DOCSLIB.ORG

Anomura: Porcellanidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anomura: Porcellanidae) Observations of the Reproductive Cycle of Petrolisthes Title japonicas (de Haan) (Anomura: Porcellanidae) Author(s) Nakasone, Yukio 琉球大学理工学部紀要. 理学編 = Bulletin of Science & Citation Engineering Division, University of Ryukyus. Mathematics & natural sciences(15): 127-135 Issue Date 1972-03-01 URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/23471 Rights 127 Observations of the Reproductive Cycle of Petrolisthes japonicus (de Haan) (Anornura: Porcellanidae) Yukio NAKASONE* Summary The reproductive cycle of Petrolisthes japonicus (de Haan) was studied in Fukuoka during 1966-67. 1) The ovigerous females were found in the crab population from the end of May to the beginning of November. The reproductive season was approximately fi ve months. 2) The females of the species produced three broods per year and the egg deposition occurred at every about six weeks during the reproductive season. The females had ova which will produce fourth brood., but their ova were not able to develop into eggs, probably because of low water temperature and were absorbed. 3) The start of maturity in the females occurred at about 4.1 mm in carapace length, although a single ovigerous female (3. 3mrn) less th.ln i.1 mm was found in the samples. Ovigerous females ranged from 3.8 to 8.5 mm in carapace length and from 30 to 381 in the number of eggs. 4) The females of the species may incubate in a year after hatching, Introduction The reproductive cycles of porcellanid crabs have been reported by some workers. Petrolisthes cinctipes from California reproduced throughout almost the entire year (Boolootian et al.) I,> Petrolisthes eriomerus found in Puget Sound, Washington had two broods of eggs during the reproductive season(Knudsen)2). Petrolisthes e/ongatus, which is common in New Zealand, reproduced throughout the year (Greenwood),3) while Wear') suggested that the most females of the species occurred at least two broods· of eggs per year. Petrolisthes japonicus (de Haan) (lap. nam. Iso-Kanidamashi) is one of the most common porcellanid crabs in Japan and the adults are usually found under stones in the intertidal zone. The reproductive cycle of the species is not known, but MiyakeS) stated that the ovigerous females were found in July and August. This paper is a record of field observations on the reproductive cycle of Iso-Kanidamashi. Materials and Methods The samples used in this study were captured by hand from under stones in the intertidal zone of Tsuyazaki, which is shown in Fig. 1, Fukuoka Prl,!fecture. All samples used for the annual reproductive cycle were several times collected from the Recei ved: Sept. 30, 1971 *General Education Division, University of the Ryukyus. 128 NAKASONE: Observations of the Reproductive Cycle of Pelrolislhes japonicus (de Hu n) (Anomura:Porcelianidae) Fig. 1. Showing stony shore exposed at low tide. Tsuyazakl. Pukuoka. population or thCl above locality monthly over a year f rom June 1966 10 May 1967 aDd they were preserved in 50/0 forma lin. Females arc easi ly distinguished by the presence of the g~nita l opening on the coxa of second wa lking leg. ~easurements were made with a .pai~ of dividers ~n d a ruler. Carapace le.ng th was measured from t he tip of the rostrum to the posterior margin. The size of eggs was measured using all-purpose projector. Ova described in this paper indicated those that had been able to confirm them under a low power binocular microscope and they were not observed histologically. The number of eggs removed from pleopods was counted with a counter. Result. and DIKussion Number of females collected monthly and its size ra nge, percentage of ovigerous females and size of the smallest ovigerous female, a nd size of the smallest female with ova are gi ven in Table 1. During the period frofY) April to November 1966, female crabs collected at each time of the survey were distinguished into four types, such as (1) non-ovigerous females with o va, (2) ovigerous females without ova, (3) ovigerous females with ova, (4) females with prehatch eggs a ttached 10 the pleopods. The results are shown in Fig. 2. Egg deposition began toward the end of May and increased rapidly unt il about July 20, when over 93.5% of females had