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513 © Springer International Publishing AG 2016 S. Thomas (Ed Index A history, 138 AB128, 258 infection and transmission, 140–142 AB129, 258 other species, 148 AB130, 258 sheep skin biopsy, 141, 145 Acanthamoeba, 73, 285 treatment, 146–148 Acaricidal drugs, 147 Anaplasmataceae, 215, 243, 285, 467 Actin-based motility (ABM), 423, 424 family, 9, 10, 71–72 Acute fever, 126 pathogens, 215, 216 Acute illness, 47 Anaplasmosis, 6–7, 100–101, 103–104, 119, 120 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Ankyrin repeat proteins, 179, 230 127, 131, 351, 392 Anopheles gambiae (African malaria Adhesins, 141 mosquito), 407 Adhesion of rickettsiae (Adr) 1 protein, 414 Antibiotic treatment, clinical rickettsioses ADP ribosylation factors (Arfs), 430 HGA, 117, 118 Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquitoes), 407 HME, 117 African tick bite fever, 96, 97 murine typhus, 116 Agrobacterium tumefaciens, 429 RMSF, 114, 115 Allophycocyanin (APC)-conjugated scrub typhus, 117 fluorotag, 209 SFGR, 115, 116 Alphaproteobacteria endosymbionts, 7 typhus, 116 Amblyomma americanum, 219, 232 Antibodies, polyclonal, 33 Amblyomma maculatum, 43 Antigenic variation, 142 Amblyomma ticks, 244, 245, 250 Antigen-presenting cells (APC), 419, 421 Amblyomma variegatum, 246, 247, 251, 253 Antimicrobial agents, Rickettsiales, 111–114 Amino acid sequence Antimite fluid, 360 Ehrlichia Hsp60, 188 Anti-rickettsial serologic testing, 99 P28-19, 187 Anti-SFG IgM, 99 Anaplasma, 3, 215, 299 Anti-Wolbachia Consortium (A⋅WOL), 503 fatal human diseases, 216 Apoptosis, 423 mutagenesis, 216 Aquatic organisms, Rickettsiales, 59, 60, mutational analysis, 216, 217 64–82 pathogens, 215 aquatic Anaplasmataceae, 71–72 Anaplasma phagocytophilum in sheep Ca. Anadelfobacter veles, 79 clinical signs and pathogenesis, 142–144 Ca. Bandiella, 76, 77 diagnosis, 144–146 Ca. Cyrtobacter, 79 etiology and epidemiology, 139, 140 Ca. Defluviella procrastinata, 80 © Springer International Publishing AG 2016 513 S. Thomas (ed.), Rickettsiales, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-46859-4 514 Index Aquatic organisms, Rickettsiales (cont.) Biopsy Ca. Fokinia solitaria, 80 liquid, 48 Ca. Jidaibacter acanthamoeba, 77, 78 skin, 40 Ca. Lariskella, 76 Biosafety level 3 (BSL3) laboratory, Ca. Midichloriaceae, 72–76, 80–81 339, 392 Ca. Xanohaliotis californiensis, 71 Biphasic life cycle inside host cells, 229 Ca. Xenolissoclinum pacificiensis, 72 Black measles, 401 members of genus Neorickettsia, 71 Blood-sucking arthropods, 297 aquatic Rickettsiaceae, 65–70 Blue disease, 401 Ca. Arcanobacter lacustris, 70 Body lice, 16, 17, 29 Ca. Cryptoprodotis polytropus, 70 Bone marrow, 207 Ca. Gigarickettsia flagellata, 67 Booklouse, 407 Ca. Megaira, 67, 69, 70 Bos indicus, 252 Ca. Megaira polyxenophila, 68 Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), 271 Ca. Trichorickettsia mobilis, 67 Bovine-granulocytic anaplasmosis, 139 clades of Rickettsia, 66 Brain squash smears, 255, 257 endosymbionts of leeches, 66 Brill-Zinsser disease, 4, 9, 30, 405 diversity of, 59–65 Brown-staining rickettsial colonies, 257 Alphaproteobacteria class, 59 Bubulcus ibis, 251 Candidatus, 65 Candidatus Midichloriaceae, 60, 64 Candidatus Pelagibacter, 65 C genus-level clades, 60 Callosobruchus chinensis, 490 medically