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Density Functional Theory
Density Functional Approach Francesco Sottile Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau - France European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF) 22 October 2010 Density Functional Theory 1. Any observable of a quantum system can be obtained from the density of the system alone. < O >= O[n] Hohenberg, P. and W. Kohn, 1964, Phys. Rev. 136, B864 Density Functional Theory 1. Any observable of a quantum system can be obtained from the density of the system alone. < O >= O[n] 2. The density of an interacting-particles system can be calculated as the density of an auxiliary system of non-interacting particles. Hohenberg, P. and W. Kohn, 1964, Phys. Rev. 136, B864 Kohn, W. and L. Sham, 1965, Phys. Rev. 140, A1133 Density Functional ... Why ? Basic ideas of DFT Importance of the density Example: atom of Nitrogen (7 electron) 1. Any observable of a quantum Ψ(r1; ::; r7) 21 coordinates system can be obtained from 10 entries/coordinate ) 1021 entries the density of the system alone. 8 bytes/entry ) 8 · 1021 bytes 4:7 × 109 bytes/DVD ) 2 × 1012 DVDs 2. The density of an interacting-particles system can be calculated as the density of an auxiliary system of non-interacting particles. Density Functional ... Why ? Density Functional ... Why ? Density Functional ... Why ? Basic ideas of DFT Importance of the density Example: atom of Oxygen (8 electron) 1. Any (ground-state) observable Ψ(r1; ::; r8) 24 coordinates of a quantum system can be 24 obtained from the density of the 10 entries/coordinate ) 10 entries 8 bytes/entry ) 8 · 1024 bytes system alone. 5 · 109 bytes/DVD ) 1015 DVDs 2. -
2005 Annual Report American Physical Society
1 2005 Annual Report American Physical Society APS 20052 APS OFFICERS 2006 APS OFFICERS PRESIDENT: PRESIDENT: Marvin L. Cohen John J. Hopfield University of California, Berkeley Princeton University PRESIDENT ELECT: PRESIDENT ELECT: John N. Bahcall Leo P. Kadanoff Institue for Advanced Study, Princeton University of Chicago VICE PRESIDENT: VICE PRESIDENT: John J. Hopfield Arthur Bienenstock Princeton University Stanford University PAST PRESIDENT: PAST PRESIDENT: Helen R. Quinn Marvin L. Cohen Stanford University, (SLAC) University of California, Berkeley EXECUTIVE OFFICER: EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Judy R. Franz Judy R. Franz University of Alabama, Huntsville University of Alabama, Huntsville TREASURER: TREASURER: Thomas McIlrath Thomas McIlrath University of Maryland (Emeritus) University of Maryland (Emeritus) EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Martin Blume Martin Blume Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) PHOTO CREDITS: Cover (l-r): 1Diffraction patterns of a GaN quantum dot particle—UCLA; Spring-8/Riken, Japan; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, SLAC & UC Davis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 085503 (2005) 2TESLA 9-cell 1.3 GHz SRF cavities from ACCEL Corp. in Germany for ILC. (Courtesy Fermilab Visual Media Service 3G0 detector studying strange quarks in the proton—Jefferson Lab 4Sections of a resistive magnet (Florida-Bitter magnet) from NHMFL at Talahassee LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT APS IN 2005 3 2005 was a very special year for the physics community and the American Physical Society. Declared the World Year of Physics by the United Nations, the year provided a unique opportunity for the international physics community to reach out to the general public while celebrating the centennial of Einstein’s “miraculous year.” The year started with an international Launching Conference in Paris, France that brought together more than 500 students from around the world to interact with leading physicists. -
High-Throughput Design of Magnetic Materials
