LOUISIANA SCIENTIST Vol. 5A No. 1
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Density Functional Theory
Density Functional Approach Francesco Sottile Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau - France European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF) 22 October 2010 Density Functional Theory 1. Any observable of a quantum system can be obtained from the density of the system alone. < O >= O[n] Hohenberg, P. and W. Kohn, 1964, Phys. Rev. 136, B864 Density Functional Theory 1. Any observable of a quantum system can be obtained from the density of the system alone. < O >= O[n] 2. The density of an interacting-particles system can be calculated as the density of an auxiliary system of non-interacting particles. Hohenberg, P. and W. Kohn, 1964, Phys. Rev. 136, B864 Kohn, W. and L. Sham, 1965, Phys. Rev. 140, A1133 Density Functional ... Why ? Basic ideas of DFT Importance of the density Example: atom of Nitrogen (7 electron) 1. Any observable of a quantum Ψ(r1; ::; r7) 21 coordinates system can be obtained from 10 entries/coordinate ) 1021 entries the density of the system alone. 8 bytes/entry ) 8 · 1021 bytes 4:7 × 109 bytes/DVD ) 2 × 1012 DVDs 2. The density of an interacting-particles system can be calculated as the density of an auxiliary system of non-interacting particles. Density Functional ... Why ? Density Functional ... Why ? Density Functional ... Why ? Basic ideas of DFT Importance of the density Example: atom of Oxygen (8 electron) 1. Any (ground-state) observable Ψ(r1; ::; r8) 24 coordinates of a quantum system can be 24 obtained from the density of the 10 entries/coordinate ) 10 entries 8 bytes/entry ) 8 · 1024 bytes system alone. 5 · 109 bytes/DVD ) 1015 DVDs 2. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0044778A1 Orr (43) Pub
US 20050044778A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0044778A1 Orr (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 3, 2005 (54) FUEL COMPOSITIONS EMPLOYING Publication Classification CATALYST COMBUSTION STRUCTURE (51) Int. CI.' ........ C10L 1/28; C1OL 1/24; C1OL 1/18; (76) Inventor: William C. Orr, Denver, CO (US) C1OL 1/12; C1OL 1/26 Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. ................. 44/320; 44/435; 44/378; 44/388; HOGAN & HARTSON LLP 44/385; 44/444; 44/443 ONE TABOR CENTER, SUITE 1500 1200 SEVENTEENTH ST DENVER, CO 80202 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 10/722,127 Metallic vapor phase fuel compositions relating to a broad (22) Filed: Nov. 24, 2003 Spectrum of pollution reducing, improved combustion per Related U.S. Application Data formance, and enhanced Stability fuel compositions for use in jet, aviation, turbine, diesel, gasoline, and other combus (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/986,891, tion applications include co-combustion agents preferably filed on Dec. 8, 1997, now Pat. No. 6,652,608. including trimethoxymethylsilane. Patent Application Publication Mar. 3, 2005 US 2005/0044778A1 FIGURE 1 CALCULATING BUNSEN BURNER LAMINAR FLAME VELOCITY (LFV) OR BURNING VELOCITY (BV) CONVENTIONAL FLAME LUMINOUS FLAME Method For Calculating Bunsen Burner Laminar Flame Velocity (LHV) or Burning Velocity Requires Inside Laminar Cone Angle (0) and The Gas Velocity (Vg). LFV = A, SIN 2 x VG US 2005/0044778A1 Mar. 3, 2005 FUEL COMPOSITIONS EMPLOYING CATALYST Chart of Elements (CAS version), and mixture, wherein said COMBUSTION STRUCTURE element or derivative compound, is combustible, and option 0001) The present invention is a CIP of my U.S. -
~Ui&£R5itt! of J\Rij!Oua
