DOCSLIB.ORG
Recommended publications
  • Australian ANTARCTIC Magazine ISSUE 18 2010 Australian
    AusTRALIAN ANTARCTIC MAGAZINE ISSUE 18 2010 AusTRALIAN ANTARCTIC ISSUE 2010 MAGAZINE 18 The Australian Antarctic Division, a Division of the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, leads Australia’s Antarctic program and seeks CONTENTS to advance Australia’s Antarctic interests in pursuit of its vision of having ‘Antarctica valued, protected EXPLORING THE SOUTHERN OCEAN and understood’. It does this by managing Australian government activity in Antarctica, providing transport Southern Ocean marine life in focus 1 and logistic support to Australia’s Antarctic research Snails and ‘snot’ tell acid story 4 program, maintaining four permanent Australian research stations, and conducting scientific research Science thrown overboard 6 programs both on land and in the Southern Ocean. Antarctica – a catalyst for science communication 8 Australia’s four Antarctic goals are: First non-lethal whale study answers big questions 9 • To maintain the Antarctic Treaty System Journal focuses on Antarctic research 11 and enhance Australia’s influence in it; • To protect the Antarctic environment; BROKE–West breaks ground in marine research 11 • To understand the role of Antarctica in EAST ANTARCTIC CENSUS the global climate system; and Shedding light on the sea floor 13 • To undertake scientific work of practical, economic and national significance. Plankton in the spotlight 15 Australian Antarctic Magazine seeks to inform the Sorting the catch 16 Australian and international Antarctic community Using fish to identify ecological regions 17 about the activities of the Australian Antarctic program. Opinions expressed in Australian Antarctic Magazine International flavour enhances Japanese research cruise 18 do not necessarily represent the position of the Australian Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Glaciers in Equilibrium, Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
    Portland State University PDXScholar Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations Geology 10-2016 Glaciers in Equilibrium, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica Andrew G. Fountain Portland State University, [email protected] Hassan J. Basagic Portland State University, [email protected] Spencer Niebuhr University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/geology_fac Part of the Glaciology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details FOUNTAIN, A.G., BASAGIC, H.J. and NIEBUHR, S. (2016) Glaciers in equilibrium, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Journal of Glaciology, pp. 1–14. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Journal of Glaciology (2016), Page 1 of 14 doi: 10.1017/jog.2016.86 © The Author(s) 2016. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Glaciers in equilibrium, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica ANDREW G. FOUNTAIN,1 HASSAN J. BASAGIC IV,1 SPENCER NIEBUHR2 1Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA 2Polar Geospatial Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Correspondence: Andrew G. Fountain <[email protected]> ABSTRACT. The McMurdo Dry Valleys are a cold, dry polar desert and the alpine glaciers therein exhibit small annual and seasonal mass balances, often <±0.06 m w.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Page Numbers in Italic, Eg 221, Signify
    Index Page numbers in italic, e.g. 221, signify references to figures. Page numbers in bold, e.g. 60, denote references to tables. Adventure Subglacial Trench 220-221,221 structure 156 Alaska surface strain-rates 154-155, 154, 155, 156 Bering Glacier 60, 68, 75 tephra layer 149, 150, 151,152, 156 Black Rapids Glacier 172, 172, 173 thrust faults 153 Burroughs Glacier 60 Lambert Glacier 61, 72 Columbia Glacier 172, 173 Meserve Glacier 60, 181, 184, 184, 187, 189 Gulkana Glacier 60, 73 North Masson Range 116 Hubbard Glacier 75 South Masson Range 116 Kaskawulsh Glacier 60 South Shetland Islands 148 Malaspina Glacier 60, 68, 75 Suess Glacier, Taylor Valley 182, 187, 189 Phantom Lake 69 Taylor Glacier 11 Spencer Glacier 205 Taylor Valley 182 Twin Glacier 60 Transantarctic Mountain range 221 Variegated Glacier 61, 65, 67, 68, 76, 76, 86 Wordie Ice Shelf 61 deformation history 90, 92, 94 Ards Peninsula, Northern Ireland 307 shear zones 72, 75, 75 argillans, definition 256 strain 88, 89, 92, 94 Arrhenius relation 34 subglacial till deformation 172 Asgard Range, Antarctica 182 surging 86, 87 Astro Glacier, Canada 69 velocity 88, 89 Austerdalsbreen, Norway 60 Worthington Glacier 61, 65 Austre Broggerbreen, Svalbard 70 Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica 61 Austre Lov+nbreen, Svalbard 70, 77 ammonium concentration, Greenland Ice Sheet Austre Okstindbreen, Norway 205 15, 16, 20 Austria anisotropy of ice Hintereisferner 60 annealing 101, 104, 106, 107, 111, 112 Langtaufererjochferner 60 c-axis orientation 100-104, 101, 103, 104, 105-107, Pasterze Glacier,
    [Show full text]
  • 2004-2005 Science Planning Summary