ellS attached to the pleopods. AI the middle of August, the ovigerous females somewhat decreased and showed 79.6%. The percenlage of the ovigerous females during the period from about August 20 to the end of September showed an approximately steady peak. though the most high peak was 92 .0% at the middle of September, and then the percentage of the ovigerous females decrea~ed rap idly and came to almost zero in Ihe fi rst weekof·November. Thedaia' Sullest "tha t the rep'roductive sei$on ' c~ntinues from June 10 October in the populalie:n, L c-, approximately rive months. The field records Bull, Sciences '" Engineering Div" Univ, of the Ryukyus, (Math, &; Nat, Sci,) 129 Table I, Showing number of females, size range, percentage of ovigerous females., the smalJe~t size of females, and sex ratio in the samples of PetTolisthes japonicus collected monthly at Tsuyazaki" from June 1966 to May 1961. Month No, of Size range % of Size of Size of females (in mm) ovig, ~ smallest smallest ¥ examined ovig, ~ with ova (I n mm) (in mm) 1966 June 180 2,8-8.5 31,1 '.7 '.7 1/1,1 July 405 3,5-8,3 83.7 3.8 '.4 1/ 1,1 Aug, 313 4.3-7.8 77 ,3 '.3 4.1 1/1,7 Sept, 679 4. 3-8.3 82,2 '.3 '.3 1/2.1 Oct, ". 4.1-8.3 21,6 '.7 5.1 1/1,4 Nov. 618 3.1-8.0 0.2 6.' 6.2 1/ 1.5 0.,. 302 3.3-7.6 o o o 1/1.6 1967 Jan. 654 2.1-7.8 o o o 1/1,3 Feb, 396 2.9-7.6 o o o 1/1.4 Mar, 71. 2,8-7.8 o o o 1/1.7 Apr, 869 2.5-8.1 o o 5.2 1/2.3 Mo, 73. 3.1-1,9 0.5 6.6 4.1 1/1.8 from about July 10 to the end of September showed t hat between 80 and 93% of the females were reproductively active (Pig, 2) . During the reproductive season 2020 ovigerous females were captured. 1729 of them (about 85010 ) had ova which were large and bright orange. This supports the idea that t wo or more broods may be produced by the females in the population during the reproductive season. Fig. 2 shows the season of egg deposition or hatching for fi rst, second, and third broods as far as the data will permit, '00 f ~ ," ".. f ~ < ,... Fig. 2. Reproductive cycle of Petrolisthes japonicu$. Ts uyazaki. Fukuoka, 1966. As shown in Fig. 2. non-ovigerous females began havi ng ova early in April and reached the peak on May 25 and then came to nearly zero at the midd le of July. Egg deposition for the first brood began toward the end of May and continued until about July 20, when a large number of females (about 93%) were in berry. At this 130 NAKASONE: Observations of the Reproductive Cycle of Petrolisthes japonicus (de Haan) (Anomura: Porcellanidae) time over 58% of the ovigerous females had prehatch eggs. Eye pigment of the embryo of the first brood became visible at about June 20, when a few ovigerous females again began having ova which will produce the second brood. The ovigerous females with second brood of ova showed a minimum value of 23% at the middle of July. In the early part of July, a fact that the ovigerous females with second brood of ova decreased and the ovigerous females without ova increased suggests that some individuals begin the hatching of the first brood of eggs. But, a large number of individuals begin the hatching after July 20, for a sharp falling-off in the percentage of individuals with prehatch eggs is noticed, and continues until about the middle of August. Judging from the fact that ova within the ovaries of females bearing the first brood of eggs showed a considerable degree of maturity, it seems that the egg deposition of the second brood occurs very shortly after the hatching of the first brood begins and that time is probably about the middle of July. That is, the egg deposition of the second brood begins about the middle of July. The peak of females bearing the second brood of eggs is evident at about August 20, when over 84% of the ovigerous females also had ovaries swollen with large bright orange ova which Oct. 5 ~ l l- • 10 • I L I 1 Sept. - - ~ 20 - <IS > J I 0 - -9 10 I ·i - J Aug. n -; - I 1 8 .d.... G) CI '- 10 ~ 0 '- I Jul. 0 ~ I ~ Q) bO I L- <IS d G) I- () 10 '"'G) Jun. ~ ~ I I I 10 I- ---I May l- I .- I 5 I- Apr. , L I t • • • • I .~ 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.9 6.3 6.7 7.1 7.S 7.9 Carapace length (mm) Fig. 3. Size distribution of females bearing ova collected from the crab population at Tsuyazaki from June 1966 to May 1967. Bull. Sciences &. Engineering Div., Univ. of the R)'uk)'us.{Math. &. Nat. Sci.) 131 22 18 - - 2 J ~ 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.9 6.3 6.7 7.1 7.5 7.9 8.3 Carapace length (mm) Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stimulation of Filter Feeding by Amino Acids in Three Porcelain Crab Species: Petrolisthes Cinctipes, Petrolisthes Eriomerus, and Pachycheles Rudis
    Stimulation of filter feeding by amino acids in three porcelain crab species: Petrolisthes cinctipes, Petrolisthes eriomerus, and Pachycheles rudis Sarah Green Exploratory 2, Adaptations ofMarine Mammals, Prof. Charlie Hunter Oregon Institute ofMarine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon 97420 Introduction Petrolisthes cinctipes, a species ofporcelain crab, is commonly found in the higher to mid-intertidal zones ofthe rocky shores ofOregon (Wicksten, 1973). Petrolisthes eriomerus and Pachycheles rudis, the other two species ofporcelain crab found on the Oregon coast can be found in the low intertidal zone. All three species can be found under rocks and among mussels in mussel beds (Sept, 1999). The three species ofporcelain crab filter feed, fanning plankton and detritus (Petrolisthes cinctipes and Pachycheles rudis) from the water, or pelagic diatoms, benthic diatoms, and green algal filaments from the water (Petrolisthes eriomerus) (MagGinite, 1937; Wicksten, 1973). The mechanics offilter feeding in porcelain crabs has been thoroughly documented by Wicksten (1973). Food particles can be trapped by alternately flexing the endopodites ofthe third maxillapeds. The food particles are then removed from the setae on the third maxillapeds by the setose ends ofthe second maxillapeds. Food particles are then selected and sorted by the inner mouth parts. Little research has been reported on compounds promoting feeding behavior in porcelain crabs. L-tyrosine has been shown to elicit a feeding response in Petrolisthes cinctipes, as have other amino acids. As there are no particles in the water when testing an amino acid, chemoreception ofsmall compounds must stimulate the feeding response (Hartman et aI., 1977). I hypothesize that the stimulation ofthe feeding response in Petrolisthes cinctipes, Petrolisthes eriomerus, and Pachycheles rudis will differ in response to various amino acids because ofthe their location in the intertidal.
    [Show full text]
  • 109 Annotated Checklist Of
    THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Supplement No. 23: 109–129 Date of Publication: 31 Oct.2010 © National University of Singapore ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF ANOMURAN DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE WORLD (EXCLUSIVE OF THE KIWAOIDEA AND FAMILIES CHIROSTYLIDAE AND GALATHEIDAE OF THE GALATHEOIDEA) PART II – PORCELLANIDAE Masayuki Osawa Research Center for Coastal Lagoon and Environments, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan Email: [email protected] Patsy A. McLaughlin Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, 1900 Shannon Point Road, Anacortes, WA 98221-4042, USA Email: hermit@fi dalgo.net INTRODUCTION Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825 = Porcellaniens H. Milne Edwards, 1837 Ng et al. (2008) and McLaughlin et al. (this volume) referred = Porcellaniadae Randall, 1840 to the “windows” to the literature and the “springboards” for = Porcellanodea Henderson 1888 associating species with their scientifi c names that provided = Porcellainea Holmes, 1900 the foundations for subsequent brachyuran, paguroid and lithodoid research. For the porcellanids, one treatise in particular has provided a similar base upon which virtually all DESCRIPTIVE TERMS AND CURRENT STATUS subsequent porcellanid reports have been patterned. Despite its regional focus, Haig’s (1960) monograph of eastern General morphology. – The general body shape is crab- Pacifi c species included 87 of the 225 species estimated to like and the carapace is well calcifi ed. Regions of the dorsal be present worldwide at the time (Chace, 1951). During the integument are not usually well defi ned. The anterior margin last half century the number of genera has increased from of the carapace is produced into a short rostrum or rostral 14 prior to Haig’s (1960) monograph to 30 and the number lobe.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Analysis of Morphological, Physiological, And
