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Erken Lydia Dönemi Tarihi Ve Arkeolojisi

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T.C. AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ARKEOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI 2019-YL–196 ERKEN LYDIA DÖNEMİ TARİHİ VE ARKEOLOJİSİ HAZIRLAYAN Murat AKTAŞ TEZ DANIŞMANI Prof. Dr. Engin AKDENİZ AYDIN- 2019 T.C. AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE AYDIN Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Programı öğrencisi Murat AKTAŞ tarafından hazırlanan Erken Lydia Dönemi Tarihi ve Arkeolojisi başlıklı tez, …….2019 tarihinde yapılan savunma sonucunda aşağıda isimleri bulunan jüri üyelerince kabul edilmiştir. Unvanı, Adı ve Soyadı : Kurumu : İmzası : Başkan : Prof. Dr. Engin AKDENİZ ADÜ ………… Üye : Doç. Dr. Ali OZAN PAÜ ………… Üye : Dr. Öğr. Üyesi. Aydın ERÖN ADÜ ………… Jüri üyeleri tarafından kabul edilen bu Yüksek Lisans tezi, Enstitü Yönetim Kurulunun …………..tarih………..sayılı kararı ile onaylanmıştır. Doç. Dr. Ahmet Can BAKKALCI Enstitü Müdürü V. iii T.C. AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE AYDIN Bu tezde sunulan tüm bilgi ve sonuçların, bilimsel yöntemlerle yürütülen gerçek deney ve gözlemler çerçevesinde tarafımdan elde edildiğini, çalışmada bana ait olmayan tüm veri, düşünce, sonuç ve bilgilere bilimsel etik kurallarının gereği olarak eksiksiz şekilde uygun atıf yaptığımı ve kaynak göstererek belirttiğimi beyan ederim. …../…../2019 Murat AKTAŞ iv ÖZET ERKEN LYDIA DÖNEMİ TARİHİ VE ARKEOLOJİSİ Murat AKTAŞ Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Arkeoloji Anabilim Dalı Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Engin AKDENİZ 2019, XVI + 157 sayfa Batı Anadolu’da Hermos (Gediz) ve Kaystros (Küçük Menderes) ırmaklarının vadilerini kapsayan coğrafyaya yerleşen Lydialılar'ın nereden ve ne zaman geldikleri kesin olarak bilinmemektedir. Ancak Lydialılar'ın MÖ II. bin yılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Anadolu’da var oldukları anlaşılmaktadır. Herodotos, Troia savaşından itibaren Herakles oğullarının bölgede beş yüz yıl hüküm sürdüğünden bahseder. Lydia adının da daha önceleri bu bölgede yaşayan Maionialılar olarak anılan Lydia halkına kendi adını veren Kral Atys’in oğlu Lydos’tan türediğini anlatır Lydialılar’ın üç kral sülalesi Atyadlar, Heraklidler (Tylonidler) ve Mermnadlar’ın yönetiminde olduğu tarihsel kayıtlardan aktarılırken Lydia kültür varlığının maddesel anlamda (arkeolojik) kanıtları MÖ 700- 300 yılları arasında karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Lydia Krallığı'nın tarihsel misyonu, Tmolos Dağı’ndan kaynağını aldıktan sonra Hermos’a dökülen Paktalos Nehri’nin getirdiği altın mineralinin keşfinin ardından belirginleşmektedir. Heraklid sülalesinden sonra yönetime geçen Mermnad sülalesinin ilk kralı Gyges döneminde Lydia, Kimmer akınları ile yıkılan Frig İmparatorluğunun ardından büyük bir güç olarak Anadolu’da tarih sahnesinde görülür. MÖ 546 yılında Kroisos’un yenilgisi ile 200 yıl süren Pers egemenliğinde yaşayan Lydia sonrasında diğer Anadolu halkları gibi MÖ 334’de İskender ve MÖ 130 yılı ile birlikte Roma yönetiminde varlığını sürdürmüştür. ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER: Lydia, Maionia, Atyad, Heraklid (Tylonid), Mermnad v ABSTRACT HISTOİSTORY AND ARCHEOLOGY OF THE EARLY LYDİAN PERİOD Murat AKTAŞ M.A.Thesis, Department of Archeology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Engin AKDENİZ 2019 XVI + 157 pages It is not known exactly where and when the Lydians came to the geography covering the valleys of the Hermos (Gediz) and Kaystros (Küçük Menderes) rivers in Western Anatolia. However, ıt is understood that the Lydians existed in Anatolia since the second half of the second millennium BC. Herodotus mentions that after the Trojan War, the sons of Heracles ruled the region for five hundred years. Herodotus says that the name of the people of Lydia, who were formerly known as Maionians, lived in this region and derived from Lydos, son of King Atys. Historical records indicate that the Lydians were under the rule of the three kings known as Atyads, Heraclids (Tylonidler)and Mermnads. The material (archaeological) evidence of the Lydian cultural heritage appears between 700 and 300 BC. The historical mission of the Lydian Kingdom became clear after the discovery of the golden mineral brought by the Pactalos River which spilled into Hermos after taking its source from Tmolos Mountain. After the Phrygian Empire, which was demolished by Kimmer raids, Lydia was seen as a great power in the history scene in Anatolia during the period of Gyges, the first king of the Mermnad dynasty, which came to power after the Heraklid dynasty. After the defeat of Kroisos in 546 BC, Lydia lived under Persian rule for 200 years. Later, like other Anatolian peoples, it continued its existence in 334 BC with Alexander the Great and 130 BC under the Roman Empire. KEY WORDS: Lydia, Maionia, Atyad, Heraklid (Tylonid), Mermnad vi ÖNSÖZ “Erken Lydia Dönemi Tarihi ve Arkeolojisi” başlıklı Yüksek Lisans tezim beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Tezin ilk bölümü, Lidya Bölgesinin Coğrafi Özellikleri; ikinci bölümü, Lidya Uygarlığı Hakkında Yapılan Bilimsel Araştırmalar; üçüncü bölümü, Tarihsel Süreç İçerisinde Lydia Devleti; dördüncü bölümü, Antik Kaynaklar ve Epigrafik Veriler Yardımıyla Erken Lydia Dönemi Tarihinin İncelenmesi; beşinci bölümü ise Yüzey Araştırmaları ve Kazı Sonuçlarına Göre Erken Lydia Dönemi Arkeolojisi başlığı altında incelenmiştir. Tezimde kazı ve araştırmalar ışığında erken dönem Lydia Uygarlığının tarihi coğrafyası, sosyal ve kültürel ilişkileri, ekonomik ve ticari hayatı hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak amaçlanmıştır. Her şeyden önce yetişmemde büyük