Minerals and metals of increasing interest, rare and radioactive minerals Authors Moore, R.T. Rights Arizona Geological Survey. All rights reserved. Download date 06/10/2021 17:57:35 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/629904 Vol. XXIV, No.4 October, 1953 ~ui&£r5itt! of J\rij!oua ~ul1etiu ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES MINERALS AND METALS OF INCREASING INTEREST RARE AND RADIOACTIVE MINERALS By RICHARD T. MOORE ARIZONA BUREAU OF MINES MINERAL TECHNOLOGY SERIES No. 47 BULLETIN No. 163 THIRTY CENTS (Free to Residents of Arizona) PUBLISHED BY ~tti£ll~r5itt! of ~rh!Omt TUCSON, ARIZONA TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 Acknowledgments 5 General Features 5 BERYLLIUM 7 General Features 7 Beryllium Minerals 7 Beryl 7 Phenacite 8 Gadolinite 8 Helvite 8 Occurrence 8 Prices and Possible Buyers ,........................................ 8 LITHIUM 9 General Features 9 Lithium Minerals 9 Amblygonite 9 Spodumene 10 Lepidolite 10 Triphylite 10 Zinnwaldite 10 Occurrence 10 Prices and Possible Buyers 10 CESIUM AND RUBIDIUM 11 General Features 11 Cesium and Rubidium Minerals 11 Pollucite ..................•.........................................................................., 11 Occurrence 12 Prices and Producers 12 TITANIUM 12 General Features 12 Titanium Minerals 13 Rutile 13 Ilmenite 13 Sphene 13 Occurrence 13 Prices and Buyers 14 GALLIUM, GERMANIUM, INDIUM, AND THALLIUM 14 General Features 14 Gallium, Germanium, Indium and Thallium Minerals 15 Germanite 15 Lorandite 15 Hutchinsonite : 15 Vrbaite 15 Occurrence 15 Prices and Producers ~ 16 RHENIUM 16 -
Simulation Studies of the Mechanisms of Interaction Between Carbon Nanotubes and Amino Acids
Simulation Studies of the Mechanisms of Interaction between Carbon Nanotubes and Amino Acids by George Bassem Botros Abadir B.Sc., Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, 2000 M.Sc., Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, 2005 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Electrical and Computer Engineering) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2010 c George Bassem Botros Abadir 2010 Abstract In this thesis, molecular dynamics and ab initio density functional theory/non- equilibrium Green’s function simulations are used to study the interaction between carbon nanotubes and amino acids. Firstly, rules for the proper choice of the parameters used in these simulations are established. It is demonstrated how the improper choice of these parameters (particularly the basis set used in ab initio simulations) can lead to quantitatively and qualitatively erroneous conclusions regarding the bandgap of the nanotubes. It is then shown that the major forces responsible for amino-acid adsorp- tion on carbon nanotubes are van der Waals forces, and that hydrophobic interactions may accelerate the adsorption process, but are not necessary for it to occur. The mechanisms of interaction between carbon nanotubes and amino acids are elucidated. It is found that geometrical deformations do not play a major role in the sensing process, and that electrostatic inter- actions represent the major interaction mechanism between the tubes and amino acids. Fully metallic armchair tubes are found to be insensitive to various amino acids, while small-radius nanotubes are shown to be inade- quate for sensing in aqueous media, as their response to the motion of the atoms resulting from the immersion in water is comparable to that of an- alyte adsorption. -
Newsletter 85
Ψk Newsletter AB INITIO (FROM ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE) CALCULATION OF COMPLEX PROCESSES IN MATERIALS Number 85 February 2008 Editor: Z. (Dzidka) Szotek Sponsored by: UK’s CCP9 E-mail: [email protected] and ESF Psi-k Programme 1 Contents 1 Editorial 4 2 General News 5 2.1 Psi-k Portal and Psi-k Mailing List . ........ 5 3 Psi-k School/Workshop/Conference Announcements 6 3.1 THIRD Psi-k/NANOQUANTA SCHOOL& WORKSHOP . 6 3.2 Psi-kTraining-MarieCurieSummerSchool . ........ 11 4 General School/Workshop/Conference Announcements 12 4.1 2nd International Workshop on “Ab initio Description of Iron and Steel (ADIS2008): MagnetismandPhaseDiagrams” . 12 4.2 TheCAMDSummerSchool............................. 13 4.3 International Center for Materials Research (ICMR) Summer School on Multi- ferroicMaterialsandBeyond . 16 4.4 15th WIEN2khands-onworkshop . 18 4.5 Meeting on Molecular Dynamics for Non-Adiabatic Processes ........... 19 4.6 12th European Conference ”Physics of Magnetism” . ........... 20 4.7 SymposiumG,EMRSFallMeeting. 21 4.8 Summer School on Ab Initio Modelling in Solid State Chemistry - MSSC2008 . 23 4.9 Computational Molecular Science 2008 . ......... 25 5 General Job Announcements 26 6 Abstracts 55 7 New Book Announcements 73 8 SCIENTIFIC HIGHLIGHT OF THE MONTH: Local Self-Interaction Cor- rection of a Scattering Resonance: The Atom in Jellium Model 74 1 Introduction 74 2 Local Self-interaction Correction (LSIC) 76 2 3 LSDA solution of an atom in jellium 77 4 LSIC solution for an atom in jellium 78 5 Self-interaction correction of scattering resonances for Ce in jellium 79 6 Effective Medium Theory of Ce metal 82 7 Conclusions 84 3 1 Editorial As we are currently trying to change the format of the future Psi-k newsletters, the present newsletter in a way already reflects this transition period. -
Quantum Chemical Calculations of NMR Parameters
Quantum Chemical Calculations of NMR Parameters Tatyana Polenova University of Delaware Newark, DE Winter School on Biomolecular NMR January 20-25, 2008 Stowe, Vermont OUTLINE INTRODUCTION Relating NMR parameters to geometric and electronic structure Classical calculations of EFG tensors Molecular properties from quantum chemical calculations Quantum chemistry methods DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY FOR CALCULATIONS OF NMR PARAMETERS Introduction to DFT Software Practical examples Tutorial RELATING NMR OBSERVABLES TO MOLECULAR STRUCTURE NMR Spectrum NMR Parameters Local geometry Chemical structure (reactivity) I. Calculation of experimental NMR parameters Find unique solution to CQ, Q, , , , , II. Theoretical prediction of fine structure constants from molecular geometry Classical electrostatic model (EFG)- only in simple ionic compounds Quantum mechanical calculations (Density Functional Theory) (EFG, CSA) ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT (EFG) TENSOR: POINT CHARGE MODEL EFG TENSOR IS DETERMINED BY THE COMBINED ELECTRONIC AND NUCLEAR WAVEFUNCTION, NO ANALYTICAL EXPRESSION IN THE GENERAL CASE THE SIMPLEST APPROXIMATION: CLASSICAL POINT CHARGE MODEL n Zie 4 V2,k = 3 Y2,k ()i,i i=1 di 5 ATOMS CONTRIBUTING TO THE EFG TENSOR ARE TREATED AS POINT CHARGES, THE RESULTING EFG TENSOR IS THE SUM WITH RESPECT TO ALL ATOMS VERY CRUDE MODEL, WORKS QUANTITATIVELY ONLY IN SIMPLEST IONIC SYSTEMS, BUT YIELDS QUALITATIVE TRENDS AND GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SYMMETRY AND MAGNITUDE OF THE EXPECTED TENSOR ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT (EFG) TENSOR: POINT CHARGE MODEL n Zie 4 V2,k = 3 Y2,k ()i,i i=1 di 5 Ze V = ; V = 0; V = 0 2,0 d 3 2,±1 2,±2 2Ze V = ; V = 0; V = 0 2,0 d 3 2,±1 2,±2 3 Ze V = ; V = 0; V = 0 2,0 2 d 3 2,±1 2,±2 V2,0 = 0; V2,±1 = 0; V2,±2 = 0 MOLECULAR PROPERTIES FROM QUANTUM CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS H = E See for example M. -
UOW High Performance Computing Cluster User's Guide
UOW High Performance Computing Cluster User’s Guide Information Management & Technology Services University of Wollongong ( Last updated on February 2, 2015) Contents 1. Overview6 1.1. Specification................................6 1.2. Access....................................7 1.3. File System.................................7 2. Quick Start9 2.1. Access the HPC Cluster...........................9 2.1.1. From within the UOW campus...................9 2.1.2. From the outside of UOW campus.................9 2.2. Work at the HPC Cluster.......................... 10 2.2.1. Being familiar with the environment................ 10 2.2.2. Setup the working space...................... 11 2.2.3. Initialize the computational task.................. 11 2.2.4. Submit your job and check the results............... 14 3. Software 17 3.1. Software Installation............................ 17 3.2. Software Environment........................... 17 3.3. Software List................................ 19 4. Queue System 22 4.1. Queue Structure............................... 22 4.1.1. Normal queue............................ 22 4.1.2. Special queues........................... 