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Jonathon Harris Stillman for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology presented on December 4, 1998. Title: A Comparative Analysis of Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Adaptation to Abiotic Stress in Intertidal Porcelain Crabs, Genus Petrolisthes. Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: George N. Somero Organismal tolerance to abiotic environmental stresses contributes significantly to setting the distribution limits of organisms, as demonstrated by vertical zonation patterns in the marine intertidal zone. In this thesis, the ultimate (evolutionary) and proximate (mechanistic) causes of tolerance to temperature and emersion stresses associated with the intertidal zone were examined using porcelain crabs, genus Petrolisthes. Species of Petrolisthes from intertidal and subtidal microhabitats of four biogeographic regions of the Eastern Pacific were used in phylogenetically-based comparative analyses of morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptation to environmental stress. A phylogenetic tree based on the sequence of the 16sRNA gene was developed to facilitate these analyses. Organismal thermal tolerance limits are adapted to match maximal microhabitat temperatures. Acclimation of thermal tolerance limits suggests that temperate intertidal zone species are living close to their thermal maximum in nature. Respiratory responses to emersion vary among species from different vertical zones. Experimental examination of oxygen consumption rates and lactate accumulation during emersion suggests that intertidal species are able to respire in air using thin membranous regions on the ventral meral segments of their legs (leg membranes). Leg membrane size is positively correlated with body size across species, but not within a single species. Evolutionary analyses indicate that leg membranes may not have evolved for purposes of aerial respiration, but their presence may have allowed intertidal and subtidal species to achieve larger body sizes and higher metabolic rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustacea Di Pantai Prigi Dan Pantai Popoh Selatan Jawa
    Oseana, Volume xxxvm, Nomor 4, Tabun 2013: 37-46 ISSN 0216-1877 CRUSTACEA DI PANTAI PRIGI DAN PANTAI POPOH SELATAN JAWA Oleh l)Rianta Pratlwl dan 2)lndra Aswandy ABSTRACT OBSERVATION OF CRUSTACEA FROM PRIGIAND POPOHBEACH, soum JAVA SEA. Prig; and Popoh Beach (EastJava) is located on the banks of the South of Java, facing the Indian Ocean, which has high and strong waves. The existence of marine lifes, especially crustaceans in high and strong wave areas have not been known. The aim of this study was to observe the crustacean species that can survive in the lWlVywaters. Thepresence of crustaceans ~re not vary, most oj the species can adapt to the extreme natural conditions (wavy waters). Most crustacean species (Porcellanidae, Xanthidae and Diogenidaejusually live and hide under the rocks, whiles in the mangrove areas ~re dominated by Ocypodidae, Sesarmidae and Grapsidae. PENDAHULUAN dengan laut bebas Samudera Hindia ini memang banyak meoawarkan keeksotikan keindahan Kabupaten Trenggalek yang posisinya panorama pantai, baik wisata bahari maupun berada di bagian selatan Jawa Timur, sek:itar 186 keindahan deburan ombaknya. Pantai Popob km dari Surabaya dan berbadapan langsung berbentuk teluk dan berada di ujung timur dengan Samudera Hindia memiliki baoyakpantai pegunungan Kidul. Angin laut yang tidak begitu dan berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai tempat kuat, dan keindahan gunung disekitar teluk wisata bahari. Letaknya yang berhadapan telah menjadi daya tarik utama pantai ini dengan Samudera Hindia, dan berupa teluk, (Anonim, 2012). menyimpan beragam potensi yang nampaknya Kondisi perairan yang bergelombang belum dioptimalkan. Pantai Popoh tepatnya di kuat baik di Prigi maupun di Popob merupakan pesisir Samudra Hindia, 30 kilometer sebelah tujuan utama dari tulisan ini yaitu untuk selatan kabupaten Tulungagung, adalah salah mengamati jenis-jenis crustacea yang dapat satu obyek wisata pantai yang memiliki pantai bertahan hidup di daerah perairan bergelombang berpasir dan berbatu yangjuga dijadikan sebagai energi tinggi dankuat.
