Reagan Warns Plane Hijackers SPORTS Give in to Demands
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Laura Jarboe
ABSTRACT REAGAN’S ANTITERRORISM: THE ROLE OF LEBANON by Laura Jarboe In the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan was faced with an increase in terrorism directed specifically at the United States. He feared that terrorism compromised America’s reputation, especially in the midst of the Cold War. An examination of terrorism which specifically targeted the military reveals that Reagan’s language and proposed policies emulated his Cold War fight. By 1985, the Reagan administration developed a Task Force for combating terrorism. Close investigation of the Task Force’s publication reveals that although Reagan talked a hard-line against terrorists, he partook in little action against them. REAGAN’S ANTITERRORISM: THE ROLE OF LEBANON A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History by Laura E. Jarboe Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2012 Advisor______________________________ Amanda McVety Reader_______________________________ Sheldon Anderson Reader_______________________________ Matthew Gordon Table of Contents Preface …………………………………………………………………………………………....1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………2 A New Terrorism is Born ………………………………………………………………………...5 Reagan Reacts to Terrorism ……………………………………………………………………..12 Calming the Public ...................................................................................................................... 166 The White House Investigates ................................................................................................... -
ISSF Article Review Forum
H-Diplo | ISSF Article Review 121 issforum.org Editors: Diane Labrosse and Seth Offenbach Web and Production Editor: George Fujii Erik R. Scott. “The Hijacking of Aeroflot Flight 244: States and Statelessness in the Late Cold War.” Past and Present 243:1 (May 2019): 213-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gty044. Published by ISSF on 26 June 2019 https://issforum.org/to/iar121 Review by Danielle Gilbert, George Washington University n October 1970, Lithuanian father and son Pranas and Algirdas Brazinskas hijacked regional Soviet Aeroflot flight 244. Several minutes into the flight between two cities in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, the elder Brazinskas handed the flight attendant a message for the pilot demanding that he Idivert the flight to Turkey and cease radio communications. The crew resisted, and in the resulting melee, the nineteen-year-old flight attendant was shot and killed, and the pilot and another crew member were injured. The Brazinskases soon occupied the cockpit and compelled the pilot to land the plane in Trabzon, Turkey— effectively escaping the Soviet Union and the possibility of extradition. Thus begins the saga of skyjacking and statelessness that historian Erik Scott explores in “The Hijacking of Aeroflot Flight 244: States and Statelessness in the Late Cold War.” In this meticulously researched account, Scott depicts the first successful hijacking in the Soviet Union and the decades of its aftermath, including the perpetrators’ quest for asylum across Turkey, Italy, Venezuela, and finally the United States, with the help of lobbying efforts by the Lithuanian diaspora and the hijackers’ altered identities. -
An Able Minister by C
a n n e r “Thou hast given a banner to them that fear thee, that it may be displayed because of the truth” (Ps. 60:4). Volume VI, Number 8 SOUTH POINT, OHIO, AUGUST 15, 1985 Whole Number 80 fO tt A tth fo u r Stblp Modern Departures From By George W. Sherman N.T. Christianity South Point, Ohio By Roy Mason The Bible is the world's greatest (1894-1978) book. It is the supreme revelation of God to man, given in order that the CHANGING THE ORGANIZATION creature might know both his OF THE CHURCH Creator and himself. It explains the Many changes and innovations past, foretells the future, and is an have been made since Christ started unfailing counselor for present, every His church, and since the apostles day living. The Bible is peerless. It lived and wrote. We believe that Bap stands alone among all the books of tists more nearly adhere to the prim the world. It has no rival. To put any itive order than any others, but even other book in the same category they have come—especially in recent with it is to be ridiculously unfair times, to depart in a number of ways and utterly lacking in intellectual from the New Testament pattern. We and moral discernment. The Bible is wish to deal with some of these de God's own book and God's only partures in a series of articles. Our Book. Sir Walter Scott, when dying, purpose in this is not to merely be asked his son-in-law the future bi labor Baptists, but to seek to call Roy Mason ographer, Lockhart, to read to him. -
International Co-Operation in the Use of Elite Military
INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION IN THE USE OF ELITE MILITARY FORCES TO COUNTER TERRORISM: THE BRITISH AND AMERICAN EXPERIENCE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR RESPECTIVE EXPERIENCES IN THE EVOLUTION OF LOW-INTENSITY OPERATIONS BY JOSEPH PAUL DE BOUCHERVILLE TAILLON A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE LONDON, ENGLAND, 1992 UMI Number: U615541 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615541 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F 7 0 XJl\lbj6S3 ABSTRACT J. Paul de B. Taillon "International Co-operation in the Employment of Elite Military Forces to Counter-Terrorism: The British and American Experience With Special Reference to Their Respective Experiences in the Evolution of Low-Intensity Operations." This thesis examines the employment of elite military forces in low-intensity and counter-terrorist operations, and in particular, placing the principal emphasis on the aspect of international co-operation in the latter. The experiences of Great Britain and the United States in such operations are the main elements of the discussion, reflecting their heavy involvement in such operations. -
Closing the Gaps on Hezbollah's Global Operations by Matthew Levitt
MENU Policy Analysis / Articles & Op-Eds Closing the Gaps on Hezbollah's Global Operations by Matthew Levitt Jun 18, 2014 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Matthew Levitt Matthew Levitt is the Fromer-Wexler Fellow and director of the Reinhard Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence at The Washington Institute. Articles & Testimony The group's large-scale criminal enterprises make it particularly vulnerable to measures such as Congress's recently introduced Hezbollah International Financing Act of 2014. wenty-nine years ago this week, a traumatic yet formative event occurred that prompted a major change in T U.S. policy on terrorism. On June 14, 1985, two Hezbollah hijackers took over TWA Flight 847 just after it took off from Athens en route to Rome. Over the course of 17 days, a short flight turned into a terrifying 8,500 mile journey around the Mediterranean that led to the murder of U.S. Navy diver Robert Stethem. The flight bounced back and forth between Algiers and Beirut, where the two original hijackers, Mohammed Ali Hamadi and Hassan Izz al-Din, were joined by other armed militants including the famed Hezbollah terrorist Imad Mughniyeh. The passengers were moved to safe houses around Beirut, further increasing the severity of the Lebanon hostage crisis that was already underway in Lebanon. Ultimately, 39 hostages were freed on June 29 and sent to Damascus. That November, the hijackers were indicted by an American court on 15 different counts, though this would not deter them from further activity. Izz al-Din was later linked to the 1988 hijacking of Kuwait Air Flight 422 from Bangkok, and Hamadi was arrested in West Germany in 1987 after attempting to carry liquid explosives onto a plane departing from Frankfurt. -
Robert Dean Stethem, Jr ~ (Nov 17, 1961 – Jun 15, 1985)
In Honor of: ~ SW2(DV) Robert Dean Stethem, Jr ~ (Nov 17, 1961 – Jun 15, 1985) Funding for NavyDEP.com is provided by your purchases from PIRGifts.com & USNGifts.com INTRODUCTION TO Seabee SW2(DV) Robert D. Stethem, Jr. (Nov 17, 1961 – Jun 15, 1985) Rev: Stethem 1.0 Seabee SW2(DV) Robert Dean Stethem, Jr (Nov 17, 1961 – Jun 15, 1985) Since I am Navy veteran, and I will not sugarcoat this. WARNING, TISSUE ALERT! Note from Craig: Not everything is fun and games in the U.S. Navy. I made this post to teach future sailors about the Navy. We must never forget those that protect us. When your family members receives a phone call from you in boot camp it will come up with a “847 “ area code for Great Lakes on their phones. When it appears, they will jump with joy. Not many people know that this number, 847, actually brings a moment of silence from Navy veterans that served during the 1985 era. You see, that number was the actual flight number (TWA-847) when we lost a Navy sailor due to terrorism. It is one of the Navy's saddest moment. Seabee SW2(DV) Robert Dean Stethem, Jr (Nov 17, 1961 – Jun 15, 1985) Steelworker Second Class (Diver) Robert D. Stethem, United States Navy Sailor, was a murder victim due to terrorism. Born in Waterbury, Connecticut and raised in Waldorf, Maryland, he was one of three sons (his father and two brothers also served in the US Navy; his mother worked for the Navy as a civilian). -
Public Report of the Vice President's Task Force on Combatting Terrorism
