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Universidade Federal De Mato Grosso Instituto De Ciências Exatas E Naturais Departamento De Biologia Ciências Biológicas Bacharelado UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E NATURAIS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BACHARELADO ICTIODIVERSIDADE EM TRIBUTÁRIOS DOS RIOS CORRENTES, PIQUIRI E SÃO LOURENÇO NA BACIA DO ALTO PARAGUAI, MATO GROSSO Alecsandra Pazza Martarello Rondonópolis, MT 2020 ICTIODIVERSIDADE EM TRIBUTÁRIOS DOS RIOS CORRENTES, PIQUIRI E SÃO LOURENÇO NA BACIA DO ALTO PARAGUAI, MATO GROSSO Alecsandra Pazza Martarello Monografia apresentada à Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso como parte dos requisitos do Curso de Graduação em Biologia para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Biologia. Orientador: Profª. Dra. Simoni Maria Loverde Oliveira Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso – Brasil 2020 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E NATUNAIS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BACHARELADO A comissão examinadora abaixo assinada aprova o trabalho de curso ICTIODIVERSIDADE EM TRIBUTÁRIOS DOS RIOS CORRENTES, PIQUIRI E SÃO LOURENÇO NA BACIA DO ALTO PARAGUAI, MATO GROSSO Trabalho de conclusão de curso elaborado por Alecsandra Pazza Martarello como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Biologia Comissão Examinadora _________________________________________ Prof. Drª. Simoni Maria Loverde Oliveira UFMT – Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso ____________________________________________ Dr. Hugmar Pains da Silva UFMT - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ricardo Alexandre Kawashita Ribeiro UFMT – Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso _______________________________________ Prof. Drª. Gisele Catian UFMT – Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Rondonópolis, 18 de fevereiro de 2020. AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente agradeço a Deus por todas as coisas. Deus é bom o tempo todo! Agradeço por todas as oportunidades que tive na UFMT e por tudo que me foi proporcionado tanto pelos meus professores como por colaborares do Departamento de Biologia do campus de Rondonópolis, em especial a Secretaria Simone que sempre fez e faz de tudo para ajudar a todos. Ao CNPq pela bolsa de iniciação cientifica e espero que no futuro alguém possa ter essa oportunidade de ter uma jornada parecida a minha. A Agência Nacional de Águas e Embrapa pelo apoio financeiro, sem isso este trabalho não poderia ser realizado. Agradeço a família Loverde, minha querida orientadora Profª Simoni Loverde Oliveira por ter aceitado me orientar e me iniciar na vida cientifica, obrigada por esses quatro anos de companheirismo e paciência, agradeço ao seu marido Valdeci Antônio de Oliveira por ajudar nas coletas e descrição das espécies aqui contidas e ao seu filho Rafael Loverde pela amizade e por me ajudar com os dados dos mapas temáticos. Agradeço a minha família, minha mãe Vanderlene Pazza e meu pai Vitor Martarello, por nunca deixar com que eu desista e me sustentado até aqui. Agradeço ao meu irmão João Vitor, minha cunhada Paula Fernanda e meu sobrinho Luís Gustavo que mesmo com todos obstáculos sempre acreditaram no meu potencial e me apoiaram. Obrigada! Agradeço a Danielly Machado & Emanuelle Machado que graças a vocês duas consegui me matricular na UFMT. Sou eternamente grata a vocês! Ao Santana pela ajuda nas coletas, amizade e companheirismo. Agradeço as minhas colegas e principalmente amigas do LAHEA, Viviane Marques, Renata Felício e Kathrynn Mendonça e Shayanna por me ajudar, apoiar e incentivar sempre, gradeço por todo companheirismo. Aos amigos que a faculdade me deu Adriano, Marcos e Thi, Brendda, Indianara e a Claudia Coutinho e por todos esses anos de amizade e companheirismo, por me aguentarem nos bons e maus dias, meus sinceros obrigado! Aos amigos in memoriam Caio Patrick, Leandro Silveira e Henrique Rosa. Agradeço a família Pazza, que não estiveram presentes fisicamente, mas sempre presentes de coração. Obrigada! EPÍGRAFE "Un peu de science éloigne de Dieu, beaucoup de science y ramène." Louis Pasteur Tradução: "Um pouco de ciência nos afasta de Deus. Muita, nos aproxima Dele." Louis Pasteur ICTIODIVERSIDADE EM TRIBUTÁRIOS DOS RIOS CORRENTES, PIQUIRI E SÃO LOURENÇO NA BACIA DO ALTO PARAGUAI, MATO GROSSO RESUMO O conhecimento dos parâmetros ecológicos básicos da ictiofauna é fundamental para o manejo adequado das populações de peixes. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a distribuição espacial das assembleias de peixes em sub-bacias do entorno do Pantanal através do levantamento da composição e da variação espacial da riqueza, abundância e diversidade dos peixes nas sub-bacias dos rios Correntes, Piquiri e São Lourenço, pertencentes a Bacia do alto rio Paraguai. Foram delimitados sete pontos amostrais localizados na interfase do planalto com a planície do Pantanal Norte nos estados do Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. As coletas ocorreram de novembro de 2017 a março de 2018 de forma padronizada utilizando-se diferentes aparelhos de pesca (redes de espera, espinhéis e anzóis). No total foram capturados 329 indivíduos de peixes divididos em quatro ordens (Characiformes, Siluriformes, Cichliformes e Gymnotiformes), 14 famílias, compostas por 43 espécies. Houve maior representatividade dos Characiformes seguidos por Siluriformes. As famílias mais ricas em espécies foram Anostomidae com sete espécies, Characinae, Loricariidae e Heptapteridae com cinco espécies cada, seguidas por menores contribuições das demais. O rio Piquiri teve a maior riqueza (25 spp.) e diversidade especifica (2,80), porém menor abundância (77 ind.), enquanto o rio Comprido apresentou a menor riqueza (10 spp.) e maior abundância de indivíduos (116 ind). A menor diversidade e equitabilidade ocorreram no rio Anhumas (0,8953 e 0,6458, respectivamente) e a distribuição mais uniforme foi registrada no rio Correntes (0,8787). No inventario foi registrado uma espécie exótica (Oreochromis niloticus - Tilápia), uma listada entre as espécies quase ameaçadas de extinção (Piaractus mesopotamicus) e uma espécie ainda não descrita do gênero Serrasalmus sp. Foram registradas no rio Piquiri seis espécies de interesse comercial (espécies-alvo), distribuídas em duas ordens e cinco famílias, com maior abundância de Schizodon borellii (piau-três- pintas). A ictiodiversidade esteve composta por espécies comuns na região neotropical e houve ampla variação espacial dos parâmetros analisados na comunidade, cuja ocorrência de um novo registro de espécie para a região e o aparecimento de espécie exótica reforça a necessidade de levantamentos contínuos nos rios que drenam o planalto adjacente ao Pantanal Norte. Palavras-Chave: ictiofauna; peixes; áreas úmidas. Abstract Knowledge of the basic ecological parameters of ichthyofauna is essential for the proper management of fish populations. Thus, the study aimed to characterize the spatial distribution of fish assemblages in sub-basins surrounding the Pantanal by surveying the composition and spatial variation of the richness, abundance and diversity of fish in the sub- basins of the Correntes, Piquiri and São Lourenço, belonging to the Upper Paraguay River Basin. Seven sampling points located at the plateau interface with the Pantanal Norte plain in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil were delimited. The collections took place from November 2017 to March 2018 in a standardized way using different fishing devices (waiting nets, longlines and hooks). In total, 329 fish individuals were captured, divided into four orders (Characiformes, Siluriformes, Cichliformes and Gymnotiformes), 14 families, composed of 43 species. There was a greater representation of Characiformes followed by Siluriformes. The species richest families were Anostomidae with seven species, Characinae, Loricariidae and Heptapteridae with five species each, followed by smaller contributions from the others. The Piquiri River had the highest wealth (25 spp.) And specific diversity (2.80), but the lowest abundance (77 ind.), While the Comprido River had the lowest wealth (10 spp.) But the highest abundance of individuals (116 ind). The lowest diversity and evenness occurred in the Anhumas river (0.8953 and 0.6458, respectively) and the most uniform distribution was recorded in the Correntes river (0.8787). An exotic species (Oreochromis niloticus - Tilápia) was registered in the inventory, one listed among the species almost threatened with extinction (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and a species not yet described in the genus Serrasalmus sp. Six species of commercial interest (target species) were registered in the Piquiri River, distributed in two orders and five families, with greater abundance of Schizodon borellii (Piau-três-pintas) Ichiodiversity was composed of common species in the neotropical region and there was wide spatial variation in the parameters analyzed in the community, whose occurrence of a new species record for the region and the appearance of exotic species reinforces the need for continuous surveys in the rivers that drain the plateau. adjacent to the North Pantanal. Key words: ichthyofauna; fish; humid areas. LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1. Relação das bacias hidrográficas dos pontos de amostragem e suas respectivas coordenadas geográficas, municípios nos estados de mato grosso e mato grosso do sul, brasil. ................................................................................................................................. 15 tabela 2. Lista taxonômica, nome popular e local de ocorrência dos peixes nos pontos de amostragem nos tributários dos rios correntes, piquiri e são lourenço, entorno do pantanal norte, no período de novembro de 2017 a março
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