High-throughput Design of Magnetic Materials Hongbin Zhang Institute of Materials Science, TU Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany (Dated: August 28, 2020) Materials design based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations is an emergent field of great potential to accelerate the development and employment of novel materials. Magnetic mate- rials play an essential role in green energy applications as they provide efficient ways of harvesting, converting, and utilizing energy. In this review, after a brief introduction to the major functional- ities of magnetic materials, we demonstrated the fundamental properties which can be tackled via high-throughput DFT calculations, with a particular focus on the current challenges and feasible solutions. Successful case studies are summarized on several classes of magnetic materials, followed by bird-view perspectives for the future. Contents Glossary of acronyms I. Introduction 2 2D: two-dimensional AFM: antiferromagnetic II. Main applications of magnetic materials 3 A. Main applications 3 AHC: anomalous Hall conductivity III. Criticality and sustainability 4 ANC: anomalous Nernst conductivity IV. Main challenges and possible solutions 5 AMR: anisotropic magnetoresistance A. New compounds and phase diagram 5 B. Correlated nature of magnetism 7 ARPES: angle-resolved photoemission C. Magnetic ordering and ground states 8 BZ: Brillouin zone D. Magnetic fluctuations 10 E. Magnetic anisotropy and permanent magnets 12 DFT: density functional theory 1. Origin of magnetocrystalline anisotropy 12 2. Permanent magnets: Rare-earth or not? 13 DLM: disordered local moment F. Magneto-structural transitions 16 DOS: density of states G. Spintronics 18 H. Magnetic topological materials 21 DMFT: dynamical mean field theory I. Two-dimensional magnetic materials 23 DMI: Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction V. -
Smutty Alchemy
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2021-01-18 Smutty Alchemy Smith, Mallory E. Land Smith, M. E. L. (2021). Smutty Alchemy (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113019 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Smutty Alchemy by Mallory E. Land Smith A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2021 © Mallory E. Land Smith 2021 MELS ii Abstract Sina Queyras, in the essay “Lyric Conceptualism: A Manifesto in Progress,” describes the Lyric Conceptualist as a poet capable of recognizing the effects of disparate movements and employing a variety of lyric, conceptual, and language poetry techniques to continue to innovate in poetry without dismissing the work of other schools of poetic thought. Queyras sees the lyric conceptualist as an artistic curator who collects, modifies, selects, synthesizes, and adapts, to create verse that is both conceptual and accessible, using relevant materials and techniques from the past and present. This dissertation responds to Queyras’s idea with a collection of original poems in the lyric conceptualist mode, supported by a critical exegesis of that work. -
Workshop Program Full Booklet of Abstracts Available At
25th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics 1st – 3rd October 2018 Les Diablerets, Switzerland Workshop Program Full booklet of abstracts available at www.iwoe25.org 25th International Workshop on Oxide Electronics 1st – 3rd October 2018 Les Diablerets, Switzerland International committee Program committee Charles H. Ahn, Yale University Marc Gabay, University of Paris Sud Ariando, National University of Singapore Stefano Gariglio, University of Geneva Chang-Beom Eom, University of Wisconsin- Jochen Mannhart, MPI Stuttgart Madison Daniele Marré, University of Genova Masashi Kawasaki, University of Tokyo Patrycja Paruch, University of Geneva Hideomi Koinuma, University of Tokyo* Jean-Marc Triscone, University of Geneva Jochen Mannhart, Max Planck Institute Stuttgart Daniele Marré, University of Genova Tae Won Noh, Seoul National University Guus Rijnders, University of Twente Organization committee Darrell G. Schlom, Cornell University Jennifer Fowlie, University of Geneva Yuichi Shimakawa, Kyoto University Stefano Gariglio, University of Geneva Hitoshi Tabata, The University of Tokyo Jochen Mannhart, MPI Stuttgart Jean-Marc Triscone, University of Geneva Jean-Marc Triscone, University of Geneva T. Venky Venkatesan, National University of Singapore* *emeritus member Sponsors VENUE The workshop will be held at the Congress-Center at Les Diablerets, Switzerland. The participants will be lodged at the EUROTEL-Victoria and H^otelLes Sources. Both hotels and the Congress-Center are about 10 minutes walk from the train station "Les Diablerets". Train station Hotel de la Poste Congress Center Eurotel Victoria Hotel Les Sources 0 50 100 150m Scale 1: 5,000 Printed on 13.09.2018 15:20 CEST https://s.geo.admin.ch/7cfe6e2a6d www.geo.admin.ch is a portal provided by the Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation to gain insight on publicly accessible geographical information, data and services Limitation of liability. -