    [Show full text]
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Petrolisthes Cinctipes Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Section: Anomura, Hippoidea the Flat Porcelain Crab Family: Porcellanidae
    Phylum: Arthropoda, Crustacea Petrolisthes cinctipes Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda Section: Anomura, Hippoidea The flat porcelain crab Family: Porcellanidae Taxonomy: Petrolisthes cinctipes is and has short and not reaching upper margin of been a widely used name for this species. carapace. There are, however, several junior synonyms Mouthparts: The mouth of decapod including Porcellana cinctipes, Porcellana crustaceans comprises six pairs of rupicola, and Petrolisthes rupicolus (for all appendages including one pair of mandibles synonyms see Haig 1960; Wicksten 2011). (on either side of the mouth), two pairs of maxillae and three pairs of maxillipeds. The Description maxillae and maxillipeds attach posterior to Size: Individuals up to 24 mm in length the mouth and extend to cover the mandibles (carapace width) (Puls 2001; Wicksten 2011). (Ruppert et al. 2004). Second maxillipeds in The illustrated specimen (from Coos Bay) is P. cinctipes are highly developed for filter 14 mm in length and weighs 1.7 g. feeding (see Food) with long fine hairs and Color: Dark blue-brown and somewhat specialized shape for channeling water iridescent (see Plate 20, Kozloff 1993). currents (Fig. 4). The color of the palps of Antennae dark red, maxillipeds bright red- maxilliped three are of taxonomic importance: orange and legs blue banded with white blue in P. eriomerus and orange in P. (Schmitt 1921). White comma-like marks are cinctipes (Kozloff 1993; Kuris et al. 2007). sometimes present ventrally and chelipeds Carapace: Round with carapace front bear a red spot at dactyl base, while walking triangulate (Petrolisthes, Haig 1960). legs have a yellow median band on propodus. Carapace surface is finely granulate and not Dactyls yellow with narrow brown band.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of the Decapoda with Glossary and References
    January 2011 Christina Ball Royal BC Museum An Overview of the Decapoda With Glossary and References The arthropods (meaning jointed leg) are a phylum that includes, among others, the insects, spiders, horseshoe crabs and crustaceans. A few of the traits that arthropods are characterized by are; their jointed legs, a hard exoskeleton made of chitin and growth by the process of ecdysis (molting). The Crustacea are a group nested within the Arthropoda which includes the shrimp, crabs, krill, barnacles, beach hoppers and many others. The members of this group present a wide range of morphology and life history, but they do have some unifying characteristics. They are the only group of arthropods that have two pairs of antenna. The decapods (meaning ten-legged) are a group within the Crustacea and are the topic of this key. The decapods are primarily characterized by a well developed carapace and ten pereopods (walking legs). The higher-level taxonomic groups within the Decapoda are the Dendrobranchiata, Anomura, Brachyura, Caridea, Astacidea, Axiidea, Gebiidea, Palinura and Stenopodidea. However, two of these groups, the Palinura (spiny lobsters) and the Stenopodidea (coral shrimps), do not occur in British Columbia and are not dealt with in this key. The remaining groups covered by this key include the crabs, hermit crabs, shrimp, prawns, lobsters, crayfish, mud shrimp, ghost shrimp and others. Arthropoda Crustacea Decapoda Dendrobranchiata – Prawns Caridea – Shrimp Astacidea – True lobsters and crayfish Thalassinidea - This group has recently
    [Show full text]
  • 1 §4-71-6.5 List of Restricted Animals [ ] Part A: For
