DOCUMENT RESUME ED 350 135 RC 018 816 AUTHOR Griffiths, Curt Taylor, Ed. TITLE Self-Sufficiency in Northern Justice Issues. Proceedings of the Northern Justice Society Meeting (5th, Sitka, Alaska, April 1991). INSTITUTION Northern Justice Society, Burnaby (British Columbia).; Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby (British Columbia). REPORT NO ISBN-0-86491-129-7 PUB DATE 92 NOTE 413p. AVAILABLE FROM Northern Justice Society, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada ($36 each; 10 or more, 207.. reduction). PUB TYPE Books (010) Collected Works Conference Proceedings (021) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Alaska Natives; American Indians; *Canada Natives; *Community Services; Eskimos; Foreign Countries; Indigenous Populations; Justice; Juvenile Justice; Law Enforcement; *Law Related Education; Legal Aid; *Self Determination; Youth IDENTIFIERS Alaska; Canada; *Greenland; Tribal Government ABSTRACT As indigenous peoples in the Arctic move closer to sovereignty, self-sufficiency in the realm of criminal justice assumes paramount importance. This book outlines initiatives and strategies to improve the delivery of justice services to aboriginal peoples in Canada, Alaska, and Greenland. Topics include: social and spiritual causes of alcoholism and alcohol abuse among Alaska Natives; the indigenous understanding of self-government, based on traditional values; evolution of self-government among the Carrier tribe of British Columbia, and comparisons with tribal government structures in Alaska Native villages; the Dene Justice Project and traditional Dene methods of social control; a community-based system of justice on the Sandy Lake Reserve, Ontario (Canada); the struggle of the Metis people for recognition; history and practices of the Greenland justice system; Native policing programs in Alberta (Canada) and Greenland; community centers for legal services and legal education; the role of Native courtworkers; the province and tribal courts; a spirituality-based model for mediation and conflict resolution; maximizing community involvement in the juvenile justice system; a Junior Achievement program for community youth or young offenders; specialized foster family care; interpersonal violence and youth suicide among Greenland Inuit; family violence; the Sitka (Alaska) Alliance for Health; and writing skills for community-based justice administrators. (SV) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EMS are tne best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL IN OTHER THAN PAPER COPY HASBEEN GRANTED BY \l/114311- CiAA&S TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" U.S. DIPANVIMMINT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement ED ONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (EMI his document 44 beenreproduced as received from Ih person ororganization originating it 0 Minor changes have beenmade to improve reproductionOulhty Fonts of view or opinions stated inthus docu mint do not necessarily representofficial OEM position or policy SELFSUFFICIENCY to IN NORTHERN JUSTICE ISSUES BEST COPY AVAILMIE SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN NORTHERN JUSTICE ISSUES A Publication of The Northern Justice SocietyTM and Simon Fraser University Edited by Curt Taylor Griffiths 3 This volume is a publication of The Northern Justice Societyand Simon Fraser University, which protect the copyright for the volume. Self-Sufficiency in Northern Justice Issues © 1992, Simon Fraser University for The Northern Justice SocietyTM All rights reserved. Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Printed and bound by Kromar Printing Limited, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Main entry under title: Self-sufficiency in northern justice issues Based on materials from and presented in the workshops and short courses at the fifth meeting of the Northern Justice Society held in Sitka, Alaska, April 1991. ISBN 0-86491-129-7 Cover design: Jac lynne Campbell, Simon Fraser University, This publication was typeset on an Apple® Macintosh 1104 using Aldus Page Maker® 4.01. Final camera-ready impressions were output on an Apple® Laserwriter Plus Tm. Page layout and design by Patricia Good, Texada Type, Box 63, Gillies Bay, BC, Canada, VON 1 WO. Telephone or fax: (604) 486-7545. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Northern Justice SocietyBoard of Directors would like to recognize and express its gratitude to the many individuals and organizations that contributed ideas and resources to the Fifth Northern Conference held in Sitka, Alaska in April 1991. In the workshops, short courses, and special presentations held throughout the week, participants from Canada, Alaska, and Greenland shared their experiences, expertise, and creativity and provided the materials ,hat have been included in this edited volume. The success of the program was due in large measure to the ongoing support of the Department of Justice, Canada, specifically that of Mr Dan Prefontaine, Assistant Deputy Minister, Policy and Planning. Special thanks goes also to the Ministry of Solicitor General, Canada, for its ongoing involvement and counsel through Daryl Webber, Senior Policy Analyst. In addition, the strong participation by individuals from First Nations and provincial, federal, and territorial agencies and communities has ensured that the very best in new research and initiatives in northern justice programming are presented at the Northern Conference and presented inits publication. Finally, a debt of gratitude is owed to the School of Criminology and to Continuing Studies at Simon Fraser University for continuing to provide an educational base for The Northern Justice SocietyTm . The Board of Directors of The Northern Justice SocietyTM has designed this publication to be of use to all those involved in the development and delivery of justice services in northern and rural areas of Canada, Alaska, and Greenland and it is to their tireless efforts that this volume is dedicated. Margit Nance Director, Public Policy Programs Continuing Studies Simon Fraser University and Executive Director The Northern Justice SocietyTM PREFACE As indigenous peoples in the northern and rural areas of Canada and the circumpolar north move ever closer to self-government and sovereignty, self- sufficiency in the realm of criminal justice assumes paramount importance. This resource publication is based on the materials presented in workshops and short courses during the fifth meeting of The Northern Justice Society"' held in Sitka, Alaska, April 1991. The meetings, the first ever of The Northern Justice Society to be held in the state of Alaska, brought together a wide range of participants from Canada, Greenland, and Alaska to consider initiatives designed to improve the delivery of justice services to aboriginal peoples. The underlying theme of the discussions was the potential of self- sufficiency in the justice area and the strategies which both personnel working in the criminal justice system and indigenous communities, organizations, and individuals can use to facilitate this process. While space limitations have necessitated the editing of large amounts of materials and ideas presented in Sitka, it is hoped that both the spirit and the substance of the discussions which took place have been retained in this volume. Following some of the sections, there is a listing of selected resource readings related to the topics discussed. All of these materials are available from The Northern Justice SocietyResource Centre, located in the School of Criminology at Simon Fraser University. Readers of this volume are urged to make use of the extensive collection of published and limited-distribution materials relating to northern and indigenous justice issues which are housed in the Resource Centre and which are also accessible to northern communities and agencies by computer link. Please note that the opinions and ideas expressed by the participants who appear in this resource publication are their own and do not necessarily represent the policies and position of The Northern Justice SocietyThi, its Board of Directors, or the agencies and organizations with which the individuals on the Board of Directors are affiliated. Curt Taylor Griffiths, PhD Professor and Director The Northern Justice SocietyTh Resource Centre Simon Fraser University V 6 ABOUT THE NORTHERN JUSTICE SOCIETYTm The Northern Justice SocietyTM (previously The Northern ConferenceTm), is an education and information network for individuals and organizations involved in the delivery of justice services across the north. The Society was established on one key premise: that those directly affected by the administration of justice in the north must be directly involved in practicable policies that can bring about effective solutions to the particular justice and social problems in their communities. In the broadest terms, the society serves northerners, and Native northerners in particular, in Canada, Alaska, and Greenland. More specifically, the society seeks to foster communication and understanding amongst professionals, paraprofessionals, community groups, and community representatives who share a concern for developing and enhancing community-based justice services and for increasing the responsiveness and relevance of existing services. Program information can be obtained from The Northern Justice SocietyTM Office, c/o Continuing Studies, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia