Kodacolor Gold Films
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KODAK EKTAR KODACOLOR •••1' GOLD FILMS HONORS Namic Negative
by Jack and Sue Drafahl EKTAR If you liked the first two Ektar films Ko- dak released earlier this year, then you're going to love the two newest additions to this exciting film family. Kodak just released Ektar 25 Professional, and the medium-speed Ektar 125. Both films are modeled after the first two films, qi Ektar 25 and Ektar 1000, but boast An Unqualified, \ several improvements. EKTAR 25 PROFESSIONAL FILM Categorically Loud, § The best way to describe the differ- Rave Review! \ Ektar 125 is an extremely practical film, with much wider exposure latitude than the slower 25-speed Ektars. ence between Ektar 25 and the new professional version is to use a correla- tion we sometimes give our photo stu- dents. If you went to the finest winery, and selected their top-of-the-line vin- tage, you would be selecting Ektar 25. Now, if you were to select those few bottles that were aged to absolute per- fection, then you would be selecting Ektar 25 Professional. Kodak's manufacturing plant sees to it that all Ektar 25 film must fall within the tight tolerances they set for each distinct layer of film. When the specifications on a certain emulsion are found to be a perfect match in all areas, it becomes Ektar 25 Profession- al, and is refrigerated at that point. This better-than-best film is recom- mended for the professional photogra- pher demanding large enlargements from a 35mm negative. The serious 80 PHOTOgraphic/September 1989 EKTAR its exposure latitude than Kodak's Ko- dacolor Gold films. -
Film Grain, Resolution and Fundamental Film Particles
FFFiiilllmmm GGGrrraaaiiinnn,,, RRReeesssooollluuutttiiiooonnn aaannnddd FFFuuunnndddaaammmeennntttaaalll FFFiiilllmmm PPPaaarrrtttiiicccllleeesss Version 9 March 2006 Tim Vitale © 2006 use by permission only 1 Introduction 1 2 Fundamental Film Particles – Silver-Halide 0.2 - 2.0 um 3 Feature Size and Digital Resolution: Data Table 1 4 Dye Clouds are the Fundamental Particles Color Film 6 3 Film Grain 6 Dye Clouds are the Film Grain in Color Film 6 Film Grain in Black-and-White Film 7 Cross-Section of Film 9 Grain Size Variability 9 RMS Granularity – Film Image Noise 9 RMS Granularity of Several Films: Data Table 2 10 Film Resolution – Sharpness 10 System Resolving Power Equation 12 Lens Issues Effecting Resolution 12 Film Issues Effecting Resolution 12 Evaluation a System: Camera, Lens and Film 13 Selected Film & Lens Resolution Data: Data Table 3 13 Camera System Resolving Power: Data Table 4 14 Measuring Film Grain 14 Print Grain Index 14 Size of Perceived Film Grain: Example 15 Size Domains for Enlargement & Magnification: Data Table 5 15 Maximum Resolution of a Microscope: Data Table 6 16 4 Eliminating Film Grain from an Image 18 Drum Scan Aperture 18 Feature size vs. Digital Resolution vs. Film: Data Table 7 19 Scan Resolution in Flatbed Scanning 19 Wet Mounting for Film Scanning 20 New Generation of Flatbed Scanners 21 Future Generation of Scanners – Epson Perfection V750-M 23 Software for Diminishing Film Grain 24 1 Introduction The purpose of this complex essay is to demonstrate the following: • Fundamental film particles (silver -
Cognition: the Limit to Organization Change; a Case Study of Eastman Kodak
COGNITION: THE LIMIT TO ORGANIZATION CHANGE; A CASE STUDY OF EASTMAN KODAK A THESIS Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Economics and Business The Colorado College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts By Noah Simon April 2011 COGNITION: THE LIMIT TO ORGANIZATION CHANGE; A CASE STUDY OF EASTMAN KODAK Noah Simon April 2011 LAS: Leadership Abstract The following thesis examines an incumbent firm affected by change. It seeks to deepen the understanding of the dynamic capabilities model by proposing cognition and not previous resource deployment is the limit of change. Two similar companies, Eastman Kodak and Polaroid will be compared during the shift from film to digital photography to determine what separated the two companies. KEYWORDS: (Organizational cognition, dynamic capabilities, path dependency, cognition, perception) TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Dynamic Capabilities...................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 How does a company survive?.............................................................. 7 2.1.2 What are the effects of core competencies?.......................................... 8 2.1.3 How are established companies affected by change?........................... 9 2.2 The Cognitive Perspective.............................................................................. 10 2.2.1 What does a path dependency mean for the individual?....................... 10 2.2.2 What -