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. " PUBLIC REPORT OF THE VICE PRESIDENT'S TASK FORCE ON COMBATTING TERRORISM ~ OQ ~ FEBRUARY 1986 ~ ~.... • • • 138789 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice • This document has been reproduced exactly as rec6ived from the person or organization onginating It. Pomts of view or opinions stated in thiS document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the oHlclal position or policies 01 the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this ~ material has been granted OY1 • • PUb lC DOmaln • ---"lce President of the u. s . to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NGJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system reqlJlres permission of the~owner • • • • • I.3Y7?f • • ~'NATJON OF, JUSTJ~~ LIN1BSTITUTE RARY" • Fellow Americans: • As 1985 closed, the world was shocked by yet another savage terrorist act. The violent attacks at the Rome and Vienna airports left 114 wounded and 18 dead, five of whom were Americans. One was a young American girl of eleven. Earlier in the year we saw the hijackings of TWA Flight 847 and the cruise ship Achille Lau'ro, where innocent Americans were brutally murdered by international outlaws. Such • vicious attacks are representative of what has become a growing trend toward interna~ tional terrorism over the past decade. Concerned about the increasing loss of American lives, as well as repeated terrorist threats against our citizens, last July President Reagan asked me to chair a Cabinet-level Task • Force on Combatting Terrorism. Comprised of 14 senior government officials with major responsibilities for our national program to combat terrorism, the Task Force spent the last half of 1985 reviewing and eValuating current U.S. -
Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy
This page intentionally left blank Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy describes the problem of terrorism; compares it to other forms of aggression, particularly crime and war; and discusses policy options for dealing with the problem. It focuses on the causes of terrorism with the aim of understanding its roots and providing insights toward policies that will serve to prevent it. The book serves as a single-source reference on terrorism and as a platform for more in-depth study, with a set of discussion questions at the end of each chapter. Individual chapters focus on the nature of terrorism, theories of aggression and terrorism, the history of terrorism, globalization vs. clash, the role of religion, nonreligious extrem- ism and terrorism, the role of technology, terrorism throughout the modern world, responses to terrorism, fear of terrorism, short-term approaches and long-term strategies for preventing terrorism, balancing security and rights to liberty and privacy, and pathways to a safer and saner twenty-first century. Brian Forst joined the American University faculty after twenty years in nonprofit research, including positions as research director at the Institute for Law and Social Research and the Police Foundation. He is the author most recently of After Terror (with Akbar Ahmed, 2005); Errors of Justice: Nature, Sources, and Remedies (Cambridge University Press, 2004); and The Privatization of Policing: Two Views (with Peter Manning, 1999). He is a member of the American University Senate and chairs the Department of Justice, Law, and Society’s doctoral program. He is also a voting member of the Sentencing Commission for the District of Columbia. -
215183076.Pdf
IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM TRENDS ON AERONAUTICAL SECURITY By CHRIS ANTHONY HAMILTON Bachelor of Science Saint Louis University Saint Louis, Missouri 1987 Master of Science Central Missouri State University Warrensburg, Missouri 1991 Education Specialist Central Missouri State University Warrensburg, Missouri 1994 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION May, 1996 COPYRIGHT By Chris Anthony Hamilton May, 1996 IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM TRENDS ON AERONAUTICAL SECURITY Thesis Approved: Dean of the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to all those who, support, guidance, and sacrificed time made my educational experience at Oklahoma State University a successful one. First, I would like to thank my doctoral committee chairman, Dr. Cecil Dugger for his guidance and direction throughout my doctoral program. Dr. Dugger is a unique individual for which I have great respect not only as a mentor but also as good and supportive friend. I would also like to thank my dissertation advisor Dr. Steven Marks, for his support and impute in my academic life at Oklahoma State University. I would also like to thank the Dr. Kenneth Wiggins, Head, Department of Aviation and Space Education for his continue and great support in many ways, that without, I will have never completed my educational goals. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Deke Johnson as my doctoral committee member, that has always a kind and wise word to get me through difficult days. -
Flight Attendant from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia This Article Needs Additional Citations for Verification