23 4.1.3. Schedule policy........................... 23 4.2. Job Management.............................. 23 4.2.1. PBS options............................. 23 4.2.2. Submit a batch job......................... 25 4.2.3. Check the job/queue status..................... 27 4.2.4. Submit an interactive job...................... 29 4.2.5. Submit workflow jobs....................... 30 4.2.6. Delete jobs............................. 31 5. Utilization Agreement 32 5.1. Policy.................................... 32 5.2. Acknowledgements............................. 32 5.3. Contact Information............................. 33 Appendices 35 A. Access the HPC cluster from Windows clients 35 A.1. Putty..................................... 35 A.2. Configure ‘Putty’ with UOW proxy.................... 36 A.3. SSH Secure Shell Client.......................... 38 B. Enable Linux GUI applications using Xming 41 B.1. -
Virt&L-Comm.3.2012.1
Virt&l-Comm.3.2012.1 A MODERN APPROACH TO AB INITIO COMPUTING IN CHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR AND MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES ANTONIO LAGANA’, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA, PERUGIA (IT)* ABSTRACT In this document we examine the present situation of Ab initio computing in Chemistry and Molecular and Materials Science and Technologies applications. To this end we give a short survey of the most popular quantum chemistry and quantum (as well as classical and semiclassical) molecular dynamics programs and packages. We then examine the need to move to higher complexity multiscale computational applications and the related need to adopt for them on the platform side cloud and grid computing. On this ground we examine also the need for reorganizing. The design of a possible roadmap to establishing a Chemistry Virtual Research Community is then sketched and some examples of Chemistry and Molecular and Materials Science and Technologies prototype applications exploiting the synergy between competences and distributed platforms are illustrated for these applications the middleware and work habits into cooperative schemes and virtual research communities (part of the first draft of this paper has been incorporated in the white paper issued by the Computational Chemistry Division of EUCHEMS in August 2012) INTRODUCTION The computational chemistry (CC) community is made of individuals (academics, affiliated to research institutions and operators of chemistry related companies) carrying out computational research in Chemistry, Molecular and Materials Science and Technology (CMMST). It is to a large extent registered into the CC division (DCC) of the European Chemistry and Molecular Science (EUCHEMS) Society and is connected to other chemistry related organizations operating in Chemical Engineering, Biochemistry, Chemometrics, Omics-sciences, Medicinal chemistry, Forensic chemistry, Food chemistry, etc. -
Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride -
The Elements.Pdf
A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division Presents Periodic Table of the Elements A Resource for Elementary, Middle School, and High School Students Click an element for more information: Group** Period 1 18 IA VIIIA 1A 8A 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 2 1 H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIAVIIA He 1.008 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB ------- VIII IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar 22.99 24.31 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B ------- 1B 2B 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 ------- 8 ------- 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.47 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 Rb Sr Y Zr NbMo Tc Ru Rh PdAgCd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 6 Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt AuHg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 190.2 195.1 197.0 200.5 204.4 207.2 209.0 (210) (210) (222) 87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116 