Kodakery; Vol. 6, No. 34; Aug. 26, 1948
KODAK COMPANY Vol. 6, No. 34 Copyr ight 1948 by Eastman Kod ak Com pany, Rochester, N.Y. August 26. 1948 Prince 'Shoots' Olympic Eventj Company Lists 3 New Models In l(odak Tourist Camera Line Bodies Pattern ed After Rugged Oriainal ~ Three new m odels of the K odak T ourist Camera - K oda k's n ew strea mlined folding camera - are a n nounced by the Compa ny. T hey are the K odak T ourist f/ 6.3 Cam era, the Kodak Tourist f/8.8 Cam era and the Kodak T ourist Ca mera with K odet Lens. These three additions to t he K odak Tour ist Camera line are patterned a fter the origina l m odel, the K odak Tourist Came ra with K oda k Anaston f/4.5 Le ns, a n nounced last May . Basic d iffer ences in t he cameras are in t he le nses and shutters. Many Features Like t he ir more expensive pred ecessor, the new m odels a re styled around a rugged, cast a luminum body ; removable back ; Kodadur fin ish, a nd d ura ble Tenite top trim. T hey have the same built-in shut Another Tourist_ Mary Flaherty of Dept: 75 a t Camera Works ter release, enclosed e y e - I e v e 1 brushes lens and mountings on the new Kodak viewfinder a nd ·built-in fl ash syn Tourist f/ 6.3 Camera, now in production. It' s one of three new models. chronization. -
Kodak Movie News; Vol. 10, No. 4; Winter 1962-63
PUBLISHED BY EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY W I N T E R 1 9 6 2- 6 3 KODAK MOVIE NEWS Q. I have a roll of KODACHROME Film in my 8mm camera that has been exposed on the first half. I've LETTERS TO lost the carton the film came in and I forgot whether I have KODACHROME or KODACHROME II Film . And I'm not sure whether it's Daylight Type or Type A. Is THE EDITOR there any way I can tell? Mr. C. B., Nashville, Tenn. Comments: I thought you might be interested in an unusual sequence I shot recently. I observed a big snapping turtle come into my yard and, knowing that she was going to dig a hole and lay her eggs, I loaded my camera and took some wonderful shots. I watched the eggs, and 3½ months later when they started to hatch, I made shots of the baby turtles coming out of the eggs and learning to walk. Later I made appropri· ate titles, and came up with what I call a creditable color movie. Mrs. B. E. C., Moorestown, N.J. A. Yes. Take a look at the end of your film. If it's Your seasonal titles are more helpful now that you KODACHROME Fi lm, you will see the legend "KOD print them sideways. At least mine were not creased. HALF EXP " punched through the film ind icating Day- Mr. L. G. P., Philadelphia, Pa. light Type, or " KOD A HALF EXP" if it's Type A. If your roll is KODACHROME II Film, th ere will be Please continue to publish seasonal titles. -
KODACOLOR RDTG Series Inks Datasheet
KODACOLOR RDTG Series Inks High performance with mid/high viscosity inks KODACOLOR RDTG Series System Qualiied Piezo-electric Print Heads The KODACOLOR RDTG Series inks from Kodak FUJI STARFIRE, RICOH GEN 4, RICOH GEN 5 & were speciically developed for direct-to-fabric RICOH GH2220. Formulated with best in class printing on cotton, cotton blends, and polyester components selected to provide market leading, fabrics. They are equally at home when used industrial performance. for printing directly to inished garments or to roll fabrics. This water-based digital ink system is designed to work in printers that employ 14 piezo-electric print heads. Although designed RDTG Viscosity Proile for use in production printing, it is suitable for 12 high quality sampling and strike offs. 10 KODAK RDTG Series performs to the highest level of nozzle performance among Print Heads 8 requiring mid-high viscosity inks. 6 Fabric Pre-Treats The KODACOLOR Pre-Treats are formulated (mPas) Viscosity 4 exclusively for the KODACOLOR EDTG & RDTG Ink Sets to produce the highest quality image 2 and excellent durability in wash-fastness. The 0 three types of Pre-Treat cover the gamut of 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 garments available, from 100% Cotton Dark to Temperature (deg C) White Polyesters. RCDGT RMDGT RYDGT RKDGT RWDGT Powered by KODACOLOR Technology KODACOLOR RDTG Series Inks Micrographs of dot formation KODAK RDTG Series mid-high viscosity Ink set printed through a RICOH GEN 5 Print Head Cyan Black RDTG Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity -
Color and False-Color Films for Aerial Photography
