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Redalyc.Peces De La Zona Hidrogeográfica De La Amazonia

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Redalyc.Peces De La Zona Hidrogeográfica De La Amazonia Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Bogotá-Gregory, Juan David; Maldonado-Ocampo, Javier Alejandro Peces de la zona hidrogeográfica de la Amazonia, Colombia Biota Colombiana, vol. 7, núm. 1, 2006, pp. 55-94 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49170105 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Biota Colombiana 7 (1) 55 - 94, 2006 Peces de la zona hidrogeográfica de la Amazonia, Colombia Juan David Bogotá-Gregory1 y Javier Alejandro Maldonado-Ocampo2 1 Investigador colección de peces, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia. [email protected] 2 Grupo de Exploración y Monitoreo Ambiental –GEMA-, Programa de Inventarios de Biodiversidad, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia. [email protected]. Palabras Clave: Peces, Amazonia, Amazonas, Colombia Introducción La cuenca del Amazonas cubre alrededor de 6.8 especies siempre ha estado subvalorada. Mojica (1999) millones de km2 en la cual el río Amazonas, su mayor registra un total de 264 spp., recientemente Bogotá-Gregory tributario, tiene una longitud aproximada de 6000 – 7800 km. & Maldonado-Ocampo (2005) incrementan el número de Gran parte de la cuenca Amazónica recibe de 1500 – 2500 especies a 583 spp. y Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma (en mm de precipitación media anual y la descarga estimada prensa) registran un total de 675 spp. para el río Amazonas ha sido calculada en 214 millones de litros por segundo en promedio (Goulding et al. 2003). A El incremento significativo de especies en los últimos cinco Colombia le corresponde un 8% (420.000 km2) del área de la años, que posiciona a ésta zona como la más rica del país, cuenca, ocupando cerca del 31% del territorio nacional ha sido resultado de los estudios y apoyo brindado por (Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2005). La zona diversas instituciones a nivel nacional y regional Instituto hidrogeográfica de la Amazonia en Colombia recibe el aporte de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) Universidad Nacional de de ocho cuencas y 78 subcuencas. Las principales cuencas Colombia, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas (Sinchi), Instituto de Investigación de Recursos corresponden a los ríos Guainía-Negro, Vaupes, Apaporis, Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH), Fundación Caquetá, Putumayo y Amazonas (IDEAM 2004). Tropenbos, Fundación Omacha y la Unidad Administrativa Especial de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia En cuanto a la riqueza de especies de peces para la cuenca (UAESPNN). Para una revisión completa de las referencias del Amazonas varios han sido los intentos para estimarla y de los trabajos relacionados con inventarios ictiológicos existe un amplio intervalo desde las 1200 hasta las 7000 de la zona hidrogeográfica del Amazonas se puede consultar especies dependiendo del autor (Gery 1999, Val & Almeida Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo (2005). 1995, Goulding 1999, Henderson & Robertson 1999). Sin embargo en Reis et al. (2003) para la cuenca del Amazonas Las colecciones consideradas en el trabajo fueron: existen 1033 especies registradas y en el Catálogo de Peces de la Academia de Ciencias de California (actualizado a - AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, New octubre 2005) 963 especies. York, U.S.A. - ANSP: Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia, El estudio de peces en la zona hidrogeográfica de la Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Amazonia en Colombia tiene una larga historia y puede - BMNH: British Museum Natural History, London. remotarse hacia finales del siglo pasado con los trabajos de - CAS: California Academy of Science, San Francisco, Humboldt (1821) y Steindachner (1876). No obstante, durante California, U.S.A. muchos años la mayoría de los pricipales cuerpos de agua - FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, han permanecido inexplorados, y las cifras de riqueza de Illinois, U.S.A. Biota Colombiana 7 (1), 2006 56- Peces de la Amazonia, Colombia Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo - IAvH-P: Colección de Peces dulceacuícolas, Instituto - UMMZ: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva, Ann Arbor, U.S.A. Boyacá, Colombia. - USNM: National Museum of Natural History, - ICNMHN: Unidad de Ictiología, Instituto de Ciencias Washington D.C., U.S.A. Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, - ZMA: Zoologisches Museum, Universiteit van Bogotá, Colombia. Amsterdam, Holanda. - IUQ: Ictiología Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, - ZMB: Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt-Universität, Colombia. Berlín, Alemania. - MCZ: Museum of Compartive Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. - MHNG: Muséum d´Histoire Naturelle, Génove, Suiza. El listado de especies sigue la clasificación taxonómica de - MNRJ: Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Reis et al. (2003), donde las familias se encuentran en orden Brasil. sistemático y los géneros y especies de cada familia y - MZUSP: Museo de Zoologia Universidade de São Paulo, subfamilia están listados alfabéticamente. La validez de São Paulo, Brasil. todos los géneros y especies citadas se corroboró a través - NMW: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria. de cuatro fuentes principales: i) Reis et al. (2003); ii Frose & - NRM: Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Pauly (2006, ww.fishbase.org); iii) consulta con especialistas; Suecia. iv) revisiones recientes de grupos específicos: Albert & - ROM: Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada. Crampton (2003), Armbruster (2003, 2004, 2005), Bockmann - SMF: Senckenberg-Museum, Frankfurt am Main, & Ferraris Jr. (2005), Castro & Vari (2004), Crampton et al. Alemania. (2005), Ferraris Jr. et al. (2005), Hrbek et al. (2005), López- - SU: Stanford University (ahora en CAS), U.S.A. Fernández & Winemiller (2003), Lundberg & Akama (2005), - UBJTLMM: Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Malabarba (2004), Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert (2003), Museo del Mar, Bogotá, Colombia. Parisi et al. (2006), Reis et al. (2005), Sabaj (2005), Vari et al. - UF: Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, (2005), Vari & Ferraris Jr. (2006), Zanata & Toledo-Piza (2004) Florida, U.S.A. y Zanata & Lima (2005). Fishes of the Amazon river basin in Colombia Juan David Bogotá-Gregory and Javier Alejandro Maldonado-Ocampo Key words: Fishes, Amazonia, Amazonas, Colombia Introduction The Amazon Basin covers about 6.8 million depending on author. (Gery 1999, Val & Almeida 1995, square kilometers. The Amazon River, the basin’s major Goulding 1999, Henderson & Robertson 1999). tributary, has a length of approximately 6,000 to 7,800 km. Nonetheless, Reis et al. (2003) lists 1,033 species, and the A large part of the Amazon Basin receives a mean of between Catalog of Fishes of the California Academy of Sciences 1500 – 2500 mm of rain annually. The estimated discharge (updated in October 2005) includes 963 species. is some 214 million liters of water per second (Goulding et al. 2003). Eight percent of the basin corresponds to Colombia The study of the fishes of the Amazon Basin in Colombia (420.000 km2), and represents about 31% of Colombian has a long history that begins at the end of the 19th century territory (Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2005). with the work of Humboldt (1821) and Steindachner The hydrographic region of the Amazon in Colombia collects the waters of eight basins and 78 sub-basins. The principal (1876). Nonetheless, the majority of the principle bodies ones are Guainía-Negro, Vaupes, Apaporis, Caquetá, of water have been unexplored, and species richness Putumayo and Amazonas (IDEAM 2004). underestimated. Mojica (1999) registered a total of 264 species, but recently the number was raised to 583 by There have been various attempts to measure species Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo (2005). richness in the Amazon basin, and there is a wide range in Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma (in press) registered 675 the estimates of fish species at between 1,200 and 7,000, species. Biota Colombiana 7 (1), 2006 Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo Fishes of the Amazon River basin, Colombia -57 The significant increase in registered species over the Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. last five years has made this region the most species rich - NMW: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria. in Colombia, and is the result of studies and support by - NRM: Swedish Museum of Natural History, many different regional and national institutions: (Instituto Stockholm, Suecia. de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) Universidad Nacional de - ROM: Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada. Colombia, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones - SMF: Senckenberg-Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Científicas (Sinchi), Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Alemania. Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH), Fundación - SU: Stanford University (now in CAS), U.S.A. Tropenbos, Fundación Omacha and Unidad Administrativa - UBJTLMM: Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Especial de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia Museo del Mar, Bogotá, Colombia. (UAESPNN)) For a complete list of references of work - UF: Florida Museum
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