relevant, 64 Candidatus, 65 new genera of, 60 Candidatus Anadelfobacter veles non-hematophagous arthropods, 59 (Ca. Anadelfobacter veles), 79 obligate endosymbionts, 65 Candidatus Arcanobacter lacustris reorganized taxonomy of, 59 (Ca. Arcanobacter lacustris), 70 symbiosis, 65 Candidatus Bandiella (Ca. Bandiella), 76, 77 perspectives, 81–83 Candidatus Captivus acidiprotistae (Ca. bacterial chemotaxis, 82 Captivus acidiprotistae)-related flagella, 82 bacterium, 80 type IV secretion systems, 82 Candidatus Cryptoprodotis polytropus Arboviruses, 7 (Ca. Cryptoprodotis polytropus), 70 Argasid ticks, 11 Candidatus Cyrtobacter (Ca. Cyrtobacter), 79 Atlantic Rainforest Rickettsia (ATRF), 43–44 Candidatus Defluviella procrastinata ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, 429 (Ca. Defluviella procrastinata), 80 Autophagy, 343 Candidatus Ehrlichia khabarensis, 229 Autopsy specimens, 101 Candidatus Ehrlichia regneryi, 229 Avian influenza, 382 Candidatus Ehrlichia shimanensis, 229 Azithromycin, 113, 116–118, 132, 359 Candidatus Fokinia solitaria (Ca. Fokinia solitaria), 79, 80 Candidatus Gigarickettsia flagellata B (Ca. Gigarickettsia flagellata), Babesia bovis, 256 66, 67 Baby Hamster Kidney Cells (BHK), 244 Candidatus Jidaibacter acanthamoeba Bacciger sprenti, 305 (Ca. Jidaibacter acanthamoeba), 77, Bacteremia, 143 78, 286 Bacteria–host–vector interactions, 242 Candidatus Lariskella (Ca. Lariskella), 76 Bacterial clearance, 181–183 Candidatus Lariskella arthropodarum Bacterial symbiont, 70 (Ca. Lariskella arthropodarum), Bergey’s Manual of Determinative 75, 286 Bacteriology, 387 to vertebrates, 288 Biomarkers of rickettsial infection, 47–49 Candidatus Megaira (Ca. Megaira), 67, 69, 70 Index 515 Candidatus Megaira polyxenophila CD4+ T lymphocytes, 422 (Ca. Megaira polyxenophila), 67–69 CD8+ T lymphocytes, 421 Candidatus Midichloriaceae chemokines, 422 (Ca. Midichloriaceae), 60, 64, 72–80 Foxp3+ Treg cell, 422 Ca. Lariskella arthropodarum to Treg, 422 vertebrates, 288 Cell tropism, 215 Ca. Midichloria mitochondrii to Chemokines, 417 vertebrates, 286–287 Chemoprophylaxis, 261, 262 future perspective, 291–292 Chemotherapy, 261, 262 genera of, 73 Chigger, 5, 16, 125, 126, 388–391 Ca. Anadelfobacter veles, 79 Childhood, considerations, 118 Ca. Bandiella, 76, 77 Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO), 244 Ca. Cyrtobacter, 79 Chlamydia spp., 342 Ca. Defluviella procrastinata, 80 Chlamydia trachomatis, 343 Ca. Fokinia solitaria, 80 Chloramphenicol, 117, 118, 132, 358 Ca. Jidaibacter acanthamoeba, 77, 78 Rickettsiales, 112 Ca. Lariskella, 76 Cholera toxin B (CTB), 175, 186 Ca. Midichloria mitochondrii, 73–76 c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), MAPK potential pathogenicity, 285, 286 pathway, 417 red mark syndrome, 288–291 Clarithromycin, 113 Rickettsiales incertae sedis, 80–81 Complement fixation tests, 30 Candidatus Midichloria-like organism Concanavalin A (ConA), 175 (Ca. Midichloria-like organism), Contemporary genetic methods, 24 286, 288–291 Cowdria ruminantium, 243 Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii Coxiella burnetii, 341 (Ca. Midichloria mitochondrii), CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-DNA), 235 73–76, 286, 287 Cross-reactive IFA, 32 to vertebrates, 286–287 Culex pipiens, 313 Candidatus Pelagibacter, 65 Cycloheximide, 389 Candidatus