Color and False-Color Films for Aerial Photography RATFE G. TARKINGTON and ALLAN L. SOREM Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company Rochester, N. Y. ABSTRACT: Color reproduction by the photographic process using three primary colors is discussed, and the 11se of these photographic and optical principles for false-color reproduction is explained. The characteristics of two new aerial films-Kodak Ektachrome Aero Film (Process E-3) and a false-color type, Kodak Ektachrome Infrared Aero Film (Process E-3)-are compared with those of the older products they replace. The new films have higher speed, im proved definition, and less granularity. OPULAR processes of color photography are KODAK EKTACHROME AERO FILM (PROCESS E-3) P based upon the facts that (1) the colors perceived by the human eye can be produced BLUE SENSITIVE YELLOW POSITIVE IMAGE by mixtures of only three suitably chosen =====::::==l=====~=~=~~[M~ colors called primaries; (2) photographic GREEN SENSITIVE MAGENTA POSITIVE IMAGE emulsions can be made to respond selectively REO SENSITIVE CYAN POSITIVE IMAGE to each of these three colors; and (3) chemical reactions exist which can produce three in dividual colorants, each capable of absorbing FIG. 1. Schematic representation of a essentially only one of the chosen primary multilayer color film. colors. Although theory imposes no single unique set of three primary colors, in prac in a scene, but the results obtained with tice the colors chosen are those produced by modern color photographic materials are re light from successive thirds of the visible markably realistic representations of the spectrum: red, green, and blue. When these original scene. -
The Retina Reflex Guide
by mischa koning kodak.3106.net > index manuals information The Retina Reflex Guide These web-pages have been scanned and converted from a photocopy of the "Focal Press" publication "Retina Reflex Guide", 1970 edition. There may be reference to "current" and "discontinued" models. Obviously all Retina cameras are now long discontinued, but For ease of editing if nothing else, all the original text has been retained. The original book was divided into two sections, effectively an overview and a "green pages" section covering specific models in more detail. I've not bothered with a green background to these pages, but hopefully I will have included links where appropriate to the relevant text. Similarly, page-number references; as I've included each sub- section of the book on one web-page, original page number references have been linked to the new layout. Table of Contents The Retina Reflex The Winding and Release Sequence Retina Reflex Evolution Handling the Retina Reflex Handling, Winding and Trimming the Film Films and Filters Exposure Using an Exposure Meter Flash with the Retina Reflex Using Alternative Lenses The Retina Reflex IV The Retina Reflex III The Retina Reflex and Retina Reflex S The Retina Reflex Retina Reflex Lenses Accessories Facts, Figures and Tables The Retina Reflex The Retina Reflex is an eye-level 35 mm. reflex camera with interchangeable lenses for all general photography as well as technical work, copying, photomicrography, stereo photography, etc. In many of these fields the ground-glass screen is a distinct advantage. The camera takes normal 35 mm. perforated film and produces a negative size 24x36 mm.(1 x 1½ in.). -
The Cine-Kodak News; May 1931; Vol. 7, No. 12
softly diffused ... ideal fo r close-ups ... Kodalite, Model B, simplifies indoor movie making AvAILABLE in one-, two- and three- including stand and cord, is priced at light units, Kodalite, Model B, $15; the two-light unit at $27.50. A makes it surprisingly easy for the am- complete outfit, including single and ateur movie maker to get satisfactory double units with carrying case, costs illumination for his indoor pictures. $50. The 500-watt lamp is sold sepa- Technical knowledge of lighting is no rately, at $4.85 (available in three longer a necessary factor. voltages- 100, ll0 and llS). No diffuser is needed with Kodalite, Your Cine-Kodak dealer will be glad Model B. Its scientifically designed re- to point out to you the many interest- flector throws a broad-angle, uniform ing features of the Model B Kodalite. flood of light. The illumination is He'll explain its practical application smooth and even . .. so softly diffused as to indoor movie making- a field that to make it ideal for close-ups. offers many attractive opportunities to Model B' s telescoping s rand is quickly the owner of a movie outfit. and easily set up or taken down. The lamp itself is adjustable in any direc- tion. It is equipped with a handle for holding or carrying the light in any Kodnlite, Model B. Single unit with special position that may be desired . stand and cord, $1 5. The single-unit Kodalite, Model B, The CINE-KODAK News Published Monthly in th e Interests of Amateur Motion Pictures b v th e Eastman Kodok Company, Rochester, N . -
14. Envelopes and Sleeves for Films and Prints