    §4-71-6.5 LIST OF RESTRICTED ANIMALS [ ] PART A: FOR RESEARCH AND EXHIBITION SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME INVERTEBRATES PHYLUM Annelida CLASS Hirudinea ORDER Gnathobdellida FAMILY Hirudinidae Hirudo medicinalis leech, medicinal ORDER Rhynchobdellae FAMILY Glossiphoniidae Helobdella triserialis leech, small snail CLASS Oligochaeta ORDER Haplotaxida FAMILY Euchytraeidae Enchytraeidae (all species in worm, white family) FAMILY Eudrilidae Helodrilus foetidus earthworm FAMILY Lumbricidae Lumbricus terrestris earthworm Allophora (all species in genus) earthworm CLASS Polychaeta ORDER Phyllodocida FAMILY Nereidae Nereis japonica lugworm PHYLUM Arthropoda CLASS Arachnida ORDER Acari FAMILY Phytoseiidae 1 RESTRICTED ANIMAL LIST (Part A) §4-71-6.5 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Iphiseius degenerans predator, spider mite Mesoseiulus longipes predator, spider mite Mesoseiulus macropilis predator, spider mite Neoseiulus californicus predator, spider mite Neoseiulus longispinosus predator, spider mite Typhlodromus occidentalis mite, western predatory FAMILY Tetranychidae Tetranychus lintearius biocontrol agent, gorse CLASS Crustacea ORDER Amphipoda FAMILY Hyalidae Parhyale hawaiensis amphipod, marine ORDER Anomura FAMILY Porcellanidae Petrolisthes cabrolloi crab, porcelain Petrolisthes cinctipes crab, porcelain Petrolisthes elongatus crab, porcelain Petrolisthes eriomerus crab, porcelain Petrolisthes gracilis crab, porcelain Petrolisthes granulosus crab, porcelain Petrolisthes japonicus crab, porcelain Petrolisthes laevigatus crab, porcelain Petrolisthes
    [Show full text]
  • Fishery Bulletin/U S Dept of Commerce National Oceanic
    FEEDING, CLEANING, AND SWIMMING BEHAVIOR IN LARVAL STAGES OF PORCELLANID CRABS (CRUSTACEA: ANOMURA)' S. L. GONOR AND J. J. GONOR" ABSTRACT Pachycheles rudis, Pachycheles pubescens, Petrolisthes eriomerus, and Petrolisthes cinctipes have a swimming prezoeal stage of short duration. The prezoeal form is prob­ ably related to escapement of the larvae from the confined adult habitat. Both zoeal stages are strong swimmers, moving both forward and backwa.rd by means of the maxiilipedal exopodites, aided by the telson. Zoeae have a well-defined cleaning behavioral sequence for removal with the mouth parts of particles from the telson and the maxillipedal endopodites. The two zoeal stages are carnivorous and capture live prey upon contact but do not appear to locate prey visually. Prey are caught with the maxillipedal endopodites and held with the flexed abdomen and telson. At the molt to megalopa, the larva becomes a filter-feeding herbivore like the adult. Other adultlike behavior of the megalopa includes use of the fifth legs for cleaning and attempts by older megalopae at swimming by clapping the abdomen. Megalopae filter feed only when suspended algal food is present; water movement enhances feeding but is insufficient alone to induce feeding. At first, using their abdominal pleopods, megalopae swim continuously, later swim intermittently, and finally settle permanently if a substrate suitable for clinging is available. A large amount of information is available about throughout development. Information on food the comparative larval morphology of most and feeding is incomplete and somewhat incon­ groups of decapod Crustacea. Further under­ sistent. The detailed studies on feeding and standing of the adaptive significance of larval respiration of adults by Nicol (1932) and Knud­ morphology and its changes during larval life sen (1964) indicate that adult porcellanids are requires comparable information, now largely specialized filter feeders.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Sea Life of Southeastern Alaska a Field Guide by Aaron Baldwin & Paul Norwood
    Common Sea Life of Southeastern Alaska A field guide by Aaron Baldwin & Paul Norwood All pictures taken by Aaron Baldwin Last update 08/15/2015 unless otherwise noted. [email protected] Table of Contents Introduction ….............................................................…...2 Acknowledgements Exploring SE Beaches …………………………….….. …...3 It would be next to impossible to thanks everyone who has helped with Sponges ………………………………………….…….. …...4 this project. Probably the single-most important contribution that has been made comes from the people who have encouraged it along throughout Cnidarians (Jellyfish, hydroids, corals, the process. That is why new editions keep being completed! sea pens, and sea anemones) ……..........................…....8 First and foremost I want to thanks Rich Mattson of the DIPAC Macaulay Flatworms ………………………….