emeği geçen, bana bu konuyu çalışma imkanı veren, kaynak ve yol gösteren değerli hocam Prof. Dr. Engin AKDENİZ’ e en derin duygularımla teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Gerek kazıda gerekse tezin hazırlanması sırasında kıymetli yardımlarını gördüğüm Dr. Öğrt. Üyesi Rafet DİNÇ’e, Arş. Gör. Nihal AKILLI’ ya ve Arş. Gör. Yavuz Selim KAYA’ya teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca kaynak yardımında bulunan İstanbul Alman Arkeoloji Enstitüsü ve Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Merkez Kütüphanesi yetkililerine teşekkür ederim. Son olarak beni her zaman destekleyen, maddi ve manevi yardımlarını hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen aileme teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Murat AKTAŞ vii İÇİNDEKİLER KABUL VE ONAY SAYFASI ................................................................................................. iii BİLİMSEL ETİK BİLDİRİM SAYFASI ................................................................................. iv ÖZET .......................................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. vi ÖNSÖZ ..................................................................................................................................... vii KISALTMALAR DİZİNİ .......................................................................................................... x RESİMLER DİZİNİ ........................................................................................................................ xi GİRİŞ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1. BÖLÜM ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1. LİDYA COĞRAFYASININ GENEL ÖZELLİKLERİ ............................................................... 3 1.1. Bölgenin Sınırları ve Fiziki Coğrafyası ............................................................................. 3 1.2. Jeomorfoloji ..................................................................................................................... 14 1.3. Klimatoloji ....................................................................................................................... 16 1.4. Biyocoğrafya .................................................................................................................... 17 1.5. Hidrografya ...................................................................................................................... 17 1.6. Ekonomik Coğrafya ......................................................................................................... 18 2. BÖLÜM ..................................................................................................................................... 20 2. LİDYA UYGARLIĞI HAKKINDA YAPILAN BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMALAR ................... 20 3. BÖLÜM ..................................................................................................................................... 22 3. TARİHSEL SÜREÇ İÇERİSİNDE LYDİA DEVLETİ ............................................................ 22 3.1. Prehistorik ve Protohistorik Dönemler ............................................................................... 22 3.2. Lydialılar’ın Kökeni ..................................................................................................... 25 3.3. Erken Lydia Dönemi .................................................................................................... 31 3.4. Orta Lydia Dönemi ....................................................................................................... 33 3.5. Geç Lydia Dönemi ........................................................................................................ 38 4. BÖLÜM ............................................................................................................................... 46 viii 4. ANTİK KAYNAKLAR VE LYDİA EPİGRAFİK VERİLERİ YARDIMIYLA ERKEN LYDİA DÖNEMİ TARİHİNİN İNCELENMESİ ......................................................
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    MASTER NEGATIVE NO. 93-81605- Y MICROFILMED 1 993 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK / as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project'' Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United photocopies or States Code - concerns the making of other reproductions of copyrighted material. and Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries or other archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy the reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that for any photocopy or other reproduction is not to be "used purpose other than private study, scholarship, or for, or later uses, a research." If a user makes a request photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair infringement. use," that user may be liable for copyright a This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept fulfillment of the order copy order if, in its judgement, would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: VAUX, WILLIAM SANDYS WRIGHT TITLE: GREEK CITIES ISLANDS OF ASIA MINOR PLACE: LONDON DA TE: 1877 ' Master Negative # COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT BIBLIOGRAPHIC MTCROFORM TAR^FT Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record m^m i» 884.7 !! V46 Vaux, V7aiion Sandys Wright, 1818-1885. ' Ancient history from the monuments. Greek cities I i and islands of Asia Minor, by W. S. W. Vaux... ' ,' London, Society for promoting Christian knowledce." ! 1877. 188. p. plate illus. 17 cm. ^iH2n KJ Restrictions on Use: TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA i? FILM SIZE: 3 S'^y^/"^ REDUCTION IMAGE RATIO: J^/ PLACEMENT: lA UA) iB .
  • Guidelines for Handouts JM