485 The Permanence and Care of Color Photographs Chapter 14 14. Envelopes and Sleeves for Films and Prints Envelopes, sleeves, and other enclosures for long-term Recommendations storage of photographs must meet three fundamental re- quirements: Enclosure Materials: 1. The design of an enclosure — and the surface charac- • Recommended: Uncoated transparent polyester teristics of the materials used to make it — must not (e.g., DuPont Mylar D and ICI Melinex 516). Also cause scratches and abrasion to films and prints during suitable are uncoated polypropylene (e.g., Her- cules T500 film) and certain nonbuffered 100% storage and use. This requirement is not met by most cotton fiber papers (e.g., Atlantis Silversafe Pho- currently available photographic enclosures because it tostore). Probably satisfactory is high-density is necessary to slide films and prints against the enclo- polyethylene (recommended as the best avail- sure material during insertion and removal. able low-cost material for amateur photofinishing applications). 2. Materials and adhesives used to make the enclosures must not be hygroscopic (attracting moisture from the • Should be avoided: Low-density polyethylene surrounding air), nor contain any chemicals that could (e.g., Print File, Vue-All, and Clear File notebook cause, or contribute to, fading or staining of black-and- pages and sleeves); cellulose acetate (e.g., Kodak white or color photographs during the intended storage Transparent Sleeves); polyvinyl chloride [PVC] period. In museum collections, most photographs -
The Effect of Radiation on Selected Photographic Film
NASA/TP--2000-210193 The Effect of Radiation on Selected Photographic Film Richard Slater L ymton B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058-3690 ,lohn Kinard L vndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058-3696 Ivan Firsov Energia Space Corporation Moscow, Russia NASA/ENERGIA Joint Film Test October 2000 The NASA STI Program Office ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. the advancement of aeronautics and space Collected papers from scientific and science. The NASA Scientific and Technical technical conferences, symposia, Information (STI) Program Office plays a key seminars, or other meetings sponsored or part in helping NASA maintain this important co-sponsored by NASA. role. SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by technical, or historical information from Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA programs, projects, and missions, NASA's scientific and technical information. The often concerned with subjects having NASA STI Program Office provides access to the substantial public interest. NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- The Program Office is also NASA's institutional language translations of foreign scientific mechanism for disseminating the resuhs of its and technical material pertinent to research and development activities. These NASA's mission. results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following Specialized services that complement the STI report types: Program Office's diverse offerings include creating custom thesauri, building customized TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of databases, organizing and publishing research completed research or a major significant results .. -
KODAK MILESTONES 1879 - Eastman Invented an Emulsion-Coating Machine Which Enabled Him to Mass- Produce Photographic Dry Plates
KODAK MILESTONES 1879 - Eastman invented an emulsion-coating machine which enabled him to mass- produce photographic dry plates. 1880 - Eastman began commercial production of dry plates in a rented loft of a building in Rochester, N.Y. 1881 - In January, Eastman and Henry A. Strong (a family friend and buggy-whip manufacturer) formed a partnership known as the Eastman Dry Plate Company. ♦ In September, Eastman quit his job as a bank clerk to devote his full time to the business. 1883 - The Eastman Dry Plate Company completed transfer of operations to a four- story building at what is now 343 State Street, Rochester, NY, the company's worldwide headquarters. 1884 - The business was changed from a partnership to a $200,000 corporation with 14 shareowners when the Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company was formed. ♦ EASTMAN Negative Paper was introduced. ♦ Eastman and William H. Walker, an associate, invented a roll holder for negative papers. 1885 - EASTMAN American Film was introduced - the first transparent photographic "film" as we know it today. ♦ The company opened a wholesale office in London, England. 1886 - George Eastman became one of the first American industrialists to employ a full- time research scientist to aid in the commercialization of a flexible, transparent film base. 1888 - The name "Kodak" was born and the KODAK camera was placed on the market, with the slogan, "You press the button - we do the rest." This was the birth of snapshot photography, as millions of amateur picture-takers know it today. 1889 - The first commercial transparent roll film, perfected by Eastman and his research chemist, was put on the market.