Flight attendant From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2015) "Stewardesses" redirects here. For the 1969 3-D film, see The Stewardesses. "Cabin crew" redirects here. For the Australian dance music duo, see Cabin Crew. "Air hostess" redirects here. For other uses, see Air Hostess (disambiguation). Flight attendant of Austrian Airlines directing a passenger to his seat Flight attendants or cabin crew (also known as stewards/stewardesses, air hosts/hostesses, cabin attendants) are members of an aircrew employed by airlines primarily to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers aboard commercial flights, on select business jet aircraft,[1] and on some military aircraft.[2] Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Overview o 2.1 Responsibilities . 2.1.1 Cabin chimes and overhead panel lights o 2.2 Chief Purser o 2.3 Purser 3 Qualifications o 3.1 Training o 3.2 Language o 3.3 Height and weight 4 Uniforms and presentation 5 In advertising 6 Unions o 6.1 Discrimination 7 Roles in emergencies o 7.1 September 11, 2001 o 7.2 Other emergencies 8 In popular culture 9 Notable flight attendants 10 See also 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links History[edit] Flight attendant, circa 1949–1950,American Overseas Airlines, Flagship Denmark, Boeing 377 Stratocruiser The role of a flight attendant derives from that of similar positions on passenger ships or passenger trains, but it has more direct involvement with passengers because of the confined quarters on aircraft. -
1" OVERSIGHT of A(RPO'rt and AIRLINE Securily PROGRAMS
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. } ,. 1" OVERSIGHT OF A(RPO'RT AND AIRLINE SECURIlY PROGRAMS (99-21) HEARING BEFORE THE SUBOOMMITTEE ON AVlATION OF THE OOMMITTEE ON PUBLIO WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NINETY-NINTH CONGRESS FmST SESSION JULy 11, 1985 u.s. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1985 COMMI'ITEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION JAMES J. HOWARD, New Jersey, Chairman GLENN M. ANDERSON, California GENE SNYDER, Kentucky ROBERT A. ROE, New Jersey JOHN PAUL HAMMERSCHMIDT, Arkansas JOHN B. BREAUX, Louisiana BUD SHUSTER, Pennsylvania NORMAN Y. MINETA, California ARLAN STANGELAND, Minnesota JAMES L. OBERSTAR, Minnesota NEWT GINGRICH, Georgia HENRY J. NOWAK, New York WILLIAM F. CLINGER, JR., Pennsylvania ROBERT W. EDGAR, Pennsylvania GUY MOLINARI. New York ROBERT A. YOUNG, Missouri E. CLAY SHAW, JR., Florida NICK JOE RAHALL il, West Virginia BOB McEWEN, Ohio DOUGLAS APPLEGATE, Ohio THOMAS E. PETRI, Wisconsin RON DE LUGO, Virgin Islands DON SUNDQUIST, Tennessee GUS SAVAGE, lllinois NANCY L. JOHNSON. Connecticut FOFO I.F. SUNIA, American Samoa RON PACKARD. California DOUGLAS H. BOSCO, California SHERWOOD BOEHLERT, New York JIM MOODY, Wisconsin TOM DELAY, Texas ROBERT A. BORSKI, Pennsylvania SONNY CALLAHAN. Alabama JOE KOLTER, Pennsylvania DEAN A. GALLO, New Jersey TIM VALENTINE, North Carolina HELEN DELICH BENTLEY, Maryland EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York JIM LIGHTFOOT, Iowa WILLIAM O. LIPINSKI, lllinois DAVID S. MONSON, Utah MICHAEL A. ANDREWS, Texas J. ROY ROWLAND, Georgia ROBERT E. WISE, JR., West Virginia KENNETH J. GRAY, Illinois CHESTER G. ATKINS, Massachusetts PETER J. VISCLOSKY, Indiana JAMES A. TRAFICANT, JR., Ohio CATHY (MRS. -
Drainage Threatens Mail Work
Jlanrlipatpr Mpral/i Tuesday, Dec. 6. 1988 Manchester, Conn. — A City of Village Charm 30 Cents Drainage threatens mail work By Nancy Concelman for comment today. Manchester Herald Larry Costello, a spokesman for Homart, said today the The town may have to is.sue a company has hired a soil scientist stop-work order to the developers to evaluate erosion-control mea of the Pavilions at Burkland Hills sures at the site. The scientist will if continuing erosion problems at probably conduct an inspection the mall site aren’t corrected, the on Wednesday, he said. town planning director said But, Costello added. "W e're Monday. confident that we’re meeting all Planning Director Mark Pelle the regulations.” grini told commission members The state Department of Envir they may have to require the onmental Protection has also Homart Development Co. of threatened to take enforcement Chicago to install additional action against the mali devel erosion control measures at the oper, Pellegrini said. site of the $70 million mall. Responding to a complaint At the Monday PZC meeting, from Cathy Lankford of B.'sa Pellegrini read a Dec. 2 letter Tolland Turnpike that runoff Rtglntld Pinto/Manchtsttr H«rald from Zoning Enforcement Of from the mall site is polluting a IT RUNS THIS WAY — Eighth District President Thomas were meeting Monday to iron out differences over the ficer Thomas O’Marra to com pond near her home. DEP i nspec- Landers, left, explains part of a map showing lines proposed agreement between the town and district. mission Secretary Leo Kwash. tors checked the site Oct.