurocaudatus, una especie morfológicamente extraña que tiene, entre otras cosas, cuatro dientes en la fila posterior del premaxilar y ocho radios ramificados en la aleta dorsal. Luego, los caracteres usados para definir Carlastyanax fueron considerados inválidos y este género fue sinonimizado con Astyanax. En este artículo incluimos Astyanax aurocaudatus en una filogenia de Characidae y obtenemos una relación de grupos hermanos entre esta especie y Creagrutus, dentro de Stevardiinae. La resurrección de Carlastyanax como un género válido es aquí propuesta. Este análisis es la filogenia más grande de Stevardiinae publicada hasta el momento. Se discuten también las relaciones de esta subfamilia.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal De Mato Grosso Instituto De Ciências Exatas E Naturais Departamento De Biologia Ciências Biológicas Bacharelado
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E NATURAIS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BACHARELADO ICTIODIVERSIDADE EM TRIBUTÁRIOS DOS RIOS CORRENTES, PIQUIRI E SÃO LOURENÇO NA BACIA DO ALTO PARAGUAI, MATO GROSSO Alecsandra Pazza Martarello Rondonópolis, MT 2020 ICTIODIVERSIDADE EM TRIBUTÁRIOS DOS RIOS CORRENTES, PIQUIRI E SÃO LOURENÇO NA BACIA DO ALTO PARAGUAI, MATO GROSSO Alecsandra Pazza Martarello Monografia apresentada à Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso como parte dos requisitos do Curso de Graduação em Biologia para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Biologia. Orientador: Profª. Dra. Simoni Maria Loverde Oliveira Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso – Brasil 2020 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E NATUNAIS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BACHARELADO A comissão examinadora abaixo assinada aprova o trabalho de curso ICTIODIVERSIDADE EM TRIBUTÁRIOS DOS RIOS CORRENTES, PIQUIRI E SÃO LOURENÇO NA BACIA DO ALTO PARAGUAI, MATO GROSSO Trabalho de conclusão de curso elaborado por Alecsandra Pazza Martarello como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Biologia Comissão Examinadora _________________________________________ Prof. Drª. Simoni Maria Loverde Oliveira UFMT – Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso ____________________________________________ Dr. Hugmar Pains da Silva UFMT - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ricardo Alexandre Kawashita Ribeiro UFMT – Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso _______________________________________ Prof. Drª. Gisele Catian UFMT – Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Rondonópolis, 18 de fevereiro de 2020. AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente agradeço a Deus por todas as coisas. Deus é bom o tempo todo! Agradeço por todas as oportunidades que tive na UFMT e por tudo que me foi proporcionado tanto pelos meus professores como por colaborares do Departamento de Biologia do campus de Rondonópolis, em especial a Secretaria Simone que sempre fez e faz de tudo para ajudar a todos.
    [Show full text]
  • Tempo and Mode of Lineage and Morphological Diversification in a Hyperdiverse Freshwater Fish Radiation (Teleostei: Characiformes)
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Michael D. Burns for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Fisheries Science presented on April 17, 2018. Title: Tempo and Mode of Lineage and Morphological Diversification in a Hyperdiverse Freshwater Fish Radiation (Teleostei: Characiformes) Abstract approved: ________________________________________________ Brian L. Sidlauskas Characiform fishes form one of the most diverse freshwater fish clades in the world. Comprising more than 2000 species and distributed primarily in South America and Africa, characiforms vary dramatically in their ecomorphology. However, the evolutionary processes responsible for the immense ecomorphological diversity remains unknown. Recently, a study postulated that the unparalleled ecomorphological diversification arose through an ancient adaptive radiation, as evidenced by the clear segregation of morphological traits, such as body shape, among different trophic and habitat groups. However, no formal macroevolutionary analyses have been conducted on the entire order of Characiformes and the mechanism responsible for the diversity remains unknown. Here, I conduct a macroevolutionary analysis of body shape diversification to determine if Characiformes evolved through an adaptive radiation. I estimated the first time-calibrated molecular phylogeny for the order Characiformes, assembled the first ever geometric morphometric body shape dataset, and compiled an exhaustive trophic ecology database. In my second chapter, I combined these datasets to test whether body shape adapted
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia
    Biota Colombiana 9 (2) 143 - 237, 2008 Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Javier A. Maldonado-Ocampo'; Richard P. Vari^; Jose Saulo Usma' 1 Investigador Asociado, curador encargado coleccion de peces de agua dulce, Institute de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. Claustro de San Agustin, Villa de Leyva, Boyaca, Colombia. Direccion actual: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940- 040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. [email protected] 2 Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC—159, National Museum of Natural History, PO Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013 — 7012. [email protected] 3 Coordinador Programa Ecosistemas de Agua Dulce WWF Colombia. Calle 61 No 3 A 26, Bogota D.C, Colombia. [email protected] Abstract Data derived from the literature supplemented by examination of specimens in collections show that 1435 species of native fishes live in the freshwaters of Colombia. These species represent 14 orders and 47 families. Orders with the largest numbers of species in the Colombian continental ichthyofauna are the Characiformes (637 species), Siluriformes (524 species), Perciformes (124 species), and Gymnotiformes (74 species), with the remaining 10 orders having from 1 to 35 species. At the family level, the Characidae has the greatest number of species (399 species), with this followed by the Loricariidae (166 species), Cichlidae (114 species), Pimelodidae (54 species), and Trichomycteridae (54 species); the remaining 42 families having 1 to 52 species. Present data indicate that 311 of the species occur solely at locations within Colombia. Continued descriptions of new species from the continental waters of Colombia demonstrate that the present total underestimates the species-level diversity of the ichthyofauna.
    [Show full text]