Rickettsia aesemboensis, 44 Cytokines, 390, 415, 417, 418, 420, 421, 423 Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis, 44 Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), 473 Candidatus Trichorickettsia mobilis Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), 201 (Ca. Trichorickettsia mobilis), 66, 67 Candidatus Xenohaliotis, 10 D Candidatus Xanohaliotis californiensis Deer tick (blacklegged tick), 12, 15 (Ca. Xanohaliotis californiensis), 71 Dense-core cell (DC), 229 Candidatus Xenolissoclinum pacificiensis (Ca. Dermacentor variabilis, 231 Xenolissoclinum pacificiensis), 72 Deropegus aspina, 318 Canine pathogen, 216 Direct fluorescent antibody assay (DFA), 395 Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester Disease incidence, 383 (CFSE), 168 Disulfide bond formation (Dsb), 179 Caribbean Amblyomma programme (CAP), 252 Diversity of Rickettsiales, 59–65 Carteria cerasiformis cells, 68 Alphaproteobacteria class, 59 Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), 18 Candidatus, 65 CD4 knock-out mice, 199, 206 Candidatus Midichloriaceae, 60, 64 CD8 knock-out mice, 199, 206 Candidatus Pelagibacter, 65 CD62L, evaluation, 200 genus-level clades, 60 CD4+ Th1, activation of, 421 medically relevant, 64 CD4+ T lymphocytes, 422 new genera of, 60 CD8+ T lymphocytes, 421 non-hematophagous arthropods, 59 Ceftriaxone, 359 obligate endosymbionts, 65 Cell-free DNA, sampling of, 48 reorganized taxonomy of, 59 Cell-mediated immune response, 421–422 symbiosis, 65 516 Index Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), 235 CD4 knock-out mice, 199 Doxycycline, 111, 112, 114–119, 131, 132, CD4+ T cells, 199, 201, 206 358–360 CD8 knock-out mice, 199 Drosophila C virus (DCV), 485 CD8+ T cells, 199 Drosophila melanogaster, 470, 471 cell-mediated immunity, 198 Drug susceptibility testing, 393 CTL, 201 DH82 macrophage cells, 199 E. chaffeensis-infected cells, 179 E effector memory T cells, 200 Ectoparasites, 16 EVSYETFDVKNQGNN (C2) peptide, 201 Effector memory T cells, 200 host immunity to Ehrlichia, 3, 160–172, 177, 197, 215, 229, Ehrlichia-specific CD8+ T cells using 230, 299 pentamer staining, 208, 209 antigenic proteins, 178–181 flow cytometry, 209 cellular and humoral immunity in bacterial in vitro cultivation, 207 clearance, 181–183 mouse strains, 206 culturing, 175 peptide synthesis and definition and phylogeny, 225–229 characterization, 208 dense cored cells, 161 proliferation assay, 208 exit strategy, 168, 174, 175 real-time quantitative RT-PCR, 207 fatal human diseases, 216 RNA isolation, 207 filopodia statistics, 209 actin polymerization in host cells, tissue collection and processing, 207 inhibition, 168–171 human monocytic ehrlichiosis, 197 infected DH82 cells, 160–168 idiotypes, 204 infected mouse macrophages, 171, 172 immune response, 198 molecular biology immunodominant proteins, 230 genome reduction, 229 infection, 198, 204 tandem and ankyrin repeat proteins, 230 mouse strain, 204 morphology, 158–160, 162 mutations, coding and/or non-coding mutagenesis, 216 regions, 219, 220 mutational analysis, 217 P120 and TRP47, 230 overlying host cell membrane, 167, 171, p120 (E. chaffeensis p120), 180 173, 174 p156 (E. chaffeensis p156), 181 p28-OMP 19 to IAb, 202 p28-OMP 14, 198 p28-OMP epitopes, 206 p28-OMP 19, 201,
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