Simulation Studies of the Mechanisms of Interaction Between Carbon Nanotubes and Amino Acids
Simulation Studies of the Mechanisms of Interaction between Carbon Nanotubes and Amino Acids by George Bassem Botros Abadir B.Sc., Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, 2000 M.Sc., Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, 2005 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Electrical and Computer Engineering) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2010 c George Bassem Botros Abadir 2010 Abstract In this thesis, molecular dynamics and ab initio density functional theory/non- equilibrium Green’s function simulations are used to study the interaction between carbon nanotubes and amino acids. Firstly, rules for the proper choice of the parameters used in these simulations are established. It is demonstrated how the improper choice of these parameters (particularly the basis set used in ab initio simulations) can lead to quantitatively and qualitatively erroneous conclusions regarding the bandgap of the nanotubes. It is then shown that the major forces responsible for amino-acid adsorp- tion on carbon nanotubes are van der Waals forces, and that hydrophobic interactions may accelerate the adsorption process, but are not necessary for it to occur. The mechanisms of interaction between carbon nanotubes and amino acids are elucidated. It is found that geometrical deformations do not play a major role in the sensing process, and that electrostatic inter- actions represent the major interaction mechanism between the tubes and amino acids. Fully metallic armchair tubes are found to be insensitive to various amino acids, while small-radius nanotubes are shown to be inade- quate for sensing in aqueous media, as their response to the motion of the atoms resulting from the immersion in water is comparable to that of an- alyte adsorption. -
Quantum Chemical Calculations of NMR Parameters
Quantum Chemical Calculations of NMR Parameters Tatyana Polenova University of Delaware Newark, DE Winter School on Biomolecular NMR January 20-25, 2008 Stowe, Vermont OUTLINE INTRODUCTION Relating NMR parameters to geometric and electronic structure Classical calculations of EFG tensors Molecular properties from quantum chemical calculations Quantum chemistry methods DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY FOR CALCULATIONS OF NMR PARAMETERS Introduction to DFT Software Practical examples Tutorial RELATING NMR OBSERVABLES TO MOLECULAR STRUCTURE NMR Spectrum NMR Parameters Local geometry Chemical structure (reactivity) I. Calculation of experimental NMR parameters Find unique solution to CQ, Q, , , , , II. Theoretical prediction of fine structure constants from molecular geometry Classical electrostatic model (EFG)- only in simple ionic compounds Quantum mechanical calculations (Density Functional Theory) (EFG, CSA) ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT (EFG) TENSOR: POINT CHARGE MODEL EFG TENSOR IS DETERMINED BY THE COMBINED ELECTRONIC AND NUCLEAR WAVEFUNCTION, NO ANALYTICAL EXPRESSION IN THE GENERAL CASE THE SIMPLEST APPROXIMATION: CLASSICAL POINT CHARGE MODEL n Zie 4 V2,k = 3 Y2,k ()i,i i=1 di 5 ATOMS CONTRIBUTING TO THE EFG TENSOR ARE TREATED AS POINT CHARGES, THE RESULTING EFG TENSOR IS THE SUM WITH RESPECT TO ALL ATOMS VERY CRUDE MODEL, WORKS QUANTITATIVELY ONLY IN SIMPLEST IONIC SYSTEMS, BUT YIELDS QUALITATIVE TRENDS AND GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SYMMETRY AND MAGNITUDE OF THE EXPECTED TENSOR ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT (EFG) TENSOR: POINT CHARGE MODEL n Zie 4 V2,k = 3 Y2,k ()i,i i=1 di 5 Ze V = ; V = 0; V = 0 2,0 d 3 2,±1 2,±2 2Ze V = ; V = 0; V = 0 2,0 d 3 2,±1 2,±2 3 Ze V = ; V = 0; V = 0 2,0 2 d 3 2,±1 2,±2 V2,0 = 0; V2,±1 = 0; V2,±2 = 0 MOLECULAR PROPERTIES FROM QUANTUM CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS H = E See for example M. -
UOW High Performance Computing Cluster User's Guide