    2004-2005 USAP Field Season Table of Contents Project Indexes Project Websites Station Schedules Technical Events Environmental and Health & Safety Initiatives 2004-2005 USAP Field Season Table of Contents Project Indexes Project Websites Station Schedules Technical Events Environmental and Health & Safety Initiatives 2004-2005 USAP Field Season Project Indexes Project websites List of projects by principal investigator List of projects by USAP program List of projects by institution List of projects by station List of projects by event number digits List of deploying team members Scouting In Antarctica Technical Events Media Visitors 2004-2005 USAP Field Season USAP Station Schedules Click on the station name below to retrieve a list of projects supported by that station. Austral Summer Season Austral Estimated Population Openings Winter Season Station Operational Science Openings Summer Winter 20 August 05 October 890 (weekly 23 February 187 McMurdo 2004 2004 average) 2004 (winter total) (WINFLY*) (Mainbody) 2,900 (total) 232 (weekly South 24 October 30 October 15 February 72 average) Pole 2004 2004 2004 (winter total) 650 (total) 34-44 (weekly 22 September 40 Palmer N/A 8 April 2004 average) 2004 (winter total) 75 (total) Year-round operations RV/IB NBP RV LMG Research 39 science & 32 science & staff Vessels Vessel schedules on the Internet: staff 25 crew http://www.polar.org/science/marine. 25 crew Field Camps Air Support * A limited number of science projects deploy at WinFly. 2004-2005 USAP Field Season Technical Events Every field season, the USAP sponsors a variety of technical events that are not scientific research projects but support one or more science projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Variations in the Geochemistry of Glacial Meltwater Streams in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica KATHLEEN A
    Antarctic Science 22(6), 662–672 (2010) & Antarctic Science Ltd 2010 doi:10.1017/S0954102010000702 Spatial variations in the geochemistry of glacial meltwater streams in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica KATHLEEN A. WELCH1, W. BERRY LYONS1, CARLA WHISNER1, CHRISTOPHER B. GARDNER1, MICHAEL N. GOOSEFF2, DIANE M. MCKNIGHT3 and JOHN C. PRISCU4 1The Ohio State University, Byrd Polar Research Center, 1090 Carmack Rd, 108 Scott Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 3University of Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309-0450, USA 4Dept LRES, 334 Leon Johnson Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA [email protected] Abstract: Streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, flow during the summer melt season (4–12 weeks) when air temperatures are close to the freezing point of water. Because of the low precipitation rates, streams originate from glacial meltwater and flow to closed-basin lakes on the valley floor. Water samples have been collected from the streams in the Dry Valleys since the start of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long-Term Ecological Research project in 1993 and these have been analysed for ions and nutrient chemistry. Controls such as landscape position, morphology of the channels, and biotic and abiotic processes are thought to influence the stream chemistry. Sea-salt derived ions tend to be higher in streams that are closer to the ocean and those streams that drain the Taylor Glacier in western Taylor Valley. Chemical weathering is an important process influencing stream chemistry throughout the Dry Valleys. Nutrient availability is dependent on landscape age and varies with distance from the coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Aeolian Sediments of the Mcmurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica a Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
    Aeolian Sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Kelly Marie Deuerling, B.S. Graduate Program in Geological Sciences The Ohio State University 2010 Master‘s Examination Committee: Dr. W. Berry Lyons, Advisor Dr. Michael Barton Dr. Garry D. McKenzie Copyright by Kelly Marie Deuerling 2010 ABSTRACT The role of dust has become a topic of increasing interest in the interface between climate and geological/ecological sciences. Dust emitted from major sources, the majority of which are desert regions in the Northern Hemisphere, is transported via suspension in global wind systems and incorporated into the biogeochemical cycles of the ecosystems where it is ultimately deposited. While emissions within the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) region of Antarctica are small compared to other source regions, the redistribution of new, reactive material by wind may be important to sustaining life in the ecosystem. The interaction of the dry, warm foehn winds and the cool, moist coastal breezes ―recycles‖ soil particles throughout the landscape. The bulk of sediment movement occurs during foehn events in the winter that redistribute material throughout the MDV. To understand the source and transfer of this material samples were collected early in the austral summer (November 2008) prior to the initiation of extensive ice melt from glacial and lake surfaces, aeolian landforms, and elevated sediment traps. These were preserved and processed for grain size distribution and major element composition at the sand and silt particle sizes.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochemical and Isotopic Evidence for the Escape of Ice Sheet Fluids in an East Antarctic Ice Sheet Outlet Glacier, Taylor Valley, Antarctica