    Guidelines for Handouts JM

    UCL - INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY ARCL3034 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF EARLY ANATOLIA 2007/2008 Year 3 Option for BA Archaeology 0.5 unit Co-ordinator: Professor Roger Matthews [email protected] Room 411. Tel: 020 7679 7481 UCL students at the Iron Age site of Kerkenes, June 2006 1 AIMS To provide an introduction to the archaeology of early Anatolia, from the Palaeolithic to the Iron Age. To consider major issues in the development of human society in Anatolia, including the origins and evolution of sedentism, agriculture, early complex societies, empires and states. To consider the nature and interpretation of archaeological sources in approaching the past of Anatolia. To familiarize students with the conduct and excitement of the practice of archaeology in Anatolia, through an intensive 2-week period of organized site and museum visits in Turkey. OBJECTIVES On successful completion of this course a student should: Have a broad overview of the archaeology of early Anatolia. Appreciate the significance of the archaeology of early Anatolia within the broad context of the development of human society. Appreciate the importance of critical approaches to archaeological sources within the context of Anatolia and Western Asia. Understand first-hand the thrill and challenge of practicing archaeology in the context of Turkey. COURSE INFORMATION This handbook contains the basic information about the content and administration of the course. Additional subject-specific reading lists and individual session handouts will be given out at appropriate points in the course. If students have queries about the objectives, structure, content, assessment or organisation of the course, they should consult the Course Co-ordinator.
  • Un Manual De Matematicas Y Ciencas Utilizando Inteligencias Multiples

    Un Manual De Matematicas Y Ciencas Utilizando Inteligencias Multiples

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 424 727 FL 025 109 TITLE Un Marco Abierto: Un Manual de Matematicas yCiencas Utilizando Inteligencias Multiples Disenado para Estudiantes Bilingues de Educacion General y Especial (An Open Framework: A Math and Science Manual UtilizingMultiple Intelligences Designed for Bilingual Students in General and Special Education). INSTITUTION New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY.Office of Bilingual Education. PUB DATE 1997-00-00 NOTE 151p. AVAILABLE FROM Office of Instructional Publications Bookstore, Room 608, 131 Livingston Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) LANGUAGE Spanish EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Bilingual Education; Bilingual Students; Cognitive Mapping; Elementary Education; *English (Second Language);Gifted; Grade 4; Grade 5; Grade 6; Grade 7; Grade 8; Instructional Materials; Lesson Plans; *Mathematics Education; *Multiple Intelligences; *Science Education; Second Language Instruction; Semantics; Spanish; Special Education;Teaching Guides; *Thematic Approach ABSTRACT This manual incorporates a Multiple Intelligences perspective into its presentation of themes and lesson ideasfor Spanish-English bilingual elementary school students ingrades 4-8 and is designed for both gifted and special education uses. Eachunit includes practice activities, semantic maps to illustrate and helporganize ideas as well as curricular connections in mathematics and science,and ESL linguistic summaries which provide examples on how to develop ESLactivities for English vocabulary.(CNP)
  • Solved: the Case of the Missing Leotard by Rachael Reynolds-Soucie Tards -- Two Seasons, in Fact

    Solved: the Case of the Missing Leotard by Rachael Reynolds-Soucie Tards -- Two Seasons, in Fact

    PRSRT STD U.S. Postage Paid Permit #250 Dwight, IL 60420 ** ECRWSS ** Local Customer IT’S FREE! Volume 22 • Number 5 Proudly serving the area since 1999 Wednesday, January 29, 2020 Solved: The Case of the Missing Leotard By Rachael Reynolds-Soucie tards -- two seasons, in fact. [email protected] PaperThe Randalls double checked everywhere between home and the hotel. They even made multiple calls to Sleepy little towns like Dwight don’t always see Circle K, the McDonald's next door, and Love's, but much action. But last weekend the Dwight Police the leo was nowhere to be found. Chief found himself in the middle of a well-publicized Milan was able to compete in the meet that day cold case: The case of the missing leotard. thanks to a teammate letting her borrow a uniform. Mario and Shonetta Randall, of downstate She even placed first in beams, first in floor and first Swansea, were on the way to the Bravo Classics Gym- all-around. But triumph would have felt much better nastic meet on Saturday, January 18 in Lombard with in her own uniform. their daughter, 9-year-old Milan, who was set to com- Shonetta took to Facebook on Thursday, January pete with her team Gateway Elite Gymnastics. They 23 and created a page, “Find Milan’s Leo.” She even packed the SUV with everything they would need for offered a $100 reward. the meet, including Milan’s warm-ups and leotard. “We need Dwight, IL's help in locating this garment It’s a five-hour drive from the St.