118 7 Fr Ra Ac~RfDb Sg Bh Hs Mt --- --- --- --- --- --- (223) (226) (227) (257) (260) (263) (262) (265) (266) () () () () () () http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/ (1 of 3) [5/17/2001 4:06:20 PM] A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Lanthanide Series* Ce Pr NdPmSm Eu Gd TbDyHo Er TmYbLu 140.1 140.9 144.2 (147) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Actinide Series~ Th Pa U Np Pu AmCmBk Cf Es FmMdNo Lr 232.0 (231) (238) (237) (242) (243) (247) (247) (249) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257) ** Groups are noted by 3 notation conventions. -
Author's Personal Copy
Author's personal copy Computer Physics Communications 183 (2012) 2272–2281 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Computer Physics Communications journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cpc Libxc: A library of exchange and correlation functionals for density functional theory✩ Miguel A.L. Marques a,b,∗, Micael J.T. Oliveira c, Tobias Burnus d a Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France b LPMCN, CNRS, UMR 5586, Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France c Center for Computational Physics, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal d Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, and Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The central quantity of density functional theory is the so-called exchange–correlation functional. This Received 8 March 2012 quantity encompasses all non-trivial many-body effects of the ground-state and has to be approximated Received in revised form in any practical application of the theory. For the past 50 years, hundreds of such approximations have 7 May 2012 appeared, with many successfully persisting in the electronic structure community and literature. Here, Accepted 8 May 2012 we present a library that contains routines to evaluate many of these functionals (around 180) and their Available online 19 May 2012 derivatives. Keywords: Program summary Density functional theory Program title: LIBXC Density functionals Catalogue identifier: AEMU_v1_0 Local density approximation Generalized gradient approximation Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEMU_v1_0.html Hybrid functionals Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. -
Kurt Nassau Bibliography
Dr. Kurt Nassau Bibliography Compiled by the Richard T. Liddicoat Gemological Library and Information Center Abrahams S.C., Bernstein J.L., Nassau K. (1976) Pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelastic potassium. Solid State Communications, Vol. 18, pp. 1279-1281. Abrahams S.C., Bernstein J.L., Nassau K. (1976) Transition metal iodates, VII: Crystallographic and nonlinear optic survey of the 4F-iodates. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 16, Nos. 1-2, pp. 173-184. Abrahams S.C., Bernstein J.L., Nassau K., Lissalde F. (1979) XRD and dielectric temperature dependence study of the potassium cadmium sulfate paraelastic-ferroelastic phase transition. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 845-851. Abrahams S.C., Glass A.M., Nassau K. (1977) Crystal chirality and optical rotation sense in isomorphous sodium chlorine oxygen (3) and sodium bromine oxygen (3). Solid State Communications, Vol. 24, pp. 515-516. Abrahams S.C., Nassau K. (1986) Ferroelastic materials. In M.B. Bever, Ed., Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, pp. 1689-1692. Abrahams S.C., Nassau K. (1986) Ferroelectric materials. In M.B. Bever, Ed., Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, pp.1695-1698. Abrahams S.C., Nassau K. (1986) Piezoelectric materials. In M.B. Bever, Ed., Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, pp. 3524-3528. Abrahams S.C., Nassau K., Ravez J. (1983) Dielectric and thermal properties, expansion, and high-temperature plastic deformation of cadmium (4) sodium (vanadium tetrafluoride) (3). Journal of Applied Crystallography. Ashkin A., Boyd G.D., Dziedzic J.M., Smith R.G., Ballman A.A., Levinstein J.J., Nassau K.