    Geochemical and isotopic evidence for the escape of ice sheet fluids in an East Antarctic Ice Sheet outlet glacier, Taylor Valley, Antarctica 1 1 1 1 1 Michael G. Scudder , Graham H. Edwards , Gavin G. Piccione , Terrence Blackburn , Slawek Tulaczyk 1Earth & Planetary Science Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA 5 Correspondence to: Michael Scudder ([email protected]) Abstract: The isotopic similarities between fluids beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) and the subglacial discharge found at the snout of Taylor glacier, one of the outlet glaciers located hundreds of kilometers away, implies that subglacial fluids may transit across this incredible distance. Such a model is consistent with the imaging, by airborne transient electromagnetic (ATE), of high salinity fluids at the 10 base of Taylor glacier to at least 5.75 km up-glacier from the snout, where ATE resolution fails (Mikucki et al., 2015). The transit of subglacial discharge could also be detected through the examination of basal ice, which has been hypothesized to form by subglacial freeze on of fluids at the ice-rock interface. We test these ice formation models as well search for direct evidence for the passage of subglacial discharge beneath Taylor glacier through examination of the elemental and U-Series isotopic compositions of basal 15 ice from Taylor Valley and compare with the compositions for regional lakes, streams, bedrock, and subglacial brines. For example, the basal ice from Suess Glacier, an alpine glacier draining a local accumulation zone in the Asgard Mountains, has 234U/238U and major element compositions nearly identical to surface waters and local silicates indicating mechanical entrainment of surface salts into basal ice by a cold-based formation mechanism.
    [Show full text]
  • Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica) Report 825-2-Part IX IGY Project No
    THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION USNC-IGY ANTARCTIC GLACIOLOGICAL DATA FIELD WORK I958 AMD 1959 (Multiple Glaciation in the McMurdo Sound, Antarctica) Report 825-2-Part IX IGY Project No. U.10 NSF Grant No. Y/ii.lO/285 Troy L. Pewe' February i960 USNC-IGY ANTARCTIC GLACIOLOGICAL DATA Report Number 2i Field Work 1958-59 Part DC MULTIPLE GLACIATION IN THE McMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA The Ohio State University Research Foundation Colambus 12, Ohio Project 825P Report Noo 2,, Part IX Submitted to the Uo So National Committee for the IGY National. Academy of Sciences^ in partial fulfillment of IGY Project Number 4,10 - NSF Grant No. Y/lMO/285 February i960 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract « <> „ « „ o • „ « o • o • <> . „ • <>o 2 Introduction o » * * o <><> 2 Physical setting «, • « « „ • • * o o „ o * o * * 3 Physiography and geology <>,>*ooooo«oooo* 3 Cli mate O O » O O O O » * 0 Q O O * O O O « « O O 0 » « » O O O O 6 Glacial chronology <, • <, <> • o o o * • • «> „ <> 0 8 McMurdo Glaciation • o o • • o • • <> * • o o o <> o 8 Taylor Glaciation • . • . • . • • . o «. • • • . • * . • o o o « 12 Glacial lakes O O O O O . O O O Q ^ O O O O ^ . O O O O O O 16 Fryxwell Glaciation •••••••••••••••••••••• 16 Glacial lakes a o o . o 20 Koettlitz Glaciation • . o . « . • « . • 20 Glacial lakes o • • 23 Summary and correlation • . o . • • * • • • • • 23 References cited •••••••••••••• • 26 li LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page lo Sketch map of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica showing extent of existing glaciers * o <> . <> o o 0 <> o o • o o o o * o o o o I4
    [Show full text]
  • Diabase Sheets of the Taylor Glacier Region Victoria Land, Antarctica
    Diabase Sheets of the Taylor Glacier Region Victoria Land, Antarctica GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 456-B Work done in cooperation with the National Science Foundation Diabase Sheets of the Taylor Glacier Region Victoria Land, Antarctica By WARREN HAMILTON With sections on PETROGRAPHY By WARREN HAMILTON, PHILIP T. HAYES, and RONALD CALVERT And sections on CHEMISTRY By WARREN HAMILTON, VERTIE C. SMITH, PAUL S. D. ELMORE, PAUL R. BARNETT, and NANCY CONKLIN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF ANTARCTICA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 456-B Work done in cooperation with the National Science Foundation UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract______________________________ Bl Petrology of basement sill Continued Introduction. _________________________ 2 Major oxides, by Warren Hamilton, Vertie C. Smith, Location________________________ 2 and Paul S. D. Elmore________________ B37 Present work______________________ 2 Bulk composition_______________________________ 41 Acknowledgments. _______________ 4 Minor elements, by Warren Hamilton, Paul R. Other studies...___________________ 4 Barnett, Vertie C. Smith, and Nancy M. Conklin. 42 Regional setting.__________________ 4 Density-_-___-__---_---_______________________ 45 Geography.._ _________________ 5 Differentiation. ________________________________ 46 Geology. __ ______ _ 6 Petrology of other diabase sheets.____________________ 49 Beacon Sandstone. ________ 7 Petrography, by Warren Hamilton and Philip T. Basement rocks__________ 7 Hayes----_-_-----_---_-__________-___--____- 49 Form of diabase sheets.________________ 7 Chemistry, by Warren Hamilton, Vertie C. Smith, Sheets in Beacon Sandstone. _.____-_ 7 and Paul S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geochemistry of Englacial Brine from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The Geochemistry of Englacial Brine 10.1029/2018JG004411 From Taylor Glacier, Antarctica Key Points: W. Berry Lyons1,2 , Jill A. Mikucki3 , Laura A. German1,2, Kathleen A. Welch1,2,4 , • Englacial brine was extracted from 1,2 1,2 5 6,7 Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, using Susan A. Welch , Christopher B. Gardner , Slawek M. Tulaczyk , Erin C. Pettit , clean‐entry techniques Julia Kowalski8 , and Bernd Dachwald9 • This is the first direct sampling of recently discovered subglacial brines 1School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, 2Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The beneath Taylor Valley, Antarctica 3 • Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, Geochemistry suggests that brine is 4 5 of marine origin and has been USA, Now at Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, Earth & Planetary 6 subsequently altered by chemical Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, CNMS Department of Geosciences, University of weathering products Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AL, USA, 7Now at College of Earth Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA, 8AICES and Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, 9Faculty of Aerospace Technology, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Aachen, Germany Correspondence to: W. B. Lyons, ‐ [email protected] Abstract Blood Falls is a hypersaline, iron rich discharge at the terminus of the Taylor Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In November 2014, brine in a conduit within the glacier was penetrated and sampled using clean‐entry techniques and a thermoelectric melting probe called the Citation: fi Lyons, W.
    [Show full text]
  • CRREL Report 93-14
    CRREL REPORT 93-14 Malcolm Mellor Aviation Notes onAntarctic August1993 Abstract Antarctic aviation has been evolving for the best part of a century, with regular air operations developing over the past three or four decades. Antarctica is the last continent where aviation still depends almost entirely on expeditionary airfields and “bush flying,” but change seems imminent. This report describes the history of aviation in Antarctica, the types and characteristics of existing and proposed airfield facilities, and the characteristics of aircraft suitable for Antarctic use. It now seems possible for Antarctic aviation to become an extension of mainstream international aviation. The basic requirement is a well-distributed network of hard-surface airfields that can be used safely by conventional aircraft, together with good international collaboration. The technical capabilities al- ready exist. Cover: Douglas R4D Que Sera Sera, which made the first South Pole landing on 31 October 1956. (Smithsonian Institution photo no. 40071.) The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising or commercial purposes. Citation of brand names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. For conversion of SI metric units to U.S./British customary units of measurement consult ASTM Standard E380-89a, Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. CRREL Report 93-14 US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory Notes on Antarctic Aviation Malcolm Mellor August 1993 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. PREFACE This report was prepared by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Decadal Topographic Change in the Mcmurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica
    Geomorphology 323 (2018) 80–97 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geomorphology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Decadal topographic change in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica: Thermokarst subsidence, glacier thinning, and transfer of water storage from the cryosphere to the hydrosphere J.S. Levy a,⁎, A.G. Fountain b,M.K.Obrykc, J. Telling d,C.Glennied, R. Pettersson e,M.Goosefff,D.J.VanHorng a Department of Geology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Ave., Hamilton, NY 13346, USA b Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA c U.S. Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, WA 98683, USA d National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA e Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Geocentrum, Villav. 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden f Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA g Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA article info abstract Article history: Recent local-scale observations of glaciers, streams, and soil surfaces in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica Received 29 May 2018 (MDV) have documented evidence for rapid ice loss, glacial thinning, and ground surface subsidence associated Received in revised form 9 September 2018 with melting of ground ice. To evaluate the extent, magnitude, and location of decadal-scale landscape change in Accepted 10 September 2018 the MDV, we collected airborne lidar elevation data in 2014–2015 and compared these data to a 2001–2002 air- Available online 13 September 2018 borne lidar campaign.
    [Show full text]