………………….. …..21 salmon hatchery. He has made this project possible through assistance in obtaining specimens for photographs and for offering encouragement from Parasitic worms …………………………………………….22 the very beginning. Dr. David Cowles of Walla Walla University has Nemertea (Ribbon worms) ………………….………... ….23 generously donated many photos to this project. Dr. William Bechtol read Annelid (Segmented worms) …………………………. ….25 through the previous version of this, and made several important suggestions that have vastly improved this book. Dr. Robert Armstrong Mollusks ………………………………..………………. ….38 hosts the most recent edition on his website so it would be available to a Polyplacophora (Chitons) …………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Aerobic Metabolism and Dietary Ecology of Octopus Rubescens
    AEROBIC METABOLISM AND DIETARY ECOLOGY OF OCTOPUS RUBESCENS by KIRT L. ONTHANK A THESIS submitted to WALLA WALLA UNIVERSITY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE 10 MARCH 2008 ABSTRACT Several lines of evidence suggest that octopuses have a large impact on benthic communities through the octopuses' trophic ecology. Octopuses have a high metabolism and require substantial quantities of food in proportion to their body size. They also can be very abundant where they occur and may be more pervasive than realized due to their cryptic nature. Octopus rubescens is the most common shallow water octopus on the west coast of North America, and seems to be a likely candidate to exert considerable influence on lower trophic levels. To begin exploring this ecological role, the aim of this project was to relate prey choice of O. rubescens to energy budgeting by the species. Thirty male Octopus rubescens were collected from Admiralty Bay on Whidbey Island, Island County, WA. Energy budgets were constructed for several of these octopuses, prey preference and handling time determined, and metabolic measurements taken for each. In these experiments the prey choices made by O. rubescens deviated widely from those expected from a simple model of maximizing caloric intake per unit time. O. rubescens chose Hemigrapsus nudus over Nuttallia obscurata as prey by a ratio of 3 to 1, even though when tissue energy content and handling time are accounted for the octopus could obtain 10 times more calories per unit time from N. obscurata than from H. nudus. Octopus energy budgets were similar when consuming either of the prey species except that lipid extraction efficiency (ratio of assimilated to consumed lipids, the remainder is defecated) was significantly higher in octopuses III consuming H.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Checklist of the Shrimps, Crabs, Lobsters and Crayfish of British Columbia 2011 (Order Decapoda) by Aaron Baldwin, Phd Candida
    Checklist of the Shrimps, Crabs, Lobsters and Crayfish of British Columbia 2011 (Order Decapoda) by Aaron Baldwin, PhD Candidate School of Fisheries and Ocean Science University of Alaska, Fairbanks [email protected] The following list includes all decapod species known to have been found in British Columbia. The taxonomic scheme is the most currently accepted and follows the higher decapod classification of De Grave et al. (2009). Additional sources used in this classification include Bowman and Abele (1982), Abele and Felgenhauer (1986), Martin and Davis (2001), and Schram (2001). It is likely that further research will reveal additional species, both as range extensions and undescribed species. List revised April 30, 2011. Notable changes from earlier versions: The Superfamily Galatheoidea has been divided following the molecular taxonomies as suggested by Ahyong et al. (2009). This change has been verified by more recent work by Ahyong et al. (2010) and Schnabel et al. (2011). These works separate the Superfamily Chirostyloidea from the traditional galatheioids. Additionally these works change the higher taxonomies of the galatheioid families. Potential future taxonomic changes: Ahyong et al. (2009) in their molecular analysis of the infraorder Anomura found the superfamilies Paguroidea and Galatheoidea to be polyphyletic. The changes to the Paguroidea are not yet reflected in the taxonomic nomenclature, but are expected. Wicksten (2009) adopted the classification scheme of Christoffersen (1988) for the caridean family Hippolytidae
    [Show full text]