UOW High Performance Computing Cluster User’s Guide Information Management & Technology Services University of Wollongong ( Last updated on February 2, 2015) Contents 1. Overview6 1.1. Specification................................6 1.2. Access....................................7 1.3. File System.................................7 2. Quick Start9 2.1. Access the HPC Cluster...........................9 2.1.1. From within the UOW campus...................9 2.1.2. From the outside of UOW campus.................9 2.2. Work at the HPC Cluster.......................... 10 2.2.1. Being familiar with the environment................ 10 2.2.2. Setup the working space...................... 11 2.2.3. Initialize the computational task.................. 11 2.2.4. Submit your job and check the results............... 14 3. Software 17 3.1. Software Installation............................ 17 3.2. Software Environment........................... 17 3.3. Software List................................ 19 4. Queue System 22 4.1. Queue Structure............................... 22 4.1.1. Normal queue............................ 22 4.1.2. Special queues........................... 23 4.1.3. Schedule policy........................... 23 4.2. Job Management.............................. 23 4.2.1. PBS options............................. 23 4.2.2. Submit a batch job......................... 25 4.2.3. Check the job/queue status..................... 27 4.2.4. Submit an interactive job...................... 29 4.2.5. Submit workflow jobs....................... 30 4.2.6. Delete jobs............................. 31 5. Utilization Agreement 32 5.1. Policy.................................... 32 5.2. Acknowledgements............................. 32 5.3. Contact Information............................. 33 Appendices 35 A. Access the HPC cluster from Windows clients 35 A.1. Putty..................................... 35 A.2. Configure ‘Putty’ with UOW proxy.................... 36 A.3. SSH Secure Shell Client.......................... 38 B. Enable Linux GUI applications using Xming 41 B.1. -
Lebenslauf – Jörg Premper
Mechanische Spannungen von BaTiO3 und SrTiO3 Atomlagen auf Metalleinkristallen Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) der Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at II Chemie, Physik und Mathematik der Martin-Luther-Universit¨at Halle-Wittenberg, vorgelegt von Herrn Dipl. Phys. Jorg¨ Premper geboren am 28. Juli 1982 in Querfurt Halle (Saale), 6. Dezember 2013 Gutachter 1. Prof. Dr. Jurgen¨ Kirschner 2. Prof. Dr. Kathrin D¨orr 3. Prof. Dr. Hans-Ulrich Krebs verteidigt am: 28. Mai 2014 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1 2 Mechanische Spannungen in dunnen¨ Filmen 3 2.1 Beschreibung der elastischen Eigenschaften von Festk¨orpern...... 3 2.2 Richtungsabh¨angigkeit des Young Moduls und der Poisson Zahl . 8 3 Experimenteller Aufbau 15 3.1 2-Strahl-Biegemessaufbau . 15 3.2 Gepulste Laserdeposition und Excimer Laser . 19 3.3 Auger-Elektronen-Spektroskopie . 21 3.4 Beugung langsamer und mittelenergetischer Elektronen . 21 3.5 Probenhalter und Elektronenstoßheizung. 24 3.6 Ultrahochvakuum-Kammer . 27 4 Substratpr¨aparation und Schichtdickenbestimmung 31 4.1 Platin .................................... 31 4.2 Palladium.................................. 33 4.3 Eisen..................................... 34 4.4 Schichtdickenbestimmung mit dem Quarz-Oszillator . 35 5 Vorbereitende Spannungsmessungen 37 5.1 Oberfl¨achenspannungsmessung bei O2-Angebot ............. 37 5.2 Spannungen in Kobalt Atomlagen auf Pt(001) . 38 6 Spannungen in BaTiO3 Filmen 43 6.1 BaTiO3-FilmeaufPt(001)......................... 45 6.2 BaTiO3-FilmeaufPd(001) ........................ 47 6.3 BaTiO3-FilmeaufFe(001)......................... 48 6.4 BaTiO3-FilmeaufPt(111)......................... 50 6.5 BaTiO3-FilmeaufPd(111) ........................ 51 7 Spannungen in SrTiO3 Filmen 53 7.1 SrTiO3-FilmeaufPt(001) ......................... 54 7.2 SrTiO3-FilmeaufPd(001)......................... 54 7.3 SrTiO3-FilmeaufFe(001) ........................ -
LOUISIANA SCIENTIST Vol. 5A No. 1
Louisiana Scientist Bulletin of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences Volume 5A Number 1 (2015 Annual Meeting Abstracts) Published by THE LOUISIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 05 July 2016 1 Louisiana Scientist Bulletin of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences IN THIS ISSUE Louisiana Academy of Sciences Abstracts of Presentations 2015 Annual Meeting Nicholls State University Thibodaux, Louisiana 14 March 2015 Division/Section Page Division of Agriculture, Forestry, and Wildlife . 4 Division of Biological Sciences . 7 Environmental Sciences Section . 7 Microbiology Section . 10 Molecular and Biomedical Biology Section . 11 Zoology Section . 16 Division of Physical Sciences . 23 Chemistry Section . 23 Computer Science Section . 26 Materials Science and Engineering Section . 31 Math and Statistics Section . 35 Physics Section . 36 Division of Science Education . .. 41 Higher Education Section . 41 Division of Sciences and Humanities . 43 Division of Social Sciences . 46 Acknowledgement . 50 2 The following abstracts of oral and poster presentations represent those received by the Abstract Editor. Authors’ affiliations are abbreviated as follows: CPMC Calcasieu Parish Mosquito Control FHS Franklinton High School GSU Grambling State University HSCA Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics LSU-A Louisiana State University at Alexandria LSU-BR Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LSU-E Louisiana State University, Eunice LTU Louisiana Tech University LU-NO Loyola University, New Orleans McSU McNeese State University NCTR National Centre for Toxicological -
Virt&L-Comm.3.2012.1
Virt&l-Comm.3.2012.1 A MODERN APPROACH TO AB INITIO COMPUTING IN CHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR AND MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES ANTONIO LAGANA’, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA, PERUGIA (IT)* ABSTRACT In this document we examine the present situation of Ab initio computing in Chemistry and Molecular and Materials Science and Technologies applications. To this end we give a short survey of the most popular quantum chemistry and quantum (as well as classical and semiclassical) molecular dynamics programs and packages. We then examine the need to move to higher complexity multiscale computational applications and the related need to adopt for them on the platform side cloud and grid computing. On this ground we examine also the need for reorganizing. The design of a possible roadmap to establishing a Chemistry Virtual Research Community is then sketched and some examples of Chemistry and Molecular and Materials Science and Technologies prototype applications exploiting the synergy between competences and distributed platforms are illustrated for these applications the middleware and work habits into cooperative schemes and virtual research communities (part of the first draft of this paper has been incorporated in the white paper issued by the Computational Chemistry Division of EUCHEMS in August 2012) INTRODUCTION The computational chemistry (CC) community is made of individuals (academics, affiliated to research institutions and operators of chemistry related companies) carrying out computational research in Chemistry, Molecular and Materials Science and Technology (CMMST). It is to a large extent registered into the CC division (DCC) of the European Chemistry and Molecular Science (EUCHEMS) Society and is connected to other chemistry related organizations operating in Chemical Engineering, Biochemistry, Chemometrics, Omics-sciences, Medicinal chemistry, Forensic chemistry, Food chemistry, etc. -
On the Trail of Dark Energy
I n t e r n at I o n a l Jo u r n a l o f HI g H -en e r g y PH y s I c s CERN COURIERV o l u m e 49 nu m b e r 2 m a r c H 2009 On the trail of dark energy LHCCOVERLINE NEWS HEAD LASERSCOVERLINE HEAD PERSONALITYCOVERLINE HEAD ChamonixCoverline normal meeting High-intensityCoverline normal pulses AnCoverline interview normal with firmscoverline up thenormal schedule px p5 offercoverline exciting normal potential px p21 Georgescoverline Charpak normal px p24 CCMar09Cover.indd 1 10/2/09 09:45:18 Abstract Submission 25-31 October 2009 Deadline: 11 May 2009 General Chair: Nuclear Science Symposium Richard Lanza MIT, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Medical Imaging Conference 77 Massachusetts Ave, Building NW13-221 Radiation Detectors and Instrumentation and their Cambridge, MA 02139-4307 USA applications in Physics, Biology, Space, Material Science, Medical Physics and Homeland Security www.nss-mic.org/2009 Plenary Sessions • Oral Sessions • Poster Sessions• Short Courses email [email protected] Special Topic Workshops • Industrial Exhibits • Companion Program phone 617.253.IEEE (4333) HILTON DISNEY WORLD, ORLANDO, FLORIDA Bleed full page template.indt 1 10/2/09 09:23:44 CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine